RESUMEN Es un hecho que el clima de Cuba ya experimenta algunos impactos específicos del cambio climático global. Entre ellos, la ocurrencia de comportamientos extremos del régimen térmico del aire, incluyendo episodios de calor o frío intensos. Estos actúan de manera diferenciada en verano e invierno y pueden ser factores predisponentes de diversas meteoropatías, incluyendo la muerte. Para profundizar en el estudio de la relación entre el régimen térmico extremo y su posible influencia en el aumento de la mortalidad diaria, se seleccionó una muestra nacional de las temperaturas máximas y mínimas diarias del aire de 68 estaciones meteorológicas, para comparar su comportamiento con la mortalidad diaria en exceso en todo el país durante el período 2001-2020. Se demuestra que existe una relación bien definida entre los extremos diurnos y nocturnos de la temperatura del aire con los aumentos de la mortalidad en exceso, encontrando diferencias estacionales en la génesis y duración de los máximos de mortalidad, según sea la influencia de las sensaciones extremas de frío o calor. Se identifican los umbrales de inicio de las posibles crisis de salud asociadas a los extremos del régimen térmico y se hace una estimación preliminar del comportamiento perspectivo de las temperaturas máximas y mínimas medias anuales de Cuba, así como de la mortalidad en exceso nacional que se puede alcanzar en el año 2030.

ABSTRACT It is a fact that Cuba's climate is already experiencing some specific impacts of global climate change. Among them, the occurrence of extreme behaviors of the thermal regime of the air, including episodes of intense heat or cold. These act differently in summer and winter and can be predisposing factors for various meteor-pathologies, including death. To further study the relationship between the extreme thermal regime and its possible influence on the increase in daily mortality, a national sample of daily maximum and minimum air temperatures from 68 meteorological stations was selected to compare their behavior with daily mortality in excess throughout the country during the period 2001-2020. It is demonstrated that there is a well-defined relationship between the daytime and nighttime extremes of air temperature with increases in daily excess mortality, finding seasonal differences in the genesis and duration of mortality maximums, depending on the influence of extreme sensations. of cold or heat. The starting thresholds of possible health crisis associated with the extremes of the thermal regime are identified and a preliminary estimate of the prospective behavior of the average annual maximum and minimum temperatures of Cuba is made, as well as the national excess mortality that can be reached in the year 2030.

Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women throughout the world. Research on natural anti-cancer products from plants has gained traction. Salvia L. species and their derivatives are rare in Turkey and have suggested for their potential anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study is to assess the potential cytotoxic/apoptotic activities of methanol extract of Salvia candidissima Vahl. subsp. candidissima (SCE) on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A GCxGC-TOF/MS system and a dual stage commercial thermal desorption injector were used to determine the chemical components of SCE. MTT and ATP viability tests were used to investigate the anti-growth activity. The apoptosis-inducing effect was assessed using a fluorescence staining method. Caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18, M30-antigen) levels measured by M30-CytoDeath ELISA Kit. The results showed that SCE suppressed the survival of the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, based on the findings of both MTT and ATP cell viability tests and pyknotic cell nuclei were observed via fluorescent staining in both cell lines after 48 h of treatment. The treatment group had greater levels of caspase-cleaved keratin 18 in the MCF-7 cells than the untreated group. These results showed that SCE triggers apoptosis, causes cell death in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. SCE may become promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of breast cancer with further in vitro and in vivo studies. cancerrelated related world anticancer anti traction L effects cytotoxicapoptotic cytotoxic apoptotic Vahl subsp (SCE MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- MDAMB231 MDAMB MDA MB 231 MDA-MB-23 GCxGCTOF/MS GCxGCTOFMS GCxGC TOF/MS TOF MS antigrowth growth activity apoptosisinducing apoptosis inducing method Caspasecleaved Caspase cleaved 1 ccK18, ccK18 ccK (ccK18 M30antigen Mantigen M30 antigen M M30-antigen M30CytoDeath MCytoDeath CytoDeath Kit dosedependent dose dependent manner 4 caspasecleaved caspase studies MDAMB23 23 MDA-MB-2 GCxGCTOF TOFMS ccK1 (ccK1 M3 MDAMB2 2 MDA-MB- (ccK MDA-MB

