ABSTRACT Currently with a more demanding market, is necessary to produce better and high physiological quality cultivars of soybeans. In front of this new challenge, our objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of 11 soybean cultivars: CD201, SYN1263, SYN1279, BMX, UFLA1, CA115, CD215, CD202, Conquista, Savana, and BRS820 storage for 12 months. Evaluations were conducted through physiological like germination and vigor (accelerated aging and controlled deterioration) and isoenzymes analysis. The seeds were stored under controlled conditions at 10 °C and 10% relative humidity. It was assessed every four months (0, 4, 8, and 12). 200 seeds per treatment were used for each test, divided into 4 replications of 50 seeds. The number of normal plants was evaluated on the fifth and seventh days, expressed as a percentage value. Isoenzyme analysis of MDH, ADH, Esterase, and Catalase was made. The results were interpreted from the presence or absence of bands in the gel. An experimental design in randomized complete blocks, interpreting data using analysis of variance in a factorial scheme 11 x 4 (11 cultivars and 4 times of storage and averages compared by the test Scott-Knott 5% of probability and regression analysis. The statistical program used was Sisvar®. We found that cultivars Savana and Conquista showed low physiological quality, and the cultivars CD 215 and BMX showed high physiological quality during storage. market soybeans challenge 1 CD201 SYN1263 SYN SYN1279 UFLA1 UFLA CA115 CA CD215 CD202 BRS BRS82 accelerated deterioration C humidity 0, 0 (0 8 12. . 12) 20 5 days value MDH ADH Esterase made gel blocks (1 ScottKnott Scott Knott Sisvar Sisvar® 21 CD20 SYN126 SYN127 CA11 CD21 BRS8 ( 2 CD2 SYN12 CA1 SYN1

Resumen Introducción. El mildiu de la quinua es una enfermedad que ocasiona pérdidas económicas y que ha sido poco estudiada, por lo que la investigación de la respuesta de la quinua a la enfermedad y las formas de tratamiento es un tema que debe investigarse con mayor profundidad. Objetivo. Describir cómo afecta la infección del mildiu velloso en la planta de la quinua y los métodos no tradicionales empleados en el control de esta enfermedad. Desarrollo. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática a fin de realizar una recopilación de los resultados asociados al P. variabilis en la quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) en diversas condiciones. El análisis determinó que factores como la incidencia, la severidad y la tolerancia a la enfermedad del mildiu, dependieron en gran medida de la variedad de grano de quinua y la altitud (con sus condiciones climáticas). La altura de la planta y el rendimiento por hectárea estuvieron influenciados por las condiciones del suelo, el tratamiento empleado contra plagas y patógenos, y el día de siembra. Conclusiones. La incidencia y la severidad del mildiu velloso dependió de la variedad de la quinua con la que se trabajó. Otros factores como la altitud o la humedad también influyeron en el progreso de la enfermedad, con una infección cercana al 90 % en ambientes con alta humedad. Los métodos no convencionales para tratar el mildiu fueron infusiones de plantas como la manzanilla y el ajo, con resultados positivos a corto plazo; no obstante, no superaron a los tratamientos convencionales con fungicidas químicos.

Abstract Introduction. Quinoa downy mildew is a disease that causes economic losses and has been poorly studied.Therefore, researching quinoa’s response to the disease and treatment methods is a topic that requires further investigation. Objective. To describe how downy mildew infection affects quinoa plants and the non-traditional methods used to control this disease. Development. A systematic search was conducted to compile the results associated with P. variabilis in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) under various conditions. The analysis determined that factors such as incidence, severity, and disease tolerance depended largely on the quinoa grain variety and altitude (along with its climatic conditions). Plant height and yield per hectare were influenced by soil conditions, pest and disease treatment, and the planting day. Conclusions. The incidence and severity of downy mildew depended on the quinoa variety used. Other factors such as altitude or humidity also influenced disease progression, with infection rates close to 90 % in high humidity environments. Non-conventional methods for treating downy mildew included plant infusions such as chamomile and garlic, showing positive short-term results; however, they did not surpass conventional treatments with chemical fungicides.

Resumen Introducción. El garbanzo se consideró durante muchos años una especie de hospedero restringido para la nodulación, aunque estudios recientes describen una mayor diversidad bacteriana asociada al cultivo que permita incrementar los conocimientos acerca de esta simbiosis para obtener aislados eficientes en su contribución. Objetivo. Caracterizar e identificar un aislado obtenido a partir de nódulos de plantas de garbanzo y evaluar su efectividad en condiciones de campo. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se desarrolló en los laboratorios de dos centros: Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical “Alejandro de Humboldt”, Cuba y en el Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, México, así como en condiciones campo en dos campañas durante los años 2018 y 2020, para demostrar su efectividad en la interacción del cultivo en el primer centro. El aislado R3 se identificó a nivel taxonómico mediante la secuenciación de cuatro genes. Para los experimentos en condiciones de laboratorio se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, mientras que los ensayos con plantas se realizaron bajo un diseño de bloques al azar. Los resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza y las medias se compararon según el test de Tukey (p < 0,05). Resultados. El aislado R3 mostró variabilidad en cuanto a sus características morfo-fisiológico y bioquímicas. Además, tuvo respuesta con diferencias significativas con respecto al resto de los tratamientos en los indicadores de crecimiento y rendimiento evaluados en el garbanzo. Conclusión. Se identificó por primera vez en Cuba Rhizobium pusense asociado a nódulos de garbanzo. La cepa mostró un crecimiento positivo a pH entre 5,5 y 9,0 y rangos de temperatura desde 29 ºC hasta 38 ºC, lo que evidencia su tolerancia a estos factores. Su inoculación en garbanzo estimuló la formación de nódulos e incrementó variables del rendimiento.

