Abstract Introduction: Aquatic birds (AB) are usually associated with wetlands, which provide refuge, food, and/or nesting sites for resident and migratory species. Despite their ecological importance, there is little knowledge on AB in some tropical environments, such as those found on the Colima coast. Objective: To investigate the spatial and temporal composition of the AB community in Juluapan Lagoon, Colima, Central Mexican Pacific. Methods: Monthly counts were conducted between June 2017 and May 2018 during low-tide conditions to record habitat use by AB. Species richness and bird counts were obtained to compare sampling areas; mean richness and number of individuals were compared between seasons. Results: We detected 53 species and 5 750 individuals. The highest species richness and relative abundance values were obtained in winter at the lagoon area farthest from the connection with the marine system, where anthropogenic activity is lower. Diversity was greater in zones 2 and 3 in spring, summer, and fall. Muddy flats were the most used environment, and the most frequent activity was resting. Nesting activity was only recorded in the middle of the lagoon at the mangrove during spring. “Shorebirds” and “waders” were the most dominant groups in the bird community of the Juluapan lagoon. Conclusions: This coastal wetland is a site of great biological importance for aquatic birds; thus, conservation measures should be implemented, and there should be a continuous study of the effects of anthropogenic pressure.

Resumen Introducción: Las aves acuáticas (AA) son usualmente relacionadas a los humedales debido a que éstos funcionan como sitios de refugio, alimentación y anidación de diferentes especies residentes y migratorias. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre las aves acuáticas en algunos humedales es nulo. Objetivo: Investigar la composición espacio-temporal de la comunidad de AA en la laguna Juluapan, Colima, en el Pacífico Central Mexicano. Métodos: Entre junio de 2017 y mayo de 2018 se llevaron a cabo conteos mensuales en condiciones de marea baja para registrar el uso de hábitat de las AA. Se obtuvieron valores de riqueza de especies y número de individuos para realizar comparaciones entre zonas de muestreo, así como el promedio del número de especies y número de individuos para comparaciones entre temporadas. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 53 especies y 5 750 individuos. Los valores de riqueza de especies y densidad de individuos fueron más altos durante invierno, en la zona más alejada al ambiente marino, donde la actividad antropogénica es menor. La diversidad tuvo valores más altos en la zona 2 y 3, durante primavera, verano y otoño. El ambiente más explotado por las aves fueron las planicies lodosas; y el descanso fue la actividad más frecuente. Asimismo, la actividad de anidación sólo se registró en el manglar de la zona media durante primavera. Las “aves playeras” y “aves zancudas” fueron los grupos más predominantes en la comunidad de aves de la laguna Juluapan. Conclusiones: Este humedal costero es un sitio de gran importancia biológica para aves acuáticas, por lo que resulta necesario la implementación de medidas de conservación, así como el estudio de los efectos por la presión antropogénica.

Abstract Introduction: The use of arthropods in ecological studies in the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Colombia focused mainly on spiders, butterflies, ants, and dung beetles; therefore, it is necessary to understand the seasonal dynamics of the other groups such as Geadephaga in this ecosystem. Objective: To evaluate the spatio-temporal variations and the effect of environmental conditions on the diversity of the Geadephaga communities in two TDF fragments in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: This study was conducted during four sampling events between February and June 2018, each lasting four days, and four nights. Four sampling stations were selected in each locality (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM and Reserva La Flecha = RLF), separated 350 m one from another, with square plots of 50 × 50 m. A light trap was installed in the center of each square, while pitfall traps were installed in the four vertices, and manual capture, beating sheets and leaf litter sieve were carried out. Results: A total of 348 Carabidae and 114 of Cicindelidae were captured. In both fragments, the richness and abundance presented the lowest values in dry season, while the highest values were observed during the rainy season. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) was the most abundant species in RCM during rainy season. Conclusions: The richness variation and abundance of Geadephaga corresponds to a seasonal pattern at both locations. A high dissimilarity between the communities of Geadephaga from the two fragments was found, despite having similar environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de artrópodos en estudios ecológicos en el bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) de Colombia se centra mayormente en arañas, mariposas, hormigas y escarabajos coprófagos; por lo tanto, es necesario comprender como es la dinámica estacional de otros grupos como Geadephaga en este ecosistema. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación espacio-temporal y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la diversidad de las comunidades de Geadephaga en dos fragmentos de Bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro eventos de muestreo entre febrero y junio de 2018; cada uno con una duración de cuatro días y cuatro noches. En cada localidad (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM y Reserva La Flecha = RLF), se marcaron cuatro estaciones distanciadas 350 m, con parcelas de 50×50 m. En el centro de cada parcela se instaló una trampa de luz, mientras que en los cuatro vértices se instalaron trampas de caída, y se realizó captura manual, cernido de hojarasca y perturbación de follaje. Resultados: Se capturó un total de 348 ejemplares de Carabidae y 114 de Cicindelidae. La riqueza y la abundancia presentaron los valores más bajos durante el período seco, mientras que los mayores valores se observaron durante el período de lluvias, en ambos fragmentos. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) fue la especie más abundante en la RCM durante el período lluvioso. Conclusiones: La variación de la riqueza y abundancia de Geadephaga responde a un patrón estacional en ambos fragmentos. Se encontró una amplia disimilitud entre las comunidades de Geadephaga de ambos fragmentos, pese a tener condiciones ambientales parecidas.