RESUMO Introdução: As queimaduras, um problema de saúde pública, são lesões que podem ocorrer na pele ou outros tecidos do corpo decorrentes de trauma de origem térmica, podendo ocasionar lesões leves, graves e até mesmo o óbito. Assim, são estudadas as características epidemiológicas dos pacientes atendidos na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Métodos: Estudo transversal de dados registrados nos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos por queimadura na Unidade de Queimados de 2016 até 2019. Resultados: Um total de 252 prontuários foram revisados, sendo mais atingido o gênero masculino da faixa etária adulta. O principal agente causal foi o líquido inflamável (42,4%), com predomínio do álcool (66,35), acontecendo no domicílio (59,9%). O percentual médio da superfície corporal queimada foi de 17,7%, precisando de enxerto ou debridamento cirúrgico 25% dos pacientes. A média de internaçação foi 23,3 dias, com 8,7% necessitando de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. A tentativa de autoextermínio foi de 5,5%, sendo a taxa geral de óbito de 3,5%. Conclusões: Pacientes por queimadura atendidos na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia abrangem mais a população jovem e adulta, sendo o álcool a causa predominante, com média de óbitos similar a outras regiões. Este estudo ajudará a criar medidas no sentido de reduzir o número de casos e adequar o atendimento de forma quantitativa e qualitativa, contribuindo para a elaboração de protocolos de cuidados, a fim de assegurar a qualidade da assistência dos pacientes e da população em geral.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burns, a public health problem, are injuries that can occur on the skin or other tissues of the body resulting from the trauma of thermal origin, which can cause mild, severe injuries and even death. Thus, the epidemiological characteristics of patients seen at the Burn unit of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia are studied. Methods: Cross-sectional study of the data recorded in patients’ medical records treated for the burn at the Burn Units from 2016 to 2019. Results: 252 medical records were reviewed, with the male gender of the adult group being most affected. The main causal agent was the flammable liquid (42.4%) with a predominance of alcohol (66.35), occurring at home (59.9%). The average percentage of burned body surface was 17.7%, requiring a graft or surgical debridement in 25% of the patients. The average hospital stay was 23.3 days, requiring 8.7% of the Intensive Care Unit. The attempt at selfextermination was 5.5%, with a general death rate of 3.5%. Conclusions: Burn patients treated at the Burn Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia encompasses more of the young and adult population, with alcohol being the predominant cause, with an average death rate like other regions. This study will help create measures in search of reducing the number of cases and adapting the care quantitatively and qualitatively, contributing to the elaboration of care protocols to ensure the quality of the care of the patients and the population.

Thermal and electrical burn injuries affect millions of people globally each year. South Africa is a developing country where fatal fires are common. Despite the pervasiveness of fatal thermal and electrical burns in South Africa, there is a paucity of information regarding the frequency of such fatal burns in the City of Johannesburg. We aimed to describe the demographics and frequency of fatal thermal and electrical burn cases received at the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Services Medico-Legal Mortuary for medico-legal death investigations, and compare the burn mortality rates between Johannesburg and those reported in Cape Town, Pretoria, and Mpumalanga. This study was a 5-year (2010-2014) retrospective review of 185 forensic medico-legal case files of fatal burns (156 thermal burn cases and 29 electrical burn cases) received at the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Services Medico-Legal Laboratory. The demographics at the greatest risk of fatal burns in Johannesburg, South Africa are black (2.11 per 100 000) and male (1.03 per 100 000) individuals, and those in the 30-39-year age group (3.6 per 100 000). Children aged 0-9 years had a high mortality rate due to thermal burns (3.44 per 100 000). The most common type of fatal burns is thermal in nature, as a result of flames (1.62 per 100 000). Electrical burns are relatively rare (0.3 per 100 000). Burns are prevalent in the winter months, most notably in August. Burn wounds are common on the head, chest, back, and abdomen. Johannesburg has an overall lower burn mortality rate and incidence frequency than Cape Town, Pretoria, and Mpumalanga. This study is the first to report on fatal burns in Johannesburg, South Africa.SIGNIFICANCE: • A description is provided of fatal thermal and electrical burns of individuals whose deaths were investigated at the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Services Medico-Legal Mortuary. • The results highlight the demographic groups at risk of fatal burns in Johannesburg, South Africa. • Johannesburg has a lower fatal burn incidence and mortality rate than Cape Town, Pretoria, and Mpumalanga; however, young people, particularly male individuals, are at greatest risk.

RESUMO Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor,1985 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) é um psilídeo que tem como hospedeiro o eucalipto, originário da Austrália, foi introduzido no Brasil em meados da década de 1990. Devido à escassez de informações a respeito da biologia desse inseto, este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer o efeito da temperatura no desenvolvimento e reprodução do psilídeo sob condições de laboratório. O experimento foi realizado entre 2018 e 2019, em câmaras climatizadas reguladas em cinco temperaturas (15, 20, 25, 30 e 35°C). Os parâmetros observados nessa etapa do experimento foram: período de desenvolvimento dos ovos (número de dias, da postura até a eclosão); taxa de eclosão de imaturos; desenvolvimento de imaturos; taxa de emergência de adultos; longevidade, o período (em dia) de postura até a morte dos adultos da primeira geração (F1). Como resultado obteve-se o ciclo completo nas temperaturas 20, 25 e 30oC, com duração média de 32,78, 27,76 e 28,44 dias, respectivamente. Para a geração F1, não foram observadas postura na temperatura 30ºC, enquanto em 20 e 25ºC, a fecundidade média das fêmeas foi de 19,04 e 26,40, respectivamente. A duração média do período de incubação de ovos foi de 6,70 (20ºC) e 5,59 dias (25ºC). Portanto, infere-se que as temperaturas 15 e 35ºC são limitantes para o desenvolvimento do inseto, pois, durante o estudo, os imaturos de Blastopsylla occidentalis não completaram o ciclo de desenvolvimento. A faixa de temperatura ótima para o desenvolvimento e reprodução foi entre 20 e 25ºC, sendo que em 25ºC foi a temperatura em que o inseto apresentou menor mortalidade em todas as fases, menor tempo de desenvolvimento e maior número médio de ovos/dias. Espera-se que esses resultados sirvam para conduzir estudos para a aplicação de técnicas de manejo para eventual controle da espécie.

