Abstract We studied the distribution and population status of the Cheer pheasant (Catreus wallichii) in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K). Study was mainly conducted in four localities Jhelum Valley (JV), Machiara National Park (MNP), Haveli and Nar Sher Ali Khan (NSAK) from 2016-2020, for five breeding seasons. Population status of Cheer pheasant was determined by the call counts method. In total 105 breeding pairs (210 birds) were estimated highest (134) being recorded from Jhelum valley followed by MNP, Haveli and Nar Sher Ali Khan While applying correction factor 158 birds were recorded. Extensive surveys were carried out in an area of 19.23 km2. Our results indicate an expansion in distribution ranges of Cheer pheasant and population has established in several new sites. Highest Mean population density of 6.11pair/km2 was recorded in Qazi Nag area of Jhelum Valley. The mean population density of Cheer pheasant was slightly higher in the month of May. Furthermore, 58% of the calling birds were detected at elevations ranging from 2300-2600m, while 17% were found at elevations between 1900-2200m. Expansion in distribution ranges of Cheer might be due to reason that bird might have been underestimated in the past or conservation measures and community awareness programs taken by the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, AJ&K. Catreus wallichii AJK AJ&K . AJ K (AJ&K) JV, JV , (JV) MNP (MNP) NSAK (NSAK 20162020, 20162020 2016 2020, 2020 2016-2020 seasons method 10 210 (21 134 (134 15 1923 19 23 19.2 km2 km sites 611pairkm2 pairkm 6 11pair pair 6.11pair/km May Furthermore 58 23002600m, 23002600m m 2300 2600m, 2600m 2300-2600m 17 19002200m. 19002200m 1900 2200m. 2200m 1900-2200m Fisheries (AJ&K (JV (MNP 2016202 201 202 2016-202 1 21 (2 13 (13 192 2 19. 611pairkm 5 230 190 201620 20 2016-20 ( (1 20162 2016-2 2016-

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição e o status populacional do faisão Cheer (Catreus wallichii) em Azad Jammu e Caxemira (AJ&K). A pesquisa foi realizada principalmente em quatro localidades: Vale Jhelum (JV), Parque Nacional Machiara (MNP), Haveli e Nar Sher Ali Khan (NSAK), de 2016 a 2020, durante cinco temporadas de reprodução. O status populacional do faisão Cheer foi determinado pelo método de contagem de chamadas. No total, 105 pares reprodutores (210 pássaros) foram estimados, com o maior número (134) registrado no vale Jhelum, seguido por MNP, Haveli e Nar Sher Ali Khan. Ao aplicar o fator de correção, 158 pássaros foram registrados. Pesquisas extensas foram realizadas em uma área de 19,23 km2. Os resultados indicam uma expansão nas faixas de distribuição do faisão Cheer, com populações estabelecidas em vários novos locais. A maior densidade populacional média de 6,11 pares/km2 foi registrada na área de Qazi Nag, no Vale Jhelum. A densidade populacional média do faisão Cheer foi ligeiramente maior no mês de maio. Além disso, 58% dos pássaros cantores foram detectados em elevações variando de 2.300-2.600 m, enquanto 17% foram encontrados em elevações entre 1.900-2.200 m. A expansão nas faixas de distribuição do Cheer pode ser devido ao fato de que o pássaro pode ter sido subestimado no passado ou medidas de conservação e programas de conscientização da comunidade implementados pelo Departamento de Vida Selvagem e Pesca de AJ&K. Catreus wallichii AJK AJ&K . AJ K (AJ&K) localidades JV, JV , (JV) MNP (MNP) NSAK, NSAK (NSAK) 201 2020 reprodução chamadas total 10 210 (21 estimados 134 (134 correção 15 registrados 1923 19 23 19,2 km2 km locais 611 6 11 6,1 pareskm2 pareskm pares/km Nag maio disso 58 2.3002.600 23002600 2.300 2.600 2 300 600 2.300-2.60 m 17 1.9002.200 19002200 1.900 2.200 1 900 200 1.900-2.20 (AJ&K (JV (MNP (NSAK 20 202 21 (2 13 (13 192 19, 61 6, 5 3002 2.3002.60 2300260 2300 2.30 2600 2.60 30 60 2.300-2.6 9002 1.9002.20 1900220 1900 1.90 2200 2.20 90 1.900-2.2 ( (1 2.3002.6 230026 230 2.3 260 2.6 3 2.300-2. 1.9002.2 190022 190 1.9 220 2.2 9 1.900-2. 2.3002. 23002 2. 26 2.300-2 1.9002. 19002 1. 22 1.900-2 2.3002 2.300- 1.9002 1.900-

