Abstract Introduction: Proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in 5-10/10000 patients annually. Left untreated, there's a notable risk of pulmonary embolism development and the onset of long-term limb complications linked to post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Traditionally, these patients were treated with conservative therapy, namely anticoagulation and compression stockings. Nowadays, new and more aggressive treatments have emerged. Endovascular therapies, such as thrombectomy devices, catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), and stent placement, provide a highly effective treatment option with minimal patient risk of complications. Methods: We retrospectively studied all patients with proximal lower extremity DVT who were treated with endovascular therapy in our center between the years of 2018 and 2021. We choose as primary outcomes symptoms of PTS (Villalta Score) and quality of life (VEINES-QoL/Sym questionnaire) and as secondary outcomes treatment efficacy (grade of thrombolysis), treatment safety, and primary patency. Results: A total of 20 patients were treated by endovascular treatment. The majority of these patients were women (95%); 60% of them had DVT of the left limb, and 30% had phlegmasia alba dolens. Seven patients were treated with the AngiojetTM system (35%), four with the PenumbraTM system (20%) and nine with CDT alone (45%). Two patients presented with mild PTS symptoms, and the mean VEINES-QoL/Sym questionnaire score was 84.8% +/- 13.6%. There were no cases of major bleeding or pulmonary embolism after the procedure. Two patients had small vein ruptures with no need for additional treatment. The average length of stay in a high surveillance unit for vigilance was 2.2 days. At the end of treatment, 75% of the patients had complete thrombolysis, 15% had partial thrombolysis (50-99% thrombus removal), and 10% showed minimal or no thrombolysis (< 50% thrombus removal). The primary patency rate was 88% after 12 months. Conclusion: Our experience has shown that endovascular therapy for acute proximal lower extremity DVT is a safe and effective treatment associated with a very low incidence of PTS and recurrent venous thromboembolism. However, life-threatening complications such as major bleeding can occur. As such, while under treatment, close monitoring of these patients in a high surveillance unit is mandatory.

Abstract Nonmalignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of cirrhosis especially at the stage of decompensations. The diagnosis of PVT in cirrhosis is often incidental and it may be detected during routine semestral abdominal ultrasound with Doppler during screening for hepatocellular carcinoma or during hospitalization for decompensated cirrhosis. After detection of PVT on abdominal ultrasound, it is important to evaluate patients with cross-sectional imaging to determine the age of thrombus, whether acute or chronic, the extent and degree of luminal occlusion of the portal vein, and to rule out hepatocellular carcinoma or other underlying malignancy. Factors influencing management include the degree and extent of luminal occlusion of PVT, potential listing for liver transplantation, and portal hypertension (PHT) complications such as variceal hemorrhage and refractory ascites, severity of thrombocytopenia, and other comorbidities including chronic kidney disease. Anticoagulation is the most common therapeutic option and it is specially indicated in patients who are candidates for liver transplantation. Interventional procedures including transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement and mechanical thrombectomy may be used on a case-by-case basis in patients with contraindications or adverse events related to anticoagulation, who develop worsening PVT while on anticoagulant therapy, or have chronic PVT and PHT complications that are not manageable medically or endoscopically.

Resumo A trombose da veia porta (TVP) é uma complicação frequente na cirrose, especialmente na fase de descompensação. O diagnóstico é na maioria das vezes realizado de forma incidental. durante o rastreio semestral para o carcinoma hematocelular com ecografia abdominal com doppler ou durante o internamento por episódio de descompensação da cirrose. Após a deteção de TVP numa ecografia abdominal com doppler, é importante a realização de um método de imagem complementar de corte axial para avaliar a idade do trombo, se agudo ou crónico, a extensão e grau de oclusão luminal da veia porta e para excluir carcinoma hepatocelular ou outra neoplasia subjacente. A gestão do doente depende do grau de oclusão e da extensão do trombo na circulação portal, mas também da possibilidade de ser candidato para transplante hepatico, complicações da hipertensão portal, gravidade de trombocitopenia e da existência de outras comorbilidades relevantes como a doença renal crónica. A anticoagulação é a principal opção terapêutica mas outros procedimentos como a colocação de TIPS e trombectomia mecânica devem ser pensados caso a caso, quando existem contra-indicações à anticoagulação, a resposta à terapêutica anticoagulante não é adequada ou existem complicações da hipertensão portal não abordáveis com terapêutica médica ou endoscópica.