ABSTRACT Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor, 1985 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is a psyllid which host is the eucalyptus, originally from Australia, which was introduced in Brazil in the mid-1990s. Little is known on the biology of this insect. Here, we examine the effect of temperature on its development and the reproduction under laboratory conditions. The experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019, in climate chambers regulated at five temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C). The parameters observed at this stage of the experiment were: period of the egg development (number of days, from laying to hatching); hatching rate of immatures; development of immatures; adult emergency rate; longevity, the period (in day) of laying until the death of the first generation adults (F1). Blastopsylla occidentalis completed the life cycle at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30C, with an average duration of 32.78, 27.76 and 28.44 days, respectively. In the F1 generation, no posture was observed at 30°C, while at 20 and 25°C, the average fertility was 19.04 and 26.40 eggs per female, respectively. The average duration of the egg incubation was 6.70 (20 °C) and 5.59 (25 °C) days. Immature B. occidentalis did not complete their development at 15 and 35°C and we conclude that these temperatures limit its development. The optimum temperature range for the development and the reproduction was between 20 and 25°C, with 25°C, being the temperature at which the insect had the lowest mortality in all stages, the shortest development time and the highest average number of eggs/days. It is hoped that these results will help to improve the management techniques for the control of the species.

In this paper, we have applied state-of-the-art technologies and new investigations were developed focusing on obtaining simple and inexpensive molecules for treating cardiovascular diseases, as they are considered the leading cause of death in the world. For the first time, the inclusion complex of sulcatone (SU) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was achieved (using a spray drier) and characterized making use of spectroscopic, thermal and computational methods. In addition, the system was evaluated regarding its vasorelaxant properties. Evidence of the inclusion complex formation was provided using different techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and then deduced by pharmacological experiments, which showed significant changes in relation to the initial material.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burns are a serious public health problem. Knowledge of the main epidemiological data of affected patients is paramount for preventing and establishing the best clinical treatment for these individuals. The objective was to survey the epidemiological profile of burns, the main mechanisms involved, treatments, and outcomes of these cases at the Hospital de Clínicas da UFTM. Methods: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study of hospitalizations for burns at HC-UFTM from January 2015 to December 2019. Gender, age, depth of burns, location, etiology, use of opioids, hospitalization duration, outcome (hospital discharge or death), and extent of burned areas (EBA%). Results: This study was composed of 138 patients, divided into three groups: group 1 (G1), 39 patients; group 2 (G2), 89 participants, of which 5 died; and group 3 (G3), 10 participants, 4 of whom died. As for the trauma mechanism, the most common was scald (17.39%), followed by thermal burn (13.76%), alcohol (8.69%), and electric burns (5.79%). Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence of second-degree burns in male patients. The most prevalent mechanism of trauma was scald, and the EBA had an average of 23.9%. The face and neck were the most affected segments, and 61.59% of the patients required opioids during hospitalization. Regarding the outcome, 91.30% of patients were discharged from the hospital, and 6.52% died, with most cases in G2. Introduction problem individuals involved treatments UFTM Methods crosssectional cross sectional HCUFTM HC 201 2019 Gender age location etiology duration hospital death, death , death) EBA%. EBA% . (EBA%) Results 13 groups G1, G1 G (G1) G2, G2 (G2) 8 participants died G3, G3 (G3) 17.39%, 1739 17.39% 17 (17.39%) 13.76%, 1376 13.76% 76 (13.76%) 8.69%, 869 8.69% 69 (8.69%) 5.79%. 579 5.79% 79 (5.79%) Conclusion seconddegree second degree 239 23 9 23.9% segments 6159 61 59 61.59 9130 91 30 91.30 652 6 52 6.52 20 (EBA% (G1 (G2 (G3 173 17.39 (17.39% 137 13.76 7 (13.76% 86 8.69 (8.69% 57 5.79 (5.79% 23.9 615 61.5 913 91.3 65 6.5 (EBA (G 17.3 (17.39 13.7 (13.76 8.6 (8.69 5.7 (5.79 23. 61. 91. 6. 17. (17.3 13. (13.7 8. (8.6 5. (5.7 (17. (13. (8. (5. (17 (13 (8 (5 (1 (