Abstract Introduction. Chickpea has been considered a restricted host species for nodulation, although recent studies describe a greater bacterial diversity associated with the crop to increase the knowledge about this symbiosis in orden to obtain efficient isolates in its contribution. Objective. To characterize and identify an isolate obtained from chickpea plant nodules and evaluate its effectiveness under field conditions. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in the laboratories of two centers: the Institute of Fundamental Research in Tropical Agriculture “Alejandro de Humboldt,” Cuba, and the National Center for Genetic Resources, Mexico, as well as under field conditions in two campaigns during the years 2018 and 2020 to demonstrate its effectiveness in crop interaction in the first center. The isolate R3 was taxonomically identified through the sequencing of four genes. For laboratory experiments, a completely randomized design was used, while plant trials were conducted under a randomized block design. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared using the Tukey test (p<0.05). Results. The isolate R3 showed variability in terms of its morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics. Furthermore, it exhibited significant differences compared to the other treatments in the growth and yield indicators evaluated in chickpea. Conclusions. Rhizobium pusense associated with chickpea nodules was identified for the first time in Cuba. The strain demonstrates growth at pH levels between 5.5 and 9.0 and temperature ranges from 29 °C to 38 °C, indicating its tolerance to these factors. Its inoculation in chickpea stimulates nodule formation and increased yield-related variables.

Resumo: A doença de von Willebrand adquirida (EVW acq, AVWS) é um distúrbio hemorrágico adquirido raro com características clínicas e laboratoriais semelhantes à doença de von Willebrand congênita. Associado a doenças hemato-oncológicas, autoimunes, cardiovasculares e tumores sólidos. As gamopatias monoclonais constituem um grupo heterogêneo de distúrbios caracterizados pela proliferação de linfócitos B nos últimos estágios de maturação ou plasmócitos que preservam a capacidade de produzir uma imunoglobulina monoclonal (Ig) ou um de seus componentes. Como consequência, ocorre o aparecimento de uma paraproteína ou componente M (CM) no soro e/ou na urina, que serão formados pela mesma cadeia pesada ou leve, e por regiões variáveis idênticas. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 57 anos, que apresentava um síndroma hemorrágico, alteração da crase na sua via intrínseca, onde é diagnosticada Doença de Von Willebrand Adquirida secundária a Mieloma Múltiplo. O tratamento visava estancar o sangramento, prevenir complicações e abordar prontamente a patologia hemato-oncológica subjacente. Para sua abordagem, exigiu a realização de plasmaférese terapêutica que teve papel de ação terapêutica precoce e efetiva com excelente tolerância. Diante do diagnóstico, rapidamente foi iniciada poliquimioterapia, sendo este paciente candidato a transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. O objetivo da apresentação deste caso clínico é realçar a importância de um diagnóstico correto e atempado face à suspeita clínica de uma coagulopatia secundária a uma doença hemato-oncológica subjacente. Portanto, enfatizamos a abordagem multidisciplinar.

Resumen: La Enfermedad de Von Willebrand adquirida (EVW adquirida) es un trastorno hemorrágico adquirido poco frecuente, con características clínicas y de laboratorio similares a la Enfermedad de Von Willebrand congénita. Asociándose con enfermedades hemato-oncológicas, autoinmunes, cardiovasculares y tumores sólidos. Las gammapatías monoclonales constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos caracterizados por la proliferación de linfocitos B en los últimos estadios madurativos o células plasmáticas que preservan la capacidad de producir una inmunoglobulina (Ig) monoclonal o alguno de sus componentes. Como consecuencia, se produce la aparición de una paraproteína o componente M (CM) en suero y/o orina que estará formado por la misma cadena pesada o ligera, y por regiones variables idénticas. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 57 años, que se presenta con un síndrome hemorragíparo, alteración de la crasis en su vía intrínseca, donde se diagnostica EVW adq secundaria a Mieloma Múltiple (MM) con CM IgM 5,9 g/dl. El tratamiento tuvo como objetivos detener el sangrado, prevenir complicaciones y abordar precozmente la patología hemato-oncológica causante. Para su abordaje requirió la realización de recambios plasmáticos terapéuticos (RPT) que tuvieron un rol de acción terapéutica temprana y eficaz con excelente tolerancia. Ante el diagnóstico se inició rápidamente poliquimioterapia siendo ésta una paciente candidata a trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos. El objetivo de la presentación de este caso clínico es destacar la importancia de un correcto y oportuno diagnóstico ante la sospecha clínica de una coagulopatía secundaria a una enfermedad hemato-oncológica subyacente. Por lo que hacemos énfasis en el abordaje multidisciplinario.

