ABSTRACT Physical preparation, as part of training of the cadets, seeks to put the practitioner in optimal condition, perfects their natural aptitudes and develops their physical capabilities to the maximum through systematic exercises. In this sense, the speed of reaction during self-defense is an important aspect to address; however, the observation and analysis of the educational reality at the Institute of Higher Education of the Ministry of the Interior, in Santiago de Cuba, revealed insufficiencies that limit the achievement of high levels in reaction speed. The objective of the study was to develop a methodology for the development of reaction speed during self-defense, in the cadets of the State Security Sciences career of the Ministry of the Interior. In this line of thought, research was carried out with a mixed approach and quasi-experimental design that used documentary review, scientific observation and unstructured interviews as empirical methods; inferential statistics was used through the Wilcoxon rank test for related samples, which made it possible to know the efficiency of the special exercises that were applied. The quality of the methodology was corroborated by the results obtained in the application of expert criteria in the "Delphi" variant and of the pre-experiment, confirmed by different statistical techniques that highlight the functionality, sustainability, relevance and feasibility of the proposal.

RESUMEN La preparación física, como parte del entrenamiento de los cadetes, busca poner en óptimo estado al practicante, perfecciona sus aptitudes naturales y desarrolla al máximo sus capacidades físicas por medio de ejercicios sistemáticos. En ese sentido, la velocidad de reacción durante la defensa personal constituye un importante aspecto a tratar; sin embargo, la observación y análisis de la realidad educativa en el Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ministerio del Interior, en Santiago de Cuba, reveló insuficiencias que limitan el logro de altos niveles en la velocidad de reacción. El objetivo del estudio consistió en elaborar una metodología para el desarrollo de la velocidad de reacción durante la defensa personal, en los cadetes de la carrera Ciencias de la Seguridad del Estado del Ministerio del Interior. En esa línea de pensamiento, se realizó una investigación con enfoque mixto y diseño cuasi experimental que empleó como métodos empíricos la revisión documental, la observación científica y la entrevista no estructurada; se utilizó la estadística inferencial por medio de la prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas, lo que permitió conocer la eficiencia de los ejercicios especiales que se aplicaron. La calidad de la metodología quedó corroborada por los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación del criterio de expertos en la variante "Delphi" y del prexperimento, confirmados por diferentes técnicas estadísticas que resaltan la funcionalidad, sostenibilidad, pertinencia y factibilidad de la propuesta.

RESUMO A preparação física, como parte do treinamento dos cadetes, busca colocar o praticante em ótimas condições, aperfeiçoar suas aptidões naturais e desenvolver ao máximo suas capacidades físicas por meio de exercícios sistemáticos. Nesse sentido, a velocidade de reação durante a defesa pessoal é um aspecto importante a ser abordado; no entanto, a observação e a análise da realidade educacional no Instituto de Ensino Superior do Ministério do Interior, em Santiago de Cuba, revelaram insuficiências que limitam a obtenção de altos níveis de velocidade de reação. O objetivo do estudo foi elaborar uma metodologia para o desenvolvimento da velocidade de reação durante a autodefesa, em cadetes do curso de Ciências de Segurança do Estado do Ministério do Interior. Nessa linha de pensamento, foi realizada uma pesquisa com abordagem mista e desenho quase experimental, utilizando como métodos empíricos a revisão documental, a observação científica e a entrevista não estruturada; foi utilizada a estatística inferencial por meio do teste de postos de Wilcoxon para amostras relacionadas, o que permitiu conhecer a eficiência dos exercícios especiais aplicados. A qualidade da metodologia foi corroborada pelos resultados obtidos na aplicação de critérios de especialistas na variante "Delphi" e no pré-experimento, confirmados por diferentes técnicas estatísticas que destacam a funcionalidade, a sustentabilidade, a relevância e a viabilidade da proposta.