RESUMO Introdução: As queimaduras são um grave problema de saúde pública. O conhecimento dos principais dados epidemiológicos dos pacientes acometidos é de suma importância para a prevenção e instituição do melhor tratamento clínico a esses indivíduos. Objetivou-se realizar um levantamento sobre o perfil epidemiológico das queimaduras, os principais mecanismos envolvidos, tratamentos e desfechos destes casos no Hospital de Clínicas da UFTM. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e transversal, das internações por queimadura no HC- UFTM, de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2019. Foram avaliados: gênero, idade, profundidade das queimaduras, localização, etiologia, utilização de opioides, tempo de internação hospitalar, desfecho (alta hospitalar ou óbito) e extensão das áreas queimadas (SCQ%). Resultados: Este estudo foi composto por 138 pacientes, divididos em 3 grupos: grupo 1 (G1), 39 pacientes; o grupo 2 (G2), 89 participantes, dos quais 5 foram a óbito; e o grupo 3 (G3), 10 participantes, sendo que 4 vieram a óbito. Quanto ao mecanismo do trauma, o mais comum foi por escaldadura (17,39%), seguida pela queimadura térmica (13,76%), pelo álcool (8,69%) e queimaduras elétricas (5,79%). Conclusão: Houve uma maior prevalência de queimaduras de segundo grau em pacientes do gênero masculino. O mecanismo de trauma mais prevalente foi escaldadura e a SQC teve média de 23,9%. A face e o pescoço foram os segmentos mais acometidos e 61,59% dos pacientes necessitaram com uso de opioides na internação. Com relação ao desfecho, 91,30% dos pacientes receberam alta hospitalar e 6,52% vieram a óbito, com a maioria dos casos no G2. Introdução pública indivíduos Objetivouse Objetivou se envolvidos UFTM Métodos Tratase Trata transversal HC 201 2019 avaliados idade localização etiologia óbito SCQ%. SCQ SCQ% . (SCQ%) Resultados 13 grupos G1, G1 G , (G1) G2, G2 (G2) 8 participantes G3, G3 (G3) 17,39%, 1739 17,39% 17 (17,39%) 13,76%, 1376 13,76% 76 (13,76%) 8,69% 869 69 (8,69% 5,79%. 579 5,79% 79 (5,79%) Conclusão masculino 239 23 9 23,9% 6159 61 59 61,59 9130 91 30 91,30 652 6 52 6,52 20 (SCQ% (G1 (G2 (G3 173 17,39 (17,39% 137 13,76 7 (13,76% 8,69 86 (8,69 57 5,79 (5,79% 23,9 615 61,5 913 91,3 65 6,5 (SCQ (G 17,3 (17,39 13,7 (13,76 8,6 (8,6 5,7 (5,79 23, 61, 91, 6, 17, (17,3 13, (13,7 8, (8, 5, (5,7 (17, (13, (8 (5, (17 (13 ( (5 (1

ABSTRACT Introduction: Injuries caused by burns represent a significant public health problem, constituting the fourth leading cause of childhood death in Brazil and the United States. In addition, few diseases carry such substantial losses as burns, with considerable morbidity due to the development of physical and psychosocial sequelae. This study aimed to outline the epidemiological profile of 0-18-year-old children treated for burns at a teaching hospital in Curitiba, Paraná. Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study involved analysis of 625 medical records of 0-18-year-old children who were victims of burns from January 2010 to December 2017. Information was collected on age, sex, length of hospitalization, death, body region affected, burned body surface area (BSA), depth, etiologic agent, and therapeutic approach. Results: A plurality of the sample were infants (43%), and the average age of the sample was 12.6 years. Most of the sample was comprised males, and the patients remained hospitalized for an average of 14.5 days. Of the burns, 98% were caused by thermal agents, particularly hot liquids. Most burns were second-degree burns (61.3%), reaching up to 25% of the BSA, and the most affected region was the trunk. Among the treatment modalities, 44% of the patients needed surgical intervention with debridement and grafting. Conclusion: Younger children are more prone to burns, especially in the home environment. A prepared and qualified team is of crucial importance for optimizing outcomes in these patients. Introduction problem States addition sequelae 018yearold yearold 0 18 year old Curitiba Paraná Methods crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional 62 201 2017 sex hospitalization BSA , (BSA) depth agent approach Results 43%, 43 43% (43%) 126 12 6 12. years males 145 14 5 14. days 98 agents liquids seconddegree second degree 61.3%, 613 61.3% 61 3 (61.3%) 25 trunk modalities 44 grafting Conclusion environment 1 20 (BSA 4 (43% 9 61.3 (61.3% 2 (43 61. (61.3 (4 (61. ( (61 (6

