ABSTRACT Introduction Our society’s characteristics, with their constant evolution and globalization, have shown a significant impact on the way jobs have been structured over the years, with one of the most highlighted aspects being the possibility of practicing telecommuting. The prevalence of telecommuting and other forms of remote work enabled by technological innovations has increased in recent years. Objectives Exploring the most recently published literature on telecommuting; examining its relationship with psychosocial risk factors and making inferences about the need for the implementation and improvement of policies aimed at promoting mental health in occupational settings, with a focus on preventing psychosocial risks. Methodology Integrative literature review using the terms "teleworking," "remote work," "telework," "telecommuting," "psychosocial risks," "mental health," and "occupational health" in both Portuguese and English. The primary databases used for the research included Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional” and “Direção Geral de Saúde”. A total of 24 documents with the highest relevance to the study’s theme were selected, published between 2010 and 2023. Discussion Psychosocial risks in telecommuting are undergoing constant changes and align with demographic, nature, content and organization. These changes may increase exposure to already recognized psychosocial risks or give rise to new emergent ones. The widespread and unexpected adoption of telecommuting due to COVID-19 with the simultaneous advancement of digitization processes have made telecommuting a more common practice. However, this mass adoption has increased instances of technological stress among workers, potentially leading to adverse consequences for mental health. While the widespread implementation of telecommuting aimed to protect workers from biological risks, it has, in various situations, increased social isolation, work-family conflicts, and a lack of social support, with negative consequences for the mental health of the working population. Conclusion The increasing of telecommuting in our society is leading to assess the psychosocial risk factors that arise with it, so that they are recognized by occupational health experts and intervened upon, thus ensuring that telecommuting becomes healthier.

RESUMO Introdução As sociedades atuais e a sua constante evolução e globalização, têm demonstrado um impacto significativo na forma como se estruturam os postos de trabalho ao longo dos anos, nos quais, mais recentemente e com maior tradução mediática, se destaca a possibilidade de praticar teletrabalho, potenciada pela inovação tecnológica. Objetivos Conhecer a literatura mais recentemente publicada acerca do teletrabalho; bem como a sua relação com fatores de risco de origem psicossocial e inferir sobre a necessidade de implementação e aperfeiçoamento de políticas voltadas para promoção da saúde mental em contexto ocupacional, com enfoque na prevenção dos riscos psicossociais. Metodologia Revisão da literatura integrativa com os termos “teleworking”, “remote work”, “telework”, “telecommuting”, “psychosocial risks”, “mental health” e “occupational health”, em português e em inglês. Foram utilizadas como principais bases de dados a Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, bem como a Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional e a Direção Geral de Saúde. Selecionaram-se os 24 documentos com maior relevância na temática em estudo, publicados entre 2010 e 2023. Discussão As fontes de riscos psicossociais do teletrabalho encontram-se em constante mudança e acompanham as alterações demográficas e da organização. A prática de teletrabalho parece ser uma oferta cada vez mais comum, a sua adoção em larga escala e inesperada devido à COVID-19 e coligada ao enorme avanço dos processos de digitalização, aumentaram as situações de stress tecnológico entre os trabalhadores, com possíveis consequências adversas para a saúde mental. Esta massificação do Teletrabalho, embora com o intuito de proteger os trabalhadores relativamente a um risco biológico aumentou, em diversas situações, o isolamento social, os conflitos trabalho-família e a falta de suporte social, com consequências negativas na saúde mental da população ativa. Conclusão Com o aumento deste tipo de trabalho emerge a necessidade de avaliar os fatores de risco psicossociais que surgem em conformidade, para que estes sejam reconhecidos pelos peritos em saúde ocupacional e intervencionados, assegurando assim que o teletrabalho se torna mais saudável.

Abstract Purpose This study analyses workers' perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, identifies factors that influence these perceptions, and verifies workers' intentions to maintain this work arrangement after the pandemic. Theoretical framework By conducting a comprehensive literature review, we identified the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking and selected factors that have a significant influence over it. Design/methodology/approach This is an exploratory and quantitative study, with primary data collection using a survey to identify the context of the teleworking experience and workers' perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages associated with this work arrangement. The sample obtained was 304 individuals. The data collected were processed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Findings The teleworking experience was essentially positive. Most workers intend to maintain this arrangement after the pandemic. The conditions offered by the organizations and the existence of an adequate workspace at home were factors that strongly influenced workers' perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking. Practical & social implications of research Considering workers' perceived benefits and willingness to remain teleworking, organizations should implement and manage teleworking programs with the understanding that organizational factors greatly influence the teleworker's experience and are critical to the success of this practice. Originality/value This study provides additional data concerning the teleworking experience during the Covid-19 pandemic and, to the best of our knowledge, it is one of the first studies to focus on the perception of Portuguese workers regarding the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking and to identify influencing factors. Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 review Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach 30 individuals analysis positive teleworkers teleworker s practice Originalityvalue Originality value knowledge Covid1 1 Covid- 3