Abstract Introduction: Various anthropic pressures affect the aquatic ecosystems of the foothills of Colombia. The response to environmental stressors is still unknown in bioindicator organisms such as Leptohyphidae. Objective: To determine the diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs of the Quenane-Quenanito river, in two contrasting hydrological periods and its relationship with some physicochemical variables. Methods: In December (2014) and February (2015), organisms were collected with a Surber net at six stations along the current. Alpha and beta diversity was analyzed and redundancy analysis and generalized linear model were applied to establish the relationship between taxa and environmental variables. Results: Were identified 369 organisms belonging to four genera (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis, and Tricorythodes), two species, and eight morphospecies. Amanahyphes saguassu is reported for the first time for the Meta department. High diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs was recorded in the transition to drought season and greater abundance in drought. Beta diversity indicated that the configuration of the assemblage changes spatially and temporally. Conclusions: Leptohyphidae organisms prefer fast habitats, particularly in the dry period where they find food (leaf litter, detritus) and shelter to establish themselves successfully; anthropic activities such as urbanization notably affect diversity. The high diversity recorded in this small river in the foothills of the plains reflects the need to increase this type of works and collection efforts of study material in the region.

Resumen Introducción: Varias presiones antrópicas sufren los ecosistemas acuáticos del piedemonte llanero en Colombia. La respuesta a estresores ambientales aún se desconoce en organismos bioindicadores como Leptohyphidae. Objetivo: Determinar la diversidad de ninfas de Leptohyphidae del río Quenane-Quenanito, en dos periodos hidrológicos contrastantes y su relación con algunas variables fisicoquímicas. Métodos: En diciembre (2014) y febrero (2015) se recolectaron organismos con red Surber en seis estaciones a lo largo del río. Se analizó la diversidad alfa y beta y se aplicó análisis de redundancia y modelos lineales generalizados con el fin de establecer la relación entre los taxones y las variables ambientales. Resultados: Se identificaron 369 organismos pertenecientes a cuatro géneros (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis y Tricorythodes), dos especies y ocho morfoespecies. Se reporta por primera vez para el departamento del Meta Amanahyphes saguassu. Se registró la mayor diversidad de ninfas en la transición a la sequía y la mayor abundancia en sequía. La diversidad beta señaló que la configuración del ensamblaje cambia a nivel espacial y temporal. Conclusiones: Los organismos de Leptohyphidae prefieren hábitats de corrientes, particularmente en el periodo de sequía, donde hallan alimento (hojarasca, detritos) y refugio para establecerse exitosamente; actividades antrópicas como la urbanización afectan notablemente la diversidad. La alta diversidad registrada en este pequeño río de piedemonte llanero refleja la necesidad de incrementar este tipo de trabajos y esfuerzos de recolección de material de estudio en la región.

RESUMEN La definición de los árboles fuera del bosque (AFB) contempla a los productos forestales no madereros y constituyen un conjunto de bienes y servicios que tributan a la producción de alimentos en diferentes formas agrícolas. La investigación se realizó en la finca familiar Maripa, municipio de Cumanayagua, provincia Cienfuegos, Cuba, con el objetivo de analizar la evolución en el tiempo de los AFB en el área de ubicación de la finca. Se abordó un análisis diacrónico a través del método de los cortes sincrónicos, con un diseño de investigación transversal y enfoque descriptivo, donde se midieron aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos sin manipular variables. El eje temporal elegido se concretó en tres cortes sucesivos, 1935-1965, 1966-1996 y 1997-2023, con una reconstrucción aproximada de las condiciones de aquellos elementos más significativos del paisaje. Se calcularon indicadores ecológicos, ajustados a los AFB presentes en la finca en el tercer corte. Resultó en el tiempo una dinámica de cambio del paisaje hacia un agroecosistema, con un 21,95 % de especies no presentes en la finca al cierre del primer semestre del año 2023 en relación con el período 1935-1965. En la actualidad se cuantificaron 64 especies pertenecientes a 33 familias botánicas, con mayor representación de: Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Anacardeaceae y Sapotaceae. Los índices ecológicos mostraron una alta diversidad y riqueza de especies, con baja dominancia.

RESUMO A definição de árvores fora da floresta (AFB) inclui produtos florestais não madeireiros e constitui um conjunto de bens e serviços que contribuem para a produção de alimentos em diferentes formas agrícolas. A pesquisa foi realizada na fazenda da família Maripa, no município de Cumanayagua, província de Cienfuegos, Cuba, com o objetivo de analisar a evolução ao longo do tempo da AFB na área onde a fazenda está localizada. Foi realizada uma análise diacrônica usando o método de cortes sincrônicos, com um desenho de pesquisa transversal e abordagem descritiva, em que foram medidos aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos sem manipulação de variáveis. O eixo temporal escolhido consistiu em três seções sucessivas, 1935-1965, 1966-1996 e 1997-2023, com uma reconstrução aproximada das condições dos elementos mais significativos da paisagem. Foram calculados indicadores ecológicos, ajustados à AFB presente na fazenda na terceira seção. O resultado foi uma mudança dinâmica da paisagem ao longo do tempo em direção a um agroecossistema, com 21,95% das espécies não presentes na fazenda no final da primeira metade do ano de 2023 em relação ao período de 1935-1965. Atualmente, foram quantificadas 64 espécies pertencentes a 33 famílias botânicas, com maior representação de: Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Anacardeaceae e Sapotaceae. Os índices ecológicos mostraram uma alta diversidade e riqueza de espécies, com baixa dominância.