RESUMO Introdução: Lesões geradas por queimaduras representam um importante problema de saúde pública, constituindo a quarta causa de morte na infância no Brasil e Estados Unidos. Além disso, poucas são as doenças que trazem prejuízos tão importantes, com considerável morbidade pelo desenvolvimento de sequelas físicas e psicossociais. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é traçar o perfil epidemiológico de crianças de 0-18 anos atendidas em um hospital escola de Curitiba, Paraná. Métodos: Estudo transversal e retrospectivo realizado através da análise de 625 prontuários de internação de crianças de 0-18 anos vítimas de queimaduras, entre janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2017. Foram coletadas informações sobre idade, sexo, tempo de internação, óbito, região corporal atingida, extensão da superfície corporal, grau de profundidade, agente etiológico e abordagem terapêutica. Resultados: A maior parte da amostra era composta por lactentes (43%), com média de idade de 12,6 anos. O sexo mais afetado foi o masculino e os pacientes permaneceram cerca de 14,5 dias internados. No estudo, 98% das queimaduras apresentaram como etiologia o agente térmico, principalmente por líquido quente. Em relação ao grau de profundidade, a maioria das queimaduras foram de 2º grau (61,3%), atingindo até 25% de superfície corporal queimada (SCQ), sendo o tronco o mais afetado. Dentre as modalidades de tratamento, 44% dos pacientes necessitaram de intervenção cirúrgica com debridamento e enxertia. Conclusão: Crianças mais novas são mais propensas a sofrerem queimaduras principalmente no ambiente domiciliar e, além disso, uma equipe preparada e capacitada é de crucial importância no prognóstico destes doentes. Introdução pública Unidos disso importantes psicossociais 018 0 18 0-1 Curitiba Paraná Métodos 62 201 2017 óbito atingida profundidade terapêutica Resultados 43%, 43 43% , (43%) 126 12 6 12, 145 14 5 14, internados 98 térmico quente º 61,3%, 613 61,3% 61 3 (61,3%) 25 SCQ, SCQ (SCQ) tratamento 44 enxertia Conclusão doentes 01 1 0- 20 4 (43% 9 61,3 (61,3% 2 (SCQ (43 61, (61,3 (4 (61, ( (61 (6

ABSTRACT Introduction: Suicide is a serious public health problem. For every death, there are an estimated 10 suicide attempts. Among the means of suicide, burns are prominent due to the lesion severity, the high mortality rate, and the severe functional, aesthetic, and psychological damage. Women comprise the majority of patients with a history of attempting suicide and death by burns and represent a vulnerable group that deserves attention. Methods: This retrospective descriptive time-series study was performed in the Burn Treatment Unit at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Brasília, Distrito Federal (DF) between 2010 and 2015. Results: A total of 42 women with a history of suicide by burns, attempted or consummated, were identified; 15 deaths were directly related to the thermal injury. Suicide by burns was the most predominant among patients aged 30 to 44 years was observed, followed by those aged 15 to 29 years. In 64.3% of cases, the event occurred in the Brasília, Distrito Federal (DF). Alcohol was the most common etiological agent (71.4%). The average burned body surface area was 34.38%, and the patients who died presented larger burned areas (59.53%) than that in those who survived (20.4%). Conclusion: The data obtained from the Brasília, Distrito Federal (DF) corroborate information from the literature. Despite progress involving the management and treatment of burn patients, prevention remains the best strategy. Introduction problem 1 attempts severity rate functional aesthetic damage attention Methods timeseries time series Brasília DF (DF 201 2015 Results 4 consummated identified injury 3 observed 2 643 64 64.3 cases DF. . 71.4%. 714 71.4% 71 (71.4%) 3438 34 38 34.38% 59.53% 5953 59 53 (59.53% 20.4%. 204 20.4% 20 (20.4%) Conclusion literature strategy 6 64. 71.4 7 (71.4% 343 34.38 59.53 595 5 (59.53 20.4 (20.4% 71. (71.4 34.3 59.5 (59.5 20. (20.4 (71. 34. 59. (59. (20. (71 (59 (20 (7 (5 (2 (

RESUMO Introdução: O suicídio é um sério problema de saúde pública. Estima-se que para cada óbito existam 10 tentativas. Dentre os meios utilizados, as queimaduras têm destaque devido à gravidade das lesões, a alta taxa de letalidade e os grandes prejuízos funcionais, estéticos e psicológicos. As mulheres, por constituírem a maioria dos pacientes com história de tentativa de suicídio e morte por queimaduras, representam um grupo vulnerável que merece recorte para aprofundamento do estudo. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, de caráter descritivo de série temporal. Foi desenvolvido na Unidade Tratamento de Queimados e no Instituto de Medicina Legal em Brasília (DF), entre os anos de 2010 e 2015. Resultados: Foram identificadas 42 mulheres com história de suicídio por queimaduras, tentado ou consumado. Houve 15 óbitos relacionados diretamente à lesão térmica. Houve um predomínio da faixa etária entre 30 e 44 anos, seguida por 15 a 29 anos. Em 64,3% dos casos o evento aconteceu no DF. Em relação aos agentes etiológicos, o mais comum foi o álcool (71,4%). A média de superfície corporal queimada foi de 34,38%, sendo que as pacientes que faleceram apresentaram áreas queimadas maiores (59,53%) do que as que sobreviveram (20,4%). Conclusão: Os dados obtidos no DF corroboram informações da literatura. Apesar do progresso envolvendo manejo e tratamento dos pacientes queimados, a prevenção continua sendo a melhor atitude. Introdução pública Estimase Estima se 1 tentativas utilizados lesões funcionais psicológicos estudo Métodos retrospectivo temporal DF, , (DF) 201 2015 Resultados 4 consumado térmica 3 2 643 64 64,3 etiológicos 71,4%. 714 71,4% . 71 (71,4%) 3438 34 38 34,38% 59,53% 5953 59 53 (59,53% 20,4%. 204 20,4% 20 (20,4%) Conclusão literatura queimados atitude (DF 6 64, 71,4 7 (71,4% 343 34,38 59,53 595 5 (59,53 20,4 (20,4% 71, (71,4 34,3 59,5 (59,5 20, (20,4 (71, 34, 59, (59, (20, (71 (59 (20 (7 (5 (2 (