Resumo: O objetivo do artigo científico é uma análise comparativa da filosofia da consciência, no contexto da teoria ocidental e oriental. No processo das três etapas da pesquisa científica, os autores utilizaram métodos científicos gerais e únicos, como métodos de análise, síntese, generalização, indução, comparativos e análise de conteúdo. As obras científicas e metodológicas de representantes da filosofia ocidental e oriental são analisadas para explicar o problema da consciência humana. As características do monoteísmo islâmico, nas visões de Al-Farabi, bem como a relação entre pensamento e corpo, na teoria de Ibn Sina, são consideradas. A interpretação da filosofia da consciência da região ocidental é apresentada no exemplo da heterofenomenologia e do fisicalismo de Dennett, o experimento mental da “sala chinesa” de Searle e outros. As semelhanças e diferenças fundamentais na explicação da filosofia da consciência pelos cientistas ocidentais e orientais são determinadas. A crítica analítica do autor a essas tendências filosóficas é fornecida. Resumo científica únicos síntese generalização indução conteúdo humana islâmico AlFarabi, AlFarabi Al Farabi, Farabi Al-Farabi corpo Sina consideradas Dennett sala chinesa outros determinadas fornecida

Abstract: The purpose of the scientific article is a comparative analysis of the philosophy of consciousness in the context of Western and Eastern theory. In the process of the three stages of scientific research, the authors used general scientific and unique methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, comparative, and content analysis methods. The Western and Eastern philosophy representatives’ scientific and methodological works are analyzed to explain the problem of human consciousness. The features of Islamic monotheism in Al-Farabi’s views, as well as the relationship between thinking and body in Ibn Sina’s theory, are considered. The interpretation of the philosophy of consciousness of the Western region is presented on the example of Dennett’s heterophenomenology and physicalism, the “Chinese room” thought experiment by Searle and others. The fundamental similarities and differences in explaining the philosophy of consciousness by Western and Eastern scientists are determined. The author’s analytical criticism of these philosophical trends is provided. Abstract theory research methods synthesis generalization induction representatives AlFarabis Al Farabi s views Sinas Sina considered Dennetts Dennett physicalism Chinese room others determined author provided

Abstract This paper aims to explore the role of the imagination of the sign in contemporary theory to intervene in the post-critical diagnosis that urges a reevaluation of the effectiveness of critique in light of the challenges posed by climate change. To do so, at first, we propose to point out some of the insistences related to this diagnosis, including: the discussion regarding the scope of the hermeneutics of suspicion; the rejection of the centrality of language, linguistic turn, and text; and the need to experiment with non-anthropocentric modes of thought. While addressing this diagnosis but without giving up the question of language (which remains central to literary critique), following Barthes, we explore the emergence of renewed semiological consciousness that seeks to avoid the closure of the symbolic. With this objective, primarily drawing from the contributions of Sauvagnargues and Kohn, we aim to emphasize the question of signs and language from an 'ecological' perspective that seeks to rethink their status beyond the dichotomous opposition between constructivism and realism.

Resumen El presente trabajo propone explorar el lugar de la imaginación del signo en la teoría contemporánea para intervenir en el diagnóstico poscrítico que insta a revisar la eficacia de la crítica a la luz de los desafíos del cambio climático. Para ello, en un primer momento, proponemos indicar algunas de las insistencias que hacen a dicho diagnóstico vinculadas a la discusión en torno a los alcances de la hermenéutica de la sospecha; la recusación de la centralidad del lenguaje, del giro lingüístico y del texto; y la necesidad de ensayar modos de pensamiento no antropocentrados. Atendiendo a este diagnóstico, pero sin resignar la pregunta por el lenguaje que resulta central para la crítica literaria, siguiendo a Barthes, exploramos la emergencia de conciencias semiológicas renovadas que buscan evitar la clausura de lo simbólico. Con ese objetivo, recuperando principalmente los aportes de Sauvagnargues y Kohn, buscamos insistir en la pregunta por los signos y el lenguaje desde una perspectiva “ecológica” que busca repensar su estatuto más allá de la oposición dicotómica entre constructivismo y realismo.

Resumen En 1904, el físico austríaco Fritz Hasenohrl examinó por medio de experimentos mentales la radiación de cuerpo negro en una cavidad reflectante. A través del cálculo del trabajo necesario para mantener la cavidad en movimiento a velocidad constante en oposición a la presión de radiación, calculó para la energía de la radiación, un valor equivalente a E = 3 mc2, relación que corrigió en 1905 a E = mc2. Esta relación establece una equivalencia entre la masa m y la energía E de la radiación y fue finalmente corregida a la forma actual E = mc2 por Einstein. La conclusión de estas deducciones es que la luz tiene masa e inercia. Basándonos en un experimento mental inspirado en el de Hasenohrl, en el que aceleramos una cavidad reflectante que contiene un flujo de radiación interno, llegamos a la conclusión de que, bajo ciertas condiciones de movimiento, la luz verifica la 2da Ley de la Inercia de Newton.