ABSTRACT The definition of trees outside the forest (TOF) contemplates non-timber forest products and constitutes a set of goods and services that contribute to the production of food in different agricultural forms. The study was carried out on the Maripa family farm, municipality of Cumanayagua, Cienfuegos province, Cuba, with the objective of analyzing the evolution over time of the TOF in the farm's location area. A diachronic analysis was approached through the method of synchronic cuts, with a cross-sectional research design and descriptive approach, where qualitative and quantitative aspects were measured without manipulating variables. The chosen temporal axis was specified in three successive sections, 1935-1965, 1966-1996 and 1997-2023, with an approximate reconstruction of the conditions of those most significant elements of the landscape. Ecological indicators were calculated, adjusted to the TOF present on the farm in the third cut. Over time, a dynamic change of the landscape towards an agroecosystem resulted, with 21.95% of species not present on the farm at the end of the first half of the year 2023 in relation to the period 1935-1965. Currently, 64 species belonging to 33 botanical families were quantified, with the greatest representation of: Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Anacardeaceae and Sapotaceae. The ecological indices showed a high diversity and richness of species, with low dominance.

ABSTRACT The study of the structure and diversity of forest ecosystems is essential to understand the functioning and dynamics of forests. The structure and diversity of woody species in different types of watercourses along the Santa Catarina river in Nuevo Leon, Mexico were described. Three conditions were identified: permanent (I), semi-permanent (II) and temporary (III). In each condition, 14 rectangular sites of 1 000 m2 were established. All species were identified. The crown diameter of each individual was measured. The Importance Value Index (IVI) was determined for each condition. Species richness and diversity was calculated with the Margalef (D Mg ) and Shannon-Wiener (H') indices. In addition, the similarity between conditions was determined using the Sorensen index (Is). 32 species, 29 genus and 16 families were identified. Condition I recorded greater specific richness and greater diversity with 28 species and a diversity value H' = 2.41 ± 0.710, where Salix nigra presented the highest IVI. Condition II presented the highest Margalef richness with a D Mg value = 1.77 ± 0.22. In condition III Leucaena leucocephala turned out to be the most important species. The similarity between conditions was greater than 50%. The results demonstrate the structural variation of the vegetation in different hydrological regimes, which constitutes a solid base for future investigations on the development of the vegetation associated with the Santa Catarina river, and other riparian areas of north of Mexico.

RESUMEN El estudio de la estructura y diversidad de los ecosistemas forestales es fundamental para comprender el funcionamiento y dinámica de los bosques. Se describió la estructura y diversidad de especies leñosas en diferentes tipos de curso de agua a lo largo del río Santa Catarina en Nuevo León, México. Se identificaron tres condiciones hidrológicas: permanente (I), semipermanente (II) y temporal (III). En cada condición se establecieron 14 sitios rectangulares de 1 000 m2, todas las especies de cada sitio fueron identificadas. Se midió el diámetro de la copa de cada individuo, el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) de condición. La riqueza y diversidad de especies fue calculada con los índices de Margalef (D Mg ) y Shannon-Wiener (H'). Además, se determinó la similitud entre condiciones con el índice de Sorensen (Is). Se identificaron 32 especies, 29 géneros y 16 familias. La condición I registró mayor riqueza específica y diversidad con 28 especies y un valor de diversidad H' = 2.41 ± 0.710, en donde Salix nigra presentó el mayor IVI. La condición II presentó la mayor riqueza de Margalef con un valor D Mg de 1.77 ± 0.22. En la condición III Leucaena leucocephala fue la especie más importante. La similitud entre condiciones fue mayor al 50%. Los resultados demuestran la variación estructural de la vegetación en diferentes regímenes hidrológicos, lo cual constituye una base sólida para futuras investigaciones sobre el desarrollo de la vegetación asociada al río Santa Catarina, y otras áreas riparias del norte de México.

