The history of the ora (with the symbol Φ) as a trade instrument is inextricably linked to the history of Orania, a village on the southern bank of the Orange River in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. The closest town to Orania is Hopetown (43 kilometres to the northwest). Orania is about 160 kilometres south of Kimberley, the biggest city in the Northern Cape. Orania has a number of unique features. Firstly, all inhabitants are white and speak Afrikaans, with the implication that this is the language used for all activities (business, education, religion and social interaction). It is therefore viewed as a white Afrikaner cultural enclave. Secondly, the aim of Orania is self-determination as far as its future is concerned. In this context it has been described as a continuation of the Verwoerdian ideal of the 1960s. This aim is supported by "selfwerksaamheid" (loosely meaning "to work with our own for our own"), that is, a policy in terms of which preference is given to the employment of people from Orania. Thirdly, Orania has its own trade instrument, the ora, the symbol for which is Φ.2 The ora is described as a coupon used in settlement of cash transactions. Calling the ora currency would be a contravention of the South African Reserve Bank Act, 1989. The Orania Sakekamer [chamber of commerce] issues the ora. It is linked on a one-to-one basis to the South African rand, that is, at a rate of Φ 1,00 = R1,00. The inhabitants of Orania prefer to use ora when referring to amounts and this paper follows the same convention. Literature on Orania refers to the ora and its use in trade, but there is no research focusing on the development of the ora since it wasfirst launched in 2004. This paper seeks to contribute to filling this gap in the existing literature. The ora serves the needs of the inhabitants of Orania. A population census undertaken in Orania in December 2021 and early in 2022 reported the town'spopulation as 2 377 people, of whom 1 635 were 20 years and older. The same census also showed that Orania comprised 649 households and 220 businesses. Based on the 2021/22 census, the total personal annual income of the residents of Orania in 2021 was estimated at Φ295 672 222. Per capita personal annual income of the 2 377 inhabitants was therefore estimated at Φ124 389. Based on the same census data, the annual household income in Orania was estimated at Φ190 331179. The difference in estimates cannot be explained in terms of the 2021/2022 census data and was previously highlighted as an area for further research. These estimates show some correlation with the survey data obtained from the 2021 business survey conducted in Orania. Business turnover in 2021 was estimated at Φ281 950 000. More research is necessary to ascertain whether the increase in the value of ora issued correlates at all with the growth rate of economic activity in Orania. If this correlation can be determined, ora in circulation will be a useful indicator of the growth of economic activities in Orania. The growth rate of ora coupons cannot be compared with growth in economic activity because the latter has not previously been calculated on a comparable basis. Recently research was published that will contribute to a basis for determining future economic growth. This research shows that the ora contributes to "community building" (a sense that the residents are building their own future) in Orania and limits cash risks in the town. However, the ora also has certain disadvantages for residents of Orania. Holders of ora coupons and dOra must exchange them for rand in Orania for cash transactions outside the town. Any discount that businesses grant on ora transactions reduces their turnover and gross profit. The fact that ora coupons are not machine-readable increases the administration costs of the coupons. The final conclusion is that the ora is inextricably linked to Orania. The town can exist without the ora, but the ora cannot exist without Orania.

Hierdie artikel fokus op die geskiedenis van die ora (Φ3) sedert die eerste vrystelling daarvan 20 jaar gelede in 2004. Die ora is onlosmaaklik verweef met Orania, 'n Afrikaanse dorp in die Noord-Kaap. Die ora is op 'n een-tot-een-grondslag gekoppel aan die Suid-Afrikaanse rand. Die ora sirkuleer as 'n wettige betaalmiddel vir gebruik in kontanttransaksies in Orania. Die bestaan en sirkulasie van die ora is een van die unieke eienskappe van Orania. 'n Verdere unieke eienskap van Orania is die uitsluitlike gebruik van Afrikaans in die dorp. Alle bedrywighede (godsdiensbeoefening, kultuuraktiwiteite, onderrig en saketransak-sies) geskied uitsluitlik in Afrikaans. Voorts het Orania net wit inwoners. Die dorp word dus as 'n wit Afrikaner enklawe beskou. Daarbenewens is die oogmerk van Orania selfbeskikking wat die dorp se toekoms betref. Dit bring Orania in lyn met die voortsetting van die Verwoerdiaanse ideaal van afsonderlike ontwikkeling tot selfbeskikking. Hierdie ideaal word in Orania ondersteun deur "selfwerk-saamheid", met ander woorde 'n beleid dat voorkeur gegee word aan indiensneming van die inwoners van Orania. Die inwoners van Orania verkies om bedrae in ora te noem en nie in rand nie. Gevolglik word daardie praktyk in hierdie artikel gebruik. Gebaseer op die 2021/22-sensusopname in Orania, is totale persoonlike jaarlikse inkomste op Φ295 672 222 beraam. Per capita persoonlike jaarlikse inkomste vir die 2 377 inwoners is dus op Φ124 389 beraam. Hierteenoor is die jaarlikse inkomste van huishoudings in Orania in 2021 op Φ190 331 179 beraam. Hierdie verskil in ramings kan nie met behulp van die bestaande sensusopnamedata verklaar word nie en is tevore aangestip as 'n gebied vir verdere navorsing. Die 2021-besigheidsopname van Orania rapporteer data oor sake-ondernemings in die dorp. Op grond van hierdie opnamedata is die jaarlikse omset van sakeondernemings in Orania in 2021 op Φ281 950 000 beraam. Meer navorsing is nodig om te bepaal of die groei in ora-koepons wat uitgereik word, hoegenaamd korreleer met die groei in ekonomiese bedrywighede in Orania. Die groeikoers van ora-koepons kan nie met groei in ekonomiese bedrywighede vergelyk word nie omdat laasgenoemde nie voorheen op 'n vergelykbare basis bereken is nie. Onlangse navorsing is die eerste inisiatief om 'n basis te skep vir die bepaling van Orania se toekomstige ekonomiese groei. Indien hierdie korrelasie deur toekomstige navorsing bepaal kan word, sal dit 'n nuttige en maklike aanwyser van ekonomiese bedrywighede op die dorp wees. Die navorsing toon ook dat die ora tot gemeenskapsbewussyn bydra, byvoorbeeld omdat die inwoners bedrae in ora uitdruk, eerder as in rand. Die ora verminder ook kontantrisiko in Orania, omdat die ora nie buite die dorp gebruik kan word nie. Die ora het egter ook sekere nadele vir inwoners van Orania. Houers van ora-koepons en dOra moet dit in Orania vir rand inwissel vir kontanttransaksies buite die dorp. Enige afslag wat sake-ondernemings op ora-transaksies toestaan, verminder hul omset en bruto wins. Die feit dat ora-koepons nie masjienleesbaar is nie, verhoog die administrasiekoste van die koepons. Die ora en Orania is onlosmaaklik met mekaar verweef. Die dorp kan egter sonder die ora bestaan, terwyl die ora nie sonder Orania kan bestaan nie.

