ABSTRACT Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune hematological condition characterized by a markedly isolated decrease in platelets without any apparent associated clinical conditions, resulting in bleeding and bruising of the skin, mucous membranes, and major organs. It is often triggered by preceding illness or several immune stimulants such as immunizations, infections, allergic reactions, among others. While uncommon, arthropod bites can trigger acute ITP. Four cases have been reported due to bee stings and insect bites, as well as a case of ITP following honeybee-venom therapy. Here, we report a case of acute ITP possibly triggered by multiple tick bites.

Resumen El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue identificar la presencia de Rickettsias sp. y hemoparásitos en garrapatas de la especie Rhipicephalus sanguineus en perros. Se analizaron un total de 62 garrapatas adultas cargadas recolectadas de 62 perros del barrio Concepción, zona urbana de la ciudad de San Juan Bautista, en el departamento de Misiones, Paraguay, durante el año 2017. La muestra incluyó perros de diversas edades, razas y sexos. Para el análisis, se realizó un frotis directo de la hemolinfa de las garrapatas extraídas de los caninos, y posterior tinción Wright. Los resultados revelaron que el 13% de las garrapatas resultaron positivas para Rickettsias sp. y hemoparásitos. En detalle, el 6,5% mostró la presencia de cuerpos elementales de Ehrlichia spp., mientras que otro 6,5% presentó cuerpos vermiformes de Babesia spp. El 87% restante de las muestras resultaron negativas para Rickettsias sp. y hemoparásitos. En cuanto a los perros cuyas garrapatas dieron positivo para Rickettsias sp. y hemoparásitos, el 50% eran machos, y el otro 50% eran hembras. En cuanto a la edad de los perros muestreados, el 25% tenían menos de 1 año, el 50% tenían entre 1 y 5 años, y el 25% restante tenían más de 5 años. Con relación a la raza de los perros cuyas garrapatas resultaron positivas para Rickettsias sp. y hemoparásitos, el 37,5% eran de raza pura y el 62,5% eran de raza mestiza

Abstract The main objective of the research work was the identification of Rickettsias sp. and hemoparasites in ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus sanguineus in dogs. A total of 62 adult ticks carried by 62 dogs from the Concepción neighborhood (urban area) of the city of San Juan Bautista, department of Misiones, Paraguay, in 2017, were analyzed (regardless of age, race and sex). A direct smear of the tick hemolymph extracted from the canines and stained with Wright staining was performed. The results revealed that 13% of the ticks were positive for Rickettsias sp. and hemoparasites. In detail, 6.5% showed the presence of elemental bodies of Ehrlichia spp., while another 6.5% presented vermiform bodies of Babesia spp. The remaining 87% of the samples were negative for Rickettsias sp. and hemoparasites. Regarding the canines whose ticks tested positive for Rickettsias sp. and hemoparasites, 4 canines that represent 50 % were male, while 4 canines corresponded to the female sex that represented 50 %. Regarding the age range of the canines sampled, 25 % represented canines under 1 year, 50 % canines between 1 and 5 years old, and 25 % canines older than 5 years. Regarding the breed of canines whose ticks were positive for Rickettsias sp. and hemoparasites, 37,5 % of the canines were purebred and 62,5 % were mixed breed.

Resumen Los pesticidas sintéticos utilizados para combatir las garrapatas pierden su eficacia contra determinadas especies y pueden afectar la salud humana. En el presente estudio se evaluó in vitro e in vivo el efecto del extracto acuoso de semillas de Pimpinella anisum (P. anisum) contra Rhipicephalus sanguineus e Ixodes affinis, garrapatas del perro doméstico. En las evaluaciones in vitro se aplicaron directamente a las garrapatas concentraciones de 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 y 100 % del extracto acuoso de P. anisum. Las concentraciones que provocaron mayor efectividad en la inmovilización fueron 50%, 75% y 100%, pero esta última provocó una inmovilización por mayor tiempo (55.89 ± 0.16 min). En la evaluación in vivo, el extracto acuoso concentrado se aplicó sobre garrapatas adheridas a la piel de perros domésticos. Se utilizó Amitraz, un garrapaticida comercial, como testigo positivo. Tanto el extracto acuoso concentrado como el Amitraz provocaron el 100 % del desprendimiento de garrapatas. Sin embargo, el extracto acuoso concentrado de semillas de P. anisum fue más efectivo para reducir el tiempo promedio de desprendimiento de las garrapatas (60.81 ± 3.17 min) en comparación con el garrapaticida comercial Amitraz (145.12 ± 15.97 min). Esta investigación sugiere que el p-anisaldehído identificado en el extracto acuoso podría estar relacionado con la inmovilización y desprendimiento de R. sanguineus e I. affinis de los perros domésticos, lo que sugiere que este extracto podría usarse como biopesticida para controlar las garrapatas en perros domésticos.