Abstract This study aimed to characterize seasonal changes in microphytoplankton composition and abundance on Bahia continental shelf, a region with upwelling events. Semi-annual sampling was conducted during summer and winter from 2017 to 2021 at nine points. Microphytoplankton was sampled using a conical plankton net through horizontal subsurface drags, using a flowmeter coupled to the net, to measure the total volume of filtered water. Temperature and salinity were measured in situ, presenting typical values of tropical waters. In addition, dissolved inorganic nutrient concentration corroborated a tropical marine oligotrophic pattern. A total of 144 taxa were identified in the region, with the phyla Heterokontophyta and Dinoflagellata being the most representative, as is typically recorded in tropical coastal regions. The density ranged from 6.08 × 104 to 3.38 × 108 cells L-1, with higher average values in summer. Although cyanobacteria accounted for only 3.2% of species richness in the region, due to summer blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum (2018, 2019, and 2021), it was the most abundant group throughout the study. It was observed that upwelling events do not seem to establish favorable conditions for marked seasonal changes in microphytoplankton composition and abundance. Trichodesmium erythraeum blooms are closely related to physiology and ecological capacity of this species. Except for bloom periods, the study area presented a high species richness and diversity throughout the analyzed time series.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar los cambios estacionales en la composición y abundancia del microfitoplancton en la plataforma continental de Bahía, una región con presencia de eventos de surgencia. Se realizaron muestreos semestrales durante los veranos e inviernos de 2017 a 2021 en nueve puntos. El microfitoplancton se muestreó utilizando una red cónica de plancton en arrastres horizontales debajo de la superficie, utilizando un medidor de corriente acoplado a la red, para medir el volumen total de agua filtrada. La temperatura y la salinidad fueron medidas in situ, presentando valores típicos de aguas tropicales. Además, las concentraciones de nutrientes inorgánicos disueltos corroboraron el patrón oligotrófico marino tropical. Se identificaron un total de 144 taxones en la región, siendo los phyla Heterokontophyta y Dinoflagellata los más representativos, como se registra típicamente en las regiones costeras tropicales. La densidad varió de 6,08 × 104 a 3,38 × 108 células L-1, con valores promedio más altos en verano. Aunque las cianobacterias representaron solo el 3,2% de la riqueza de especies en la región, debido a las floraciones de verano de Trichodesmium erythraeum (2018, 2019 y 2021), fue el grupo más abundante a lo largo del estudio. Se observó que los eventos de surgencia no parecen establecer condiciones favorables para cambios estacionales marcados en la composición y abundancia del microfitoplancton. Las floraciones de Trichodesmium erythraeum están estrechamente relacionadas con la fisiología y la capacidad ecológica de esta especie. Con excepción de los períodos de floración, el área de estudio presentó patrones de alta riqueza y diversidad de especies a lo largo de la serie temporal analizada.

Abstract Background: Research on weeds in rainfed maize crops in the state of Aguascalientes is scarce. Questions: What weed species are found in rainfed maize crops by biogeographic province? How are they controlled and managed? Study site and periods: One site in each of the three biogeographic provinces of the state of Aguascalientes: Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), Altiplano Sur (AS) and Pacific Coast (CP), 2020 and 2021. Methods: Thirty semi-structured interviews were applied to describe the control and management of weeds. Forty-eight floristic inventories were carried out and the same number of sampling sites to obtain the richness and Shannon-Whiener and Simpson diversity indexes. Floristic similarity was evaluated with the Jaccard Index (I j). Results: Weed control is carried out mainly with tractor, animals and to a lesser extent herbicide. A total of 128 species were identified, 21 of which were introduced. SMO reported higher richness and diversity. There were not significant differences in average richness between the three provinces (P > 0.05) but there is a significant difference in diversity (H’) between SMO with AS and CP as well as (D Si) between CP and SMO (P < 0.05). Floristic similarity was less than 50 %. Conclusions: There is a great richness of weeds in rainfed maize crops. The floristic composition is differentiated by biogeographic province in the state of Aguascalientes. This work increases records and knowledge of weeds at local and national level.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las investigaciones sobre arvenses en cultivo de maíz de temporal en el estado de Aguascalientes son escasas. Preguntas: ¿Qué especies arvenses se encuentran en cultivos de maíz de temporal por provincia biogeográfica en el estado de Aguascalientes? ¿Cómo es su control y manejo? Sitio y años de estudio: Un sitio en cada una de las tres provincias biogeográficas del estado de Aguascalientes: Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), Altiplano Sur (AS) y Costa del Pacífico (CP); durante los ciclos agrícolas 2020 y 2021. Métodos: Se aplicaron 30 entrevistas semiestructuradas para describir el control y manejo de arvenses. Se realizaron 48 inventarios florísticos y mismo número de muestreos para estimar riqueza e índices de diversidad de Shannon-Whiener (H’) y Simpson (D Si). La similitud florística se evaluó con el Índice de Jaccard (Ij). Resultados: El control de arvenses se realiza principalmente con tractor, yunta y en menor proporción herbicida. Se identificaron 128 especies, 21 introducidas. Aunque en SMO se registró mayor riqueza y diversidad, no existe diferencia significativa en la riqueza promedio entre las tres provincias (P > 0.05), pero sí en diversidad (H’) entre SMO con AS y CP y (D Si) entre CP y SMO (P < 0.05). La similitud florística fue menor al 50 %. Conclusiones: En el estado de Aguascalientes existe gran riqueza de arvenses en cultivos de maíz de temporal y la composición florística está diferenciada por provincia biogeográfica. Los resultados de la investigación suman al registro y conocimiento de las arvenses a nivel local y nacional.