Abstract Introduction: After endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), many patients develop a systemic inflammatory response called post-implantation syndrome (PIS). AAA and procedure-related characteristics have been linked with increased odds of developing this syndrome. Similarly, some short- and long-term consequences have been associated with PIS. This study aims to review the literature on the diagnosis and predictors of post-implantation after endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms. Methods: A non-systematic review of the MEDLINE and Scopus databases was performed using the keywords "abdominal aortic aneurysm," "inflammation," and "endovascular techniques.” No time or language limitations were imposed. Manuscripts were considered irrespective of study design. Articles of interest were analyzed, and the relevant information was organized in tables. Results: PIS is defined as a combination of constitutional symptoms, including fatigue and fever, and elevated inflammatory markers. There are several proposed diagnostic criteria, most including a combination of fever with leukocytosis and/or elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). These result in discrepant rates, as low as 2% and up to 100%. The typical evolution of this syndrome is spontaneous resolution, although pharmacologic measures for symptom relief may be needed. These symptoms often resolve within two weeks; no significant permanent complications remain. Most PIS cases will present up to the first 72 postoperative hours. Endograft material, particularly polyester-based stent grafts, has been consistently linked to increased odds of PIS, up to five-fold, compared to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. Aneurysm thrombus load (both pre-existing and new-onset) has also been related to an increased odds of PIS. Bacterial translocation, contrast media, and other patient or procedure-related characteristics have not been linked to an increased risk of PIS. Conclusion: PIS is a common finding after EVAR. Universal diagnostic criteria for diagnosis are required. Polyester-based stent grafts present the highest risk of developing this syndrome. Aneurysm thrombus load may also relate to this increased risk. The impact of other clinical or anatomical factors remains undetermined.

Abstract Introduction: Vascular migration and venous tumor thrombus are infrequent but unique aspects of renal cell carcinoma, and these features have significant therapeutic and prognostic implications. We report a case of renal neoplasm with a vena cava tumor thrombus treated with surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Case report: A 53-year-old, otherwise healthy woman presented to the emergency department due to macroscopic hematuria and abdominal pain. A large abdominal mass was noted. A computed tomography angiography was performed, and a right renal tumor (105x207mm) with level II inferior vena cava tumor thrombus and local adenopathy was noted. After a multidisciplinary discussion, she was proposed for surgical resection. Through a bilateral subcostal incision (Chevron), a standard right radical nephrectomy and perivascular lymph node excision were performed. The IVC was exposed, and a thrombectomy was performed through a longitudinal cavotomy. Pathology revealed clear renal cell carcinoma and lymph node metastasis. The postoperative period was uneventful. However, the patient developed multiple liver and lung metastases at early follow-up and was treated with chemotherapy. Discussion: Tumor thrombus can extend up to the right atrium and occurs in nearly 10-25% of renal cell carcinoma patients. The natural history of this condition is poor, with a median survival of 5 months and significant survival improvements following radical nephrectomy and IVC tumor thrombus removal are observed, with 40-60% 5-year survival. Surgical treatment should, therefore, be considered in this group of patients. Such operations can be challenging, particularly when thrombus extent is significant, and the combination of efforts between oncologists, urologists, and vascular surgeons can improve patient safety and perioperative outcomes with significant improvements in overall prognosis.

ABSTRACT Paradoxical cerebral embolism always requires the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO); in our case, this event occurred due to a transient phenomenon, which was the acute overload of the right heart chambers and the opening of the PFO due to increased pressures as a consequence of massive pulmonary thromboembolism. After undergoing arthroscopy, this patient presented with visual field loss and progressive dyspnea, ultimately leading to mechanical ventilation and severe obstructive shock. An angiotomography was performed, revealing an obstructive thrombus in the right pulmonary artery. The patient successfully underwent thrombolysis, and she was discharged from the intensive care unit after 45 days. Ultimately, protein C deficiency was diagnosed, and permanent anticoagulation was initiated. The presence of motor deficit and dyspnea in a post-knee surgery patient should raise suspicion of pulmonary thromboembolism. Thrombolysis remains the treatment of choice, and it should be timely prescribed and performed.

RESUMEN La embolia cerebral paradójica siempre requiere la presencia de foramen oval; en nuestro caso, este evento sucedió por un fenómeno temporal, el cual fue la sobrecarga aguda de las cavidades derechas y la apertura del foramen oval debido al aumento de presiones como consecuencia de un tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo. Luego de una artroscopía, nuestra paciente presentó pérdida del campo visual y disnea, esta última progresiva, hasta llegar a la ventilación mecánica y shock obstructivo grave. Se realizó una angiotomografía, la cual evidenció un trombo obstructivo en la arterial pulmonar derecha; la paciente fue trombolizada con éxito y fue dada de alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos después de 45 días. Finalmente se le diagnosticó una deficiencia de proteína C y se inició anticoagulación de manera permanente. La presencia de déficit motor y disnea en una paciente post-cirugía de rodilla, debe hacer sospechar de una tromboembolia pulmonar, la trombólisis sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección, su indicación debe ser precoz.