Resumo As florestas ribeirinhas são ecossistemas únicos e altamente significativos que são globalmente importantes para diversas espécies de aves ameaçadas de extinção. Além de serem o berço da vida, também servem como um conjunto genético que abriga uma variedade de espécies da flora e da fauna. Apesar disso, esse frágil ecossistema abrigava um conjunto de aves, mas agora está desaparecendo diariamente como resultado da atividade humana. Determinar a produtividade do hábitat usando espécies de pássaros é fundamental para a conservação e melhor gestão no futuro. Vários levantamentos foram realizados ao longo de um período de 15 meses, de janeiro de 2018 a março de 2019, por meio do método de contagem de pontos de amostragem de distância. Foram fixadas sistematicamente 250 estações de contagem de pontos em intervalos de 300 m. No total, foram registrados 9.929 indivíduos de aves, representando 57 espécies e 34 famílias. Das 57 espécies de aves, duas eram vulneráveis, uma tinha dados insuficientes, uma estava quase ameaçada e as 53 espécies restantes eram as menos preocupantes. O: Pomba de colar euroasiática - Streptopelia decaocto (14.641 ± 2.532/ha), o Bulbul de orelha branca - Pycnonotus leucotis (13.398 ± 4.342/ha) e Tagarela comum - Turdoides caudata (10.244 ± 2.345/ha) foram as três primeiras espécies abundantes com maiores densidades. No entanto, as densidades de três espécies, Papa-amoras-cinzento (Sylvia curruca), Garça-real-europeia (Ardea cinerea) e Águia-pescadora de Pallas (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), não foram analisadas por causa do pequeno tamanho da amostra. Os resultados dos índices de diversidade revelaram que a floresta ribeirinha abrigou diversas espécies de aves que estão uniformemente dispersas pela floresta. Além disso, o registro das dez guildas de forrageamento indicou que a floresta ribeirinha é rica em recursos alimentares. Além disso, os resultados do índice de valor de importância da estrutura florística indicaram que a floresta ribeirinha é variada e rica em flora, ou seja, árvores, arbustos, ervas daninhas e grama, tornando-a um hábitat atraente e produtivo para espécies de aves.

Abstract Riverine forests are unique and highly significant ecosystems that are globally important for diverse and threatened avian species. Apart from being a cradle of life, it also serves as a gene pool that harbors a variety of flora and fauna species (repeated below). Despite the fact, this fragile ecosystem harbored avian assemblages; it is now disappearing daily as a result of human activity. Determining habitat productivity using bird species is critical for conservation and better management in the future. Multiple surveys were conducted over a 15-month period, from January to March 2019, using the distance sampling point count method. A total of 250 point count stations were fixed systematically at 300 m intervals. In total, 9929 bird individuals were recorded, representing 57 species and 34 families. Out of 57 bird species, two were vulnerable, one was data deficient, one was nearly threatened, and the remaining 53 species were of least concern. The Eurasian Collard Dove – Streptopelia decaocto (14.641 ± 2.532/ha), White-eared Bulbul – Pycnonotus leucotis (13.398 ± 4.342/ha) and Common Babbler – Turdoides caudata (10.244 ± 2.345/ha) were the three first plenteous species having higher densities. However, the densities of three species, i.e., Lesser Whitethroat – Sylvia curruca, Gray Heron – Ardea cinerea and Pallas Fish Eagle – Haliaeetus leucoryphus, were not analyzed due to the small sample size. The findings of diversity indices revealed that riverine forest has harbored the diverse avian species that are uniformly dispersed across the forest. Moreover, recording the ten foraging guilds indicated that riverine forest is rich in food resources. In addition, the floristic structure importance value index results indicated that riverine forest is diverse and rich in flora, i.e. trees, shrubs, weeds and grass, making it an attractive and productive habitat for bird species.