Abstract Synthetic pesticides used to combat ticks lose their effectiveness against certain species and can affect human health. The present study evaluated in vitro and in vivo the effect of the aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum (P. anisum) seeds against Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes affinis, domestic dog ticks. In the in vitro evaluations, concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of the aqueous extract of P. anisum were applied directly to ticks. The concentrations that had the highest effectiveness in immobilization were 50 %, 75 % and 100 %, but the latter caused immobilization for a longer time (55.89 ± 0.16 min). In the in vivo evaluation, the concentrated aqueous extract was applied to ticks attached to the skin of domestic dogs. Amitraz, a commercial tickicide, was used as a positive control. Both the concentrated aqueous extract and Amitraz caused 100 % of tick detaching. Nonetheless, concentrated aqueous extract of P. anisum seeds was more effective in reducing the average time of tick detaching (60.81 ± 3.17 min) compared to the commercial tickicide Amitraz (145.12 ± 15.97 min). This research suggests that the p-anisaldehyde identified in the aqueous extract could be linked to the immobilization and detaching of R. sanguineus and I. affinis from domestic dogs, suggesting that this extract could be used as a biopesticide to control ticks in domestic dogs.

ABSTRACT Ehrlichia and Anaplasmaare obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria with tropism for hematopoietic cells, especially leukocytes and platelets. There are several Ehrlichia species that infect dogs. Ehrlichia canis is transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineusand replicates within monocytes and macrophages, leading to canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, a disease of worldwide distribution. The clinical signs are varied and non-specific. Anaplasma has two species that infect dogs, Anaplasmaphagocytophilumand Anaplasma platys, the second also transmitted by Rhipicephalussanguineus.This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiologyand hematologic changes associated with the presence of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp.coinfection in dogs from Baja California. Complete hematological analysis, examination of buffy coat smears, and ELISA tests were performed on blood samples from three veterinary diagnostic laboratories from Mexicali and Tijuana cities in Baja California, Mexico. A total of5,469 dog samples were analyzed. The overall prevalence of Ehrlichia spp., was 4.79%, with a distribution of 6.3% in Mexicali(OR: 2.39 CI: 1.69-3.17) and 2.5% in Tijuana.The peak of infection was found in September. Contact with other dogs and tick infestation were the risk factors associated with infection (P<0.05).There was 96% co-infection onlyin Tijuanaand 0% in Mexicali. Anemia, thrombocytopenia,and hyperproteinemia are associated with Ehrlichia spp.,and Ehrlichia/Anaplasmainfection. In view of the foregoing, we have to maintain epidemiologic vigilance, as well as look further into the ticks present in the state and the possibility of transmission of unusual pathogens.

RESUMEN El presente estudio determinó la prevalencia de mórulas de Ehrlichia sp y gamontes de Hepatozoon sp en perros atendidos en un centro médico veterinario de la ciudad de Trujillo. Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas de perros infestados con garrapatas o con exposición en los tres meses previos al estudio. Se colectó 3 mL de sangre de la vena cefálica de 95 perros en tubos EDTA. Las muestras fueron centrifugadas. Se colocó una gota de la capa flogística de cada muestra sobre una lámina portaobjetos la que se extendió con una laminilla cubreobjetos y fue sometida a la tinción Wright. Los frotis se observaron en microscopio óptico a 40X y 100X. Se halló una prevalencia a Ehrlichia sp de 31.6 ± 9.4%. No se observó presencia de gamontes de Hepatozoon sp.