Abstrac In 1904, the Austrian physicist Fritz Hasenohrl examined by means of mental experiments the black body radiation in a reflecting cavity. By calculating the work required to keep the cavity moving at constant velocity in opposition to the radiation pressure, he calculated for the radiation energy a value equivalent to E = mc2, relation corrected in 1905 to E = 3mc2. This relation establishes an equivalence between mass m and radiation energy E and was finally corrected to the present known form E = mc2 by Einstein. The conclusion from these deductions is that light has mass and inertia. Based on a thought experiment inspired by Hasenohrl’s, in which we accelerate a reflecting cavity containing an internal radiation flux, we conclude that, under certain conditions of motion, light verifies Newton’s 2nd Law of Inertia.

Many scientists and researchers agree that biological life on earth most likely arose naturally, but they cannot account for the exact method by which life arose. Numerous experiments and observations have provided evidence that the basic building blocks of life (amino acids) can form spontaneously under the conditions thought to be those present on ancient earth. The recent discovery of Extremophiles (organisms that thrive in extreme conditions such as high temperature and pressure) gave further impetus to the belief that it is possible for unguided, random mechanisms to produce life. However, contrary to scientists who present contemporary scientific evidence as proof of life having a natural origin, there is a growing number of authoritative scholars who claim that the a priori conditions for life to exist at all, as well as its complexity, are indicative of carefully planned, guided mechanisms. Contrary to a materialistic/atheistic view, these researchers advocate a willingness to follow contemporary data to its most likely, logical conclusion. This conclusion involves the continuous involvement of a Creator right from the moment of creation, to the present. The group of theories that centre around a belief that life was created by a supernatural force or deity is known as Creationism. It is based on religious beliefs that determine the way in which natural scientific data is interpreted. Creationists argue that the complexity of living organisms, as well as the existence of consciousness, cannot be explained by random, unguided processes and must have been designed by a higher power. One of the arguments for a supernatural origin of life, is the Anthropocentric principle (or the so-called "fine-tuning" argument), which claims that the universe has precise values for certain physical constants and laws that make it possible for life to exist. Proponents of this view argue that the universe's design could only have been orchestrated by a conscious, purposeful designer. Further evidence cited for supernatural involvement includes the Cambrian explosion and other discontinuities in the paleontological record, as well as the belief that the information in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule must have had an intelligent author. Criticism of Creationism is that there is no scientific evidence that the universe was fine-tuned solely for the purpose of facilitating life, or that a conscious designer was responsible for it. Furthermore, the "Multiverse" hypothesis, which postulates that there can be many universes with different physical constants, offers a possible naturalistic explanation for why our universe possesses the properties that are observed. As for the paleontological discontinuities and the information in DNA, these are indeed interesting phenomena that have been and still are the subject of much scientific investigation. However, it is important to note that there is ongoing scientific debate about possible unguided mechanisms that could have caused the Cambrian explosion, and the information in DNA can, according to materialists, also be explained by natural processes such as evolution through natural selection. One of the Naturalistic theories about the origin of life on earth is Abiogenesis, which claims that life arose spontaneously from non-living matter through an optimal coincidence of chemical reactions under favourable conditions. This theory is based on the idea that the conditions on the early earth were perfect for the formation of simple organic molecules, which eventually gave rise to more complex structures capable of self-replication. The Miller-Urey experiment, for example, showed that simple organic molecules formed under conditions that, according to the knowledge at the time, were identical to those on early earth. However, this experiment was discredited over time because the researchers assumed that the primordial atmosphere consisted mainly of methane, ammonia, and water vapour, but later research showed that the early atmosphere more likely consisted of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapour. In addition, some scientists have pointed out that the conditions simulated in the experiment were too reducing in nature (that is, too poor in oxygen), to accurately reflect the conditions on the early earth which had a more oxidizing atmosphere. Therefore, while the Miller-Urey experiment remains an important milestone in the history of origin of life research, it is widely recognised that its results should be viewed with caution and that its implications for the natural formation of life on earth should not be overstated. Another naturalistic theory is that life was brought to earth by comets or meteorites. This theory, known as Panspermia, suggests that life may have originated elsewhere in the universe and was transported to earth by comets or meteorites. Panspermia is supported by the discovery of organic molecules and microorganisms in some meteorites, as well as the presence of microbial life in extreme environments on earth that may be similar to conditions on other planets. Each of these theories has its own strengths and weaknesses and there is no consensus among scientists as to which theory is the most accurate. Abiogenesis, for example, is supported by the evidence of the formation of simple organic molecules under conditions, presumably like those on the early earth, but it is difficult to explain how these molecules gave rise to complex structures capable of self-replication. Panspermia is in turn supported by the discovery of organic molecules and microorganisms in some meteorites, but this does not explain the original origin of life itself. Creationism, on the other hand is not directly supported by scientific evidence but is based on the interpretation of empirical data from a religious paradigm. The origin of life on earth therefore remains a subject of scientific inquiry and naturalistic explanations, based on empirical evidence and well-established scientific theories are still considered in mainstream science to be the only valid basis of human understanding of this complex and interesting subject. However, this normative materialist interpretation is increasingly being questioned by a growing number of eminent scholars. This article focuses on the origin and complexity of information as found in life on earth. All forms of information known to man, whether hieroglyphs, radio signals, printed media or TV broadcasts have an intelligent author, and the question is why mainstream science insists on considering the most complex information observed by humankind to date (namely the code in the DNA molecule), as strictly materialistic in origin.