Abstract: Acquired von Willebrand disease (AVWS) is a rare acquired bleeding disorder with clinical and laboratory features similar to congenital von Willebrand disease. Associated with hemato-oncological, autoimmune, cardiovascular diseases and solid tumors. Monoclonal gammopathies constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the proliferation of B lymphocytes in the last stages of maturation or plasma cells that preserve the capacity to produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) or one of its components. As a consequence, the appearance of a paraprotein or M component (CM) occurs in serum and/or urine, which will be formed by the same heavy or light chain, and by identical variable regions. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman, who presented with a hemorrhagic parous syndrome, alteration of the crasis in its intrinsic way, where Acquired Von Willebrand Disease secondary to Multiple Myeloma is diagnosed. Treatment was aimed at stopping the bleeding, preventing complications, and promptly addressing the underlying hemato-oncological pathology. For its approach, it required the performance of therapeutic plasma exchanges that had a role of early and effective therapeutic action with excellent tolerance. Given the diagnosis, polychemotherapy was quickly started, this patient being a candidate for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The objective of presenting this clinical case is to highlight the importance of a correct and timely diagnosis in the face of clinical suspicion of a coagulopathy secondary to an underlying hemato-oncological disease. Therefore, we emphasize the multidisciplinary approach.

ABSTRACT Soil contamination with toxic metals brings along severe environmental issues. Among these metals, copper (Cu) is harmful to plant development when it reaches high contamination levels in the soil. Thus, identifying species capable of resisting this contamination type helps these sites’ revegetation and decontamination processes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the tolerance of Cedrela fissilis plants to excess Cu through morphophysiological and biochemical variables. C. fissilis seedlings were subjected to five concentrations of Cu (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four repetitions. Morphophysiological (number of leaves, shoot height, root length, dry weight, morphological variables of the root system, and leaf area) and biochemical (antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and photosynthetic pigments) traits and Cu accumulated in roots and shoot were evaluated. High concentrations of Cu had a negative effect on the shoot and root dry weight, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Overall, Cu increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, Cu incidence in the nutrient solution has negatively influenced the biochemical and physiological traits of C. fissilis seedlings to the detriment of their growth. Thus, it was possible to identify sensitive behavior by the investigated species. Because of these features, C. fissilis seedlings can be used as markers for copper-contaminated areas. issues (Cu soil Thus sites processes Therefore C 0, 0 (0 2 4 6 L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) randomized repetitions number leaves height length weight system area peroxidation concentration pigments evaluated rate conductance Overall growth features coppercontaminated contaminated areas ( L-1 L-

RESUMO A contaminação do solo com metais tóxicos traz consigo graves problemas ambientais. Dentre esses metais, o cobre (Cu) é prejudicial ao desenvolvimento das plantas quando atinge elevados níveis de contaminação no solo. Assim, identificar espécies capazes de resistir a esse tipo de contaminação auxilia nos processos de revegetação e descontaminação desses locais. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a tolerância de plantas de Cedrela fissilis ao excesso de Cu através de variáveis morfofisiológicas e bioquímicas. Mudas de C. fissilis foram submetidas a cinco concentrações de Cu (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 mg L-1). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Características morfofisiológicas (número de folhas, altura da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, massa seca, variáveis morfológicas do sistema radicular e área foliar) e bioquímicas (enzimas antioxidantes, peroxidação lipídica, concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio e pigmentos fotossintéticos) e Cu acumulado nas raízes e folhas foram avaliados. Altas concentrações de Cu tiveram efeito negativo no peso seco da parte aérea e das raízes, na taxa fotossintética, na condutância estomática e na taxa transpiratória. No geral, o Cu aumentou a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e a peroxidação lipídica. Portanto, a incidência de Cu na solução nutritiva influenciou negativamente as características bioquímicas e fisiológicas das mudas de C. fissilis em detrimento do seu crescimento. Assim, foi possível identificar o comportamento sensível da espécie investigada. Devido a essas características, mudas de C. fissilis podem ser utilizadas como bioindicadoras de áreas contaminadas por cobre. ambientais (Cu Assim locais Portanto C 0, 0 (0 2 4 L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) casualizado repetições número raiz seca foliar lipídica fotossintéticos avaliados fotossintética transpiratória geral crescimento investigada ( L-1 L-