ABSTRACT Introduction: The development of more assertive public policies in libraries, in accordance with the dynamics of telecommuting that are being created, is an essential debate in the field of Information Science. Objective: This article discusses the evolution of public educational libraries in telecommuting to serve a community of professionals who work and communicate in a network. Methodology: Methodologically, the research has an exploratory level, a qualitative approach, developed through bibliographical research and elaborated from the data of a doctoral research that uses the action science method. Results: The results highlight the possibility of innovation through remote work in the federal public service, especially with the advent of Decree 11,072, of May 17, 2022; the opportunity to innovate in the public sector with a promising service performed by public educational libraries at federal institutes; and the inseparability between work and research agendas, as well as between social development and digital transformation. Conclusion: It is concluded that the paths for the digital transformation in the world of work can become even more productive, innovative, profitable and sustainable, when the continuous and adequate investment in library infrastructure that fulfills an educational function and is of a public nature is sought; and in policies that ensure the performance of librarians as agents of innovation in federal institutes. Introduction created Science Objective network Methodology Methodologically level approach method Results 11072 11 072 11,072 17 2022 institutes agendas Conclusion productive innovative sustainable sought 1107 1 07 11,07 202 110 0 11,0 20 11, 2

RESUMO Introdução: O desenvolvimento de políticas públicas mais assertivas em bibliotecas, de acordo com as dinâmicas de teletrabalho que estão a se constituir, é um debate imprescindível ao campo da Ciência da Informação. Objetivo: O presente artigo discute a evolução das bibliotecas educativas públicas em espaços de trabalho remoto, para servir a uma comunidade de profissionais que trabalham e se comunicam em rede. Metodologia: Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é de nível exploratório, abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir dos dados de uma pesquisa de doutorado que utiliza o método Ciência-Ação. Resultados: Os resultados destacam a possibilidade de inovação por meio do trabalho remoto no serviço público federal, sobretudo com o advento do Decreto 11.072, de 17 de maio de 2022; a oportunidade de inovar no setor público com um serviço promissor desempenhado pelas bibliotecas educativas públicas em institutos federais; e a indissociabilidade entre agendas de trabalho e de pesquisa, tanto quanto entre o desenvolvimento social e a transformação digital. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os caminhos para a transformação digital no mundo do trabalho podem se tornar ainda mais produtivos, inovadores, rentáveis e sustentáveis, quando se busca o investimento contínuo e adequado em infraestrutura de bibliotecas que cumprem função educativa e são de natureza pública; e em políticas que assegurem a atuação do bibliotecário como agente de inovação em institutos federais. Introdução constituir Informação Objetivo rede Metodologia Metodologicamente exploratório qualitativa bibliográfica CiênciaAção. CiênciaAção Ação. Ação Ciência-Ação Resultados federal 11072 11 072 11.072 1 2022 federais Conclusão Concluise Conclui produtivos inovadores sustentáveis pública 1107 07 11.07 202 110 0 11.0 20 11. 2

Resumen Este estudio analiza el impacto de la pandemia del Covid-19 en la división del trabajo doméstico de mujeres en relaciones de sexo opuesto, teletrabajando y viviendo en pareja, durante el primer encierro en Portugal. Se recogieron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos (N=171) para conocer la percepción de las mujeres sobre el tiempo dedicado al trabajo no remunerado, su satisfacción y las principales dificultades. Los resultados revelaron la insatisfacción de las mujeres, especialmente las madres de hijos menores, que vieron aumentar las tareas de cuidado. La satisfacción de las mujeres también influyó en su percepción de las causas de estas asimetrías de género. Las mujeres menos satisfechas atribuyen las desigualdades de género principalmente a factores socio-normativos y a estereotipos de género, mientras que las mujeres más satisfechas las atribuyen a aspectos de socialización y educación, así como a disposiciones innatas que difieren entre hombres y mujeres. No se observó la tendencia a una mayor igualdad encontrada antes de Covid-19.