ABSTRACT Coronary embolism (CE) is a rare cause of non-atherosclerotic acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The clinical presentation is similar to ACS, and the diagnosis is supported by Shibata criteria. Atrial fibrillation is the main reported etiology in CE cases. Management includes percutaneous intervention with thromboaspiration and anticoagulation. The following case is a description of a patient with acute chest pain and recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) with a rapid ventricular response, is described. A thrombotic lesion in the distal right coronary artery (RCA) of embolic origin, was documented. Successful mechanical thromboaspiration was performed; intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) showed no thrombus, dissection, or atherosclerotic plaque. CE is an underdiagnosed cause of ACS; diagnosis relies on Shibata criteria, and patients experience worse outcomes in follow-up.

ABSTRACT: Tumor embolization is a well-described cause of unexpected death in human oncologic patients; however, it is poorly explored in veterinary medicine. We report a case of pulmonary tumor embolization in a dog with sudden death. During necropsy, a neoplastic mass was observed replacing the left adrenal gland and forming an intravascular thrombus within the central adrenal vein. A large embolus occluded the left pulmonary artery. The adrenal mass was histologically confirmed as a pheochromocytoma, and the embolus was constituted of neoplastic cells. Multiple smaller neoplastic emboli were observed within the pulmonary artery branches. Tumor embolization should be considered as a possible cause of sudden death in dogs, particularly in oncologic patients. ABSTRACT welldescribed well described patients however medicine necropsy vein pheochromocytoma cells branches dogs

RESUMO: Embolismo tumoral é uma causa bem descrita de morte súbita em pacientes oncológicos humanos, entretanto, é pobremente explorado em medicina veterinária. Descreve-se um caso de embolização pulmonar neoplásica em um cão com morte súbita. Na necropsia, uma massa neoplásica foi observada substituindo a adrenal esquerda e formando um trombo intravascular na veia central da adrenal. Um êmbolo foi observado ocluindo a artéria pulmonar esquerda. A massa da adrenal foi histologicamente confirmada como um feocromocitoma, e o êmbolo era constituído de células neoplásicas. Múltiplos êmbolos neoplásicos menores foram observados histologicamente nas ramificações da artéria pulmonar. O Embolismo tumoral deve ser considerado como possível causa de morte súbita em cães, particularmente em pacientes oncológicos. RESUMO humanos entretanto veterinária Descrevese Descreve se necropsia feocromocitoma neoplásicas cães

Abstract Cardiac tumors are rare entities, among which atrial myxoma (AM) stands as the most frequent, accounting for approximately half of all reported cases. The incidence of AM is estimated to range from 0.001% to 0.3% within the general population, yet only about 0.06% of these cases present with coronary embolic events. We report on a 33-year-old male smoker who experienced acute, severe precordial pain radiating to the left upper limb, lasting for one hour. The electrocardiographic evaluation demonstrated ST-segment elevation in leads D2, D3, and aVF, alongside significantly elevated serum troponin levels, confirming a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Subsequent coronary angiography revealed proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery due to thrombus. An initial attempt of thrombus aspiration was unsuccessful, followed by primary angioplasty with balloon inflation without stent placement. Further diagnostic exploration through transthoracic echocardiography identified a homogenous, smooth-surfaced mass measuring 5.2 cm x 2.3 cm attached to the interatrial septum. This mass, characterized by lobulations, prolapsed into the mitral valve and left ventricle during diastole, consistent with AM. Surgical resection of the mass was successfully performed, with the patient being discharged asymptomatic. In the reported case, the patient's profile, notably his age, and gender, diverges from the typical epidemiological characteristics associated with AM. This case adds to the limited number of reports where the inferior wall is affected by the right coronary artery being occluded. This report emphasizes the significance of differential diagnoses in younger patients presenting with STEMI. entities (AM frequent 0001 0 001 0.001 03 3 0.3 population 006 06 0.06 events 33yearold yearold 33 year old acute limb hour STsegment ST segment D2 D D3 aVF levels STEMI . (STEMI) unsuccessful placement homogenous smoothsurfaced smooth surfaced 52 5 2 5. 23 2. septum lobulations diastole performed asymptomatic s profile age gender occluded 000 00 0.00 0. 0.0 (STEMI