ABSTRACT Foundation: aging is a fact that affects the entire world population, and considerably, the most developed countries, in which life expectancy has been increasing as reflected in the United Nations report. Objective: to describe the social context and functional capacity in gerontos of clinic # 8 of Health Area I of the Cienfuegos municipality during the year 2022. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A 30 % sample was randomly selected for a total of 131 elderly people. A structured interview was carried out, which included the general variables: age, sex, level of education, occupation, personal pathological history, support collaboration and to complete the social assessment, the Family Functioning Questionnaire was applied. Results: the age group of 60 to 65 years had the most prevalence, 45.5 % studied until they completed primary school, followed by those who completed secondary school with 29.0 %. Retirees were represented at 38.9 %, the main non-communicable diseases that prevailed were: high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, 40.4 % lived alone, 19.8 % had a caregiver, 14.5 % did not receive support and 9.9 % of the elderly who were in a probable state of social need. Conclusions: a well-nourished, loved, supported older adult, with all basic needs satisfied, as well as all associated diseases typical of this stage of life compensated, will have a better quality of life in any society.

RESUMEN Fundamento: el envejecimiento es un hecho que afecta a toda la población mundial, y de manera considerable, a los países más desarrollados, en los que la esperanza de vida ha ido aumentando tal y como se refleja en el informe de Naciones Unidas. Objetivo: describir el contexto social y capacidad funcional en gerontos del consultorio # 8 del Área de Salud I del municipio Cienfuegos durante el año 2022. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente una muestra del 30 % para un total de 131 ancianos. Se realizó una entrevista estructurada, que recogió las variables generales: edad, sexo, nivel de escolaridad, ocupación, antecedentes patológicos personales, la colaboración de apoyo y para completar la valoración social se aplicó el Cuestionario de Funcionamiento Familiar. Resultados: el grupo de edad de 60 a 65 años tuvo más prevalencia, el 45,5 % estudió hasta la primaria terminada, seguidos de los de secundaria terminada con el 29,0 %. Los jubilados estuvieron representados en un 38,9 %, las principales enfermedades no transmisibles que prevalecieron fueron: la hipertensión arterial, la cardiopatía isquémica y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, el 40,4 % vivía solo, el 19,8 % tenía cuidador, el 14,5 % no recibían apoyo y el 9,9 % de los ancianos que se encontraban en probable estado de necesidad social. Conclusiones: un adulto mayor bien nutrido, querido, apoyado, con todas las necesidades básicas satisfechas, así como todas las enfermedades asociadas propias de esta etapa de la vida compensadas, tendrá en cualquier sociedad una mejor calidad de vida.

Abstract The essay analyses a recent ethnography on the repair and maintenance of motorcycles in Romania from the Second World War to the present day. Bearing in mind the very definition of the object, the analytical and conceptual premises of the anthropology of motorcycle culture, the methodological strategies that document it and some of the most significant particularities of the post-Soviet historical context and of “the post-repair society”, it is possible to rethink the apparently technical phenomenon of motorcycle mechanics as an authentic total social fact that modulates a set of geopolitical, economic, technical, identity, symbolic, aesthetic, age and gender variables. In addition, some lines of comparative exploration with other current studies on ethnomechanics, mobilities and particularly the contemporary dissemination of motorcycles in different cultural areas are proposed, which may shed light on the possible relational configurations between technology, environment and society.