Abstract This study analyses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the division of domestic work as regards women in opposite-gender relationships, telecommuting and living as a couple, during the first lockdown in Portugal. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected (N=171) to understand women's perceptions of time spent on unpaid work, satisfaction, and main difficulties in this period. Results revealed women's dissatisfaction, especially mothers of underage children, who perceived an increase in caregiving tasks. Women's satisfaction also impacted their perception of the causes for these gender asymmetries. The less satisfied women ascribe gender inequalities mainly to socio-normative factors and gender stereotypes, while the more satisfied women ascribe them to aspects of socialisation and upbringing, as well as innate dispositions that differ between men and women. The trend towards more equality found prior to Covid-19 was not found.

Resumo Este estudo analisa o impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 na divisão do trabalho doméstico de mulheres em relações com o sexo oposto, em teletrabalho e a viver em casal, durante o primeiro confinamento em Portugal. Recolheram-se dados quantitativos e qualitativos (N=171) para compreender as perceções das mulheres sobre o tempo gasto em trabalho não remunerado, a satisfação e as principais dificuldades. Os resultados revelaram a insatisfação das mulheres, especialmente mães de crianças menores, que viram aumentar as tarefas de prestação de cuidados. A satisfação das mulheres também mostrou diferenças na perceção das causas destas assimetrias de género. As mulheres menos satisfeitas atribuem as desigualdades de género principalmente a fatores socionormativos e estereótipos de género, enquanto as mulheres mais satisfeitas as atribuem a aspetos de socialização e educação, bem como a disposições inatas que diferem entre homens e mulheres. A tendência de maior igualdade encontrada antes da Covid-19 não foi observada.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This review identifies and describes remote work’s main outcomes and complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out that included observational studies whose population or partly carried out remote work published between March 1, 2020 and November 30, 2020. The descriptors were adapted to the bases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Scopus, and Psycinfo. 139 studies were found, and 15 articles were included in this synthesis. Results: A total 18,818 workers were reported, of which women represented 18.2%-100% of the population. The findings describe the increased use of electronic devices, sedentary lifestyle, anxiety, depression, feelings of loneliness, sleep disorders, and musculoskeletal pain in remote workers. Conclusions: Therefore, it is necessary to provide assistance and education to the remote worker to improve their conditions, reduce the associated complications and positively impact their lifestyle.

RESUMEN Introducción: Esta revisión Identifica y describe los principales desenlaces y complicaciones asociadas al trabajo remoto durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura que incluyó estudios observacionales cuya población o parte realice trabajo remoto, publicados entre el 1° marzo de 2020 al 30 de noviembre de 2020. Se adapto los descriptores a las bases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Scopus y Psycinfo. Resultados: Se hallaron 139 estudios y se incluyeron 15 artículos en esta síntesis. Se reportó 18 818 trabajadores de los cuales las mujeres representaron entre el 18.2%-100% de la población. Los hallazgos describen el incremento del uso de dispositivos electrónicos, sedentarismo, ansiedad, depresión, sensación de soledad, trastornos del sueño y dolor musculoesquelético en los trabajadores remoto. Conclusión: Por lo que es preciso brindar asistencia y educación al trabajador remoto a fin de mejorar sus condiciones, disminuir las complicaciones asociadas e impactar positivamente en su estilo de vida.

Abstract This quantitative and descriptive research work describes the process and methodology used to design a scale that seeks to measure the anxiety generated in people that work at home, from different points of view, due to the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) that has arisen in Worldwide. A questionnaire with 31 items was used that was applied online in the period from April 20th to 25th, 2020, obtaining 405 responses, of which 75.6% have more than 4 weeks in lockdown, finally the statistical results show that the measuring instrument is valid and reliable.

Resumen El presente trabajo de investigación cuantitativa y descriptiva describe el proceso y la metodología utilizados para el diseño de una escala que busca medir la ansiedad generada en las personas que realizan trabajo en casa, desde diversos puntos de vista, debido al brote del coronavirus (COVID-19) que ha surgido a nivel mundial, se utilizó un cuestionario con 31 reactivos que fue aplicado en línea en el período del 20 al 25 de abril de 2020, obteniendo 405 respuestas, de los cuales el 75.6% tienen más de 4 semanas en confinamiento, finalmente los resultados estadísticos muestran que el instrumento de medición es válido y confiable.

ABSTRACT The general objective of the work was to determine the existence of a relationship between the variables labor productivity and telecommuting in the public sector during the national emergency period. From the methodological point of view, the study was of an applied type, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, according to its scope it was correlational and according to how the data were observed, it was cross-sectional. The population consisted of 960 workers from a public organization in Metropolitan Lima, in addition, a probabilistic sampling was carried out, which resulted in the selection of 130 workers from the population. The technique used was the survey and the questionnaire was used as an instrument, which was configured with 20 propositions related to the variables labor productivity and teleworking, as well as their dimensions, each question had 5 response alternatives according to a Likert scale. The descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, through the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies for each variable and dimension. On the other hand, the normality of the data was evaluated through the Kolmogórov-Smirnov test, and then the inferential analysis was carried out using the Spearman's Rho statistic, which allowed calculating the respective correlations between the variables and dimensions. Finally, the results were discussed and then conclusions were drawn.