Abstract We announce the mitochondrial genomes of seven species of the genus Sporophila (S. bouvreuil, S. iberaensis, S. melanogaster, S. minuta, S. nigrorufa, S. pileata, and S. ruficollis) which were validated by comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis with related species. The mitochondrial genomes of seven passerines of the genus Sporophila were assembled (three complete and four nearly complete genomes) and were validated by reconstructing phylogenetic relations within Thraupidae. The complete mitogenomes ranged from 16,781 bp in S. ruficollis to 16,791 bp in S. minuta. We identified a conserved genome composition within all mitogenomes with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and two rRNAs. We observed a bias in the nucleotide composition and six mutational hotspots in Sporophila mitogenomes. Our mitogenome-based phylogenetic tree has S. minuta, S. maximiliani and S. nigricollis as sister species of the remaining species in the genus. We present new mitogenome sequences for seven Sporophila species, providing new genomic resources that may be useful for research on the evolution, comparative genetics, and conservation of this threatened group. S (S bouvreuil iberaensis melanogaster minuta nigrorufa pileata three Thraupidae 16781 16 781 16,78 16791 791 16,79 1 proteincoding protein coding genes 2 rRNAs mitogenomebased based evolution genetics group 1678 78 16,7 1679 79 167 7 16,

Abstract We evaluated the bird composition, forest dependence, trophic guilds and avian representativeness associated with 7, 10 and 15 years old reforestations and mature forest patches in order to verify the successional process and avian contribution to the forest restoration. Analyses revealed a segregation of bird composition with a gradual increasing in forest dependent species from 7 years to mature forest. Detrended Correspondence Analysis ranged from those birds often present in semi-open habitats to forest birds, canopy frugivorous and understory insectivorous as the successional stages progressed from the most recent reforestation to the most mature. Although 7 and 10 years of reforestation had the largest composition range, the more generalist, granivorous and forest independent birds, three years were enough to have different bird diversity between them. Avifauna of 15 years patches resembled most closely that of mature forest but still lacked 18 species. In this way, we addressed: 1) planting of herbaceous/shrub and freshy-fruited species in reforestations and; 2) establish riparian forest corridors along the Paraná river to connect these reforestation patches with mature forest. These measures will allow higher avian beta-diversity to maximize the diaspores dispersed by birds to expand and accelerate the rehabilitation of this threatened for forest. dependence 1 restoration semiopen semi open range generalist them way addressed herbaceousshrub herbaceous shrub freshyfruited freshy fruited 2 betadiversity beta

Abstract A part two of Accipitridae Family members that belong to three genera: Circus, Gyps, and Neophron were documented as morphometrics, distribution ranges, and conservation status were reviewed and comprehensively discussed. A total of 29 voucher specimens belong to six species which are conserved in the “Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum INHM” as follow: Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758), Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus, 1766), Montagus Harrier Circus pygargus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus (Gmelin, 1770), Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus, 1758), and Griffon vulture Gyps fulfus (Hablitz, 1783). The results revealed significant criteria about near threatened NT species IUCN and Birdlife International listed as Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus, and Endangered (EN) species as Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus globally decreasing population trend. genera morphometrics ranges discussed 2 Iraq INHM follow Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1758, 1758 , 1758) 1766, 1766 1766) Gmelin, Gmelin (Gmelin 1770, 1770 1770) Hablitz, Hablitz (Hablitz 1783. 1783 . 1783) EN (EN trend 175 176 177 178 17 1

Abstract The lowland Atlantic Forest, at altitudes of below 500 m, is highly fragmented, and is home to many threatened species of birds. The Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro has a high concentration of threatened birds in the Americas and is an important residual of the dense ombrophilous formations of the Atlantic Forest, which includes the Reserva Biológica União, a high priority area for conservation of Atlantic Forest birds. This study compiled empirical and secondary records of threatened birds in this reserve and discusses potential factors determining their local occurrence. Since 2008, regular observations, including transect surveys and mist-netting, in addiction to secondary data, have provided records of 306 bird species, of which 49 appear on red lists at some level (state, national or global), including 34 listed as endangered, of which 13 are listed globally, eight of them dependent on well-conserved lowland rainforest. Future studies should include new areas of the reserve, with the aim of confirming the presence of additional threatened species. The long-term conservation of this fauna will depend not only on the adequate management of the reserve, but also the reestablishment of its connectivity with adjacent forest fragments and upland areas in the state. 50 m fragmented União occurrence 2008 observations mistnetting, mistnetting mist netting, netting mist-netting data 30 4 state, (state global, global , global) 3 endangered 1 globally wellconserved well conserved rainforest longterm long term 5 200 20 2