Resumen Se analiza una etnografía reciente sobre la reparación y el mantenimiento de motocicletas en Rumania desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial a la actualidad. A partir del detalle de las premisas analíticas y conceptuales del estudio antropológico de la cultura motociclística, de los propios recortes del objeto, de las estrategias metodológicas para documentarlo y de algunas de las particularidades más significativas del escenario histórico de la modernidad postsoviética y “la sociedad de la post-reparación”, se argumenta que es posible repensar el fenómeno aparentemente técnico de la mecánica motociclística como un auténtico hecho social total que modula un set de variables geopolíticas, económicas, técnicas, identitarias, simbólicas, estéticas, etarias y de género. Finalmente, se proponen algunas líneas posibles de exploración comparativa con otros estudios actuales sobre etnomecánica, movilidades y en particular la difusión contemporánea de motocicletas en áreas culturales muy distintas entre sí, que echan luz sobre las configuraciones relacionales posibles entre tecnología, medioambiente y sociedad.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between caregiver burden, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve score, anxiety levels, and the perceived social support of the relatives of patients who had open heart surgery. METHODS: Volunteers among the relatives of patients who had open heart surgery in our cardiovascular surgery clinic and were followed up in the first 3 months were included in the study. The cardiovascular surgeons recorded the sociodemographic data of the relatives of the patients and directed them to a psychiatry clinic for further evaluation. The caregiver burden scale, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve scale, anxiety level scale, and perceived social support scale were applied to the relatives of the patients who participated in the study. RESULTS: Within the scope of the study, a total of 51 individuals, 29.4% (n=15) men and 70.6% (n=36) women, were included in the evaluation. The participants’ ages ranged from 32 to 68 years, with an average age of 48 years. There was a statistically significant relationship between the caregiving burden scale score and the scale scores other than age (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of caregiving burden scale score, working status, physical and psychological problems, changes in home life, and changes in family relationships (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The fact that the need for security and intimacy is related to anxiety and depression can be interpreted as the caregiving problems of the relatives of the patients who think that their patients are safe and feel closer to the intensive care personnel will decrease. Their depression and anxiety levels will also decrease. OBJECTIVE adaptation partnership growth affection METHODS evaluation RESULTS 5 individuals 294 29 4 29.4 n=15 n15 n 15 (n=15 706 70 6 70.6 n=36 n36 36 (n=36 women participants years p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) status life CONCLUSION decrease 2 29. n=1 n1 1 (n=1 7 70. n=3 n3 (n=3 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 n= (n= p0 p<0. (p<0.0 (n p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Papillary thyroid carcinoma, per se, is the most common type of thyroid cancer, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most frequent autoimmune disease of the papillon gland. The liaison between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid cancers is still an ongoing debate in thyroidology. The aim of the study was to discuss the frequency of the co-occurrence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: This study is designed as a retrospective analytical cohort study. The institutional database and archive of histopathology scanning identified the patients who had undergone thyroidectomy between January 2022 and January 2016. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences v21.0 program was used for statistical purposes. Descriptive and chi-square tests were applied, and a p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Of 498 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for 4 years, 99 (20%) were male and 399 (80%) were female. Of note, papillary thyroid carcinoma was revealed in 160 (32%) patients, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis was recognized in 178 (35.74%) patients. The prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma was 43.8%, while the prevalence in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 41.1%. CONCLUSION: A debate still remains on the propriety of these two phenomena. Herewith, we recognized a correlation between the presence of papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Providers should be vigilant about the coexistence of these phenomena. We might postulate the so-called total thyroidectomy for cases with a cytologic diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with a papillary thyroid carcinoma. As a matter of fact, this issue merits further investigation. OBJECTIVE se cancer Hashimotos Hashimoto s gland thyroidology cooccurrence co occurrence METHODS 202 2016 v210 v v21 0 v21. purposes chisquare chi square applied p005 p 05 p<0.0 significant RESULTS 49 years 9 20% 20 (20% 39 80% 80 (80% female note 16 32% 32 (32% 17 35.74% 3574 35 74 (35.74% 438 43 8 43.8% 411 41 1 41.1% CONCLUSION phenomena Herewith socalled so called fact investigation 201 v2 p00 p<0. 2 (20 3 (80 (32 35.74 357 7 (35.74 43.8 41.1 p0 p<0 (2 (8 (3 35.7 (35.7 43. 41. p< ( 35. (35. (35

Resumen: El aumento del uso de las redes sociales y su asociación con síntomas depresivos, especialmente en adultos jóvenes, ha generado la necesidad de comprender cómo se produce esta asociación como una forma de apoyar las políticas de reducción de daños y afecciones. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el efecto mediador de la adicción a las redes sociales y de la calidad del sueño en la asociación entre el tiempo de uso de las redes sociales y los síntomas depresivos en estudiantes universitarios brasileños. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con 2.823 estudiantes universitarios, quienes brindaron información respecto al tiempo de uso de las redes sociales, adicción a las redes sociales, síntomas depresivos y calidad del sueño. El análisis de mediación, ajustado por factores de confusión, se realizó por medio del software PROCESS para SPSS, para obtener el efecto total (c), directo (c’) e indirectos (EI1, EI2 y EI3). Los resultados identificaron una asociación entre el tiempo de uso de las redes sociales y los síntomas depresivos, mediada por adicción a las redes sociales (EI1 = 20%) y la calidad del sueño (EI1 = 40%). Los resultados permiten ampliar el conocimiento acerca de los mecanismos que influyen mutuamente en la relación entre tiempo de uso de las redes sociales y los síntomas depresivos, ayudando a adoptar estrategias para reducir los daños resultantes del uso excesivo de las redes sociales.

Abstract: Increase in time spent on social media and its association with depressive symptoms, especially among young adults, has generated the need to understand how this association occurs in order to support the development of policies to reduce harm and complications. In view of this fact, this study aimed to assess the mediating effect of social media addiction and sleep quality on the association between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms in Brazilian university students. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 2,823 university students, who provided information regarding time spent on social media, social media addiction, depressive symptoms and sleep quality. The mediation analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, was performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS to obtain the total (c), direct (c’), and indirect effects (EI1, EI2, and EI3). The results identified an association between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms, mediated by social media addiction (EI1 = 20%) and sleep quality (EI1 = 40%). These findings help expand knowledge about the mechanisms that mutually influence the relationship between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms, supporting the adoption of strategies to reduce harm resulting from excessive social media use.

Resumo: O aumento do uso de mídias sociais e sua associação com sintomas depressivos, especialmente em jovens adultos, tem gerado a necessidade do entendimento de como ocorre tal associação para subsidiar políticas de redução de danos e agravos. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou verificar o efeito mediador da dependência de mídias sociais e da qualidade do sono na associação entre o tempo de uso de mídias sociais e sintomas depressivos em universitários brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 2.823 universitários, que forneceram informações referentes ao tempo de uso de mídias sociais, à dependência de mídias sociais, aos sintomas depressivos e à qualidade do sono. A análise de mediação, ajustada por fatores de confusão, foi realizada por meio do software PROCESS para SPSS, para obtenção do efeito total (c), direto (c’) e indiretos (EI1, EI2 e EI3). Os resultados identificaram associação entre o tempo de uso de mídias sociais e os sintomas depressivos, mediada pela dependência de mídias sociais (EI1 = 20%) e pela qualidade do sono (EI1 = 40%). Os resultados permitem ampliar o conhecimento acerca dos mecanismos que influenciam mutuamente a relação entre o tempo de uso de mídias sociais e os sintomas depressivos, auxiliando na adoção de estratégias de redução de danos decorrentes do uso excessivo de mídias sociais.