Resumo A porção noroeste da ecorregião Floresta Atlântica do Alto Paraná é uma das mais alteradas e fragmentadas da Mata Atlântica, da qual pouco se sabe sobre a avifauna local. Nosso objetivo foi descrever a diversidade e composição da avifauna aquática, bem como analisar os padrões de similaridade quanto a distribuição temporal e espacial destas aves nesta ecorregião. Utilizamos a transecção linear para amostragem em seis áreas úmidas (corpos d’água lênticos e lóticos), nos períodos de seca e chuva entre 2012 e 2013. Registramos 52 espécies de aves aquáticas e as riquezas das áreas mostraram-se distintas, pois apenas Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758), Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert, 1783), Rosthramus sociabilis (Vieillot, 1817), Aramus guarauna (Linnaeus, 1766), Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782), Jacana jacana (Linnaeus, 1766), and Arundinicola leucocephala (Linnaeus, 1764) foram comuns às seis áreas, o que indica seleção de habitat. Quando analisada a composição das aves nos dois períodos aliada à distribuição espacial, encontramos dissimilaridades temporais acentuadas entre os ambientes com características lóticas (rio e aterro) e lênticas (lagoas). Isto mostra que, além das diferentes épocas sazonais, é necessário analisar separadamente os diferentes tipos de áreas úmidas. Por fim, apesar da extensão pequena e baixa riqueza total, a área amostrada abrigou 1/3 das aves aquáticas de água doce para o estado de São Paulo, cinco espécies migratórias e 11 novas espécies para o noroeste do estado. A heterogeneidade de ambientes aquáticos locais, forte seleção de habitat aliada à sazonalidade e ausência de outros locais úmidos em seu entorno, explicam a diversidade e distribuição destas aves estreitamente relacionadas aos corpos d’água desta desconhecida ecorregião da Mata Atlântica.

Abstract The northwestern portion of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion is one of the most disturbed and fragmented areas in the Atlantic Forest, and little is known about the local avifauna. In this study, we have described the composition and diversity of the aquatic avifauna of this region and analyzed the patterns of similarity with respect to the seasonal as well as spatial distribution. We used the line transect sampling technique in six distinct humid areas (including lentic and lotic water bodies) during the dry and rainy seasons of 2012 and 2013. A total of 52 species of waterfowl were recorded. The species richness of the studied areas was surprisingly distinct; only seven waterfowl species, namely Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758), Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert, 1783), Rosthramus sociabilis (Vieillot, 1817), Aramus guarauna (Linnaeus, 1766), Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782), Jacana jacana (Linnaeus, 1766), and Arundinicola leucocephala (Linnaeus, 1764), were common to these six studied areas. This indicated that the other bird species that were observed might be habitat selective. Moreover, the analysis of the composition of birds in the two seasons (dry and rainy) combined with their spatial distributions showed significant dissimilarities between the areas with lotic (river and constructed wetland) and lentic (lagoons) characteristics. Nevertheless, despite the small extent and low total richness of the entire study area, it was found to be home to 1/3 of all freshwater aquatic birds documented in the state of São Paulo, with the record of 5 migratory species and 11 new species added to the northwest of the state. The heterogeneity of local aquatic environments, habitat selection combined with seasonality, and the absence of other humid locations in the surroundings can explain the diversity and distribution of these birds in the water bodies of this uninvestigated Atlantic Forest ecoregion.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the early regeneration stage in previously deforested and cattle-occupied areas of high montane mixed forest in São Joaquim National Park, in the "Planalto Sul Catarinense" region. The study was conducted in two areas in the early successional stage, which had already been inventoried in 2014 and 2018. In each area, 20 plots of 10 x 10 m were established in transects of 20 x 100 m. In 2022, the sites were inventoried again, with all living (? 1 m in height and < 5 cm DBH - diameter at breast height), recruited (? 1 m in height), dead, and outgrowth (? 5 cm DBH) individuals recorded and identified (recruited). The effective richness (Number of Hill) and dynamic rates were determined for the inventory periods (2014-2018-2022). The results show that succession occurs in the areas as species richness increases and dynamic turnover decreases. We conclude that succession occurs with great spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Populations can be grouped according to their dynamic patterns (fast-slow) and ability to become established in the areas (winners-losers). cattleoccupied cattle occupied Park Planalto Catarinense region 201 2018 area 2 2022 again ( height, , height) dead recruited. . (recruited) Number Hill 201420182022. 201420182022 (2014-2018-2022) decreases heterogeneity fastslow fast slow (fast-slow winnerslosers. winnerslosers winners losers (winners-losers) 202 (recruited 20142018202 (2014-2018-2022 (winners-losers 2014201820 (2014-2018-202 201420182 (2014-2018-20 20142018 (2014-2018-2 2014201 (2014-2018- 201420 (2014-2018 20142 (2014-201 (2014-20 (2014-2 (2014- (2014 (201 (20 (2