ABSTRACT The present study determined the prevalence of Ehrlichia sp morulae and Hepatozoon sp gamonts in dogs treated at a veterinary medical centre in the city of Trujillo. Blood samples were taken from dogs infested with ticks or exposed in the three months prior to the study. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected from the cephalic vein of 95 dogs in EDTA tubes. The samples were centrifuged. A drop of the phlogistic layer of each sample was placed on a slide, which was extended with a coverslip and subjected to Wright staining. The smears were observed under an optical microscope at 40X and 100X. A prevalence of Ehrlichia sp of 31.6 ± 9.4% was found. No presence of Hepatozoon sp gamonts was observed.

ABSTRACT Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)is an endemic, zoonotic, viral, and tick-borne disease that causes hemorrhagic symptoms. The disease has been reported in Iraq since 1979 comprising six cases between 1989 and 2009. Subsequently, 11, 3, and 33 cases were reported in 2010, 2018, and 2021, respectively. This study describes the 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) outbreak in different Iraqi governorates. In the 2022 outbreak, 212 cases of human CCHFV were reported between January 1 and May 22. These included 97 (46%) cases confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 115 (54%) suspected cases. Most human cases have been reported for livestock breeders and butchers. Approximately half of the confirmed cases (48%) were reported in the Dhi Qar governorate, whereas the others were reported in Missan, Muthanna, Wasit, Diwaniya, Karkh/Baghdad, Rusafa/Baghdad, Kirkuk, Basra, Najaf, Nineveh, Babylon, and Karbala. Patients with CCHFV showed symptoms of the pre-hemorrhagic phase, including sudden fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, nose bleeding, and abdominal and joint pain. Later, hemorrhagic symptoms started with unexplained bleeding lesions, ranging from small petechiae to large hematomas. The factors responsible for the re-emergence of CCHFV included a shortage of veterinary services during the COVID-19 pandemic and illegal slaughtering of animals outside the abattoirs. This led to massive tick infestations that acted as viral vectors. In conclusion, this is the first report documenting the 2022 CCHFV outbreak in Iraq, with a total of 212 patients and 27 overall deaths, including 13 laboratory-confirmed cases. The authors recommend improving veterinary services provided to farmers. Additionally, future studies need to be done including the sero-epidemiology and molecular studies on local livestock and ticks to understand their roles in circulating the virus to humans.

Resumen 16. El objetivo de esta publicación es dar a conocer nuevos registros de una asociación parásito- hospedador entre garrapatas (Acari: Ixodidae) y el ciervo Axis axis, en Argentina. Los muestreos fueron realizados en Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina. Las garrapatas, colectadas sobre dos ejemplares machos de A. axis, fueron determinadas como dos partenoginas, doce metaninfas, una neogina y cuatro machos de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. El hallazgo presentado en este trabajo representa el primer registro de adultos y ninfas de R. microplus parasitando A. axis para Argentina.

Abstract. This publication aims to present new records of a parasite-host association between ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and the Axis axis deer in Argentina. Sampling was conducted in Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina, and identified ticks collected from two male specimens of A. axis were identified as two parthenogens, twelve nymphs, one neogina, and four males of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. This work unveils the first recorded instance of R. microplus adults and nymphs infesting the A. axis in Argentina.

Resumen 16. Dermacentor nitens es una garrapata Neotropical con reportes desde el norte de Argentina (provincias de Salta y Jujuy), hasta el sur de México, sin registros en Chile y Uruguay. Tiene como principal hospedador a equinos, por ende, esta garrapata adquiere importancia veterinaria por su rol como vector de microorganismos. Por lo antes mencionado, el objetivo del presente trabajo es aportar nuevos hallazgos de D. nitens para la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina ampliando así su distribución.

Abstract 20. Dermacentor nitens is a Neotropical tick with reports from northern Argentina (provinces of Salta and Jujuy) to southern Mexico, with no records in Chile and Uruguay. Its main host is horses; likewise, this tick has veterinary importance due to its role as a vector of microorganisms. Thus, the aim of the present work is to provide new findings of D. nitens for the province of Corrientes, Argentina, thus expanding its distribution.