Resumen: El aumento del uso de las redes sociales y su asociación con síntomas depresivos, especialmente en adultos jóvenes, ha generado la necesidad de comprender cómo se produce esta asociación como una forma de apoyar las políticas de reducción de daños y afecciones. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el efecto mediador de la adicción a las redes sociales y de la calidad del sueño en la asociación entre el tiempo de uso de las redes sociales y los síntomas depresivos en estudiantes universitarios brasileños. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con 2.823 estudiantes universitarios, quienes brindaron información respecto al tiempo de uso de las redes sociales, adicción a las redes sociales, síntomas depresivos y calidad del sueño. El análisis de mediación, ajustado por factores de confusión, se realizó por medio del software PROCESS para SPSS, para obtener el efecto total (c), directo (c’) e indirectos (EI1, EI2 y EI3). Los resultados identificaron una asociación entre el tiempo de uso de las redes sociales y los síntomas depresivos, mediada por adicción a las redes sociales (EI1 = 20%) y la calidad del sueño (EI1 = 40%). Los resultados permiten ampliar el conocimiento acerca de los mecanismos que influyen mutuamente en la relación entre tiempo de uso de las redes sociales y los síntomas depresivos, ayudando a adoptar estrategias para reducir los daños resultantes del uso excesivo de las redes sociales. Resumen jóvenes afecciones sentido brasileños transversal 2823 2 823 2.82 mediación confusión SPSS c, c , (c) (c’ EI1, EI1 EI EI3. EI3 . EI3) (EI 20% 20 40%. 40 40% 40%) 282 82 2.8 (c 4 28 8 2.

Abstract: Increase in time spent on social media and its association with depressive symptoms, especially among young adults, has generated the need to understand how this association occurs in order to support the development of policies to reduce harm and complications. In view of this fact, this study aimed to assess the mediating effect of social media addiction and sleep quality on the association between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms in Brazilian university students. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 2,823 university students, who provided information regarding time spent on social media, social media addiction, depressive symptoms and sleep quality. The mediation analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, was performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS to obtain the total (c), direct (c’), and indirect effects (EI1, EI2, and EI3). The results identified an association between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms, mediated by social media addiction (EI1 = 20%) and sleep quality (EI1 = 40%). These findings help expand knowledge about the mechanisms that mutually influence the relationship between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms, supporting the adoption of strategies to reduce harm resulting from excessive social media use. Abstract adults complications fact students crosssectional cross sectional 2823 2 823 2,82 analysis factors c, c , (c) (c’) EI1, EI1 EI EI2 EI3. EI3 . EI3) (EI 20% 20 40%. 40 40% 40%) use 282 82 2,8 (c (c’ 4 28 8 2,

Resumo: O aumento do uso de mídias sociais e sua associação com sintomas depressivos, especialmente em jovens adultos, tem gerado a necessidade do entendimento de como ocorre tal associação para subsidiar políticas de redução de danos e agravos. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou verificar o efeito mediador da dependência de mídias sociais e da qualidade do sono na associação entre o tempo de uso de mídias sociais e sintomas depressivos em universitários brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 2.823 universitários, que forneceram informações referentes ao tempo de uso de mídias sociais, à dependência de mídias sociais, aos sintomas depressivos e à qualidade do sono. A análise de mediação, ajustada por fatores de confusão, foi realizada por meio do software PROCESS para SPSS, para obtenção do efeito total (c), direto (c’) e indiretos (EI1, EI2 e EI3). Os resultados identificaram associação entre o tempo de uso de mídias sociais e os sintomas depressivos, mediada pela dependência de mídias sociais (EI1 = 20%) e pela qualidade do sono (EI1 = 40%). Os resultados permitem ampliar o conhecimento acerca dos mecanismos que influenciam mutuamente a relação entre o tempo de uso de mídias sociais e os sintomas depressivos, auxiliando na adoção de estratégias de redução de danos decorrentes do uso excessivo de mídias sociais. Resumo adultos agravos sentido brasileiros Tratase Trata se transversal 2823 2 823 2.82 mediação confusão SPSS c, c , (c) (c’ EI1, EI1 EI EI3. EI3 . EI3) (EI 20% 20 40%. 40 40% 40%) 282 82 2.8 (c 4 28 8 2.

Abstract Countryside education has an intrinsic relationship with agriculture, especially familiar/peasant agriculture due to its own origin: the struggles of popular social movements and peasant unions. This article aims to understand and elucidate data, syntheses and reflections on the dissonances and approximations between the relationships of different agricultural systems in Brazil regarding countryside education, based on bibliographical research. The methodology adopted is the Systematic Bibliographic Review of the Qualitative Metasynthesis type, whose data collection was done out on the CAFe/Capes portal for the period from 1998 to 2019. We based on complete scientific articles and the in-depth analyzes of fifteen articles, from a total of eighty-nine. We highlight as relevant the fact that there are criticisms of programs such as Pronacampo, Procampo and Escola Ativa due to the understanding that they: do not contribute enough to peasant agriculture and its demands; are discontinuous programs for Countryside education and not just, they are not a public policy; clear divergence between the interests of Countryside education /familiar and peasant farming with agribusiness; they allow business sectors to appropriate of the term Countryside education and programs focused; do not minimize the challenges to rural schools and universities to strengthening peasant struggles and territories. familiarpeasant familiar origin unions research type CAFeCapes CAFe Capes 199 2019 indepth depth eightynine. eightynine eighty nine. nine eighty-nine Pronacampo demands just policy agribusiness focused territories 19 201 1 20 2

Resumo A educação do campo possui uma relação intrínseca com a agricultura, em especial, a familiar/camponesa, devido a sua própria origem: as lutas dos movimentos sociais populares e sindicais camponeses. Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender e elucidar dados, sínteses e reflexões sobre as dissonâncias e aproximações entre as relações dos diferentes sistemas de agricultura no Brasil frente à educação do campo, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. A metodologia adotada é a Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática do tipo Metassíntese Qualitativa, cuja captura de dados foi efetuada no portal CAFe/Capes compreendendo o período de 1998 a 2019. Tivemos por base artigos científicos completos, e as análises aprofundadas foram de quinze artigos, de um total de 89. Destacamos como relevante o fato de surgirem críticas a Programas como o Pronacampo, o Procampo e o Escola Ativa, resultantes do entendimento de que: não contribuem o suficiente para a agricultura camponesa e suas demandas; são programas descontínuos para a educação do campo e não uma política pública; refletem nítida divergência entre os interesses da educação do campo/agricultura familiar e camponesa com os do agronegócio; permitem, a setores empresariais, a apropriação do termo “educação do campo” e de programas voltados a ela; não minimizam os desafios das escolas do campo e da Universidade relativos aos fortalecimento de lutas e de territórios do campesinato. especial familiarcamponesa familiar/camponesa origem camponeses bibliográfica Qualitativa CAFeCapes CAFe Capes 199 2019 completos 89 Pronacampo Ativa que demandas pública campoagricultura agronegócio permitem empresariais ela campesinato 19 201 8 1 20 2