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GnRH, hCG and eCG applied 14 days after fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) on the rate of pregnancy and embryonic and foetal survival in cows under heat stress. The cows (n = 234) were synchronized, inseminated and received 14 days later via i.m. the hormonal application: a) Control group: 2 ml of saline solution (n=56), b) GnRH group: 100 µg of GnRH (n=58), Group c) hCG: 1500 IU of hCG (n=60), and d) ECG Group: 400 IU of eCG (n=60). The diagnosis of pregnancy and the evaluation of the number of corpora lutea (CL) was determined by ultrasonography on days 34, 45 and 60 of the AI. Cows treated with GnRH had a higher pregnancy rate (p<0.05) and no significant differences were found between the other groups. Embryonic and foetal survival between days 45 and 60 was constant in all groups, but one foetal death occurred in the eCG group. There were no significant differences in the proportion of accessory CL between the treated groups and the control group at 60 days of gestation. It is concluded that the administration of GnRH 14 days post-FTAI improves the pregnancy rate in dairy cows under caloric stress.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de GnRH, hCG y eCG aplicados 14 días después de la inseminación artificial a tiempo (IATF) fijo sobre la tasa de preñez y sobrevivencia embrionaria y fetal en vacas sometidas a estrés calórico. Las vacas (n=234) fueron sincronizadas e inseminadas y recibieron diferentes dosis hormonales vía i.m. 14 días después: a) Grupo control: 2 ml de suero fisiológico (n=56), b) Grupo GnRH: 100 µg de GnRH (n=58), Grupo c) hCG: 1500 UI de hCG (n=60), y d) Grupo eCG: 400 UI de eCG (n=60). El diagnóstico de gestación y la evaluación del número de cuerpos lúteos (CL) se determinó mediante ultrasonografía a los días 34, 45 y 60 de la IA. Las vacas tratadas con GnRH presentaron una mayor tasa de preñez (p<0.05) y sin diferencias significativas entre los demás grupos. La sobrevivencia embrionaria y fetal entre los días 45 y 60 fue constante en todos los grupos, pero ocurrió una muerte fetal en el grupo eCG. No hubo diferencia significativa en la proporción de cuerpos lúteos accesorios entre los grupos tratados y el grupo control a los 60 días de gestación. Se concluye que la administración de GnRH 14 días pos-IATF mejora la tasa de preñez en vacas lecheras sometidas a estrés calórico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: L. eximia is a species that shows a wide geographical distribution in Costa Rica, whose populations are stable throughout the year. The biological characteristics of L. eximia allow it to be considered as a potential forensic indicator for the calculation of the minimum post mortem interval (PMI). Objective: To compare the PMI calculated by a thermal accumulation model with L. eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with the PMI in corpses of pigs (Sus scrofa). Methods: Two pig corpses were exposed in a tropical premontane moist forest. Larvae of L. eximia were collected from the pig carcasses at 78, 144 and 192 hours after the moment of death, and their development was promoted under controlled conditions. With the data generated, thermal back-projections were made to calculate the PMI. Results: L. eximia required a total of 7 236.50 accumulated degree hours (ADH) to complete its life cycle. The IPMs calculated by the thermal accumulation model were 112.56, 153.60, and 104.64 hours, respectively. Only the intermediate value did not present statistically significant differences with the known time of death (p>0.05). Conclusions: The thermal accumulation model using L. eximia as a forensic indicator provided accurate information about the PMI only when samples were collected at 144 hours, which indicates that this method may be accurate and useful during the first stages of cadaveric decomposition.

RESUMEN Introducción: L. eximia es una especie de amplia distribución geográfica en Costa Rica, cuyas poblaciones son estables durante todo el año. Las características biológicas de ésta permiten concebirla como un potencial indicador forense para el cálculo del intervalo post mortem mínimo (IPM). Objetivo: Comparar el IPM calculado mediante un modelo de acumulación térmica con L. eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae), con el IPM real en cadáveres de cerdos domésticos (Sus scrofa). Material y Métodos: Dos cadáveres de cerdo fueron expuestos en un bosque premontano húmedo tropical. A partir de dichos cadáveres se colectaron larvas de L. eximia a las 78, 144 y 192 horas posteriores al momento de muerte y se propició su desarrollo en condiciones controladas. Con los datos generados, se realizaron retroproyecciones térmicas para efectuar el cálculo del IPM. Resultados: L. eximia requirió en total 7 236,50 grados- hora acumulados (ADH) para culminar su desarrollo. Los IPM calculados mediante el modelo de acumulación térmica para los tres momentos de colecta fueron 112,56; 153,60 y 104,64 horas. Únicamente el valor intermedio no presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el tiempo de muerte conocido (p>0.05). Conclusiones: El modelo de acumulación térmica en que se utilizó L. eximia brindó información precisa sobre el IPM sólo cuando se tomaron las muestras en el campo a las 144 horas, lo que perfila su utilidad para las primeras etapas de la descomposición cadavérica.