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estágio inicial de regeneração em áreas anteriormente desmatadas e ocupadas por gado, na Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana, no Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Planalto Catarinense. Realizou-se o estudo em duas áreas em estágio sucessional inicial, que foram previamente inventariadas nos anos de 2014 e 2018. A amostragem em cada área foi por meio de 20 parcelas por área, de 10 x 10 m, distribuídas em transecções de 20 x 100 m. Em 2022, as áreas foram novamente inventariadas, sendo todos os indivíduos com altura ? 1 m e DAP < 5 cm medidos (altura) e, no caso de recrutas, identificados, quantificando-se, também, indivíduos mortos e que se tornaram adultos (? 5 cm). Foram obtidas a riqueza efetiva (Número de Hill) e taxas de dinâmica para os períodos de inventário (2014-2018-2022). Os resultados evidenciaram o avanço da sucessão nas áreas, em virtude do aumento da diversidade de espécies, assim como a redução da rotatividade da dinâmica. Conclui-se que o avanço da trajetória sucessional ocorre de forma a apresentar elevada heterogeneidade espaço-temporal. Quanto às populações existentes, puderam ser agrupadas em função de seus padrões de dinâmica (rápida-lenta) e capacidade de estabelecimento nas áreas (vencedoras-perdedoras). gado AltoMontana, AltoMontana Alto Montana, Montana Alto-Montana Joaquim Catarinense Realizouse Realizou 201 2018 2 2022 (altura recrutas identificados quantificandose, quantificandose quantificando se, quantificando-se também ( cm. . cm) Número Hill 201420182022. 201420182022 (2014-2018-2022) espécies Concluise Conclui espaçotemporal. espaçotemporal espaço temporal. temporal espaço-temporal existentes rápidalenta rápida lenta (rápida-lenta vencedorasperdedoras. vencedorasperdedoras vencedoras perdedoras (vencedoras-perdedoras) 202 20142018202 (2014-2018-2022 (vencedoras-perdedoras 2014201820 (2014-2018-202 201420182 (2014-2018-20 20142018 (2014-2018-2 2014201 (2014-2018- 201420 (2014-2018 20142 (2014-201 (2014-20 (2014-2 (2014- (2014 (201 (20 (2

Abstract The following work presents the first study applying the passive acoustic monitoring of anurans at lotic environments for a long time. This study aims to test the efficiency of the passive acoustic monitoring method and active monitoring in detecting anurans in lotic environments of Itinguçu State Park. Specifically, we tested whether species richness differs when comparing active and passive monitoring surveys. Therefore, this study aims to test the efficiency of the passive acoustic monitoring method and active monitoring in detecting anurans in lotic environments of the Itinguçu State Park. The passive acoustic monitoring period was 72 uninterrupted hours at each collection point with intervals of 45 days. Finally, species richness was calculated, and the efficiency of the methods was compared in different scenarios. Our results demonstrated that the park has species that vocalize day and night, but most at night, there is overlapping acoustic niche; waterfall environments harm the quality of recordings; and in lotic environments the active monitoring method was more efficient than the passive acoustic monitoring in all sampling scales. Although the passive acoustic monitoring was not as efficient in a low temporal scale, it tends to increase in efficiency with longer sampling duration. time Park Specifically surveys Therefore 7 4 days Finally calculated scenarios night niche recordings scales scale duration

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la variación espacio-temporal de los macrocrustáceos de la laguna Morales (LM), Tamaulipas. Se recolectaron muestras en mangle rojo (Rhizophora mangle) y pastos marinos (Halodule wrightii) de 4 sitios y en cada uno se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos. Se identificaron en total 22 especies entre ambas comunidades. La diversidad de especies fue de 18 en pastos marinos mientras que en mangle fue de 17. Las especies más abundantes y comunes fueron los anfípodos Orchestia gammarella, Gammarus mucronatus y el camarón carideo Palaemon pugio. La abundancia de organismos fue mayor en pastos marinos con 1,481 ejemplares a diferencia del manglar con 379. Por temporada, la abundancia fue mayor en secas con 1,395 ejemplares, seguido de lluvias (262) y nortes con 181. Índices de riqueza y diversidad fueron utilizados para evaluar la diversidad y abundancia. Se estimó una curva de acumulación de especies para ambas comunidades resultando una eficiencia de muestreo mayor del 90%. La importancia de este estudio radica en que existen pocos estudios taxonómicos y ecológicos de crustáceos en este sitio, siendo prácticamente nulos aquellos de variación espacio temporal.