ABSTRACT The Amazon Basin harbors one of the most diverse avifaunas in the world, especially in the interfluvial region between the Madeira and Tapajós rivers, with many endemic and recently described species. Even though ornithologists have visited the region since the 19th century, there is little basic information about the local birds. Herein, the ornithological results of a scientific expedition carried out in the central and upper regions of the Abacaxis River are reported. A total of 356 bird species were recorded, including two that are threatened and five that are endemic to the region. The avian community of this species-rich region is very similar to more eastern communities, but the Abacaxis River does not form a geographic barrier for birds. The rapid loss of forest in the Amazon Basin makes it necessary to generate the type of of information provided in this study, to aid in conservation efforts. world rivers th century birds Herein reported 35 recorded speciesrich rich communities study efforts 3

RESUMO A intensidade de pastejo é um dos principais fatores que moldam a estrutura da vegetação, influenciando a comunidade de aves campestres. Aves de grama alta, incluindo diversas espécies ameaçadas, dependem de baixas intensidades ou exclusão de pastejo, pouco praticadas no Pampa. Aqui, avaliamos a comunidade de aves em campos sob intensidade de pastejo moderada, baixa e sob exclusão de pastejo. Estabelecemos 3 transecções, uma em cada uma destas condições. As três transecções foram amostradas mensalmente, durante 13 meses, registrando as espécies e suas abundâncias e posteriormente relacionando-as com as condições da vegetação observadas. As três áreas apresentaram riqueza e diversidade (H’) de espécies muito semelhantes entre si, variando de 50 a 54 espécies, e de 2,79 a 2,95, respectivamente. A abundância de indivíduos, foi favorecida pela diminuição da intensidade e pela exclusão de pastejo. De modo geral, espécies de aves associadas à grama curta foram mais representativas na área sob pastejo moderado, enquanto as associadas à grama alta foram favorecidas pela baixa intensidade e exclusão de pastejo. A vegetação mais alta e densa, das áreas menos impactadas pelo gado, foi especialmente importante para as espécies ameaçadas de extinção, como Culicivora caudacuta Vieillot, 1818 e Sporophila cinnamomea Lafresnaye, 1839 fornecendo abrigo, poleiros e substrato para construção e fixação de ninhos. Corroboramos, dessa forma, a necessidade de áreas com distintas intensidades de pastejo, formando um mosaico com diferentes alturas de vegetação, mantendo a diversidade de aves campestres. São necessárias, porém, mais áreas com baixa intensidade ou exclusão de pastejo, das quais diversas espécies ameaçadas dependem. Contudo, estas áreas também devem ser manejadas, evitando o desenvolvimento de excessiva vegetação lenhosa, que pode levar à descaracterização da vegetação campestre, afetando a avifauna a ela associada. campestres Pampa Aqui moderada mensalmente 1 meses relacionandoas relacionando observadas H (H’ si 5 279 2 79 2,7 295 95 2,95 respectivamente indivíduos geral moderado densa gado extinção Vieillot 181 Lafresnaye 183 abrigo ninhos Corroboramos forma necessárias porém Contudo manejadas lenhosa campestre associada (H 27 7 2, 29 9 2,9 18

ABSTRACT Grazing intensity is one of the main factors that shape vegetation structure, influencing the grassland bird community. Tall grass birds, including several threatened species, are depending on low intensities or exclusion of grazing, which is rarely practiced in Pampa. In this study we evaluate how grazing intensities affects the bird community in Brazilian Pampa grasslands. We established three transect lines, one each grazing treatment (moderate and low intensity, and on an area with cattle exclusion). During 13 months, transects were sampled monthly to record the diversity and abundance of bird species. All three areas presented very similar species richness, ranging from 50 to 54 species, and diversity (H’) ranging from 2.79 to 2.95. The abundance was favored by the decrease in intensity and the exclusion of grazing. In general, shortgrass bird species were more representative in the area under moderate grazing, while tallgrass birds were favored by low intensity and grazing exclusion. The taller and denser vegetation, in areas less impacted by livestock, was especially important for endangered species, such as Culicivora caudacuta Vieillot, 1818 and Sporophila cinnamomea Lafresnaye, 1839, providing shelter, perches and substrate for building and fixing nests. We corroborate the need for areas with distinct grazing intensities, forming a mosaic with different heights of vegetation, maintaining the grassland bird diversity. However, more areas with low intensity or exclusion of grazing are needed, on which several threatened species depend. Although, even these areas must be managed, avoiding the encroachment of excessive woody vegetation, which can lead to the deterioration of grassland vegetation, affecting the associated birdlife. structure grasslands lines . exclusion) 1 months richness 5 H (H’ 279 2 79 2.7 295 95 2.95 general livestock Vieillot 181 Lafresnaye 1839 shelter nests However needed depend Although managed birdlife (H 27 7 2. 29 9 2.9 18 183