RESUMEN El objetivo general del trabajo fue determinar la existencia de relacin entre las variables productividad laboral y teletrabajo en el sector público durante el período de emergencia nacional. Desde el ámbito metodológico, el estudio fue de tipo aplicado, con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de acuerdo a su alcance fue correlacional y según como se observaron los datos fue transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 960 trabajadores de un organismo público de Lima Metropolitana, además se realizó un muestreo probabilístico el cual dio como resultado la escogencia de 130 trabajadores de la población. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta y como instrumento se utilizó el cuestionario, que se configuró con 20 proposiciones relacionadas a las variables productividad laboral y teletrabajo, así como a sus dimensiones, cada pregunta tuvo 5 alternativas de respuesta según una escala Likert. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de los datos, a través del cálculo de frecuencias absolutas y relativas para cada variable y dimensión. Por otra parte, se evaluó la normalidad de los datos a través de la prueba Kolmogórov-Smirnov, para luego realizar el análisis inferencial mediante el estadístico Rho de Spearman, que permitió calcular las correlaciones respectivas entre las variables y dimensiones. Por último, se discutieron los resultados y posteriormente se elaboraron las conclusiones.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide information to determine that telecommuting in Ecuador can be used as a measure of sustainable transport. Briefly, sustainable development is described, and certain definitions and approaches related to sustainable transport are covered, for instance, the Avoid-Shift-Improve (ASI) approach, as well as the Transport Demand Management (TDM), which serve to validate from a conceptual point of view the application and usefulness of telecommuting. An overview of the current situation in the transport sector in Ecuador is analyzed; the final energy demand; the environmental aspects related to transport, and the amount of public and private employees that are telecommuting. Taking into consideration some hypothesis, such as car ownership rate, the total amount of kilometers driven per year, the assumption of the distance travelled by employees who take public transportation; the assumptions helped to determine the savings that can be obtained through telecommuting in the present time. Therefore, these results would provide adequate information for decision makers to establish a conclusive pronouncement on whether or not support telecommuting as a valid working approach, and to develop the necessary policies to maintain it over time.

Resumen El propósito de este artículo es proporcionar información para determinar que el teletrabajo en Ecuador puede utilizarse como una medida de transporte sostenible. Brevemente, se describe el desarrollo sostenible y se cubren determinadas definiciones y enfoques relacionados con el transporte sostenible, como el enfoque Evitar-Cambiar-Mejorar (ASI), así como también la Gestión de la Demanda del Transporte (TDM), las mismas que sirven para validar desde un punto de vista conceptual la aplicación y utilidad de teletrabajo. Se analiza la situación actual del sector transporte en Ecuador; la demanda energética final; los aspectos ambientales relacionados con el transporte y la cantidad de empleados públicos y privados que realizan teletrabajo. Teniendo en cuenta algunas hipótesis como la tasa de propiedad de automóviles, la cantidad total de kilómetros recorridos por año y la suposición de la distancia recorrida por los empleados que toman el transporte público; estas suposiciones ayudaron a determinar los ahorros que pueden obtenerse a través del teletrabajo en la actualidad. Por lo tanto, estos resultados proporcionarían información adecuada para que quienes tomen las decisiones realicen un pronunciamiento concluyente sobre si apoyar o no el teletrabajo como un enfoque válido para laborar y desarrollar las políticas necesarias para mantenerlo en el tiempo.