Resumo Neoplasias cardíacas são raras, tendo como principal representante o mixoma atrial (MA), que corresponde a cerca de metade de todos os casos. O MA tem incidência estimada entre 0.001% e 0.3% na população em geral, no entanto apenas aproximadamente 0,06% desses cursam com eventos embólicos coronarianos. Homem de 33 anos, tabagista, admitido com quadro de precordialgia intensa e irradiação para membro superior esquerdo com duração de uma hora. O eletrocardiograma evidenciou elevação de segmento ST nas derivações D2, D3 e aVF troponina sérica elevada, confirmando infarto com supra desnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST). Foi realizada cineangiocoronariografia, a qual revelou oclusão em terço proximal de artéria coronária direita por trombo. Realizada tentativa de aspiração do trombo, sem sucesso, seguido por angioplastia primária com balão sem colocação de stent. Durante a investigação do quadro, paciente realizou ecocardiograma transtorácico o qual demonstrou massa homogênea de superfície regular, de 5.2 cm x 2.3 cm, aderida ao septo interatrial, com lobulações de características emboligênicas prolapsando para valva mitral e ventrículo esquerdo na diástole, compatível com MA. Foi realizada ressecção cirúrgica com paciente evoluindo assintomático, recebendo alta para seguimento ambulatorial. O caso relatado difere em idade e sexo do perfil epidemiológico típico sendo um dos poucos descritos com acometimento da parede inferior apresentando a artéria coronária direita como culpada. Este relato ratifica a importância do diagnóstico diferencial frente às apresentações de IAMCSST em jovens. raras MA, , (MA) casos 0001 0 001 0.001 03 3 0.3 geral 006 06 0,06 coronarianos anos tabagista hora D2 D elevada IAMCSST. . (IAMCSST) cineangiocoronariografia trombo sucesso stent regular 52 5 2 5. 23 2. interatrial diástole assintomático ambulatorial culpada jovens (MA 000 00 0.00 0. 0,0 (IAMCSST 0.0 0,

ABSTRACT Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the primary therapeutic option for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). Gastrointestinal symptoms and cutaneous rash are common side effects, with hyperkalemia being uncommon in patients without kidney dysfunction, and myelotoxicity being even rarer. We present the case of a male patient with hypertension and a recent diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, undergoing rituximab treatment for two months. He was admitted to the intensive care unit due to dyspnea, tachypnea, and pleuritic pain, requiring mechanical ventilation. Chest computed tomography showed bilateral and multilobed ground-glass opacities, compromising more than 80% of the lung parenchyma. Pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19 were ruled out. An angiotomography and Doppler ultrasound revealed an extensive pulmonary thrombus and deep venous thrombosis. Empiric treatment with TMP-SMX for PCP was initiated, but within four days, the patient experienced metabolic acidosis and severe hyperkalemia, necessitating hemodialysis. He also presented with progressive pancytopenia and critical levels of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The hypothesis of TMP-SMX-induced myelotoxicity was suspected. Considering the unavailability of an alternative treatment, it was opted to continue TMP-SMX and initiate a granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. However, the patient maintained medullary deterioration, becoming refractory to the transfusion of blood derivates. On the 17th day of treatment, a clinical decision was made to suspend TMP-SMX, leading to improvements within 48 hours in marrow and kidney functions, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia. Despite all efforts, the patient died after 35 days of hospitalization due to hospital-acquired infections. This case highlights the importance of clinicians recognizing potential myelotoxicity with TMP-SMX and promptly discontinuing the drug if necessary. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole TMPSMX TMP SMX (TMP-SMX PCP. . (PCP) effects dysfunction rarer nonHodgkin non Hodgkin lymphoma months dyspnea tachypnea pain ventilation groundglass ground glass opacities 80 parenchyma COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 out thrombosis initiated hemodialysis thrombocytopenia TMPSMXinduced induced suspected granulocytecolonystimulating granulocyte colony stimulating factor However deterioration derivates th TMPSMX, SMX, 4 functions efforts 3 hospitalacquired hospital acquired infections necessary (PCP 8 COVID1 1 COVID-

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to evaluate aspirin as a chemical prophylaxis (200 mg) in total hip arthroplasty. Methods: the study compared two groups and used ultrasonography (USG) to screen for low-deep venous thrombosis. Group 1 received 600 mg (control), and Group 2 received 200 mg of (intervention), associated with the use of elastic compression stockings and early walking Results: fourteen patients were allocated to Group A (200mg), and 16 to Group B (600mg); in group A (200mg), 3 cases with thrombus below the popliteal vein were detected at the first USG examination. All of them are in the left lower limb (21.4%). In group B (600 mg), 5 cases were identified after the first exam (31.2%). All cases were asymptomatic and followed the protocol with prophylaxis only with Aspirin. Conclusion: In the statistical data, there were no differences in the presence of thrombus between the 200- and 600 mg groups, which is credited to using low-dose aspirin in low doses (200mg). Hematimetric levels returned to baseline levels and suggested there was no chronic or acute bleeding related to the use of aspirin. The manuscript was prepared according to the CONSORT guideline 2010. Level of Evidence I; Longitudinal Randomized Comparative Clinical Study. Objective (20 arthroplasty Methods (USG lowdeep deep thrombosis 60 control, control , (control) 20 intervention, intervention (intervention) Results 200mg, 200mg (200mg) 600mg (600mg) examination 21.4%. 214 21.4% . 21 4 (21.4%) (60 mg, 31.2%. 312 31.2% 31 (31.2%) Aspirin Conclusion data lowdose dose 200mg. 2010 I Study (2 6 (control (intervention (200mg (600mg 21.4 (21.4% (6 31.2 (31.2% 201 ( 21. (21.4 31. (31.2 (21. (31. (21 (31 (3