Abstract For the passive design and location of a poultry farm it is necessary to know the thermal regime of the environment and that of the laying hens. The extreme conditions can cause death due to heat stress to the birds as well as a significant drop in production. The objective of this work was to elaborate the statistical analysis of the polygon of hour comfort of laying hens based on the temperature and humidity index (ITH), for the 9 bioclimates in the state of Oaxaca. Initially, bibliographic data were collected to determine the thermal comfort zone and the optimal ITH. Subsequently, it was determined that the ranges proposed by all the authors are met for a better production with the comfort temperature values for the hens, in the range between 18 °C -22 °C and relative humidity between 60% - 70%. Then, an hourly analysis of the hygrothermal conditions in which the bird is found was carried out by calculating the hourly ITH. The results show that laying hens have an emergency hygrothermal condition and danger during the year in the following proportion: warm bioclimate 20.14% in emergency condition and 32.99% in dangerous condition; humid warm bioclimate 4.86% in emergency condition and 38.54% in dangerous condition; warm dry bioclimate in 1.74% in emergency condition and 18.75% in dangerous condition.

Resumen Para el diseño pasivo y la ubicación de una granja avícola se requiere conocer el régimen térmico del ambiente y el de las gallinas de postura. Las condiciones extremas pueden ocasionar la muerte por estrés calórico a las aves además de una importante baja en la producción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar el análisis estadístico del polígono de confort horario de las gallinas de postura con base a el índice de temperatura y humedad (ITH), para los 9 bioclimas en el estado de Oaxaca. Inicialmente se recabaron datos bibliográficos para determinar la zona de confort térmico y los ITH óptimos. Posteriormente, se determinó que se cumple con los rangos propuestos por todos los autores para una mejor producción con los valores de temperatura de confort para las gallinas, en el rango entre 18 °C - 22 °C y humedad relativa entre 60% - 70%. Después se realizó un análisis horario de las condiciones higrotérmicas en las que se encuentra el ave mediante el cálculo del ITH horario. Los resultados muestran que las gallinas de postura presentan una condición higrotérmica de emergencia y de peligro durante el año en la siguiente proporción: bioclima cálido 20.14% en condición de emergencia y 32.99% en condición de peligro; bioclima cálido húmedo 4.86% en condición de emergencia y 38.54% en condición de peligro; bioclima cálido seco en 1.74% en condición de emergencia y 18.75% en condición de peligro.

Walnuts and almond grown in irrigation valley of Patagonia. The freezing damage is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect productivity. The periods of frost risk is from autumn to late spring (April to October). Plants can avoid freezing damage by preventing extracellular ice formation below the equilibrium freezing temperature (supercooling). The objectives were to: 1) evaluate changes in the degree of hardening before and during winter in walnuts stem segments of one-year-old (cv Chandler y Franquette); 2) determine the threshold for supercooling of almond blossom (cv Guara, Ferragnes y Farraduel). To study were compared thermal analysis and the evaluation of tissue health after controlled freezing, based on tissue browning. Our observations and results indicate that the degree of walnut frost tolerance depends on the previous climate history. During late summer and autumn the value TNH is -5ºC, reaching the LT50 to -7.7ºC and 100% damage with minimum temperatures of -10°C for more than an hour. In the winter rest TNH is -6.5ºC and reaches 25% damage with minimum temperatures of -15°C. The desaclimatización induced decreases tissue tolerance (TNH -4.6ºC to -5.6ºC) and increases variability in response to low temperatures, with frost -8ºC the degree of damage can be from 10 to 50% and -15ºC of 25 to 100%. Young walnut wood, the concentration of soluble sugars is the main indicator and physiological regulator of frost tolerance. Almond flowers have TNH of -1.7ºC to -2.5°C. Exposure for more than an hour at these temperatures causes the death of 45% of the organs. If the pre-flowering period is fresh, the degree of desaclimation is lower, TNH values decrease -3.8ºC giving it greater tolerance to frost.