Hierdie artikel fokus op die jaarlikse persoonlike inkomste enjaarlikse huishoudelike inkomste van Orania in 2021. Met die oog hierop is Orania se sosio-ekonomiese opname, waarvan die veldwerk in 2021 afgehandel is en waarvan die resultate in 2022 gepubliseer is, tesaam met die besigheidsopname van 2022 ontleed. Die Orania Sakekamer reik koopbewyse uit wat bekend staan as die ora en wat op 'n een-tot-een grondslag gekoppel is aan die Suid-Afrikaanse rand. Die ora word afgekort deur middel van die simbool "φ". Ora-koepons sirkuleer as 'n wettige betaalmiddel in die dorp, teen φ1,00 gelyk aan R1,00. Aangesien inwoners van Orania verkies om bedrae in ora te benoem en nie die rand nie, word die navorsingsbevindings hier in ora gerapporteer. Die totale jaarlikse persoonlike inkomste van die inwoners van Orania in 2021 is op sowat φ300 miljoen beraam. Per capita jaarlikse persoonlike inkomste vir die 2 377 inwoners word dus op sowat φ125 000 beraam. Hierteenoor word die jaarlikse inkomste van huishoudings in Orania in 2021 op sowat φ200 miljoen beraam, wat heelwat laer is as die beraming vir jaarlikse persoonlike inkomste vir dieselfde tydperk. Hierdie verskil in ramings kan nie met bestaande opnamedata verklaar word nie. Die ramings van die jaarlikse persoonlike inkomste en jaarlikse huishoudelike inkomste word gestaaf deur die data wat verkry is uit die Orania-besigheidsopname. Die omset van sake-ondernemings in Orania in 2021 word op φ281 950 000 beraam en sake-eienaars het gerapporteer dat 51 persent van hul omset afkomstig was vanuit inwoners van Orania. Daar is sekere opnamefoute in die data, terwyl bykomende inligting nodig is om die ramings te verbeter. Inligting oor die huishoudelike besparing en persoonlike inkomstebelasting wat betaal word, sal die ramings kan verbeter. Inligting oor die netto betaling van belasting op toegevoegde waarde (BTW) deur sake-ondernemings sal ook hiertoe bydra. Bykomende inligting is onder meer nodig om Orania se bruto geografiese produk te beraam. Die gevolgtrekking kan nogtans gemaak word dat die jaarlikse persoonlike inkomste en jaarlikse huishoudelike inkomste van Orania in 2021 tussen φ200 miljoen en φ300 miljoen beloop het. Die beraming laat 'n marge van 50 persent, wat statisties groot is, maar bied nietemin 'n maatstaf waarvolgens toekomstige bevindings oor dieselfde onderwerp met mekaar en met die bevindings uit die verlede vergelyk kan word. Daar moet ook tot die slotsom geraak word dat die groeivlak van Orania se persoonlike en huishoudelike inkomste sedert 1991, toe dit vir alle doeleindes op nul gestaan het, beduidend is.

Orania is situated on the southern bank of the Orange River in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. The closest towns are Hopetown, 43 kilometres to the north-west, Vanderkloof, 49 kilometers to the south-east, and Petrusville, 51 kilometers to the south-east. Orania is about 160 kilometres south of Kimberley. A unique aspect of Orania is that all inhabitants speak Afrikaans and are of the white population group. All business activities, education, social interaction and religious activities are conducted exclusively in Afrikaans. It is therefore described as an Afrikaner cultural enclave. Research on various aspects of Orania has been undertaken and published, but none to date has estimated the level of total economic activity in the town. This article addresses this gap in extant literature by focusing on the annual personal income and the annual household income of Orania in 2021, as based on data collected for the most recent sosio-economic and business surveys that had been completed for the town in December 2021 and early in 2022, respectively. At the time of these surveys, Orania'spopulation comprised 2 377 people, of which 1 635 were 20 years and older, and thus regarded as receiving of some sort of income. Simultaneously, Orania comprised 649 households and 220 businesses. The survey results are very complete, reporting data for 712 individuals of 20 years and older (43,5 per cent of the universum), 572 households (88,1 per cent of the universum) and all 220 businesses in Orania. Survey results with such a high response rate are uncommon. The Orania Sakekamer [chamber of commerce] issues vouchers linked on a one-to-one basis to the South African rand, known as the ora. The latter is abbreviated as φ and circulated as the legal tender in the town, at a rate of φ 1,00 equals to R1,00. Given the preference among Orania's inhabitants to refer to amounts in ora, rather than in rand, this article reports the research findings in ora, rather than in rand. Based on an analysis of the survey data, the total personal annual income of Orania's residents in 2021 was estimated at some φ 300 million. Per capita personal annual income for the 2 377 inhabitants was therefore estimated at some φ 125 000. This is about 20 per cent larger than South Africa's gross domestic product per capita of R102 982 in 2021. These results seem plausible, as Orania does not have an unempoyment problem, while South Africa's unemployment rate in 2021 exceeded 30 per cent. In contrast, the annual household income of households in Orania in 2021 was estimated to be some φ 200 million. This is considerably lower than the estimate for personal annual income for the same period. The difference in estimates cannot be explained in terms of the existing survey data. It can only be ascribed to differences in the interpretations of the questionnaires at the time of collecting the data. The estimates of annual personal income and annual household income show some correlation with the survey data obtained from the Orania business survey. Turnover of business enterprises in the town in 2021 is estimated at φ281 950 000, and business owners reported that 51 per cent of their turnover was generated by residents of Orania. There are some survey discrepancies as evidenced by the data, and additional information is needed to improve the estimates. Information on household savings and personal income tax paid will help improve the validity of the estimates. Information on net payment of value added tax (VAT) will also cause enhancement of their validity. In addition, more information is necessary to calculate Orania's gross geographic product. The conclusion must nonetheless be drawn that the annual personal income and annual household income of Orania in 2021 amounted to between φ200 million and φ300 million. The estimate leaves a margin of 50 percent, which is statistically considerable, while it nonetheless provides a benchmark for future comparison in research on the same subject. Finally, the fact that Orania'spersonal and household income grew to this level from virtually nothing in 1991 must be given its due: it is impressive.