'n Groot aantal natuurwetenskaplike navorsers beweer dat biologiese lewe op aarde heel waarskynlik natuurlik ontstaan het, maar geeneen kan die presiese meganisme waardeur lewe ontstaan het, weergee nie. Talle eksperimente en waarnemings het bewyse gelewer dat die basiese boustene van lewe, soos aminosure, spontaan kan vorm onder die toestande wat op die vroeë aarde teenwoordig was. Daarbenewens dui die ontdekking van ekstremofiele (organismes wat floreer in uiterste toestande soos hoë temperature en druk) daarop dat lewe moontlik deur 'n onbegeleide, willekeurige meganisme in sulke omgewings kon ontstaan het. Alhoewel die meerderheid wetenskaplikes dus kontemporêre wetenskaplike gegewens aanvoer as bewyse dat lewe 'n natuurlike oorsprong gehad het, is daar 'n groeiende stem van gesaghebbende navorsers wat beweer dat die voorwaardelike toestande vir lewe, sowel as die kompleksiteit daarvan, dui op fyn beplande, begeleide meganismes. In teenstelling met 'n normatiewe materialistiese vertrekpunt, propageer sulke navorsers 'n openheid om die data te volg tot die mees waarskynlike, logiese gevolgtrekking. Hierdie gevolgtrekking behels die voortdurende betrokkenheid van 'n Skepper vanaf voor die beginmoment van die skepping, tot op hede.

In this paper my thought experiment leads me to posit that South Africa's environmental governance often results in what I term "hollow environmentalism". This term describes the inevitable long-term outcome of promulgating laws and policies that are idealistic and seem symbolic and that at times fail to achieve their intended objectives or environmental promise. On a narrower scale, hollow environmentalism can also manifest when such symbolic environmental laws and policies lead to judicial decisions that lack substantive ecological justifications, perhaps even resembling symbolic judgments. I substantiate this argument through four key considerations. I commence with a reality check on environmental governance, emphasising that the state is not a neutral actor, necessitating closer scrutiny of state decisions. This leads me to the conclusion that governance stands at a critical juncture. I argue that the symbolic nature of our environmental laws, broadly speaking, often makes it challenging for the state to fully meet the lofty ideals it presents, thereby also complicating court decisions in these matters. Next, I align my thoughts with recent literature on adjudication in the context of the climate crisis. This literature stresses the need for courts to be bold and innovative in their judicial roles, given the precarious nature of stabilising environmental disputes. In the penultimate section I bring the discussion to a close by suggesting two interconnected possibilities to address hollowness in the face of climate change: "sunsetting" and "substitution".