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo pretende avaliar a aspirina como profilaxia química (200 mg) na artroplastia total do quadril. Métodos: estudo comparando dois grupos com diferentes doses de aspirina e utilizando a ultrassonografia (USG) para rastreamento da trombose venosa profunda baixa. O grupo 1, 650 mg ao dia de aspirina (controle) e o grupo 2, 200 mg de aspirina ao dia na mesma posologia (intervenção) e associados ao uso de meias elásticas de compressão e deambulação precoce. Resultados: quatorze pacientes foram alocados no grupo A (200 mg) e 16 no grupo B (650 mg). No grupo A foram detectados 3 casos com trombos abaixo da veia poplítea ao USG sendo 21,4%. Já no grupo B, 5 casos foram identificados após o primeiro exame (31,2%). Todos assintomáticos e sem sinais de sangramento ativo ou queda da hematimetria no momento da detecção dos trombos. Conclusão: os dados sugerem não haver diferença na incidência de trombo em ambos os grupos, não sendo a profilaxia com a aspirina dose-dependente. Os níveis hematimétricos retornaram aos níveis iniciais o que sugere não ter havido sangramento crônico ou agudo relacionado ao uso. Nível de Evidência I; Estudo Clínico Randomizado Longitudinal Comparativo. Objetivo (20 quadril Métodos (USG baixa 1 65 controle (controle 2 20 intervenção (intervenção precoce Resultados (65 mg. . 214 21 4 21,4% 31,2%. 312 31,2% 31 (31,2%) Conclusão dosedependente. dosedependente dose dependente. dependente dose-dependente I Comparativo (2 6 (6 21,4 31,2 (31,2% ( 21, 31, (31,2 (31, (31 (3

Resumo Antecedentes Há evidências crescentes de que biomarcadores inflamatórios desempenham um papel importante na trombose venosa cerebral (TVC). A razão neutrófilo-linfócito (NLR), a razão plaqueta-linfócito (PLR) e a razão monócito-linfócito (MLR) estão relacionadas a condições trombóticas e são indicadores de inflamação sistêmica. Objetivo Analisar a correlação entre NLR, PLR, MLR e a extensão do trombo, determinada pelo escore de TVC. Métodos Avaliamos retrospectivamente 40 pacientes com TVC (24 mulheres; 60%) e 40 controles pareados por idade e sexo. Biomarcadores inflamatórios, incluindo proteína C reativa (PCR), PLR, NLR, MLR e escore de TVC, foram registrados para avaliar a relação entre biomarcadores e carga trombótica. Os pacientes foram agrupados de acordo com a duração dos sintomas (grupo 1: 0–3 dias; grupo 2: 4–7 dias; e grupo 3: 8–30 dias) para a comparação dos níveis de biomarcadores. Resultados A PCR, a NLR e a PLR foram significativamente maiores no grupo com TVC (p< 0,001; p= 0,003; e p= 0,014, respectivamente). A NLR e a PLR apresentaram correlação positiva significativa com o escore de TVC (p= 0,003, r = 0,464; e p= 0,040, r = 0,326, respectivamente). A NLR foi significativamente maior no grupo 1 em comparação aos grupos 2 e 3 (p= 0,016 e p= 0,014, respectivamente). No grupo 1, houve correlação mais forte entre o escore de TVC e a NLR (p= 0,026, r = 0,591) e a PLR (p= 0,012, r = 0,648). A análise de regressão linear múltipla identificou a NLR como fator-chave na predição do escore de TVC (p= 0,019). Conclusão A NLR e a PLR estão associadas à carga trombótica na TVC, especialmente em pacientes admitidos precocemente, e a RNL é um fator independente na previsão da carga trombótica. . (TVC) neutrófilolinfócito neutrófilo linfócito , (NLR) plaquetalinfócito plaqueta (PLR monócitolinfócito monócito (MLR sistêmica trombo 4 24 (2 mulheres 60% 60 sexo PCR (PCR) 03 0 0– dias 47 7 4– 830 8 30 8–3 p< p (p 0,001 0001 001 0,003 0003 003 0014 014 0,014 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) 0,464 0464 464 0040 040 0,040 0326 326 0,326 0016 016 0,01 0026 026 0,026 0,591 0591 591 0012 012 0,012 0,648. 0648 0,648 648 0,648) fatorchave chave 0,019. 0019 0,019 019 0,019) precocemente (TVC (NLR ( 6 (PCR 83 8– 0,00 000 00 01 0,46 046 46 004 04 0,04 032 32 0,32 0,0 002 02 0,02 0,59 059 59 064 0,64 64 0,4 0,3 0, 0,5 05 5 06 0,6

Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory biomarkers play a significant role in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are related to thrombotic conditions and indicators of systemic inflammation. Objective To analyze the correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and the extent of thrombus, determined by the CVST-Score. Methods A total of 40 patients with CVST (24 female subjects; 60%) and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were retrospectively evaluated. Inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), PLR, NLR, MLR, and the CVST-Score, were recorded to assess the relationship between biomarkers and thrombus burden. The patients were grouped according to symptom duration (group 1: 0–3 days; group 2: 4–7 days; and group 3: 8–30 days) to compare biomarker levels. Results The CRP, NLR, and PLR were significantly higher in the CVST group (p< 0.001; p= 0.003; p= 0.014 respectively). The NLR and PLR presented a significant positive correlation with the CVST-Score (p= 0.003, r = 0.464; p= 0.040, r = 0.326 respectively). The NLR was significantly higher in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (p= 0.016 and p= 0.014 respectively). In group 1, there was a stronger positive correlation between the CVST-Score and the NLR (p= 0.026, r = 0.591) and the PLR (p= 0.012, r = 0.648). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the NLR is a key factor in predicting the CVST-Score (p= 0.019). Conclusion The NLR and PLR are associated with thrombus burden in CVST, especially in patients admitted to the hospital in the early stages. The NLR is an independent factor to predict the thrombus burden in CVST. . (CVST) neutrophiltolymphocyte neutrophil lymphocyte , (NLR) platelettolymphocyte platelet (PLR) monocytetolymphocyte monocyte MLR (MLR inflammation CVSTScore. CVSTScore Score. Score 4 24 (2 subjects 60% 60 age sexmatched sex matched evaluated Creactive C reactive CRP (CRP) CVSTScore, Score, 03 0 0– days 47 7 4– 830 8 30 8–3 levels p< p (p 0.001 0001 001 0.003 0003 003 0014 014 0.01 respectively. respectively respectively) 0.464 0464 464 0040 040 0.040 0326 326 0.32 0016 016 0026 026 0.026 0.591 0591 591 0012 012 0.012 0.648. 0648 0.648 648 0.648) 0.019. 0019 0.019 019 0.019) stages (CVST (NLR (PLR ( 6 (CRP 83 8– 0.00 000 00 01 0.0 0.46 046 46 004 04 0.04 032 32 0.3 002 02 0.02 0.59 059 59 064 0.64 64 0. 0.4 0.5 05 5 06 0.6

ABSTRACT Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis is due to the formation of a thrombus that partially or totally blocks deep venous circulation. Thrombosis in children is a rare disease compared to the prevalence in adults, however it is increasingly recognized and associated with serious consequences. Objective: To report a case of neonatal deep vein thrombosis due to its rarity and the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment. Case report: A nine-day-old newborn with Apgar 2/7 is reported, due to an increased volume and cyanosis of the entire right lower limb, whining crying and tachycardia. A deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed. Conclusions: Pediatric deep vein thrombosis is a rare disease with higher incidence in newborns. Its recognition is important because it is associated with serious consequences, both vital and for the development of the newborn. The treatment required the use of anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin, active multidisciplinary management and the risk/benefit ratio was prioritized.

RESUMEN Introducción: La trombosis venosa profunda se debe a la formación de un trombo que bloquea parcial o totalmente la circulación venosa profunda. La trombosis en niños es una enfermedad rara si se le compara con su prevalencia en adultos, pero de creciente reconocimiento y asociada a graves consecuencias. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de trombosis venosa profunda neonatal por su infrecuencia y la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento oportuno. Presentación de caso: Se presenta un neonato de nueve días con Apgar 2/7, con aumento de volumen y cianosis del miembro inferior derecho en toda su extensión, llanto quejumbroso y taquicardia. Se diagnosticó una trombosis venosa profunda. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la trombosis venosa profunda pediátrica es una enfermedad infrecuente, con mayor incidencia en recién nacidos. En este caso la causa se atribuye a la integración de varios factores de riesgo como presentar un catéter venoso periférico epicutáneo de safena mayor en miembro inferior derecho y la manipulación del paciente al momento del nacimiento. El tratamiento requirió uso de anticoagulación con heparina de bajo peso molecular, manejo activo y de forma multidisciplinaria y se priorizó la relación riesgo/beneficio.