Abstract: Prior to the pandemic of 2020, global tourism accounted for over ten percent of global GDP, for a total of $9.6 trillion USD; one in every four jobs created that year, across the globe, was in the travel and tourism sector.2 And yet the figure of the international tourist is often regarded with an attitude ranging from bemusement to outright contempt so much so that a series of books exists to guide tourists on how to avoid looking or acting like tourists.3 Why, though, is the figure of the tourist -especially the international tourist- so disreputable? Given the sheer number of such tourists (over 1.4 billion, in 2018 alone) it seems odd to think that there is something shameful or problematic about tourism as a practice. What accounts for our seeming disdain for the tourist, even as so many of us engage in tourism ourselves? There are, of course, many obvious answers to this question. The tourist -especially the international tourist- is often a figure of some wealth and privilege; that tourist is likely to be clumsy, at best, in his or her navigating of a foreign society; and he or she is often likely to be less careful in her caretaking of the physical and social spaces into which she travels, given the fact that she is as it were on vacation.4 These facts may be enough to engender some antipathy towards the tourist especially one who, as Jarvis Cocker noted thirty years ago, regards the local inhabitants as somehow amusing.5 Tourists are likely to be -as the British aphorism had it about American GIs- oversexed, overpaid, and over here. In this paper, though, I want to suggest a slightly different story for our ethical disquiet with the figure of the tourist. I will argue that the practice of international tourism raises two distinct sorts of ethical worries -both of which reflect the fact that international tourism requires a local industry in which cultural difference is curated and made consumable by the foreign tourist-. This fact may lead to ethical disquiet, I argue, because it can represent a site at which there is a maldistribution of the benefits and burdens of intercultural conversation; the local who works in the tourism industry must become adept at performing his or her culture for the outsider, while that outsider gains the benefits of intercultural conversation without bearing a similar burden of epistemic labor.6 A second reason for concern, however, stems from the ways in which this demand for epistemic labor can end up deforming and destabilizing local forms of citizenship and political agency. Those who spend their days performing a debased and simplified version of their cultural identity for outsiders may be, I believe, marked by that effort and their own ability to engage in political conversations with fellow local members may be made more difficult as a result. International tourism, in short, may be a site from which both distributive and political injustices might emerge. These concerns, I should note, may exacerbate already objectionable relationships reflecting colonial legacies of oppression; but they may exist even in the absence of any history of colonialism. The mere fact of a market in the curated experience of cultural difference may be enough to raise these worries; and international tourism, I believe, often involves exactly this form of market.

Resumen: Antes de la pandemia de 2020 el turismo mundial representaba más del 10% del PIB mundial, por un total de 9.6 billones de dólares estadounidenses; uno de cada cuatro puestos de trabajo creados ese año, en todo el mundo, pertenecía al sector de los viajes y el turismo. Y sin embargo, la figura del turista internacional se contempla a menudo con una actitud que oscila entre la perplejidad y el desprecio absoluto, hasta el punto de que existe una serie de libros para orientar a los turistas sobre cómo evitar parecer o actuar como turistas. ¿Por qué, pues, la figura del turista -especialmente la del turista internacional- está tan desprestigiada? Dado el ingente número de estos turistas (más de 1,400 millones, sólo en 2018), parece extraño pensar que hay algo vergonzoso o problemático en el turismo como práctica. ¿A qué se debe nuestro aparente desdén por el turista, incluso cuando muchos de nosotros hacemos turismo? Más allá de las respuestas obvias a esta pregunta, en este artículo quiero sugerir una historia ligeramente diferente sobre nuestra inquietud ética por la figura del turista. Así, sostendré que la práctica del turismo internacional suscita dos tipos distintos de preocupaciones éticas -ambas reflejan el hecho de que el turismo internacional requiere una industria local en la que la diferencia cultural se preserve y se haga consumible por el turista extranjero-. Un hecho que puede generar preocupaciones éticas. En síntesis, el turismo internacional puede ser un lugar del que pueden surgir injusticias tanto distributivas como políticas. Estas preocupaciones pueden exacerbar relaciones ya objetables que reflejan legados coloniales de opresión, aunque pueden existir incluso en ausencia de cualquier historia de colonialismo. El mero hecho de que exista un mercado en la experiencia de las diferencias culturales puede ser suficiente para suscitar estas preocupaciones, y el turismo internacional, creo, a menudo implica, exactamente, esta forma de mercado

Abstract Aim: The classification system in emergency rooms was implemented in all the emergency services of the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social around 2015, despite the fact that its usefulness and veracity have been questioned. The present study aimed to establish changes in the number of deaths and in mortality with the implementation of the Canadian Triage and Severity Scale. Methods: The records corresponding to the attentions of the Emergency Service from 2008 to 2022 were obtained and comparisons were made of the records before and after the implementation of the Canadian Triage and Severity Scale in March 2015. In total, the data referring to 1,351,091 consultations were taken into account, of which 733,318 occurred before the implementation of the scale. Both populations were compared with respect to temporal trends in deaths, stays in the service before death, mortality, and the relationship between deaths and monthly patient-hours. Results: A significant increase in deaths was found after the implementation of the Canadian Triage and Severity Scale by 19.8% (p<0.001). Mortality showed a continuous increase since 2012, however a normalization of the number of visits allowed us to observe an increase in mortality after but not before the implementation of the scale (p<0.02). The number of monthly deaths has not been shown to be related to the amount of monthly consults or monthly patient-hours. Conclusions: The implementation of the Canadian Triage and Severity Scale in the emergency room of a third level hospital in Costa Rica was related in the present study to an increase in deaths, without being related to indicators of service plethora.