RESUMEN El Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña (BMM) del centro de Veracruz, México, representa un paisaje alterado por actividades antrópicas, por lo que es necesario evaluar el potencial evolutivo y adaptativo de las aves refugiadas en el sitio, las cuales se enfrentan a un paisaje con un gradiente heterogéneo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad de aves en fragmentos de BMM y vegetación secundaria (VS), en el predio Finca La Pastoría, Huatusco, Veracruz, así como, asociar su presencia y/o alimentación a cada hábitat evaluado. Se identificaron las especies y número de individuos en 14 sitios de observación de aves, con el método de muestreo basado en conteo por puntos con radio fijo de 30 m. Se registraron 100 especies pertenecientes a 33 familias y 15 órdenes. En el BMM se identificaron 916 individuos, correspondientes a 89 especies, y en VS 331 individuos de 54 especies, encontrando diferencias significativas de diversidad de aves entre coberturas de muestreo. Destacan los registros de Dendrortyx barbatus, Leptotila verreauxi y Vireo griseus, por ser endémicas. La primera está clasificada en peligro de extinción, mientras que la segunda se encuentra sujeta a protección especial y la tercera amenazada. También se registraron Pionus senilis, especie amenazada; Falco peregrinus, Micrastur semitorquatus, Passerina ciris, Psarocolius montezuma, Myadestes occidentalis y Amazona albifrons, sujetas a protección especial. Este estudio brinda información sobre cómo la avifauna hace uso diferencial de dos coberturas de vegetación, la cual puede servir para generar estrategias sustentables para el manejo y conservación del bosque.

ABSTRACT The Cloud Forest (CF) in central Veracruz, Mexico, represents a landscape that has been altered by anthropic activities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the evolutionary and adaptive potential of the birds sheltered in the site, which face a landscape with a heterogeneous gradient. The objective of the study was to describe the diversity of birds in fragments of CF and secondary vegetation (VS), in the property “Finca La Pastoría”, Huatusco, Veracruz. The species and number of individuals in 14 bird watching sites were identified, with the sampling method based on counting points with a fixed radius of 30 m. 100 species from 33 families and 15 orders were recorded. In the CF, 916 individuals were identified, corresponding to 89 species, and in VS 331 individuals of 54 species, finding significant differences in bird diversity between sampling coverages. The records of Dendrortyx barbatus, Leptotila verreauxi and Vireo griseus stand out for being endemic and classified as endangered and threatened, respectively. Furthermore, Pionus senilis, a threatened species, as well as Falco peregrinus, Micrastur semitorquatus, Passerina ciris, Psarocolius montezuma, Myadestes occidentalis and Amazona albifrons, subject to special protection, were also recorded. This study provides information on how the birds make differential use of two vegetation covers, which can be used to generate sustainable strategies for forest management and conservation.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Caribbean is the second most polluted sea by debris in the world. Urban waste from this region goes to open dumps and 85% of its wastewater is not treated, arriving a great proportion to the beaches. The Guanahacabibes National Park is Biosphere Reserve and the sea turtles that nest on its beaches are on the Red List of threatened species, also there are fish associated with the coral reef and seabirds in the area. Objective: To determine the risk of ecological impact of debris that end on the “El Holandés” beach of the Guanahacabibes National Park on animal biota. Materials and Methods: The collected debris was quantified and classified by type, possible origin and color. The risk of its ecological impact on animal biota was determined. Results and Discussion: The areas to the east of the camp are more contaminated with the presence of marine debris. White and blue plastic predominated (mainly lids and containers); the number of fragments whose function cannot be identified is large. There is a risk that the plastic material may be swallowed by sea turtles, birds and fish by being confused with food or hinder their normal behavior. The presence of sargassum in large quantities is a source of entry of marine debris. Conclusions: The importance of carrying out the systematic collection of marine debris is corroborated, since it is risky for the life of sea turtles, fish and birds. There is a base line for a longitudinal study.