Resumo: Introdução Desde o primeiro caso de Sars-Cov-2 reportado, os estudos realizados, indicam o impacto negativo na saúde mental, com níveis elevados de medo, ansiedade e sintomas depressivos. Em Portugal, a percentagem de morbilidade mental é elevada. Ter baixo rendimento económico, ser jovens e mulher aumenta o risco de vulnerabilidade psicossocial. Poucos estudos focam as vivências subjetivas e os processos de adaptação em diferentes fases da pandemia; Objetivos Aceder ao impacto psicológico do confinamento devido à COVID-19 e processo de adaptação na I e III Fases da pandemia (Abril/2020- Janeiro/2021) mediante a realização online de entrevistas semiestruturadas; Métodos As entrevistas de dez portugueses em teletrabalho foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas recorrendo à metodologia IPA e análise Lexical com Alceste®, permitindo cruzar os resultados atestando a validade das temáticas consensuais; Resultados As classes da análise lexical comprovam os temas emergentes da IPA. Os participantes em teletrabalho, experienciam impacto laboral, familiar e social, sentimentos negativos e dificuldades no equilíbrio trabalho- vida/família, adotando estratégias de adaptação psicológica eficazes desde o início da pandemia. No segundo confinamento, relevam menor ansiedade, mas maior desgaste, frustração, adaptando as estratégias de autorregulação ao longo do tempo; Conclusões Ao identificarem as dificuldades e impacto negativo do confinamento, os participantes adotaram intuitivamente estratégias adaptativas de autorregulação cognitiva, comportamental e emocional diferentes ao longo do tempo, em prol da sua saúde mental e bem-estar. Apresentamos um modelo da evolução do impacto psicológico e processo de adaptação em dois confinamentos, possivelmente relevante no delineamento de medidas mais humanizadas e programas de prevenção/intervenção psicológica de proximidade.

Abstract: Introduction Since the first reported case of Sars-Cov-2, studies show the negative impact on mental health, with high levels of fear, anxiety and depressive symptoms. In Portugal, the percentage of mental morbidity is high. Having low income, being young and female increases the risk of psychosocial vulnerability. Few studies address the subjective experience and adaptation processes in different pandemic stages; Objectives To access the psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdown and adaptation process in Phases I and III of the pandemic (April/2020-January/2021) by conducting online semi-structured interviews; Methods Interviews of ten Portuguese teleworkers were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the IPA methodology and Lexical Analysis with Alceste®, allowing to compare findings attesting the validity of the consensual themes; Results The classes of lexical analysis corroborate the IPA’s emerging themes. In telecommuting, participants experience work, family and social impact, negative feelings, and difficulties in work-life balance, adopting, efficient coping strategies since the beginning of the pandemic. In the second lockdown, participants show less anxiety, but more stress, frustration, adapting self-regulation strategies over time; Conclusions By identifying the difficulties and negative impact of the lockdown, participants intuitively coped by adopting different adaptive cognitive, behavioral and emotional self-regulation strategies over time for their mental health and well-being. We present a model for the evolution of psychological impact and adaptation processes in two lockdowns, which may help to design more humanistic measures and outreach psychological prevention/intervention programs.

Abstract: The relationship between work and personal life has become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic: paid work, domestic work, care work, personal and family life coexist in the same space and time. Work flooded home spaces and telecommuting was relocated to the center of the domestic realm. This qualitative research analyzes the experience of female academics working remotely during the pandemic in Chile. Through photo-elucidated interviews with a sample of 15 academics from universities from the north, center and south of Chile, the article addresses university-institutionalized gender neutrality as a structure that deepens inequalities and excludes academic women with caretaking responsibilities. The results show an intensification and extension of the online workday, an overload of reproductive work, simultaneity of tasks, emotional vulnerability and isolation. Yet, for some academics, remote work has also meant greater concentration and work flexibility. The various conditions profoundly affect the remote work experience and personal well-being of female academics, as well as their possibilities for knowledge production and scientific productivity. Given the diversity of realities for remote work during the health crisis, university policies on remote work with a gender perspective are urgently required.

Resumen: La relación entre vida personal y trabajo se ha hecho evidente durante la pandemia del COVID-19: trabajo remunerado, trabajo doméstico, cuidados, vida personal y familiar coexisten en el mismo espacio y tiempo. El trabajo inundó los espacios del hogar y reubicó al teletrabajo en el centro del mundo de lo doméstico. Esta investigación cualitativa analiza la experiencia de teletrabajo bajo pandemia para académicas en Chile. A través de entrevistas foto-provocadas a una muestra de 15 académicas de universidades del norte, centro y sur de Chile, el artículo aborda la neutralidad institucional universitaria respecto al género como una estructura que profundiza desigualdades y excluye a académicas con responsabilidades de cuidado. Los resultados muestran una intensificación y extensión de la jornada online, una sobrecarga de trabajo reproductivo, simultaneidad de tareas, vulnerabilidad emocional y soledad, aunque para algunas académicas el trabajo a distancia también ha significado mayor concentración y flexibilidad laboral. Las variadas condiciones afectan profundamente la experiencia de teletrabajo, el bienestar y las posibilidades de generación de conocimiento y productividad científica. Ante la diversidad de realidades en relación al teletrabajo durante la crisis sanitaria, se plantea la necesidad urgente de políticas institucionales con perspectiva de género.