Resumo Este artigo objetiva inserir Freshwater: A Comedy (1923/1935), único experimento teatral assinado pela escritora inglesa Virginia Woolf, nos debates em torno da cena modernista, mobilizados em leituras críticas de seu amplo projeto literário. É consenso na crítica especializada que a obra de Woolf coaduna o estético e o político e que seus textos modernistas, além de brincadeiras e experimentos performáticos, questionam verdades estanques do pensamento ocidental, especialmente no que se refere a imbricações entre gêneros literários e performances de gênero nas transições críticas entre os termos “avant-garde”, “modernista”, e “pós-modernista” (GOLDMAN, 2004; WHITWORTH, 2010). Contudo, a peça Freshwater não figura como objeto de análise de muitos estudos dedicados à obra de Woolf. Então, este trabalho mostrará que essa comédia da autora em foco pode contribuir para releituras contemporâneas do modernismo, especialmente se lida como uma de suas intervenções vanguardistas, marcadas pelo pós-vitorianismo (ELLIS, 2007) de seu projeto literário. 1923/1935, 19231935 1923/1935 , 1923 1935 (1923/1935) modernista literário modernistas performáticos ocidental avantgarde, avantgarde avant garde “avant-garde” “modernista” pósmodernista pós “pós-modernista GOLDMAN, GOLDMAN (GOLDMAN 2004 WHITWORTH 2010. 2010 . 2010) Contudo Então modernismo vanguardistas pósvitorianismo vitorianismo ELLIS, ELLIS (ELLIS 2007 1923193 1923/193 192 193 (1923/1935 “avant-garde “modernista 200 201 192319 1923/19 19 (1923/193 20 19231 1923/1 1 (1923/19 2 1923/ (1923/1 (1923/ (1923 (192 (19 (1 (

Abstract This article aims to insert Freshwater: a Comedy (1923/1935), the only theatrical experiment penned by the English writer Virginia Woolf, into the debates around the modernist scene, which are mobilized by critical readings of her broad literary project. It is a consensus among scholars that Woolf’s oeuvre aligns aesthetics with politics, and that her modernist writings, as well as hoaxes and experimental performances, call into question absolute truths of Western thought, especially when it comes to imbrications of genre and gender in the critical transitions between terms such as “avant-garde”, “modernist” and “postmodernist” (GOLDMAN, 2004; WHITWORTH, 2010). However, Freshwater does not appear as an object of critical analysis in many of the studies dedicated to the works of Woolf. Thus, this article will show that the mentioned play can contribute to contemporary rereadings of modernism, especially if read as one of her avant-garde interventions, marked by the post-Victorianism (ELLIS, 2007) of her literary project. 1923/1935, 19231935 1923/1935 , 1923 1935 (1923/1935) Woolf scene project Woolfs s politics writings performances thought avantgarde, avantgarde avant garde “avant-garde” “modernist postmodernist “postmodernist GOLDMAN, GOLDMAN (GOLDMAN 2004 WHITWORTH 2010. 2010 . 2010) However Thus modernism interventions postVictorianism post Victorianism ELLIS, ELLIS (ELLIS 2007 1923193 1923/193 192 193 (1923/1935 “avant-garde 200 201 192319 1923/19 19 (1923/193 20 19231 1923/1 1 (1923/19 2 1923/ (1923/1 (1923/ (1923 (192 (19 (1 (

Resumo Neste ensaio de teoria social, prospecto vias para aproximar duas tradições de pesquisa aparentemente desconexas: a sociologia do conhecimento e a psicologia cognitiva. Tal empreendimento é conduzido em dois níveis diferentes, primeiro, delineio três pressupostos gerais que informam a sociologia do conhecimento, tal como concebida desde Karl Mannheim, e examino se tais pressupostos são compatíveis com estudos contemporâneos no âmbito da psicologia cognitiva, e em especial no programa de pesquisa em heurísticas e vieses. Segundo, coloco sob o mesmo teto, de um lado, algumas ideias de Georg Simmel sobre os pressupostos cognitivos que tornam possível a vida social, e, de outro, achados da pesquisa contemporânea em heurísticas e vieses. Esse segundo passo é dado mediante a aproximação de um experimento mental, construído a partir das ideias de Simmel, com uma série de experimentos reais no âmbito da psicologia cognitiva. social desconexas cognitiva diferentes primeiro Mannheim vieses Segundo teto lado outro mental

Abstract This social theory essay prospects for pathways for bringing together two seemingly unrelated traditions of thought: the sociology of knowledge and cognitive psychology. Such an endeavor is pursued at two different levels. First, I lay out three general assumptions underlying the sociology of knowledge, as conceived by several authors from Karl Mannheim onwards, examining whether and to what extent they are compatible with contemporary cognitive psychology studies, especially in heuristics and biases research program. Second, I bring under the same roof some of Georg Simmel’s ideas about the cognitive assumptions that render social life possible and some contemporary findings on heuristics and biases by connecting a thought experiment built upon Simmel’s ideas to a set of real-life experiments conducted in cognitive psychology. levels First onwards studies program Second Simmels Simmel s reallife real