RESUMEN Introducción: El Caribe es el segundo mar más contaminado por basura del mundo. Los residuos urbanos de esta región van a basureros a cielo abierto y el 85% de sus aguas residuales no son tratadas, arribando gran parte de estas a las playas. El Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes de Cuba es Reserva de la Biosfera y las tortugas marinas que anidan en sus playas están en la Lista Roja de especies amenazadas, existiendo peces asociados al arrecife coralino y aves marinas en el área. Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de impacto ecológico de basura recalada en la playa “El Holandés” del Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes sobre la biota animal. Materiales y Métodos: La basura recolectada se cuantificó y clasificó por tipología, posible origen y color. Se determinó el riesgo de su impacto ecológico sobre la biota animal. Resultados y Discusión: Las áreas al este del campamento están más contaminadas. Predomina plástico blanco y azul (fundamentalmente tapas y envases); el número de fragmentos cuya función no fue identificada es grande. Existe riesgo de que el material plástico sea ingerido por tortugas marinas, aves y peces al ser confundidos con alimentos u obstaculice su comportamiento normal. La presencia de sargazo en grandes cantidades es una fuente de entrada de basura marina. Conclusiones: Se corrobora la importancia de realizar la recogida sistemática de basura marina, al ser riesgosa para la vida de tortugas marinas, peces y aves. Se cuenta con una línea base para un estudio longitudinal.

Summary: The Reserve for Park San Rafael (Itapúa and Caazapá Departments) is one of the last large remnants of BAAPA and is the biggest conservation priority at the national level since it contains the country’s highest bird species richness. The objective was to analyze the richness and composition of birds in forest fragments and its areas of influence of soy agricultural areas at Reserve for Park San Rafael, utilizing the methods of MacKinnon 10 species list, during 8 periods between November 2017 and February 2020. 177 bird species, belonging to 47 families and 19 orders were registered. Of these, 114 have been registered in 27 lists for forest environments and 134 species in 69 lists in productive zones. 31 of these species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Alto Parana, including the vinaceous-breasted parrot Amazona vinacea (endangered at the international level) and the southern bristle tyrant Phylloscartes eximius (Near-Threatened). At the national level, 28 endemic species are threatened with extinction at the national level. Bird species exclusive to the forest zone and species exclusive to the productive zone were recorded, resulting in a 63.27% complementarity. Despite the changes in land use to which the study area is subjected, a great diversity of birds was recorded, highlighting the high number of endemic and threatened species at the national and international level, both in the sites sampled within the reserve. and its buffer zone. These data contribute to knowledge and highlight the importance of these remnants for the conservation of birds.

Resumen: La Reserva para Parque Nacional San Rafael (Departamento de Itapúa y Caazapá) es uno de los últimos remanentes grandes de BAAPA, y la mayor prioridad de conservación a nivel nacional, ya que contiene la mayor riqueza de aves del país. El objetivo fue analizar la riqueza y composición de aves en los fragmentos boscosos y sus áreas de influencia de los sitios con agricultura de soja de la Reserva para Parque Nacional San Rafael, utilizando la metodología de Listas de 10 especies de MacKinnon, en ocho períodos entre noviembre 2017 y febrero de 2020. Se identificaron 177 especies de aves pertenecientes a 47 Familias, y 19 Órdenes, de las cuales 114 han sido registradas en 27 listas en ambientes de bosques y 134 especies en 69 listas en la zona productiva. Del total de las especies, 31 son endémicas del Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná, incluyendo al Loro vinoso Amazona vinacea (en peligro de extinción a nivel mundial) y la Mosqueta Media Luna Phylloscartes eximius (Casi-Amenazada). A nivel nacional, 28 especies endémicas están amenazadas de extinción a nivel nacional. Se registraron especies de aves exclusivas para la zona de bosque, y especies exclusivas para la zona productiva, dando como resultado un 63,27 % de complementariedad. A pesar de los cambios de uso de tierra al cual se encuentra sometido el área de estudio, se registraron una gran diversidad de aves destacando el elevado número de especies endémicas y amenazadas a nivel nacional e internacional, tanto en los sitios muestreados dentro de la reserva y su zona de amortiguamiento. Estos datos contribuyen al conocimiento y realzan la importancia de estos remanentes para la conservación de las aves.