Resumen Objetivo. El sistema de clasificación en servicios de emergencias fue implementado en todos los servicios de emergencias de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social alrededor del 2015, a pesar de que su utilidad y veracidad han sido cuestionadas. El presente estudio pretende establecer si existe una relación entre cambios en la cantidad de fallecimientos y en la mortalidad con la implementación de la Escala Canadiense de Clasificación y Severidad en los servicios de emergencias. Métodos. Se obtuvieron los registros correspondientes a las atenciones del Servicio de Emergencias del 2008 al 2022. Se realizó la comparación de los registros previos y posteriores a la implementación de la Escala Canadiense de Clasificación y Severidad en marzo del 2015. En total se tomaron en cuenta los datos referentes a 1 351 091 consultas, de las cuales 733 318 se dieron antes de la implementación de la escala canadiense de clasificación y severidad. Se compararon ambas poblaciones con respecto a tendencias temporales en fallecimientos, estancias en el servicio antes del fallecimiento, mortalidad y la relación entre fallecimientos y hora-paciente mensuales. Resultados. Se encontró un aumento significativo en los fallecimientos con la implementación de la Escala Canadiense de Clasificación y Severidad en un 19,8 % (p<0,001). La mortalidad en el servicio de emergencias mostró un aumento continuo desde el 2012. Sin embargo, una normalización del número de atenciones permitió observar un aumento de la mortalidad posterior, pero no previo a la implementación de la Escala Canadiense de Clasificación y Severidad (p<0,02). Por su parte, la cuantía de fallecimientos mensuales no ha mostrado relacionarse con cuantía de atenciones mensuales ni con hora-pacientes mensuales. Conclusión. La implementación de la Escala Canadiense de Clasificación y Severidad en el servicio de emergencias de un hospital de tercer nivel en Costa Rica se relacionó con un aumento en los fallecimientos, sin estar relacionado con indicadores de plétora del servicio.

Resumen 1Los hogares monoparentales se ven enfrentados a compatibilizar la generación de ingresos con las tareas de cuidado en el hogar, como la alimentación familiar, la cual se configura como un dominio clave en el bienestar. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este estudio buscó explorar los significados acerca de la satisfacción con la alimentación que tienen madres e hijos de familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina. A partir de un estudio de caso de método mixto, mediante la participación de 47 familias monoparentales de jefatura femenina, tanto madres como hijos adolescentes, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 10 y 17 años de edad, completaron individualmente una tarea de asociación de palabras con "estar satisfecho con mi alimentación" y una tarea de finalización de palabras con "estaría más satisfecho con mi alimentación si...". Los resultados evidenciaron que los significados de la satisfacción con la alimentación son atribuibles a la conceptualización formal del constructo y que no existiría diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las respuestas dadas por madres e hijos, en base a los determinantes de comportamiento en la alimentación. Así se concluyó que las similitudes en los significados, en torno a los determinantes que se identifican con la satisfacción con la alimentación y con los aspectos que podrían aumentarla, permiten constatar la influencia de la familia en las construcciones y significados que forman parte de la identidad individual y cultural de los adolescentes, lo cual se convierte en un insumo necesario para el diseño de prácticas y estrategias que propicien una mayor satisfacción con la alimentación.

Abstract Numerous female-headed single parent households face increased pressure when attempting to balance income generation with household responsibilities, such as family nutrition, which is critical given its greater influence on children's nutrition and diet quality (Hebestreit et al., 2017). This situation is critical in light of the fact that food is positioned as a critical domain of human well-being (Schnettler et al., 2014, 2017; Denegri et al., 2014, 2016). Satisfaction with food-related life is conceptualized as an individual's global cognitive evaluation of his or her diet (Grunert, Dean, Raats, Nielsen, y Lumbers, 2007); its formal definition is connected to other facets of life such as health, family, and social relationships (Grunert et al., 2007). According to the literature, satisfaction with food-related life is defined in terms of three primary determinants of eating behavior: the food consumed, the individual, and the diet's context (Köster, 2009). The purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of female-headed single-parent families and their meanings by examining the importance placed on the family as the first social space in which people construct and shape their social representations in various spheres of daily life (Moscovici, 1984). The overall objective is to investigate the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life for mothers and adolescent children in female-headed single-parent families. The specific objectives are to i) define the semantic entities of food satisfaction in relation to mothers and adolescent children, ii) identify factors that contribute to mothers' and adolescent children's food satisfaction, and iii) compare how mothers and adolescent children perceive their food satisfaction and the factors that contribute to it increasing. To accomplish these goals, a mixed case study research design was used. This entails combining quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to gain a better understanding of the research issues (Cresswell y Plano Clark, 2011). A total of 47 Chilean single-parent families with a female head of household participated in this study. It consists of a fee-paying mother that has at least one adolescent child between the ages of 10 and 17. The data collection method was an interview developed and tested in the Chilean population by Schnettler et al. (2020), based on a projective technique (Mesas y Escribano, 2018), in which mothers and adolescent children individually responded to the first words, terms, or phrases associated with the expression “being satisfied with my food-related life" with the goal of determining the meaning of satisfaction with food-related life. They were then asked to complete the sentence “I would be more satisfied with my food-related life if...”. In order to identify factors that could improve their satisfaction with food-related life. The data was textually analyzed by segmenting and coding it. Subsequently, by establishing conceptual relationships, categories and supracategories were generated deductively (Krippendorff, 2004). Following that, the information expressed in the results and plotted in frequency tables is synthesized and interpreted. The Chi-square test was used to compare mothers' and adolescent children's responses (Agresti, 1990). In conclusion, the findings indicate that the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life can be ascribed to the construct's formal conceptualization. Thus, this study provides evidence that the construct is valid. There were also similarities in the meanings of mothers and adolescent children when it came to the determinants associated with food satisfaction, as well as the factors that could increase their satisfaction with food-related life. This finding is critical for establishing the family's influence on the constructs and meanings associated with adolescents' cultural identities.