ABSTRACT Potassium is a nutrient with the potential to increase plant tolerance to salt stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of kale subjected to salt stress and potassium concentrations in a protected environment. The experimental design was in split plots, with plots composed of five nutrient solutions (control treatment, S1 - standard nutrient solution prepared in low-salinity water, 0.5 dS m-1 (500 mg L-1 of KNO3), and four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish waters (3.5 dS m-1) containing four concentrations of KNO3 (S2 - 500 mg L-1, S3 - 625 mg L-1, S4 - 750 mg L-1, S5 - 1,000 mg L-1), and subplots represented by two leaf kale cultivars (Manteiga and Manteiga da Geórgia). Leaf production variables and post-harvest physical and chemical qualities were evaluated. The saline nutrient solution with the addition of NaCl (S2) reduced production but did not reduce the post-harvest quality of kale. The extra addition of KNO3 at 25% (S3) was efficient in reducing the deleterious effects of salt stress on the variables leaf length, leaf area, leaf production, and number of bunches. The cv. Manteiga da Geórgia was more tolerant to salt stress than the cv. Manteiga. environment control treatment S lowsalinity low salinity water 05 0 5 0. m1 m 1 m- (50 L1 L L- KNO3, KNO , KNO3) 3.5 35 3 (3. S2 (S 50 L1, 1, 62 75 1000 000 1,00 L-1) Geórgia. . Geórgia) postharvest post harvest evaluated 25 (S3 length area bunches cv (5 3. (3 6 7 100 00 1,0 2 ( 10

RESUMO O potássio é um nutriente com potencial para aumentar a tolerância das plantas ao estresse salino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade da couve submetida ao estresse salino e às concentrações de potássio em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em parcela subdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas por cinco soluções nutritivas (tratamento controle, S1 - solução nutritiva padrão usando água de baixa salinidade, 0,5 dS m-1 (500 mg L-1 de KNO3), e quatro soluções nutritivas preparadas em águas salobras (3,5 dS m-1) contendo quatro concentrações de KNO3 (S2 - 500 mg L-1, S3 - 625 mg L-1, S4 - 750 mg L-1, S5 - 1.000 mg L-1). As subparcelas foram representadas por duas cultivares de couve folha (Manteiga e Manteiga da Geórgia). Foram avaliadas as variáveis de produção de folhas e qualidades físicas e químicas pós-colheita. A solução nutritiva salinizada com adição de NaCl (S2) reduziu a produção, mas não reduziu a qualidade pós-colheita da couve folha. A adição extra de KNO3 em 25% (S3) foi eficiente para reduzir o efeito deletério do estresse salino sobre as variáveis comprimento de folha, área foliar, produção e número de maços. A cv. Manteiga da Geórgia se mostrou mais tolerante ao estresse salino que a cv. Manteiga. protegido subdivididas tratamento controle S salinidade 05 0 5 0, m1 m 1 m- (50 L1 L L- KNO3, KNO , KNO3) 3,5 35 3 (3, S2 (S 50 L1, 1, 62 75 1000 000 1.00 L1. . L-1) Geórgia. Geórgia) póscolheita. póscolheita pós colheita. colheita 25 (S3 foliar maços cv (5 3, (3 6 7 100 00 1.0 2 ( 10 1.

Abstract: There is evidence of the high use of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam, in tropical crops, for its effectiveness in the control of soil and plant pests. The objective of this study was to know the residuality and concentration of thiamethoxam in the papaya agroecosystem, in the main papaya fruit producing zone in the central area of the Gulf of Mexico. It was carried out during a papaya growing cycle with watermelon rotation; the taking of samples was according to the technique established by the NOM -AA-103-1988 for leaves and for fruit the NMX -FF-041-1996 by the method of quartering in papaya and watermelon, the samples were analyzed with a HPLC-UV, the data obtained were statistically analyzed by parametric and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. The presence of thiamethoxam was found in papaya and watermelon cultivation plants, the concentrations in papaya leaves reported a maximum value of 0.29 mg/kg, while for the leaves of the watermelon rotation fruit it was 0.15 mg/kg. In papaya fruit, thiamethoxam concentrations are within a range of 0.24 to 0.32 mg/kg. The concentrations and residuality of thiamethoxam mainly exceed the maximum tolerance and residuality limits of the EFSA and FAO.

Resumen: Existe evidencia del alto uso del insecticida neonicotinoide thiamethoxam en los cultivos tropicales por su efectividad en el control de plagas del suelo y la planta. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la residualidad y concentración del thiamethoxam en el agroecosistema de papaya en la principal zona productora de este fruto de la zona centro del Golfo de México. Este estudio se realizó durante un ciclo de cultivo de papaya con rotación de sandía; la toma de muestras se hizo según la técnica establecida por la NOM-AA-103-1988 para hojas y para fruta la NMX-FF-041-1996 mediante el método de cuarteo en papaya y sandia. Las muestras se analizaron con un equipo HPLC-UV, y los datos obtenidos se analizaron estadísticamente mediante pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas de Kruskal- Wallis. Se encontró la presencia de thiamethoxam en la planta del cultivo de papaya y sandía. Las concentraciones en hojas de papaya reportaron como valores más altos 0.29 mg/kg, mientras que para las hojas del fruto de rotación de la sandía fue de 0.15 mg/kg. En el fruto de papaya, las concentraciones de thiamethoxam estuvieron dentro de un rango de 0.24 a 0.32 mg/kg. Las concentraciones y residualidad del thiamethoxam superan principalmente los límites máximos de tolerancia y residualidad de la EFSA y la FAO.