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of macrocrustaceans from Morales Lagoon (LM), Tamaulipas. Samples were collected among red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) and seagrass (Halodule wrightii) from 4 sites. In each community physicochemical parameters were determined. A total of 22 species were identified among both communities. The maximum species diversity was 18 for seagrasses while in mangrove it was 17 species. The most abundant and common species were the amphipods Orchestia gammarella, Gammarus mucronatus and the caridean shrimp Palaemon pugio. The abundance of organisms was greater in seagrass with 1,481 while in the mangrove was 379 specimens. The abundance was greater in dry season with 1,395 specimens, followed by rainy season (262) and “nortes” season (181). Richness and diversity indices were used to assess species diversity and abundance. A species accumulation curve was estimated for both communities resulting in a sampling efficiency greater than 90%. The importance of this study lies in the fact that there are few taxonomic and ecological studies of crustaceans in this site, being those which deal with the spatial and temporal variation of taxa practically nonexistant.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of burning on the richness, abundance, and community structure of necrophagous flies in southern Brazil. Flies were collected over a period of seven days in the field, and were subsequently observed for 60 days in the laboratory. There were three bovine liver treatments: unburnt, burnt, and gasoline-treated (control). A total of 2,501 flies, representing 14 families and 41 species, were identified, including Chrysomya albiceps, Fannia subgroup pusio, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, and Fannia femoralis. While the abundance of flies was similar across the three treatments, exhibiting a quadratic distribution, species richness displayed a quadratic trend with a significant temporal shift; peak richness occurred 20 hours earlier in the unburnt liver than in the burnt or the control treatments. Both total abundance and patterns of community composition in our analysis indicated important factors to take into account. Total abundances were similar between the burnt and unburnt treatments, demonstrating a uniform ecological response to burning, irrespective of the condition of the liver. In contrast, the community composition of these treatments showed a significant divergence from the control treatment, which was distinctively dominated by Drosophilidae and Phoridae. These findings are crucial for accurate postmortem Interval (PMI) estimations in forensic entomology, particularly in cases involving burnt remains, and highlight the significant impact of fire on necrophagous fly communities. Brazil field 6 laboratory gasolinetreated gasoline treated control. . (control) 2501 2 501 2,50 1 4 identified albiceps pusio nudiseta femoralis distribution shift account contrast treatment Phoridae PMI (PMI entomology remains communities (control 250 50 2,5 25 5 2,

Abstract Objective: To analyze the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services in an agroecological context. Materials and Methods: Different sources of information (114) were consulted and analyzed, referring to the available literature in the fields of biology, agricultural sciences and agroecology, with the purpose of deepening the state of knowledge related to biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by agroecological systems. Results: This review addresses an updating process constituted by the main efforts in this branch of knowledge and proposes a systematic search of the key topics and approaches that have been developed to understand the services provided by biodiversity as a key principle of agroecology. It also provides a guide for the development of research that allows a comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem services generated by biodiversity management. Analyses of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem services in agroecosystems should be part of comprehensive studies in the agroecological context, so that from science it becomes evident which practices are more effective for the sustainability of productions. Conclusions: Multifunctional, biodiverse ecosystems that implement management practices that optimize land use and efficiently manage ecosystem services should become the paradigm for sustainable agroecosystem management. There is a strong interrelationship between the functioning of biodiversity and the development of ecosystem processes that will subsequently form the basis of production, based on the richness and spatial and temporal variability of species, their performance in the complexity of ecosystems and the maintenance of ecosystem services at different scales.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las relaciones entre la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos en un contexto agroecológico. Materiales y Métodos: Se consultaron y analizaron diferentes fuentes de información (114), referentes a la literatura disponible en los ámbitos de la biología, ciencias agrícolas y agroecología, con el propósito de la profundización en el estado del conocimiento relacionado con la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos que proporcionan los sistemas agroecológicos. Resultados: Esta revisión aborda un proceso de actualización constituido por los principales esfuerzos en esta rama del conocimiento y propone una búsqueda sistemática de los temas y enfoques clave que se han desarrollado para comprender los servicios que proporciona la biodiversidad como principio clave de la agroecología. Además, aporta una guía para el desarrollo de investigaciones que permitan una comprensión integral de los servicios ecosistémicos generados por el manejo de la biodiversidad. Los análisis de la relación entre la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos en los agroecosistemas deben formar parte de los estudios integrales en el contexto agroecológico, de manera que desde la ciencia se evidencie qué prácticas son más efectivas para la sostenibilidad de las producciones. Conclusiones: Los ecosistemas multifuncionales, biodiversos, que implementen prácticas de manejo que optimicen el uso de la tierra y gestionen eficientemente los servicios ecosistémicos, se deben convertir en el paradigma del manejo sostenible de los agroecosistemas. Existe una fuerte interrelación entre el funcionamiento de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo de los procesos ecosistémicos que, posteriormente, serán la base de la producción, fundamentada por la riqueza y variabilidad espacial y temporal de especies, su desempeño en la complejidad de los ecosistemas y el mantenimiento de los servicios ecosistémicos en diferentes escalas.