Resumo: A relação entre vida pessoal e trabalho tornou-se evidente durante a pandemia COVID-19: trabalho remunerado, trabalho doméstico, cuidado, vida pessoal e familiar coexistem no mesmo espaço e tempo. O trabalho inundou os espaços da casa e deslocou o teletrabalho para o centro do mundo doméstico. Esta pesquisa qualitativa analisa a experiência do teletrabalho sob uma pandemia para acadêmicas no Chile. Por meio de entrevistas foto-provocadas com uma amostra de 15 acadêmicas de universidades do norte, centro e sul do Chile, o artigo aborda a neutralidade institucional universitária em relação ao gênero como uma estrutura que aprofunda as desigualdades e exclui acadêmicas com responsabilidades no trabalho de cuidado. Os resultados mostram uma intensificação e extensão da jornada de trabalho on line, uma sobrecarga de trabalho reprodutivo, tarefas simultâneas, vulnerabilidade emocional e solidão, embora para alguns acadêmicas o trabalho a distância também tenha significado maior concentração e flexibilidade. As diversas condições afetam profundamente a experiência do teletrabalho, o bem-estar e as possibilidades de geração de conhecimento e produtividade científica. Dada a diversidade de realidades em relação ao teletrabalho durante a crise sanitaria, é urgente a necessidade de políticas institucionais com perspectiva de gênero.

Resumen En este artículo se presenta una propuesta de especificación de mejora en el proceso software para contextos de teletrabajo basada en el framework Personal Software Process (PSP) del Software Engineering Institute (SEI). La propuesta describe una especificación de un proceso software, para que los desarrolladores que inician su trabajo en la modalidad de teletrabajo, y que no tengan este proceso definido, mejoren la forma de realizar los desarrollos. Tradicionalmente, un profesional de software, al incursionarse en el modo del teletrabajo, está ausente de un entorno laboral usual y se somete a sus propias maneras de llevar a cabo un desarrollo, por lo cual, se puede presentar que el profesional no tenga un proceso específico para desarrollar software o que no conozca alguno en particular. La propuesta en este artículo se enfoca en brindar una mejora para que pueda tener un proceso software base por el cual pueda abordar los retos particulares del teletrabajo.

Abstract This article presents a proposal for improving the software process in telecommuting contexts based on the Personal Software Process (PSP) framework of the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). The proposal describes a specification of a software process for those developers who will begin their work on a telecommuting approach and doesn’t have this process defined so they can improve the development of their projects. Traditionally, a software professional is absent of a usual work ambiance and is subjected to his ways of going through development, it is possible that he or she doesn’t have a specific process for software developing or that he or she doesn’t know of one in particular. This article suggestion is focused on giving an improvement based on software processes that allows the developer the engagement of the particular challenges of telecommuting.

Resumo Neste artigo, é apresentada uma proposta de especificação de melhora no processo software para contextos de teletrabalho (ou home office) baseada no framework Personal Software Process (PSP) do Software Engineering Institute (SEI). A proposta descreve uma especificação de um processo software, para que os desenvolvedores que começam seu trabalho na modalidade de teletrabalho e que não tenham esse processo definido, melhorem a forma de realizar os projetos. Tradicionalmente, um profissional de software, ao entrar na modalidade de teletrabalho, está ausente de um contexto profissional usual e submete-se a suas próprias maneiras de realizar um desenvolvimento; portanto, pode ocorrer que ele não tenha um processo específico para desenvolver software ou que não conheça algum em particular. A proposta deste artigo está focada em oferecer uma melhora para que possa ter um processo software base pelo qual aborde os desafios particulares do teletrabalho.

Abstract: The present research seeks to show the treatment of Tele-work in Peru, a form of provision of services for the public and private sectors, in which Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are applied, and its regulation constitutes a contribution to the citizenship, particularly for those who cannot physically move to a workplace, and for the development of teleworkers. Likewise, Tele-work is linked to the public policy of Electronic Government, transversal to all the state policies and constitutes a tool that promotes the protection of human rights and the development of the country by generating employment, optimizing productivity and improving the quality of life of their citizens.

Resumen: La presente investigación busca dar a conocer el tratamiento del Teletrabajo en el Perú, modalidad de prestación de servicios para losámbitos público y privado, en la que se aplica las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TICs), constituyendo su regulación un aporte para la ciudadanía, particularmente para quienes no pueden desplazarse físicamente a un centro de trabajo, y para el desarrollo de los teletrabajadores. Asimismo, el Teletrabajo se vincula con la política pública de Gobierno Electrónico, transversal a todas las políticas estatales y constituye una herramienta que promueve la protección de los derechos humanos y el desarrollo del país al generar empleo, optimizando la productividad y mejorando la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos.