Resumen. Las aves son entre los animales más explotados por sus cantos melodiosos y plumaje atractivo, pero pocos estudios exploran el comercio clandestino de aves en los mercados locales. Para evaluar el comercio de aves en la Ciudad de México, registramos el número de individuos de cada especie en venta en tres mercados durante dos períodos de 2012-2013 y 2015-2016. Registramos 74 especies de aves en venta, con un total de 20,388 individuos en 2012-2013, y 20,004 individuos en 2015-2016 de todas las especies en los tres mercados. Esto incluyó 11 especies de Psittaciformes nativos cuya venta está prohibida en México, además de ocho especies amenazadas o en peligro de extinción a nivel internacional y seis especies en el Apéndice I de CITES que prohíben su comercio. El número total de aves y el número de individuos de aves no nativas (̴15,000-8,000) para la venta se mantuvieron constantes entre los dos periodos. Sin embargo, encontramos un aumento significativo en la cantidad de individuos de especies de aves nativas para la venta, de 1,892 aves en 2012-2013 a 4,506 aves nativas en 2015-2016. Registramos 24 especies de aves canoras que también incrementó significativamente entre periodos ya que casi todas fueron especies nativas. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la venta de aves de compañía, ornamentales y canoras ha persistido en los mercados de la Ciudad de México, con especies no nativas siendo vendidas en cantidades consistentemente altas y un aumento significativo en la cantidad de aves nativas. Esto indica una alta demanda de aves canoras y ornamentales, con riesgos asociados de introducción de especies no exóticas y comercio ilegal de especies en riesgo que afecta a las poblaciones amenazadas.

Abstract. Birds are among the most exploited animals due to their melodious songs and attractive plumage, but few studies explore the clandestine bird trade at local markets. To assess the bird trade in Mexico City, we recorded the number of individuals of each species for sale in three markets during two periods of 2012-2013 and 2015-2016. We recorded 74 bird species for sale, with a total of 20,388 individuals in 2012-2013 and 20,004 individuals in 2015-2016 of all species in the three markets. This included 11 species of native Psittaciformes whose sale is prohibited in Mexico, as well as eight internationally endangered or threatened species, and six species in CITES Appendix I prohibiting their trade. The overall number of birds for sale, and the number of non-native (̴15,000 - 18,000) birds for sale, remained constant between the two periods. However, we found a significant increase in the number of individuals of native bird species for sale, from 1,892 birds in 2012-2013 to 4,506 native birds in 2015-2016. We recorded 24 species of songbirds that also increased significantly between periods as almost all songbirds were native species. Our results demonstrate that the sale of companion, ornamental and songbirds has persisted in Mexico City markets, with non-native species selling in consistently high numbers, and a significant increase in the number of native birds for sale. This indicates a high demand for singing and ornamental birds, with associated risks of introducing non-native species, and illegal trade of species at risk that affects threatened populations.

Resumen. Se ha estimado que cada año mueren 42 a 365 millones de aves en Norteamérica a causa de las colisiones con ventanas. Sin embargo, se desconoce la magnitud de las especies que se pueden ver afectadas con las cristalerías para los países latinoamericanos que tienen una alta diversidad de aves. Por lo que, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar la riqueza de especies afectadas y conocer las características (tipo de cristal y vegetación cercana) que influyen sobre la mortalidad de aves en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. Realizamos monitoreos que consistían en búsqueda de aves muertas o lesionadas en los edificios con fachadas o ventanales en diferentes zonas de la ciudad. Además, compilamos la información ciudadana con la intención de complementar la lista de las especies afectadas en los edificios de la ciudad. Obtuvimos 474 registros de accidentes, que correspondieron a 82 especies de aves. Las especies de mayor frecuencia fueron Zenaida asiatica, Turdus grayi y Columbina passerina. La cristalería reflectante generó la mayor mortalidad de aves, al igual que la presencia de la vegetación cercana. El número de especies afectadas fue alto a comparación con los estudios realizados en otras regiones del país (Jalisco y Tamaulipas). Además, varias de las especies afectadas se encuentran amenazadas al nivel nacional e internacional y otras son especies endémicas de México. Por lo que, es importante evitar la cristalería reflectante al igual que la combinación árbol-ventana, pues éstos atraen a las aves y corren el riesgo de colisionar.