ABSTRACT: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a hard tick endemic in livestock-growing regions and causes economic losses in the largest beef-producing countries, including Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Australia and Uruguay. The use of chemical acaricides is still the main strategy to control R. microplusinfestations. Nevertheless, immunological control of R. microplus with an anti-tick vaccine is a suitable alternative and has manifold advantages because it can avoid drug-resistance and the presence of acaricide residues in milk, beef and in the environment. Indeed, vaccines based on the Bm86 antigen have had relative commercial and technical success to control R. microplus in some regions. Although, the efficacy of such vaccines varies among tick populations and is insufficient to provide an acceptable level of protection. Therefore, the need to search for better antigens is impelling. This review focused on the restrictions imposed on the use of acaricides in Brazil and in the European Union, as well as on the impacts of Bm86-based vaccines on R. microplus control. The efficacy of experimental anti-tick vaccines (based on subolesin, glutathione S-transferase, ferritin 2; voltage-dependent anion channel; aquaporin, 60 S acidic ribosomal protein, metalloprotease and trypsin) that can elicit an immune response against the physiological functions of various ticks is discussed.

RESUMO: O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é um carrapato duro que é endêmico de regiões de pecuária e causa perdas econômicas nos maiores países produtores de carne bovina, incluindo Brasil, México, Argentina, Austrália e Uruguai. O uso de acaricidas ainda é a principal estratégia para controlar infestações por R. microplus. No entanto, o controle imunológico do R. microplus com uma vacina contra carrapatos é uma alternativa adequada e possui diversas vantagens, por evitar a seleção de populações de carrapato resistentes a drogas, evitar a presença de resíduos de acaricidas no leite, na carne e no ambiente. As vacinas baseadas no antígeno Bm86 tiveram relativo sucesso comercial e técnico no controle do R. microplus em diversas regiões. No entanto, a eficácia dessas vacinas varia entre as populações de carrapatos e é insuficiente para fornecer um nível aceitável de proteção. Portanto, há uma necessidade de procurar novos antígenos. Esta revisão foca nas restrições impostas ao uso de acaricidas no Brasil e na União Europeia, bem como nos impactos das vacinas baseadas em Bm86 no controle do R. microplus. Também é discutida a eficácia de vacinas anti-carrapatos experimentais (baseadas em subolesina, glutationa S-transferase, ferritina 2; canal aniônico dependente de voltagem; aquaporina, proteína ribossômica ácida 60S, metaloprotease, tripsina) que podem elicitar uma resposta imune contra as funções fisiológicas de vários carrapatos.

As resistance to chemical acaricides increases amongst tick populations, investigations of natural remedies that have acaricidal or tick-repellent effects have become essential in the search for alternatives for sustainable tick control. Garlium GEM HC (Garlium), a natural concentrated garlic product, was supplemented in-feed to beef cattle to determine if it could assist in reducing the number of attached ticks on cattle. Two grams of Garlium was supplemented daily to eight Bonsmara steers over 43 days. A second group of eight steers served as controls. All animals were infested with a similar number of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults and Rhipicephalus microplus larvae. Subsequently, the number of attached engorged ticks and the hatchability of the tick eggs were determined. Blood samples were collected from the steers for whole blood analyses. The results were analysed using a two-sample t-test procedure. Due to large standard deviations observed, most of the tick parameters were only numerically improved. Although not significant, the number of larvae produced by female R. appendiculatus ticks per host was reduced by 23%. Estimated number of R. microplus larvae produced from ticks harvested from Garlium supplemented cattle were reduced by 42.3% (p = 0.10). No adverse effect was observed on haematocrits or haemoglobin concentrations. Garlium reduced segmented neutrophil count in the treatment group, suggesting that the immune system was less challenged. Although not statistically significant, the effect of reducing the number of larvae produced per host for the two tick species by approximately 20% and 40% respectively, may be of economic benefit to commercial cattle farmers.