El nogal y el almendro son cultivados en los valles irrigados de Patagonia norte. El daño por heladas es el estrés ambiental más importante que afecta la productividad de estos cultivos. El período de riesgo por heladas se extiende desde el otoño hasta finales de primavera (abril a octubre). Las plantas pueden evitar el daño por congelamiento al prevenir la formación de hielo extracelular bajando la temperatura de congelamiento (superenfriamiento). Nuestros objetivos fueron: 1) evaluar los cambios en el grado de resistencia antes y durante el invierno en segmentos de tallos de un año de edad de nogales (cv Chandler y Franquette) y 2) determinar los umbrales de superenfriamiento en flores de almendro (cv Guara, Ferragnes y Farraduel). Para el estudio se comparó el análisis térmico y la evaluación del tejido sano después del enfriamiento controlado, basado en el amarronamiento del tejido dañado. Nuestras observaciones y resultados indican que para nogal el grado de tolerancia a las heladas depende de la historia climática previa. Durante fines de verano y otoño el valor de temperatura de nucleación del hielo (TNH) es de -5 ºC, alcanzando la LT50 a -7,7 ºC y 100% de daño con temperaturas mínimas de -10 ºC por más de una hora. En pleno reposo invernal la TNH es de -6,5 ºC y se llega al 25% de daño con temperaturas mínimas de -15 ºC. La desaclimatización inducida disminuye la tolerancia del tejido (TNH de -5,6 a -4,6 ºC) y aumenta la variabilidad de respuesta a las bajas temperaturas, con heladas de -8 ºC el grado de daño puede ser del 10 al 50% y con -15 ºC de 25 al 100%. En madera joven de nogal, la concentración de azucares solubles es el principal indicador y regulador fisiológico de la tolerancia a las heladas. Las flores de almendro tienen un TNH de -1,7º a -2,5 ºC. La exposición por más de una hora a estas temperaturas provoca la muerte del 45% de los órganos. Si el período prefloración es fresco, el grado de desaclimatación es menor, los valores de TNH disminuyen a -3,8 ºC otorgándole mayor tolerancia a las heladas.

ABSTRACT Thermal stress is the result of a misbalance between heat produced or gained from the environment and the amount of heat lost to the environment. The level of thermal stress can range from minor or no effect to death of vulnerable animals. Under summertime conditions, thermal stress results in hyperthermia or heat stress. Heat stress in feedlot cattle is a common summertime occurrence in cattle-producing parts of the world (USA, Australia, Brazil, etc.). Effects on animals experiencing heat stress include decreases in feed intake, animal growth, and production efficiency. During these extreme events, animal losses can exceed 5% of all cattle on feed in a single feedlot. Luckily, these extreme events are generally very localized and last only a day or two. However, these losses can be devastating to individual producers within the affected area. The level of heat stress an individual animal will experience is a result of a combination of three distinct components: environmental conditions, individual animal susceptibility, and management of the herd. Environmental components include temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. Several indices have been developed to summarize the different components into a single value. Individual animal susceptibility is influenced by many different factors including coat color, sex, temperament, previous health history, acclimation, and condition score. Finally, management greatly influences the effects of thermal stress. Management factors can be broken into four distinct categories: feed, water, environmental influences, and handling. Understanding these risk factors and how each one influences animal stress will aid in the development of management strategies and how to implement them. Management strategies that can be employed at the right time and to the correct groups of animals will increase benefits to the animals and limit costs for the producers.

Thermal preference and tolerance of juvenile Anisotremus scapularis (Pisces: Haemulidae) at different acclimation temperatures (14, 17 and 22°C) were evaluated in order to estimate the optimum temperature and the thermal tolerance limits of this species. The preference was determined through acute preferred temperature. Maximum critical temperature and mean lethal temperature allowed to estimate thermal tolerance. The results show that acclimation temperatures higher than 14°C increase both thermal preference and tolerance. However, individuals acclimatized to 22°C preferred temperatures lower than their acclimation. In addition, thermal tolerance was identical between individuals acclimatized at 17°C and 22°C. The optimum temperature of juvenile A. scapularis was 18.7 ± 2°C and its upper and lower tolerance limit was 32.6 and 10.1°C, respectively. Based on the results, we concluded that a temperature of 18.7 ± 2°C would optimize the physiological processes in juvenile A. scapularis and that temperature higher than 32.6°C and lower than 10.1°C would cause the immediate death of the organism.

Se evaluó la preferencia y tolerancia térmica de juveniles de Anisotremus scapularis (Pisces: Haemulidae) a diferentes temperaturas de aclimatación (14, 17 y 22°C) con el fin de estimar la temperatura óptima y los límites térmicos de tolerancia de esta especie. La preferencia fue determinada mediante el método de temperatura preferida aguda. La tolerancia fue estimada mediante la temperatura crítica máxima y la temperatura letal media. Los resultados muestran que temperaturas de aclimatación mayores a 14°C incrementan la preferencia y tolerancia térmica de la especie. Sin embargo, individuos aclimatados a 22°C prefieren temperaturas menores a su aclimatación y limitan su tolerancia con respecto a los individuos aclimatados a 17°C. La temperatura óptima estimada para juveniles de A. scapularis fue de 18,7 ± 2°C y su límite térmico superior e inferior de tolerancia fue de 32,6 y 10,1°C, respectivamente. En base a los resultados se concluye que una temperatura de 18,7 ± 2°C optimizaría los procesos fisiológicos en juveniles de A. scapularis, y que temperaturas mayores a 32,6°C y menores a 10,1°C ocasionarían la muerte inmediata del organismo.