ABSTRACT Background. The Sontecomapan Lagoon is a protected natural area and is part of the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve on the south coast of the State of Veracruz, with significant fishing productivity and little ecological knowledge about its fish community. Objectives. Analyze space-time variations in diversity, richness, abundance, dominant species, community inhabitants, fish assemblages, and trophic groups. Methods. The fish collections were made between 2014 and 2020, in 10 stations with a trawl net. The sampling effort was validated using non-parametric estimators. Analysis of variance was used to indicate statistically significant differences in community ecological parameters between sites and months. Canonical correspondence analysis (ACC) was performed to determine species-habitat relationships. Results. Fifty species, 35 genera and 23 families were identified, with 2 new records, Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) and Pomadasys ramosus (Poey, 1860) and 2 dominant species, Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier, 1829) and Cathorops aguadulce (Meek, 1904). The diversity values (H´ = 0.84 to 2.07, D = 2.36 to 3.83, J´= 0.26 to 0.64) and abundance (density = 0.009 to 0.035 ind./m2, biomass = 0.105 to 0.044 g/m2, average weight = 5.91 to 16.72 g/ind), are considered low compared to other similar coastal systems. The spatial and temporal fluctuations of these parameters are related to the life cycles of the species present and with the environmental dynamics of the system. The ACC analysis indicated that fish assemblages are determined by changes in salinity, transparency, and depth. Conclusion. The ecological information analyzed represents a broad frame of reference for a little-studied coastal area that requires management and conservation strategies for its biotic resources.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. La Laguna de Sontecomapan es un Área Natural Protegida y forma parte de la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas en la costa sur del Estado de Veracruz, con productividad pesquera y escaso conocimiento ecológico sobre su comunidad de peces. Objetivos. Analizar las variaciones espacio temporales de diversidad, riqueza, abundancia, especies dominantes, componentes comunitarios, conjuntos de peces y grupos tróficos. Métodos. Las recolectas de los peces se realizaron entre 2014 y 2020, en 10 estaciones con una red de arrastre. El esfuerzo de muestreo se validó utilizando estimadores no-paramétricos. Se utilizó análisis de varianza para indicar diferencias estadísticas significativas de los parámetros ecológicos de la comunidad entre sitios y meses. Se realizó análisis de correspondencia canónica (ACC) para determinar las relaciones especie-hábitat. Resultados. Se identificaron 50 especies, 35 géneros y 23 familias, con 2 nuevos registros, Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) y Pomadasys ramosus (Poey, 1860) y 2 especies dominantes, Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier, 1829) y Cathorops aguadulce (Meek, 1904). Los valores de diversidad (H´ = 0.84 a 2.07, D = 2.36 a 3.83, J´= 0.26 a 0.64) y abundancia (densidad = 0.009 a 0.035 ind./m2, biomasa = 0.105 a 0.044 g/m2, peso promedio = 5.91 a 16.72 g/ind), se consideran bajos comparados con otros sistemas similares. Las fluctuaciones espaciales y temporales de estos parámetros tienen relación con los ciclos de vida de las especies presentes y con la dinámica ambiental del sistema. El análisis ACC indicó que los conjuntos de peces están determinados por los cambios de salinidad, transparencia y profundidad. Conclusión. La información ecológica analizada representa un amplio marco de referencia para un área costera poco estudiada que requiere estrategias de manejo y conservación para sus recursos bióticos.

Resumen Introducción: La migración es un fenómeno natural que incluye los movimientos anuales de muchas especies de aves en respuesta a los ciclos estacionales. Con aproximadamente un tercio de todas las especies de aves conocidas, América del Sur tiene una avifauna importante y muchas aves migratorias tienen puntos de parada e invernada en Brasil. Objetivo: Identificar asociaciones entre las aves migratorias y la vegetación costera, y la influencia del medio ambiente en la migración. Métodos: En 10 puntos a lo largo de la costa del Estado de Piauí, Brasil, realizamos censos visuales y capturas con redes de niebla, entre abril 2009 y febrero 2016. Resultados: Identificamos 82 especies de aves migratorias (13 órdenes; 28 familias) que representaron 41 especies migratorias intracontinentales, 26 especies visitantes del norte, 14 especies nómadas y una especie vagante. Los picos de riqueza se dieron al principio y al final de las estaciones seca y lluviosa, coincidiendo con la insolación y la presión atmosférica. Hubo diferencias en el patrón espacial entre los complejos de vegetación. Chrysolampis mosquitus es un indicador de vegetación de caatinga, Numenius phaeopus de humedales, Charadrius collaris de campos que no se inundan, Rostrhamus sociabilis de transición bosque-pastizales y Columbina picui de huertos. A pesar de las diferencias en el número y composición de especies dentro de los tipos de vegetación, el patrón temporal en la riqueza de especies fue similar entre las categorías de campos inundados, campos no inundados y pastizales de transición. Conclusiones: Las aves migratorias ocupan ambientes específicos durante su permanencia a lo largo de la costa del estado de Piauí, con una riqueza acorde con la insolación y la presión atmosférica.

Abstract Introduction: Migration is a natural phenomenon that includes annual movements of many bird species in response to seasonal cycles. With approximately one third of all living bird species, South America has an important avifauna, and many migrants land in Brazil at stopping points and wintering sites. Objective: To identify associations between migrant birds and coastal vegetation, and environmental influence of on migration. Methods: At 10 points along the coast of Piauí State, Brazil, we made visual censuses and mist net captures, between April 2009 and February 2016. Results: We identified 82 migrant bird species (13 orders; 28 families) that represented 41 intracontinental migrating species, 26 northern visiting species, 14 nomad species and one vagrant species. The richness peaks were at the beginning and end of both dry and rainy seasons, matching insolation and atmospheric pressure. There were spatial pattern differences among vegetation complexes. Chrysolampis mosquitus is an indicator of caatinga vegetation, Numenius phaeopus of wetland, Charadrius collaris of non-flooding fields, Rostrhamus sociabilis of forest-grassland transition, and Columbina picui of orchards. Despite differences in number and species composition within vegetation types, the temporal pattern in species richness was similar among flooded fields, non-flooded fields, and transition grassland categories. Conclusions: Migrant birds occupy specific environments during their permanence along the coast of Piauí State, with richness matching insolation and atmospheric pressure.