Resumen Diferencias entre hábitats y la variación en las condiciones ambientales son factores que frecuentemente afectan la abundancia en las poblaciones de muchos animales, y el efecto de esta variación puede afectar de manera diferente cada estadio del ciclo de vida de un animal. En este estudio se compara el efecto de diferentes hábitats y cambio en las condiciones ambientales (e.g., temperatura y precipitación) sobre la abundancia de larvas, ninfas y adultos de garrapatas duras (Amblyomma spp.) en un bosque seco tropical. La abundancia de larvas fue alta en todos los hábitats, pero las ninfas y adultas fueron más abundantes en aquellos sitios más boscosos (mayor cobertura forestal). Los sitios boscosos posiblemente proporcionan condiciones más adecuadas para la sobrevivencia de los tres estadios de las garrapatas (larvas, ninfas y adultas) durante los periodos de búsqueda de huéspedes. Se encontró también que el pico de abundancia de los tres estadios ocurrió durante o cerca de la estación seca. Esto sugiere que las garrapatas tienen un pico reproductivo asociado con la estación seca, pero solamente la abundancia de ninfas se correlacionó con la variación en las condiciones ambientales.

Abstract Differences in habitats and variation in environmental conditions often cause fluctuation in abundance of animal populations, and the effect of such spatial and temporal variation may affect differently each stage of an animal life cycle. Here we compare the effect of different habitats and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and precipitation) on the abundance of larvae, nymphs, and adult hard ticks (Amblyomma spp.) in a tropical dry forest. Abundance of larvae was high, but similar in all habitats, but nymphs and adults were more abundant in forested sites. Forested sites likely provide more suitable conditions for survivorship of the three tick stages (larvae, nymphs, and adults) during their host-seeking period, and a larger concentration of potential hosts. We also found that the peak of abundance in all three stages occur during or near the dry season, suggesting a reproductive peak associated to the dry season, but only abundance of nymphs correlated with environmental conditions.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la importancia del azufre como un mineral esencial en la gestión agroecológica de los sistemas agropecuarios. Materiales y Métodos: Para desarrollar esta investigación se consultaron más de 80 publicaciones científicas que tratan sobre el azufre y el caldo sulfocálcico en los sistemas agropecuarios. Se documentó la función fundamental que desempeñan estos elementos en el suelo, su uso por las plantas para la prevención de las plagas, así como su efecto en ácaros y garrapatas que se hospedan en animales; además de su valor en la nutrición de rumiantes. También se estudiaron artículos que abordan en el contexto actual, los efectos del cambio climático, la condición del suelo como base de todos los sistemas y la importancia de la gestión agroecológica en la agricultura y la ganadería. Resultados: El azufre se puede utilizar de diversas maneras, como reductor del pH del suelo, fertilizante, pesticida y medicamento para plantas y animales. También se contempla su uso en la fabricación del ácido sulfúrico y en la nutrición de rumiantes. Además, cuando se combina con calcio como caldo sulfocálcico, el azufre es efectivo como insecticida, fungicida, y medicamento contra ácaros y garrapatas. También es necesario su uso debido a que el 33 % de los suelos en Cuba presentan un estado de degradación que va desde moderada hasta alta. Esto se debe a diversos factores como la erosión, la salinización, la compactación, la acidificación y la contaminación química, lo cual también provoca la pérdida de biodiversidad. Conclusiones: La utilización de azufre o caldo sulfocálcico es esencial en el manejo agroecológico del suelo, debido al elevado porcentaje de áreas con diversas afectaciones, a lo que se adicionan sus múltiples aplicaciones en plantas y animales. En Cuba la utilización de esta sustancia es un desafío por las cantidades disponibles y las pequeñas dosis que se utilizan. No obstante, con su aplicación se facilita la producción de alimentos sanos y abundantes a costo bajo, sin causar daños al medioambiente, y contribuir significativamente al bienestar humano.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the importance of sulfur as an essential mineral in the agroecological management of agricultural systems. Materials and Methods: To develop this research, more than 80 scientific publications dealing with sulfur and sulfocalcic broth in agricultural systems were consulted. The fundamental role of these elements in the soil, their use by plants for pest prevention, as well as their effect on mites and ticks hosted by animals, and their value in ruminant nutrition were documented. Papers were also studied that address in the current context, the effects of climate change, the condition of the soil as the basis of all systems and the importance of agroecological management in agriculture and animal husbandry. Results: Sulfur can be used in a variety of ways, as a soil pH reducer, fertilizer, pesticide and medicine for plants and animals. Its use in the manufacture of sulfuric acid and in ruminant nutrition is also contemplated. In addition, when combined with calcium as a sulfocalcic broth, sulfur is effective as an insecticide, fungicide, and medicine against mites and ticks. Its use is also necessary because 33 % of the soils in Cuba show a state of degradation ranging from moderate to high. This is due to various factors such as erosion, salinization, compaction, acidification and chemical contamination, which also causes the loss of biodiversity. Conclusions: The use of sulfur or sulfocalcic broth is essential in agroecological soil management, due to the high percentage of areas with diverse affectations, to which its multiple applications in plants and animals are added. In Cuba, the use of this substance is a challenge due to the available quantities and the small doses that are used. However, their application facilitates the production of healthy and abundant food at low cost, without causing damage to the environment, and contributes significantly to human welfare.