ABSTRACT Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) is a sensitive fruit crop to salinity. One of the alternatives to minimize the deleterious effects of salt stress is adopting mineral fertilization management practices, promoting increased crop tolerance to salts. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate NPK doses to mitigate salt stress in custard apple seedlings irrigated with saline wastewater. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse, adopting a randomized block design in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to three irrigation waters (local-supply water of 0.53 dS m-1 electrical conductivity (control); desalination reject of 3.5 dS m-1; fish farming effluent of 3.5 dS m-1) and five proportions of the NPK recommendation (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of the fertilization recommendation), with four replicates. The growth, biomass accumulation, and nutrients were evaluated. Irrigation with desalination reject, and fish farming effluent restricted the growth of custard apple seedlings, regardless of the NPK dose used. The ionic homeostasis of seedlings irrigated with desalination reject and fish farming effluent is optimized by fertilization with 50% of the NPK recommendation corresponding to 50, 150, and 75 mg of N, P2O5, and K2O dm-3, respectively. For the production of seedlings irrigated with local-supply water, the dose of 75% NPK, corresponding to 75, 225, and 112.5 mg of N, P2O5, and K2O dm-3, respectively, is recommended. Annona L. L salinity practices salts Therefore wastewater greenhouse scheme localsupply local supply 053 0 53 0.5 m1 m 1 m- control (control) 35 3. 25, 25 (25 50 100 125 recommendation, , recommendation) replicates accumulation evaluated used 150 7 N P2O5 PO P O KO K dm3, dm3 dm 3, dm-3 respectively 225 1125 112 112. recommended 05 0. (control 2 (2 10 12 15 P2O dm- 22 11 (

RESUMO A pinheira (Annona squamosa L.) é uma frutífera sensível à salinidade. Uma das alternativas para minimizar os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino é a adoção de práticas de manejo da fertilização mineral, promovendo o aumento da tolerância da cultura aos sais. Portanto, o objetivo foi avaliar as doses de NPK para mitigar o estresse salino em mudas de pinheira irrigadas com água residual salina. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 × 5, correspondendo a três águas de irrigação (água de abastecimento local de 0,53 dS m-1 de condutividade elétrica (controle); rejeito salino da dessalinização de 3,50 dS m-1; efluente de piscicultura de 3,50 dS m-1) e cinco proporções da recomendação de NPK (25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da recomendação de fertilização), com quatro repetições. O crescimento, acúmulo de biomassa e nutrientes foram avaliados. A irrigação com rejeito salino e efluente de piscicultura restringe o crescimento das mudas de pinha, independentemente da dose de NPK utilizada. A homeostase iônica das mudas irrigadas com rejeito salino e efluente de piscicultura é otimizada pela fertilização com 50% da recomendação de NPK correspondente a 50, 150 e 75 mg de N, P2O5 e K2O dm-3, respectivamente. Para a produção de mudas irrigadas com água de abastecimento local, recomenda-se a dose de 75% de NPK, correspondente a 75, 225 e 112,5 mg de N, P2O5 e K2O dm-3, respectivamente. Annona L. L salinidade mineral sais Portanto salina vegetação casualizados 5 053 0 53 0,5 m1 m 1 m- controle (controle) 350 50 3,5 25, 25 (25 10 125 fertilização, , fertilização) repetições avaliados pinha utilizada 15 7 N PO P P2O KO K dm3, dm3 dm 3, dm-3 respectivamente recomendase recomenda se 22 1125 112 112, 05 0, (controle 35 2 (2 12 dm- 11 (