BACKGROUND: Expressions such as 'there are not enough hours in the day' and 'the 25 h workday' or cliché statements such as 'working 24/7' have become common overtones in the way employees feel about time at work. Because of this 'lack of time' feeling, alternative work arrangements such as flexitime, telecommuting and practices such as work-life balance have emerged as popular topics for researchers, employees, organisations and the like in the past few decades. SETTING: Women are still the main caregivers of family members and households, and compared to men, they are less likely to be granted flexitime by their employers. It therefore seems realistic to imagine that women would suffer more from work-life conflict. Women still earn, on average, less than men and are more likely to have part-time jobs. This has an impact on the financial well-being of women. These issues have yet to be investigated in an institution of higher learning in South Africa. AIM: This study was aimed at determining: (1) the relationship between flexi work, financial well-being and work-life balance, productivity and job satisfaction, (2) the role of flexible work, financial well-being and work-life balance in productivity and job satisfaction, and (3) the mediating effect of productivity (job satisfaction in the alternative model) in the relationship between flexible work, financial well-being and work-life balance and job satisfaction (productivity in the alternative model. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was used with a convenience sample (n = 252) of female support employees, employed in a higher education institution in the North West province of South Africa RESULTS: Findings of the study indicated a statistically significant relationship between the variables. Results indicated that financial well-being, work-life balance and productivity were statistically significant predictors of job satisfaction, and in addition, subjective experiences of productivity serve as partial mediators in the relationship between financial well-being and work-life balance on the one hand, and job satisfaction on the other hand. CONCLUSION: It seems like financial well-being and work-life balance play a more important role in job satisfaction and that financial well-being and work-life balance are more important for job satisfaction through subjective experiences of productivity. It would therefore make sense to increase experiences of financial well-being and work-life balance to address experiences of low levels of job satisfaction and subjective experiences of productivity.

Resumen Este artículo pretende aportar al conocimiento del teletrabajo para el caso argentino, prestando especial atención a la perspectiva de una multiplicidad de actores que tienen intereses distintos sobre él, incluso contrapuestos si se toma en consideración la dicotomía capital-trabajo. Con base en una metodología cualitativa se elaboró, por un lado, un análisis de fuentes para dar cuenta de 10 que algunos actores específicos de la órbita estatal y de los medios masivos de comunicación sostienen sobre esta modalidad laboral. Por otro lado, se efectuaron once entrevistas en profundidad a teletrabajadores del Area Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA) entre el 2013 y el 2017. A partir del cruce de estas dos fuentes de información, se cotejaron discursos muy distintos que abren un serio interrogante sobre el optimismo con que la mayoría de las veces se considera a esta nueva modalidad laboral. Para aportar al conocimiento del teletrabajo, se muestra la manera como este es comprendido por el Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social (MTEYSS) de Argentina a través del Programa de Promoción del Empleo en Teletrabajo (PROPET) y por algunos periódicos de circulación nacional como Clarín y La Nación, Este ejercicio evidencia que una mirada demasiado optimista aglutina sus puntos de vista. Flexibilidad, libertad, creatividad, horizontalidad son algunas de las características que, desde su perspectiva, constituye la realidad laboral de los teletrabajadores. Sin embargo, a partir de las entrevistas se encontró que existe una gran brecha entre lo que los actores mencionados afirman sobre el teletrabajo y 10 que ocurre en el día a día laboral de los teletrabajadores. Pues estos reconocen algunos beneficios de esta modalidad laboral pero también muchos perjuicios: falta de referentes jerárquicos claros a quiénes dirigirse, objetivos de trabajo difusos, separaciones difíciles entre el ámbito laboral y el hogar son algunos de los más evidentes. Es necesario recalcar que este texto constituye una primera indagación exploratoria realizada con un grupo de entrevistas reducido, razón por la cual las conclusiones son de índole muy preliminar.

Abstract The article contributes to the knowledge regarding telecommuting in the case of Argentina by paying special attention to the perspectives of a multiplicity of actors whose interests in the matter are different and even contradictory if one bears in mind the capital-labor dichotomy. Using a qualitative methodology, an analysis of sources was carried out in order to examine what some specific government and mass media actors have to say about this work modality. Furthermore, eleven in-depth interviews with telecommuters were carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA, according to its acronym in Spanish) between 2013 and 2017. The comparison between these two sources of information revealed very different discourses, a fact that raises serious questions regarding the optimism with which this new labor modality tends to be considered most of the time. In order to contribute the knowledge regarding telecommuting, the article shows how this concept is understood by the Ministry of Labor, Employment, and Social Security (MTEYSS) of Argentina through its Program for the Promotion of Employment in Telecommuting (PROPET), as well as by certain national newspapers like Clarín and La Nación. This exercise makes evident that the latter share an excessively optimistic outlook. Flexibility, freedom, creativity, and horizontality are some of the features that, in their view, characterize the work reality of telecommuters. However, the interviews showed that there is a great gap between what the abovementioned actors say about telecommuting and what happens in the day to day work of telecommuters. Although the latter recognize some of the advantages of this work modality, they also point out many negative aspects: the lack of clear hierarchical referents to whom they can address their concerns; unclear work objectives; and difficult-to-establish boundaries between the work environment and the home are some of the most evident ones. It is necessary to emphasize that this text is an initial exploratory inquiry, based on a small number of interviews, for which reason its conclusions are preliminary.