Abstract Background Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are the recommended first-line treatment for left ventricular thrombus (LVT); however, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been considered an alternative therapy. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DOACs compared with VKAs therapy in patients with LVT. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were systematically searched for randomized clinical trials or cohort studies that compared DOACs versus VKAs for LVT. Risk ratios (RRs) were computed for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistical significance was defined as p value < 0.05. Results A total of 4 randomized clinical trials and 29 cohort studies were included, with 4,450 patients assigned to either DOACs or VKAs. There was no significant difference between groups for stroke or systemic embolic (SSE) events (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.07; p = 0.157), stroke (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.11; p = 0.140), systemic embolic (SE) events (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.17; p = 0.166), thrombus resolution (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.11; p = 0.077), any bleeding (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.00; p = 0.054), clinically relevant bleeding (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.03; p = 0.066), minor bleeding (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.23; p = 0.234), major bleeding (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.80; p = 0.705), and all-cause mortality (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.39; p = 0.752). Compared with VKAs, rivaroxaban significantly reduced SSE events (RR 0.35; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.91; p = 0.029) and SE events (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.95; p = 0.037). Conclusions DOACs had a similar rate of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events, as well as thrombus resolution, compared to VKAs in the treatment of LVTs. Rivaroxaban therapy had a significant reduction in thromboembolic events, compared to VKAs. (VKAs firstline first line LVT (LVT) however (DOACs PubMed Embase RRs (RRs endpoints 95 (95 CIs. CIs . CIs) 005 0 05 0.05 2 included 4450 450 4,45 (SSE RR 0.84 084 84 065 65 0.6 1.07 107 1 07 0.157, 0157 0.157 , 157 0.157) 0.73 073 73 048 48 0.4 1.11 111 11 0.140, 0140 0.140 140 0.140) (SE 0.69 069 69 040 40 1.17 117 17 0.166, 0166 0.166 166 0.166) 1.05 105 099 99 0.9 0.077, 0077 0.077 077 0.077) 0.78 078 78 060 60 1.00 100 00 0.054, 0054 0.054 054 0.054) 046 46 1.03 103 03 0.066, 0066 0.066 066 0.066) 043 43 1.23 123 23 0.234, 0234 0.234 234 0.234) 0.87 087 87 042 42 1.80 180 80 0.705, 0705 0.705 705 0.705) allcause all cause 079 79 0.7 1.39 139 39 0.752. 0752 0.752 752 0.752) 0.35 035 35 016 16 0.1 0.91 091 91 0.029 0029 029 0.39 039 0.95 095 0.037. 0037 0.037 037 0.037) LVTs (LVT 9 (9 0.0 445 45 4,4 0.8 08 8 06 6 0. 1.0 10 015 0.15 15 7 04 1.1 014 0.14 14 09 007 0.07 006 0.06 1.2 12 023 0.23 1.8 18 070 0.70 70 1.3 13 3 075 0.75 75 0.3 01 0.02 002 02 003 0.03 ( 44 4, 1. 0.2