RESUMEN Introducción: el SARS-CoV-2 desde el 2020 generó innumerables desafíos. El decúbito prono se utilizó para mejorar la oxigenación, y la terapia nutricional se adaptó para cubrir los requerimientos y reducir complicaciones. Objetivos: evaluar la tolerancia de la nutrición enteral y su adecuación energética en pacientes ventilados en decúbito prono con infección por SARS-CoV-2, en sala respiratoria del Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos Adultos del Hospital de Clínicas-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Asunción, de marzo a julio 2021. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, de casos consecutivos, con información obtenida de fichas de pacientes de terapia intensiva, que recibieron soporte nutricional en posición prona. Se tomaron datos demográficos, clínicos y nutricionales. Se evaluó la tolerancia nutricional durante la posición prona, definiéndola como la presencia de un volumen de residuo gástrico < 500 mL cada 6 h.. La adecuación energética fue determinada teniendo en cuenta el porcentaje cumplido de la prescripción nutricional. Resultados: se reclutaron 41 pacientes. El 60,9 % eran hombres; la mediana de edad fue 55 años (RIC=23). Las principales comorbilidades fueron obesidad (57,3 %) e hipertensión arterial (43,9 %). El 85,4 % presentó buena tolerancia gástrica en posición prono, con residuo gástrico menor a 500 ml. El porcentaje de adecuación energética fue de 84 %. Conclusión: la terapia nutricional enteral en decúbito prono fue bien tolerada por la mayoría de nuestros pacientes, posibilitando alcanzar los requerimientos nutricionales indicados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 since 2020 has generated countless challenges. Prone position was used to improve oxygenation, and nutritional therapy was adapted to meet requirements and reduce complications. Objectives: evaluate the tolerance of enteral nutrition and its energetic adequacy in ventilated patients in the prone position with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the respiratory room of the Adult Intensive Care Department of the Hospital de Clínicas - Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Asunción, from March to July 2021. Methodology: observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study of consecutive cases, with information obtained from records of intensive care patients, who received nutritional support in a prone position. Demographic, clinical and nutritional data were taken. Nutritional tolerance was evaluated during the prone position, defining it as the presence of a volume of gastric residue < 500 mL every 6 h. Energy adequacy was determined taking into account the percentage fulfilled of the nutritional prescription. Results: 41 patients were recruited. 60.9 % were men; the median age was 55 years (IQR=23). The main comorbidities were obesity (57.3 %) and high blood pressure (43.9 %). 85.4 % had good gastric tolerance in the prone position, with gastric residue less than 500 ml. The percentage of energy adequacy was 84 %. Conclusion: enteral nutritional therapy in the prone position was well tolerated by the majority of our patients, making it possible to achieve the indicated nutritional requirements.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem. Its most serious manifestation, chronic kidney failure, affects the Cuban context and determines the growth of patients on hemodialysis. The objective of the text is to evaluate the main results of the diagnosis and characterization of the problematic situation in a psychosocial study with patients with Chronic Renal Failure in the Hemodialysis room of the Florida municipality, of the county of Camagüey. Method: It is an experimental participatory action research, which takes place between January 2023 and December 2024, which constitutes the output of the research project System of psychosocial actions for the improvement of comprehensive care for patients with non-communicable diseases. The universe is made up of 56 patients and the sample is made up of 22, who receive purifying and conservative treatment, 22 family members and 12 service professionals. The research instrument par excellence was the participant survey. Results: The age of the patients is not definitive of an age group; men predominate; A high percentage of patients are found to have low tolerance for adherence to treatment and insufficient development of psychosocial skills and declare the need to possess knowledge to achieve health states that lead to survival. Discussion: There is no coincidence with what was found in the determination of the prevalence age groups for the disease, but specialists insist that the disease is not exclusive to a specific period of life; recognize the importance of the patient's knowledge of risk factors for prevention, promotion and health education and highlight the need for communication and empathy between health personnel and the patient, to achieve favorable results and emotional states in the face of the disease and treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica es un problema de salud a nivel mundial, su manifestación más grave, la insuficiencia renal crónica, incide en el contexto cubano y determina el crecimiento de pacientes en hemodiálisis. El objetivo del texto es valorar los principales resultados del diagnóstico y caracterización de la situación problémica en un estudio de carácter psicosocial con pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica en la sala de Hemodiálisis del municipio Florida, de la provincia de Camagüey. Método: Es una investigación-acción participativa de corte experimental, que se desarrolla entre enero 2023 y diciembre del 2024 la cual constituye salida del proyecto de investigación Sistema de acciones psicosociales para el perfeccionamiento de la atención integral a los pacientes con enfermedades no transmisibles. El universo está constituido por 56 pacientes y la muestra por 22, que reciben tratamiento depurador y conservador, 22 familiares y 12 profesionales del servicio. El instrumento de investigación por excelencia fue la encuesta a participantes. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes no es definitiva de un grupo etario; predominan los hombres; se constata un elevado por ciento de pacientes con poca tolerancia a la adherencia al tratamiento e insuficiente desarrollo de las habilidades psicosociales y declaran la necesidad de poseer conocimientos para lograr estados de salud que conlleven a la sobrevida. Discusión: No existe coincidencia con lo constatado en la determinación de los grupos etarios de prevalencia para la enfermedad, pero los especialistas insisten en que la enfermedad no es privativa de un período de vida específico; reconocen la importancia del conocimiento de los factores de riesgo por el paciente para la prevención, promoción y educación en salud y resaltan la necesidad de la comunicación y la empatía entre el personal de salud y el paciente, para lograr resultados y estados emocionales favorables ante la enfermedad y el tratamiento.