RESUMO Dirigir, de forma consciente, o desenvolvimento do pensamento durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem das disciplinas, constitui um objetivo fundamental da Educação Superior em Cuba. No entanto, as possibilidades oferecidas pelas disciplinas para favorecer essa finalidade não são suficientemente exploradas. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa abordou a questão do desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico no curso de Bacharelado em Educação Física da Universidade de Holguín. Foi proposta uma metodologia dinamizada por um método, com o objetivo de estimular o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico dos profissionais em formação inicial do Bacharelado em Educação Física da Universidade de Holguín. O objetivo deste artigo é socializar os resultados da pesquisa desenvolvida. O estudo foi realizado a partir de uma perspectiva investigativa, descritiva, explicativa e recorrendo a métodos dos níveis teórico e empírico, incluindo o histórico-lógico, juntamente com os procedimentos lógicos de análise-síntese, além de técnicas de pesquisa científica, como a entrevista e levantamento, além dos métodos de pré-experimento e desenho de painel longitudinal. A intervenção parcial na prática revelou um desenvolvimento gradual das operações e qualidades do pensamento teórico, evidenciado na participação ativa dos alunos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina de Física Geral. Os resultados alcançados mostram que é oportuno realizar estudos que sistematizem as formas de estimular o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico em alunos do nível de ensino considerado por meio do processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Física Geral.

ABSTRACT To direct, in a conscious way, the development of the thought during the process of teaching learning of the subjects, constitutes a fundamental objective of the Superior Education in Cuba. However, they are not sufficiently taken advantage of the possibilities that offer the same ones or subjects to favor this purpose. In this sense, the investigation tackled the theme of the development of the theoretic thought in the running Bachelor's Degree in Education in Physics at Holguín's University. He was offered of a methodology expedited by a method, once the stimulation of the development of the theoretic thought of the professionals in initial formation of the race was addressed to major's Degree in Physical Education at Holguín's University. I article the objective of the east you are to socialized the research findings developed. The study was accomplished from an investigating descriptive explanatory perspective and the recurrence to methods of the theoretic levels and empiricists, among themselves the historic logician, next to the logical procedures of analysis synthesis, as well as techniques of the scientific investigation like the interview and the opinion poll, in addition to the methods I experiment and longitudinal design panel. The partial intervention in practice revealed a gradual development of the operations and attributes of the theoretic thought once the process of teaching was evidenced in the students' active participation learning of The Physical General discipline. The successful results evidence that it comes in handy to accomplish studies that systematize the roads for the stimulation of the development of the theoretic thought in the students of the educational level considered through the process of teaching learning of the General Physics.

RESUMEN Dirigir, de manera consciente, el desarrollo del pensamiento durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las asignaturas, constituye un objetivo fundamental de la Educación Superior en Cuba. Sin embargo, no son suficientemente aprovechadas las posibilidades que brindan las disciplinas para favorecer este propósito. En este sentido, la investigación abordó el tema del desarrollo del pensamiento teórico en la carrera Licenciatura en Educación en Física en la Universidad de Holguín. Se propuso una metodología dinamizada por un método, dirigida a la estimulación del desarrollo del pensamiento teórico de los profesionales en formación inicial de la carrera Licenciatura en Educación Física en la Universidad de Holguín. El objetivo del este artículo es socializar los resultados de la investigación desarrollada. El estudio fue realizado desde una perspectiva investigativa, descriptiva, explicativa y la recurrencia a métodos de los niveles teórico y empíricos, entre ellos el histórico-lógico, junto a los procedimientos lógicos de análisis-síntesis, así como técnicas de la investigación científica como la entrevista y la encuesta, además de los métodos preexperimento y diseño longitudinal panel. La intervención parcial en la práctica reveló un desarrollo gradual de las operaciones y cualidades del pensamiento teórico, evidenciado en una participación activa de los estudiantes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la disciplina Física General. Los resultados logrados evidencian que es oportuno realizar estudios que sistematicen las vías para la estimulación del desarrollo del pensamiento teórico en los estudiantes del nivel educativo considerado a través del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Física General.