Resumo Fundamento Os antagonistas da vitamina K (AVKs) são o tratamento de primeira linha recomendado para trombo ventricular esquerdo (TVE); entretanto, os anticoagulantes orais diretos (AODs) têm sido considerados uma terapia alternativa. Objetivos Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança dos AODs em comparação com a terapia com AVKs em pacientes com TVE. Métodos PubMed, Embase e Cochrane foram sistematicamente pesquisados em busca de ensaios clínicos randomizados ou estudos de coorte que comparassem AODs versus AVKs para TVE. As razões de risco (RR) foram calculadas para desfechos binários, com intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. A significância estatística foi definida como valor de p < 0,05. Resultados Foram incluídos um total de 4 ensaios clínicos randomizados e 29 estudos de coorte, com 4.450 pacientes designados para AODs ou AVKs. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para acidente vascular cerebral ou eventos embólicos sistêmicos (AVC/EES) (RR 0,84; IC 95% 0,65 a 1,07; p = 0,157), acidente vascular cerebral (RR 0,73; IC 95% 0,48 a 1,11; p = 0,140), eventos embólicos sistêmicos (EES) (RR 0,69; IC 95% 0,40 a 1,17; p = 0,166), resolução do trombo (RR 1,05; IC 95% 0,99 a 1,11; p = 0,077), qualquer sangramento (RR 0,78; IC 95% 0,60 a 1,00; p = 0,054), sangramento clinicamente relevante (RR 0,69; IC 95% 0,46 a 1,03; p = 0,066), sangramento menor (RR 0,73; IC 95% 0,43 a 1,23; p = 0,234), sangramento maior (RR 0,87; IC 95% 0,42 a 1,80; p = 0,705) e mortalidade por todas as causas (RR 1,05; IC 95% 0,79 a 1,39; p = 0,752). Em comparação com AVKs, a rivaroxabana reduziu significativamente AVC/EES (RR 0,35; IC 95% 0,16 a 0,91; p = 0,029) e EES (RR 0,39; IC 95% 0,16 a 0,95; p = 0,037). Conclusões Os AODs tiveram uma taxa semelhante de eventos tromboembólicos e hemorrágicos, bem como de resolução do trombo, em comparação com os AVKs no tratamento de TVE. A terapia com rivaroxabana teve uma redução significativa nos eventos tromboembólicos, em comparação com os AVKs. (AVKs TVE (TVE) entretanto (AODs alternativa PubMed RR binários (IC 95 005 0 05 0,05 2 4450 450 4.45 AVCEES AVC (AVC/EES 0,84 084 84 065 65 0,6 1,07 107 1 07 0,157, 0157 0,157 , 157 0,157) 0,73 073 73 048 48 0,4 1,11 111 11 0,140, 0140 0,140 140 0,140) (EES 0,69 069 69 040 40 1,17 117 17 0,166, 0166 0,166 166 0,166) 1,05 105 099 99 0,9 0,077, 0077 0,077 077 0,077) 0,78 078 78 060 60 1,00 100 00 0,054, 0054 0,054 054 0,054) 046 46 1,03 103 03 0,066, 0066 0,066 066 0,066) 043 43 1,23 123 23 0,234, 0234 0,234 234 0,234) 0,87 087 87 042 42 1,80 180 80 0,705 0705 705 079 79 0,7 1,39 139 39 0,752. 0752 0,752 . 752 0,752) 0,35 035 35 016 16 0,1 0,91 091 91 0,029 0029 029 0,39 039 0,95 095 0,037. 0037 0,037 037 0,037) hemorrágicos (TVE 9 0,0 445 45 4.4 0,8 08 8 06 6 0, 1,0 10 015 0,15 15 7 04 1,1 014 0,14 14 09 007 0,07 006 0,06 1,2 12 023 0,23 1,8 18 0,70 070 70 1,3 13 3 075 0,75 75 0,3 01 0,02 002 02 003 0,03 44 4. 1, 0,2

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Several studies have investigated the correlation between the effects of different surgical treatments and laboratory exams for schistosomal portal hypertension, especially concerning portal system thrombosis. The etiopathogenic factors of this thrombosis are not fully understood. In this study, the correlation between surgical treatment for schistosomal portal hypertension and the occurrence of postoperative portal system thrombosis was investigated. METHODS: A total of 61 patients who underwent surgical treatment for schistosomal portal hypertension were distributed into four groups: Patients in Group 1 (n=12) underwent portal variceal disconnection associated with splenic artery ligation and spleen preservation. Patients in Group 2 (n=20) underwent portal variceal disconnection and total splenectomy. Patients in Group 3 (n=20) underwent portal variceal disconnection with subtotal splenectomy, preserving the upper splenic pole supplied by the splenogastric vessels. Patients in Group 4 (n=9) underwent portal variceal disconnection with total splenectomy and autogenous splenic implants on the greater omentum. Late postoperative portal vein thrombosis was diagnosed using Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS: Over the 10-year follow-up, portal vein thrombosis occurred in 26 operated patients (42.6%), with no significant difference observed among the four surgical groups (p=0.217). Most of the thrombi only partially occluded the portal system veins. All the patients presented with a thrombus inside the portal vein. There was no difference in hematological and biochemical tests between groups with or without portal vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein thrombosis is often observed in the late postoperative period, irrespective of the surgical treatment employed, and is not associated with patient characteristics or any hematological and biochemical tests. OBJECTIVE understood study METHODS 6 n=12 n12 n 12 (n=12 preservation n=20 n20 20 (n=20 vessels n=9 n9 9 (n=9 omentum ultrasound RESULTS 10year year 10 followup, followup follow up, up follow-up 42.6%, 426 42.6% , 42 (42.6%) p=0.217. p0217 p p=0.217 . 0 217 (p=0.217) veins CONCLUSIONS period employed n=1 n1 (n=1 n=2 n2 (n=2 n= (n= 42.6 (42.6% p021 p=0.21 21 (p=0.217 (n 42. (42.6 p02 p=0.2 (p=0.21 (42. p0 p=0. (p=0.2 (42 p=0 (p=0. (4 p= (p=0 ( (p= (p