RESUMEN A pesar de que el zinc (Zn) es un elemento esencial para el metabolismo de las plantas, las actividades antrópicas y las malas prácticas agrícolas, así como también, el uso frecuente de plaguicidas y fertilizantes ricos en este elemento pueden causar que niveles tóxicos de Zn estén disponibles para las plantas. Se realizó en Tunja, Colombia, un trabajo en invernadero en el que plántulas de cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) se expusieron a 0 (control), 20, 40, y 80 mg L-1 de Zn en solución nutritiva. El exceso de Zn en la solución tuvo un efecto bastante drástico sobre la acumulación de peso seco, también redujo los valores de la tasa absoluta de crecimiento, del área foliar especifica, del consumo de agua, de la eficiencia en el uso del agua, del área foliar, de la longitud de raíces y, por el contrario, incrementó el contenido de solidos solubles totales en el zumo del bulbo. De este modo, la mayoría de las variables relacionadas con el crecimiento fueron afectadas negativamente a partir de 20 mg L-1 de Zn en la solución. Además, el efecto tóxico del Zn es más drástico cuando las plantas crecen en solución nutritiva en comparación a cuando crecen en suelo. Por otro lado, el experimento duró solo hasta 54 días después del trasplante, dado que fue el momento máximo que pudieron soportar las plantas, especialmente aquellas que se expusieron a contenidos de Zn más elevados, con lo que se puede inferir que estas plantas tienen baja tolerancia a contenidos elevados de Zn en el sustrato.

ABSTRACT While zinc (Zn) is an essential element for plant metabolism, anthropic activities and poor agricultural practices as well as frequent use of pesticides and fertilizers rich in this element can cause toxic levels of Zn to plants. A study was done under greenhouse conditions in Tunja, Colombia in which bulb onion seedlings (Allium cepa L.) were exposed to 0 (control), 20, 40, and 80 mg L-1 of Zn in mixture with a nutrient solution containing macro and micronutrients. The excess Zn in the solution had a rather drastic effect on the accumulation of dry weight and reduced the absolute growth rate, the specific leaf area, the water uptake, the water use efficiency, the leaf area, the length of all roots per plant, and on the contrary, increased the content of total soluble solids in the juice of the bulb. Thus, most growth-related variables were negatively affected from 20 mg L-1 and up of Zn in solution. In addition, the toxic effect of Zn is more drastic on plants growing in nutrient solution compared to those growing in soil. The experiment lasted until 54 days after transplanting, which was the limit for plant survival, especially at higher concentrations of Zn, so it can be inferred that these plants have low tolerance to high Zn contents in the substrate.

ABSTRACT: Cowpea is a food crop representing an important source of proteins and income, mainly for people living in the north and northeast of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of two cowpea cultivars under four different ionic concentrations of the growth solution. Thus, a pot experiment was performed using the sand culture technique and set up in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, using four replications and one plant per plot. After the period of growth, the parameters such as length of the shoot, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of secondary branches, number of pods, fresh weight of the stem, stem dry mass, leaf dry mass, shoot dry mass, and root/shoot ratio were obtained. The results pointed out that there was a significant interaction effect on parameters like stem diameter, leaf dry mass, shoot dry mass, and number of leaves. Both cultivars were strongly responsive to changes in ionic concentration, indicating a greater biomass production at ionic concentrations of 90% and 120%. A greater growth performance for BRS Rouxinol than BRS Itaim was observed, while the second cultivar indicated a high tolerance as exposed to the highest ionic concentrations. ABSTRACT income Brazil solution Thus scheme plot diameter leaves branches pods mass rootshoot root obtained concentration 90 120 120% observed 9 12 1

RESUMO: O feijão-caupi é um alimento que representa uma importante fonte de proteínas, e também de renda, sobretudo para os produtores rurais do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de crescimento de duas cultivares de feijão caupi sob diferentes concentrações iônicas da solução nutritiva. Para tanto, um experimento em vasos foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramento casualizado com arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, utilizando quatro repetições e um planta por parcela. Após o período de crescimento, os parâmetros tais como: comprimento do ramo principal, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, número de ramos secundários, número de vagens, peso fresco do caule, peso seco do caule, peso seco das folhas, peso seco da parte aérea e a relação raiz parte aérea foram obtidas. Os resultados apontaram que houve interação significativa dos fatores sobre o diâmetro do caule, peso seco das folhas, peso seco da parte aérea e o número de folhas. Ambas as cultivares foram responsivas a mudança na concentração iônica da soução, revelando maior rendimento de biomassa nas concentrações de 90% e 120%. Uma maior performance de crescimento foi constatada para BRS Rouxinol comparado a BRS Itaim, enquanto a segunda cultivar mostrou elevada tolerância às altas concentrações iônicas na solução. RESUMO feijãocaupi proteínas renda Brasil nutritiva tanto 4 parcela como principal caule folhas secundários vagens obtidas soução 90 120 120% Itaim 9 12 1