Resumen En el teatro del siglo xxi, en el contexto de la crisis del drama moderno, encontramos una proliferación de monólogos dramáticos que exploran posibilidades discursivas y escénicas para poner en evidencia, entre otras cuestiones, la crisis en la comunicación contemporánea y la fragmentación e hibridez de la identidad. Las experimentaciones con el cuerpo solo en escena y con la voz en primera persona problematizan el yo como una intimidad pública y como un atravesamiento de múltiples voces. Bilis negra. Teatro de autopsia (2015), de Convención Teatro, El empapelado amarillo (de Charlotte Perkins Gilman) (2019-2021), de María Laura Caccamo y Carlos Lipsic, y Susurro (2020), de Estefanía Otaño, son monólogos que indagan en escrituras rapsódicas -reescritura, fago-citación, collage, hibridación genérica- y experimentan el dolor desde un yo mujer cruzado por una pluralidad de voces. Con estos procedimientos de escritura escénica, la experiencia del sufrimiento, singular e intransferible, deviene común: los bordes entre lo propio y lo ajeno se difuminan en una afección intersubjetiva. A partir de un acercamiento a los procesos creativos, la lectura de los textos teatrales y el análisis de las puestas teatrales, estudiaremos la potencia política de las dramaturgias monologales, en tanto pueden pensarse como soledades pobladas.

Abstract In 21st century theater, in the context of the crisis of modern drama, we find a proliferation of dramatic monologues that explore discursive and scenic possibilities to highlight, among other issues, the contemporary crisis in communication and the fragmentation and hybridity of identity. Experiments with the body alone on stage and with the voice in the first person problematize the self as a public intimacy and as a crossing of multiple voices. Bilis negra. Teatro de autopsia (2015), by Convencion Teatro, El empapelado amarillo (de Charlotte Perkins Gilman) (2019-2021), by María Laura Caccamo and Carlos Lipsic, and Susurro (2020), by Estefanía Otaño, are monologues that explore rhapsodic writings -rewriting, phagocytization, collage, generic hybridization- and experiment the pain of a woman’s self crossed by a plurality of voices. With these procedures of scenic writing, the experience of suffering, singular and non-transferable, becomes common: the borders between what is self and what is foreign are blurred in an inter-subjective affection. Starting from an approach to the creative processes, the reading of theatrical texts and the analysis of theatrical performances, we will study the political power of the dramaturgy of monologues, insofar as they can be thought of as populated solitudes.

The twin paradox has played an important role in the history of special relativity (SR). A precise calculation would require the application of the general theory of relativity (GR) but, neglecting the acceleration phases of the traveling twin, even in SR it is possible to find the correct solution without logical contradictions. Nowadays it is well known that the twin thought experiment seems a paradox as a consequence of a naive application of time dilation and the principle of relativity. The twin who goes on space travel is the one who, returning to the twin at rest, finds the aged brother. Continuing in this pedagogical tradition, we want to add a further consideration. In fact, the experiment has always been explained by considering the two twins immersed in Minkowski’s spacetime. It could be interesting, from a didactic point of view, to analyze the same thought experiment without neglecting the Earth’s gravitational field. Indeed, under certain conditions, it may happen that the traveling brother can grow older than his brother at rest.

Resumen Objetivo. Describir y analizar, por medio de los aportes teóricos de los estudios de los movimientos sociales, los procesos de configuración y devenir de la Asociación de Trabajadores Campesinos del Carare (ATCC), y apuesta por la no violencia. Metodología. El estudio se basa en la crítica de fuentes, dado su carácter cualitativo y analítico-descriptivo, por ello recurre a entrevistas semiestructuradas y fuentes documentales de la organización, las cuales se interpretan a la luz de los aportes conceptuales de Charles Tilly, Alberto Melucci, Donatella della Porto y Sidney Tarrow. Resultados. Se reflexiona sobre la historia de la asociación como un experimento organizativo entendible a manera de movimiento social, cuyas banderas de resistencia en favor de la vida entroncan con consignas tempranas sobre el ejercicio de la no violencia y el derecho a la paz territorial. Conclusiones. Se resalta cómo este proceso organizativo manifestó un liderazgo que se opuso a los actores armados presentes en la región y se convirtió, además, en eje del desarrollo económico y social de la vereda La India (Cimitarra) y del área de influencia de la ATCC.