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is transcendental to study access to health in various fields and especially in populations in a state of vulnerability. Women inmates are considered a special population group, the sustained increase in the prison population, locally and globally, and the fact that the health problems of persons deprived of liberty tend to be more prevalent than that of the population in general, it raises the need and the challenge of designing and establishing special strategies in reference to the care models necessary to carry out the tasks of care, prevention, and health promotion within prisons. Objective: The objective of the study was to detect access to gynecologist-obstetric health services in penitentiary establishments in Peru during the year 2021. Methods: The study is descriptive, cross, was carried out in the penitentiary setting and covers all the penitentiary establishments in the regions of Peru with a female penitentiary population distributed throughout the Peruvian territory during the year 2021. For data collection, the secondary source documentary technique, the instrument in which the information collected was lost was the documentary file. Results: It was found that 13 women's prisons and 31 women's pavilions, of which only 15 (34.09%) have gynecologist-obstetric service, while 29 (35.91%) do not have gynecologist-obstetric service. Of the total prison population studied, 4,360 inmates, not all of them received at least one gynecologist-obstetrician care during the year 2021. Discussion: Access to gynecologist-obstetric services in the women's prison population in Peru is restricted, placing women deprived of their liberty in a situation of vulnerability.

RESUMEN Introducción: Resulta trascendental estudiar el acceso a la salud en diversos campos y sobre todo en poblaciones en estado de vulnerabilidad. Las mujeres internas se consideran un grupo de población especial, el aumento sostenido de la población penitenciaria, a nivel local y mundial, y el hecho de que los problemas de salud de las personas privadas de libertad suelen ser de mayor prevalencia que la de la población general, plantea la necesidad y el desafío de diseñar y establecer estrategias especiales en referencia a los modelos de atención necesarios para llevar a cabo las tareas de atención, prevención y promoción de la salud dentro de los establecimientos penitenciarios. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue diagnosticar el acceso a los servicios de la salud gineco-obstetra en los establecimientos penitenciarios del Perú durante el año 2021. Metodología: El estudio tiene carácter descriptivo, transversal, se realizó en el ámbito penitenciario y abarca todos los establecimientos penitenciarios de las regiones del Perú con población penitenciaria femenina distribuidas en el territorio peruano durante el año 2021. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó la técnica documental de fuente secundaria, el instrumento en el cual se registró la información recogida fue la ficha documental. Resultados: Se encontró que, de 13 establecimientos penitenciarios de mujeres y 31 pabellones de mujeres, solo 15 (34,09 %) cuentan con servicio gineco-obstetra, mientras que 29 (65,91 %) no cuentan con servicio gineco-obstetra. Del total de la población penitenciaria estudiada (4360) internas, no todas recibieron al menos una atención gineco-obstetra durante el año 2021 Discusión: El acceso a los servicios gineco-obstetras en la población penitenciaria de mujeres del Perú se muestra restringida, colocando en situación de vulnerabilidad a las mujeres privadas de su libertad.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo a revisão de trabalhos científicos publicados sobre a hanseníase como problema de saúde pública no Brasil e o marcador de vulnerabilidade para os portadores da enfermidade. Foi realizada uma scoping review com o descritor “hanseníase AND vulnerabilidade” na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram selecionados 29 artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2016 e dezembro de 2020 que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados apontaram para trabalhos científicos publicados em revistas indexadas e com diferentes fatores de impacto, com destaque para a maioria das publicações selecionadas constarem em periódicos com métricas de impacto pouco significativas aos olhos da comunidade internacional, ainda que elas tenham impacto nacional. A maioria dos estudos teve abrangência municipal, com destaque para cidades do Norte e do Nordeste brasileiro. Os trabalhos trataram a vulnerabilidade na hanseníase utilizando distintas tipologias.

Abstract The objective of this work was to review published scientific works on leprosy as a public health problem in Brazil, and the marker of vulnerability for people with the disease. A scoping review was carried out with the descriptor ‘leprosy AND vulnerability’, on the Virtual Health Library (BVS) database. A total of 29 articles published between January 2016 and December 2020 that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The results pointed to scientific papers published in indexed journals and with different impact factors, with emphasis on the fact that most of the selected publications appear in journals with impact metrics that are not very significant in the eyes of the international community, even though they have national impact. The majority of the studies had municipal coverage, with emphasis on cities in the North and Northeast of Brazil. The works addressed vulnerability in leprosy using different typologies.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo a revisão de trabalhos científicos publicados sobre a hanseníase como problema de saúde pública no Brasil e o marcador de vulnerabilidade para os portadores da enfermidade. Foi realizada uma scoping review com o descritor “hanseníase AND vulnerabilidade” na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram selecionados 29 artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2016 e dezembro de 2020 que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados apontaram para trabalhos científicos publicados em revistas indexadas e com diferentes fatores de impacto, com destaque para a maioria das publicações selecionadas constarem em periódicos com métricas de impacto pouco significativas aos olhos da comunidade internacional, ainda que elas tenham impacto nacional. A maioria dos estudos teve abrangência municipal, com destaque para cidades do Norte e do Nordeste brasileiro. Os trabalhos trataram a vulnerabilidade na hanseníase utilizando distintas tipologias.

Abstract The objective of this work was to review published scientific works on leprosy as a public health problem in Brazil, and the marker of vulnerability for people with the disease. A scoping review was carried out with the descriptor ‘leprosy AND vulnerability’, on the Virtual Health Library (BVS) database. A total of 29 articles published between January 2016 and December 2020 that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The results pointed to scientific papers published in indexed journals and with different impact factors, with emphasis on the fact that most of the selected publications appear in journals with impact metrics that are not very significant in the eyes of the international community, even though they have national impact. The majority of the studies had municipal coverage, with emphasis on cities in the North and Northeast of Brazil. The works addressed vulnerability in leprosy using different typologies.