Abstract In Brazil, spotted fever (SF) is caused by two species of Rickettsia, both of which are transmitted by Amblyomma ticks: Rickettsia rickettsii, which results in severe and often fatal cases, and Rickettsia parkeri, which causes a mild illness. This study focused on R. parkeri in Amblyomma ovale ticks from the Maciço de Baturité region, Ceará, Northeast Brazil, an area endemic for SF with mild symptoms. We examined 60 domestic dogs with access to the forest for ticks and Rickettsia seroprevalence. A landscape analysis was conducted in all forest patches within 2–10 km from the main forest edge. In total, 125 A. ovale ticks were collected from 30 dogs (50%). DNA from 65 ticks was tested using genus-specific Rickettsia primers. Three (4.6%) tick specimens tested positive for R. parkeri while the Rickettsia seroprevalence among the dogs was 55% (33/60). A probable occurrence of Rickettsia transmission was observed in the fragmented Atlantic rainforest, which has 1,019 ha of preserved land and 50.6 km of perimeter border. The land's characteristics allow for semi-domiciled dogs to access forest fragments, where A. ovale ticks are commonly present. Infected ticks may parasitize the dogs, which then transport the ticks into homes, potentially transmitting SF-causing bacteria to humans. Brazil (SF rickettsii cases illness R region Ceará symptoms 6 210 2 10 2–1 edge total 12 3 50%. 50 50% . (50%) genusspecific genus specific primers 4.6% 46 4 (4.6% 55 33/60. 3360 33/60 33 (33/60) rainforest 1019 1 019 1,01 506 50. border lands s semidomiciled semi domiciled fragments present homes SFcausing causing humans 21 2– 5 (50% 4.6 (4.6 336 33/6 (33/60 101 01 1,0 (50 4. (4. 33/ (33/6 0 1, (5 (4 (33/ ( (33 (3

Resumo No Brasil, a febre maculosa (FM) é causada por duas espécies de Rickettsia, ambas transmitidas por carrapatos Amblyomma: Rickettsia rickettsii, ocasionando casos graves e frequentemente fatais, e Rickettsia parkeri, que causa uma doença leve. Este estudo concentrou-se em R. parkeri em carrapatos Amblyomma ovale na região do Maciço de Baturité, Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil, área endêmica para FM com sintomas leves. Foram examinados 60 cães domésticos com acesso à floresta para carrapatos e soroprevalência de Rickettsia. Conduziu-se uma análise da paisagem em todos os fragmentos florestais dentro de 2–10 km da borda principal da floresta. No total, 125 carrapatos A. ovale foram coletados de 30 cães (50%). Testou-se o DNA de 65 carrapatos, usando-se primers de Rickettsia gênero-específico. Três (4,6%) espécimes de carrapatos testaram positivo para R. parkeri, enquanto a soroprevalência de Rickettsia entre os cães foi de 55% (33/60). Observou-se uma provável ocorrência de transmissão de Rickettsia na fragmentada Mata Atlântica, que possui 1.019 ha de terra preservada e 50,6 km de borda perimetral. As características da área permitem que cães semidomiciliados acessem fragmentos florestais, onde carrapatos A. ovale são comumente presentes. Carrapatos infectados podem parasitar cães, que então os transportam para as casas, potencialmente transmitindo bactérias causadoras da FM aos humanos. Brasil (FM rickettsii fatais leve concentrouse concentrou se R Baturité Ceará leves 6 Conduziuse Conduziu 210 2 10 2–1 total 12 A 3 50%. 50 50% . (50%) Testouse Testou usandose usando gêneroespecífico. gêneroespecífico gênero específico. específico gênero-específico 4,6% 46 4 (4,6% 55 33/60. 3360 33/60 33 (33/60) Observouse Observou Atlântica 1019 1 019 1.01 506 50, perimetral presentes casas humanos 21 2– 5 (50% 4,6 (4,6 336 33/6 (33/60 101 01 1.0 (50 4, (4, 33/ (33/6 0 1. (5 (4 (33/ ( (33 (3