Abstract Objective: To describe and analyze, through the theoretical contributions of the studies of social movements, the processes of configuration and evolution of the Peasant Workers of Carare Association (ATCC) and its commitment to non-violence. Methodology: The study is based on the criticism of sources, given its qualitative and analytical-descriptive character, reason why it resorts to semi-structured interviews and documentary sources of the organization, which are interpreted in the light of the conceptual contributions of Charles Tilly, Alberto Melucci, Donatella della Porto and Sidney Tarrow. Results: The history of the Association is thought about as an understandable organizational experiment in the manner of a social movement, whose flags of resistance in favor of life connect with early slogans on the exercise of non-violence and the right to territorial peace. Conclusion: It is highlighted how this organizational process showed a leadership that opposed the armed actors present in the region and also became the central concept of the economic and social development of the municipal rural settlement of La India (Cimitarra) and the area of influence of the ATCC.

Resumo: Este artigo visa apresentar contribuições teóricas e práticas à educação, considerando o ensino de conteúdos escolares como uma dificuldade concernente à comunicação. Para isso, são realizadas duas operações: a análise teórica das ideias de John Dewey sobre o significado educacional da comunicação e da imaginação e a apresentação de um experimento de pensamento que simula dramaticamente uma situação prática - um curso de formação de professores cujo objetivo é ensinar tais ideias deweyanas utilizando as noções de drama e experimento de pensamento. As conclusões do artigo discutem a contribuição do experimento de pensamento para instituir valores fundamentais da prática docente.

Abstract: This article aims to present theoretical and practical contributions to education, considering the teaching of school subjects as a difficulty concerning communication. For this, two operations are carried out: the theoretical analysis of John Dewey’s ideas about the educational meaning of communication and imagination, and the presentation of a thought experiment that dramatically simulates a practical situation - a teacher training course whose objective is to teach such Deweyan ideas using the notions of drama and thought experiment. The conclusions of the article discuss the contribution of the thought experiment to establish fundamental values of teaching practice.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar aportes teóricos y prácticos a la educación, considerando la enseñanza de los contenidos escolares como una dificultad de comunicación. Para ello, se realizan dos operaciones: el análisis teórico de las ideas de John Dewey sobre el significado educativo de la comunicación y de la imaginación y la presentación de un experimento de pensamiento que simula dramáticamente una situación práctica -un curso de formación docente cuyo objetivo es enseñar tales ideas de Dewey, utilizando las nociones de drama y de experimento de pensamiento. Las conclusiones del artículo discuten la contribución del experimento mental para establecer valores fundamentales de la práctica docente.

Resumen El propósito de este artículo es explorar la idea de que, aun cuando la Ceroidad fue acuñada por Deleuze y no por Peirce, no hay ningún problema en considerarla como el antecedente formal de la Primeridad. La argumentación mostrará que, sin la Ceroidad, Dios no habría podido transformar la nada en el conjunto vacío y, por tanto, no habría podido crear los elementos de la Primeridad. Esto puede ilustrarse con un experimento mental, en el que se hace evidente que, sin el conjunto vacío, no habrían surgido los continuos de la luminosidad y la coloreidad. Es decir, sin la Ceroidad del conjunto vacío, todo intento de crear los colores habría quedado absorbido en el caos de la nada.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore the idea that, although Zeroness was coined by Deleuze and not by Peirce, there is no problem in considering it as the formal antecedent of Firstness. The argumentation will show that, without Zeroness, God could not have transformed nothingness into the empty set and, therefore, could not have created the elements of Firstness. This can be illustrated by a thought experiment in which it becomes evident that without the empty set, the continua of luminosity and color could not have arisen. In other words, without the Zeroness of the empty set, any attempt to create the colors would have been absorbed in the chaos of nothing.

Abstract This article addresses, in its first part, the many critics who have difficulty in making sense of Coetzee’s two novels The Childhood of Jesus and Schooldays of Jesus, offering clues for an understanding of Coetzee’s utopian thought experiment within the framework of secularized utopian and Christian ideals. The second part links the utopian elements with esthetic and esoteric conceptions in the history of art (Johann Sebastian Bach, archaic cultures, and the revival of neo-mysticism among artists of the 20th century), proposing an understanding of their implications (or their obsoleteness) in contemporary art.