One of the key contemporary needs in education is to promote nationalism and national cohesion. Challenges confronting most developing countries include political instability, violence, voter apathy, and youth disintegration. Many regard the teaching of citizenship as a possible panacea to remedy these problems. Scholars have applauded the role of citizenship education in inculcating crucial values such as active citizenship, tolerance, and social cohesion. The Lesotho curriculum uses social science subjects, especially history, to address these challenges. Pursuant to repeated calls for the integration of history with citizenship in Lesotho schools in order to enhance history's thrust in achieving the task, this qualitative study adopted the case study design to purposively sample six history teachers, two from each of three secondary schools in the Maseru district. Semi-structured interviews and document analysis of the Education Sector Plan 2005-2015 and Education Sector Strategic Plan 2016-2026, Curriculum and Assessment Policy (CAP) 2009, Lesotho General Certificate of Secondary Education (LGCSE), and the Grade 8 Social Science Syllabus were relied upon for the collection of data. Our findings from this study show that teachers believe that the integration of history and citizenship can instil values of active citizenship, patriotism, political stability, and economic development to mention but a few. We therefore concluded that there are possibilities of integrating history with citizenship instead of leaving them as subjects independent from each other. We recommend that the Ministry of Education and Training (MoET) should consider the integration ofhistory and citizenship into the curriculum.

Abstract Our case focuses on a 34-year-old woman, pregnant, with a history of allergic rhinitis treated with antihistamines as needed. She had no documented history of medication allergies. At 38 weeks she went into labor. Three days after delivery, she received intravenous hydrocortisone for postpartum pain management. During administration, the patient developed generalized urticaria, dysphonia, and dyspnea. She was brought to the emergency room and received intramuscular adrenaline and antihistamines with clinical improvement. Prick tests for methylprednisolone succinate 10 mg/ml and hydrocortisone succinate 10 mg/mL and 100 mg/ml were positive. In challenge testing, the patient tolerated dexamethasone and budesonide. A diagnosis of anaphylactic reaction to group A corticosteroids was made. The patient was instructed to avoid hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, and prednisolone. Although rare, corticosteroid allergy has very important therapeutic consequences; therefore it is necessary to be alert and to offer a safe alternative to these patients demonstrating tolerance to other corticosteroids.

Resumo O nosso caso foca-se numa mulher de 34 anos, grávida, com antecedentes de rinite alérgica tratada com anti-histamínicos em SOS. Não tinha histórico documentado de alergias a medicamentos. Às 38 semanas, entrou em trabalho de parto. Tês dias após o parto, foi medicada com hidrocortisona intravenosa para o controlo da dor pós-parto. Durante a administração, a doente desenvolveu anafilaxia. Foi levada para a sala de emergência, tendo sido tratada com adrenalina intramuscular e anti-histamínicos, com melhoria clínica. Os testes cutâneos prick para succinato de metilprednisolona 10 mg/ml e succinato de hidrocortisona 10 mg/mL e 100 mg/ml foram positivos. Posteriormente foram realizadas provas de provocação com dexametasona e budesonida, com boa tolerância. Foi feito o diagnóstico de reação anafilática a corticosteróides do grupo A. A doente foi recomendada a evitar totalmente o uso de hidrocortisona, metilprednisolona e prednisolona. Apesar de rara, a alergia a corticosteróides tem consequências terapêuticas muito importantes; por isso é necessário estar alerta e oferecer uma alternativa segura a estes pacientes que demonstram tolerância a outros corticosteróides.

Abstract: Although the great utility that phonetic-phonological competence generates in language teaching has been proven, as well as its importance in the communicative process, it has traditionally been relegated to the background. The CEFR involved the preparation of a language policy instrument with the aim of achieving European brotherhood and respect and tolerance among its members. However, the role of phonic competence was minimal, which meant the loss of the opportunity to take advantage of the social implications that language conveys through phonetics. Likewise, other negative aspects are attributed to it, such as the absence of prosody, conceptual inaccuracy or the role of accent as an error, among others. Consequently, the Council of Europe requested a critical report that has recently led to the publication of a companion volume of the CEFR, which updates and clarifies especially the phonological component. In this work, a critical review of this new document is made in relation to the main reference texts. The main conclusion is that great progress has been made in important aspects, but it is still necessary to strengthen concepts and highlight the role of phonetics more.

Resumen: A pesar de que se ha probado la gran utilidad que la competencia fonético-fonológica genera en la enseñanza de lenguas, así como su importancia en el proceso comunicativo, ha sido tradicionalmente relegada a un segundo plano. El MCER supuso la confección de un instrumento de política lingüística con el objetivo de lograr la fraternidad europea y la tolerancia entre sus miembros. Sin embargo, el papel de la competencia fónica fue casi testimonial, lo que supuso la pérdida de la oportunidad de aprovechar las ventajas de las implicaciones sociales que transmite el lenguaje mediante la fonética. Asimismo, se le achacan otros aspectos como la ausencia de la prosodia, la inexactitud conceptual o el papel del acento como error, entre otros. En consecuencia, el Consejo de Europa encargó un informe crítico que ha desembocado recientemente en la publicación de un volumen complementario del MCER, que actualiza y matiza especialmente el componente fonológico. En el presente trabajo, se realiza una revisión crítica de este nuevo documento en relación con los principales textos de referencia. La conclusión principal es que se ha avanzado en gran medida en aspectos importantes, pero sigue siendo necesario afianzar conceptos y resaltar más el papel de la fonética.