Resumo Este artigo pretende contribuir para o conhecimento do trabalho remoto (home office) para o caso argentino, enfatizando a perspectiva de uma multiplicidade de atores que têm interesses diferenciados sobre ele, inclusive contrapostos se for considerada a dicotomia capital-trabalho. Com base numa metodologia qualitativa, foi elaborada, por um lado, uma análise de fontes para mostrar o que alguns atores específicos do âmbito estatal e dos meios massivos de comunicação sustentam sobre essa modalidade de trabalho. Por outro lado, foram realizadas 11 entrevistas em profundidade com teletrabalhadores da Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (Amba) entre 2013 e 2017. A partir do cruzamento dessas duas fontes de informação, foram comparados discursos muito diferentes que abrem uma série questão sobre o otimismo com o qual se considera essa nova modalidade de trabalho na maioria das vezes. Para contribuir para o conhecimento do trabalho remoto, mostra-se a maneira como este é compreendido pelo Ministério do Trabalho, Emprego e Seguridade Social (MTEYSS) da Argentina por meio do Programa de Promoção do Emprego no Trabalho Remoto (Propet) e por alguns jornais de circulação nacional como Clarín e La Nación. Esse exercício evidencia que um olhar muito otimista aglutina seus pontos de vista. Flexibilidade, liberdade, criatividade, horizontalidade são algumas das características que, sob sua perspectiva, constituem a realidade organizacional dos teletrabalhadores. Contudo, a partir das entrevistas, constatou-se que existe uma grande brecha entre o que os atores mencionados afirmam sobre o trabalho remoto e o que ocorre no seu dia a dia organizacional. Eles reconhecem alguns benefícios dessa modalidade, mas também muitos prejuízos: falta de referentes hierárquicos claros a quem se dirigir, objetivos de trabalhos confusos, separações difíceis entre o âmbito organizacional e o lar são alguns dos mais evidentes. Ε necessário destacar que este texto constitui uma primeira indagação exploratória realizada com um grupo de entrevistas reduzido, razão pela qual as conclusões são de índole preliminar.

Resumen El objetivo principal de este trabajo es determinar la repercusión socioe conómica y jurídica del teletrabajo en Barranquilla durante el período 2014 2015. La metodología es descriptiva y el método cualitativo-cuantitativo, y se inscribe en el paradigma empírico/analítico. La población está conformada por los teletrabajadores y su contratación en los Call Centers y en los Café Internet. Como conclusión se establece que el teletrabajo es una forma de organización laboral, que consiste en el desempeño de actividades remuneradas o prestación de servicios a terceros utilizando como soporte las Tecnologías de la Informa ción y la Comunicación - TIC, pero que aún presenta varias falencias ya que requiere la implementación y el seguimiento a las estrategias de la modalidad por parte del Estado, las cuales deben garantizar la protección social a los te letrabajadores informales, capacitación a los adultos premayores, que apunten hacia lograr su mejor inserción laboral en el sector de servicios y divulgar los derechos y las condiciones de trabajo dignas en que deben laborar los vincula dos a la modalidad del teletrabajo.

Abstract This paperaims to determine the socio-economic and legal impact on te lework in Barranquilla from 2014-2015, since telecommuting with the help of advances in telecommunications, resulted in the transformation of a ci vilization based on technological growth and advances. A descriptive and qualitative-quantitative methodology is used and forms part of the empirical/ analytical paradigm. Teleworkers’ population and their employment in Call Centers and Internet Cafe are sampled. In conclusion, teleworking is a form of organized labor consisting of the performance of remunerated activities or services to third parties using Information and Communications Technology as a support -ICT, but it still has several shortcomings which is why telecommu ting requires implementation and monitoring strategies modality by the State. This implementation must guarantee social protection to informal teleworkers, training for elderly people, in order to have better employability in the service sector and disseminate rights and decent working conditions for telecommu ting workers.