Abstract. It has been estimated that 42 to 365 million birds die each year in North America due to collisions with windows. However, the magnitude of species affected by collision with windows is unknown for Latin American countries that have high avian diversity. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to analyze the richness of species affected by windows, and determine the characteristics (type of glass and nearby vegetation) that influence bird mortality in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. We conducted surveys that consisted of searching for dead or injured birds in buildings with facades or windows in different areas of the city. In addition, we compiled citizen information to complement the list of species affected by buildings in the city. We obtained 474 records of accidents, which corresponded to 82 species of birds. The most frequent species were Zenaida asiatica, Turdus grayi, and Columbina passerina. Reflective glass generated the highest bird mortality, as did the presence of nearby vegetation. The number of species affected was high in comparison with studies carried out in the other regions of the country (Jalisco and Tamaulipas). In addition, several of the affected species are threatened nationally and internationally, and others are endemic to Mexico. Therefore, it is important to avoid reflective glass, as well as a tree-window combination, as these attract birds and run the highest risk of collisions.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Caracterizar la avifauna presente en la granja agroecológica Ekonukos de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, como fuente de información para la descripción y desarrollo de futuros modelos de aviturismo, educación ambiental y acciones de conservación en el área de estudio. Materiales y métodos. Se definieron cuatro zonas de acuerdo con su cobertura vegetal o uso del suelo (Zona de edificaciones o habitable-ZE, Bosque secundario BS, Zona de cultivos ZC y Pastizales o zona abierta-Pza). En cada zona se estableció un punto de observación con radio fijo, se realizaron observaciones y se practicaron recorridos mediante transectos lineales. Las especies registradas fueron identificadas y categorizadas por tipo de hábitat (ZE, BS, ZC o Pza), alimentación, frecuencia de registros y estado de amenaza o conservación. Resultados. Se encontraron 84 especies de aves, distribuidas en 18 órdenes, 34 familias y 74 géneros. El orden Passeriformes presentó la mayor riqueza de especies al igual que las familias Tyrannidae y Thraupidae. Del total de especies, 79 corresponden a poblaciones residentes, cuatro a migratorias boreales y una migratoria austral. A demás, la especie Amazona farinosa está en estado de amenaza, en la categoría NT o casi amenazada. Conclusiones. Las especies encontradas constituyen un aporte importante para el conocimiento de la avifauna local e invita a realizar acciones de restauración y manejo de la flora del sitio de estudio, con el fin de generar una mejor conectividad con las áreas cercanas y oferta alimenticia para las especies encontradas.

ABSTRACT Objective. Characterize the avifauna present in the Ekonukos agroecological farm of the Minuto de Dios University Corporation, generating base information for the description and development of future models of avitourism, environmental education and conservation actions in the study area. Materials and methods. Four zones were defined according to their vegetation cover or land use (Building or habitable zone-ZE, Secondary forest BS, ZC cultivation zone and Grasslands or open zone-Pza). In each zone an observation point with a fixed radius was established and observations were made. Additionally, tours were made using linear transects. The registered species were identified and categorized by habitat type (ZE, BS, ZC or Pza), diet, frequency of records, and threat or conservation status. Results. 84 species of birds were found, distributed in 18 orders, 34 families and 74 genera. The order Passeriformes presented the highest species richness, as did the families Tyrannidae and Thraupidae. Of the total species, 79 correspond to resident populations, four to boreal migratory and one southern migratory. On the other hand, regarding the threatened status, the farinosa Amazon species was found to be in the NT or almost threatened category. Conclusions. These results constitute an important contribution to the knowledge of local birds and invite to carry out restoration and management actions of the flora of the study site, in order to generate better connectivity with nearby areas and food supply for the species found.

ABSTRACT Bird monitoring conducted in the former Azalia and Chonta tailings dams, located in the District of Goyllarisquizga (Pasco), conducted from March 9 to 12, 2021, has helped determining that the environmental quality is average. Furthermore, it has been pointed out that it is important to restore and reforest ecological components of the former Chonta and Azalia tailings dams, since according to the results obtained, 89.06% of the species found are registered on the IUCN Red List of threatened species, classified as Least Concern according to version 3.1 of the second edition of the IUCN "Red List Categories and Criteria". Likewise, 10.92% of birds are endemic to the area, which means that they can only inhabit that type of ecosystem, and 3.36% of birds are cataloged as CITES and are listed in Appendix II of CITES, so it can be concluded that 89.06% of species are sensitive.

RESUMEN Mediante monitoreos ornitológicos realizados en las ex relaveras de Azalia y Chonta del 9 al 12 de marzo de 2021, ubicadas en el Distrito de Goyllarisquizga (Pasco), se ha determinado que la calidad ambiental es de ponderación Media. Señalándose, además, que es importante la restauración y reforestación de los componentes ecológicos de ellas ya que, según los resultados obtenidos, el 89.06% de las especies encontradas se encuentran registradas en la Lista roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN, catalogadas como Leves según la versión 3.1 de la segunda edición de las Categorías y criterios de la Lista roja de la UICN. Asimismo, el 10.92% de aves son endémicas de la zona, que significaría que solo pueden habitar ese tipo de ecosistemas, y el 3.36% de aves son catalogadas como CITES y se ubican en el Apéndice II de CITES, por lo que se puede concluir que el 89.06% de las especies son sensibles.