Abstract Little is known about parasites in wild mammals kept as pets. For this study, fecal and skin/fur samples and ectoparasites from 55 wild and pet mammals attended at a veterinary clinic were evaluated. Opossums (Didelphis albiventris and Didelphis aurita) were parasitized by helminths (Aspidodera sp., Cruzia tentaculata, Trichuris sp., Turgida turgida and Acanthocephala gen. sp.), screw-worm fly larvae (Cochliomyia hominivorax), ticks (Amblyomma dubitatum and Amblyomma sculptum) and fleas (Ctenocephalides felis). Hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) were parasitized by mites (Caparinia tripilis), capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) by ticks (A. dubitatum and A. sculptum), a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) by fleas (C. felis), an orange-spined hairy dwarf porcupine (Sphiggurus villosus) by screw-worm fly larvae (C. hominivorax) and another for ticks (Amblyomma longirostre). Overall, mites were found only in pet animals and helminths were found only in wild animals. Infestation by Caparinia tripilis was only found in animals with concomitant illness or stress. Cruzia tentaculata actively exited its opossum host by passing through the animal’s anus as its clinical condition worsened. pets study skinfur skin fur 5 evaluated aurita Aspidodera sp sp. gen , sp.) screwworm screw worm Cochliomyia hominivorax, hominivorax sculptum Ctenocephalides felis. felis . felis) Atelerix tripilis, tripilis) Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris A (A sculptum, Mustela furo C. C (C felis, orangespined orange spined Sphiggurus villosus longirostre. longirostre longirostre) Overall stress animal s worsened

Resumo Pouco se sabe sobre parasitas de animais silvestre mantidos como pets. Neste trabalho, foram coletadas amostras fecais, amostras de pelo/pele e ectoparasitas de 55 animais mantidos como pets ou de vida livre. Gambás (Didelphis albiventris e Didelphis aurita) estavam parasitados por helmintos (Aspidodera sp., Cruzia tentaculata, Trichuris sp., Turgida turgida e Acanthocephala gen. sp.), larvas de mosca (Cochliomyia hominivorax), carrapatos (Amblyomma dubitatum e Amblyomma sculptum) e pulgas (Ctenocephalides felis). Ouriços (Atelerix albiventris) estavam parasitados por ácaros (Caparinia tripilis); capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) por carrapatos (A. dubitatum e A. sculptum); um furão (Mustela putorius furo) por pulgas (C. felis); um porco espinho (Sphiggurus villosus) por larvas de mosca (C. hominivorax) e outro por carrapatos (Amblyomma longirostre). O parasitismo por ácaros ocorreu apenas em animais mantidos como pets, enquanto os helmintos foram encontrados apenas em animais de vida livre. A infestação causada por Caparinia tripilis foi apenas encontrada em animais com doença concomitante ou em situação de estresse. Espécimes de Cruzia tentaculata saíram ativamente pelo ânus de um gambá hospedeiro, quando a sua situação clínica piorou. trabalho fecais pelopele pele 5 livre aurita Aspidodera sp sp. gen , sp.) Cochliomyia hominivorax, hominivorax sculptum Ctenocephalides felis. felis . felis) Atelerix tripilis) Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (A Mustela furo C. C (C Sphiggurus villosus longirostre. longirostre longirostre) estresse hospedeiro piorou