ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the predictive validity and cut-off point of heart rate and blood pressure on heart rate variability (HRV) changes in children with and without obesity. Methods: This study included 125 children, of whom 41 were normal weight and 84 were obese. Anthropometry, blood pressure, heart rate, and HRV were measured using an electronic scale and stadiometer, a sphygmomanometer, and HRV monitor. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained by statistical analysis of the data. Results: Heart rate proved to be a good predictor for changes in the square root of the mean of the square of the differences between consecutive NN intervals (RMSSD) parameter in students of both sexes for the normal-weight group (ROC 0.89; 95%CI 0.77–1.00) and obesity (ROC 0.90; 95%CI 0.83–0.97). In addition, the heart rate cut-off point for alterations in the RMSSD parameter for normal-weight boys was 93 bpm (sensitivity 100.00% and specificity 87.50%) and for boys with obesity, the established cut-off point was 91 bpm (sensitivity 94.74% and specificity 63.64%). Heart rate also proved to be a good predictor considering low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) and standard deviation of long-term continuous NN intervals /standard deviation of the instantaneous variability of continuous NN intervals in the Poincaré graph ratio (SD2/SD1). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were good predictors in more specific stratifications and, therefore, can be used in some cases. Conclusions: The predictive validity of heart rate was shown to be at a good level, with high sensitivity and acceptable specificity for the cut-off points according to the different analyses stratified by gender and nutritional status. In this sense, health professionals will be able to use heart rate to estimate cardiovascular risk in children of different sexes and nutritional status. Objective cutoff cut off (HRV Methods 12 4 8 obese Anthropometry stadiometer sphygmomanometer monitor addition ROC data Results (RMSSD normalweight 0.89 089 0 89 95CI CI 95 0.77–1.00 077100 77 1 00 0.90 090 90 0.83–0.97. 083097 0.83–0.97 . 83 97 0.83–0.97) 9 10000 100 100.00 87.50% 8750 87 50 9474 94 74 94.74 63.64%. 6364 63.64% 63 64 63.64%) lowfrequency/highfrequency lowfrequencyhighfrequency low frequency/high frequency LF/HF LFHF LF HF (LF/HF longterm long term SD2/SD1. SD2SD1 SDSD SD2/SD1 SD2 SD1 SD (SD2/SD1) therefore cases Conclusions level status sense 0.8 08 0.77–1.0 07710 7 0.9 09 08309 0.83–0.9 1000 10 100.0 87.50 875 5 947 94.7 636 63.64 6 lowfrequency highfrequency frequencyhigh SD2SD SD2/SD (SD2/SD1 0. 0.77–1. 0771 0830 0.83–0. 100. 87.5 94. 63.6 (SD2/SD 0.77–1 077 083 0.83–0 87. 63. 0.77– 07 0.83– 0.77 0.83 0.7

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a validade preditiva e o ponto de corte da frequência cardíaca e da pressão arterial nas alterações da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em crianças com e sem obesidade. Métodos: Foram incluídas 125 crianças neste estudo, sendo 41 com peso normal e 84 com obesidade. Antropometria, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e VFC foram medidas por meio de balança eletrônica e estadiômetro, esfigmomanômetro e monitor de VFC. Além disso, a curva característica de operação do receptor (ROC) foi obtida pela análise estatística dos dados. Resultados: A frequência cardíaca mostrou-se um bom preditor de alterações no parâmetro de raiz quadrada da média do quadrado das diferenças entre os intervalos NN consecutivos (RMSSD) em escolares de ambos os sexos para o grupo de peso normal (ROC 0,89; IC95% 0,77–1,00) e obesidade (ROC 0,90; IC95% 0,83–0,97). Além disso, o ponto de corte da frequência cardíaca para alterações no parâmetro RMSSD para meninos com peso normal foi de 93 bpm (sensibilidade 100,00% e especificidade 87,50%), e para meninos com obesidade, o ponto de corte estabelecido foi de 91 bpm (sensibilidade 94,74% e especificidade 63,64%). A frequência cardíaca também se mostrou um bom preditor considerando os índices da relação baixa frequência/alta frequência (LF/HF) e razão desvio padrão de intervalos NN contínuos de longo prazo/desvio padrão da variabilidade instantânea de intervalos NN contínuos na relação gráfica de Poincaré (SD2/SD1). As pressões arteriais sistólicas e diastólicas foram bons preditores em estratificações mais específicas e, portanto, podem ser utilizadas em alguns casos. Conclusões: A validade preditiva da frequência cardíaca mostrou-se em bom nível, com alta sensibilidade e especificidade aceitável para os pontos de corte, conforme as diferentes análises estratificadas por sexo e estado nutricional. Desta forma, os profissionais de saúde poderão utilizar a frequência cardíaca para estimar o risco cardiovascular em crianças de diferentes sexos e estado nutricional. Objetivo (VFC Métodos 12 estudo 4 8 Antropometria estadiômetro disso ROC dados Resultados mostrouse (RMSSD 0,89 089 0 89 IC95 IC 0,77–1,00 077100 77 1 00 0,90 090 90 0,83–0,97. 083097 0,83–0,97 . 83 97 0,83–0,97) 9 10000 100 100,00 87,50%, 8750 87,50% , 87 50 87,50%) 9474 94 74 94,74 63,64%. 6364 63,64% 63 64 63,64%) frequênciaalta LF/HF LFHF LF HF (LF/HF prazodesvio prazo SD2/SD1. SD2SD1 SDSD SD2/SD1 SD2 SD1 SD (SD2/SD1) portanto casos Conclusões nível nutricional forma 0,8 08 IC9 0,77–1,0 07710 7 0,9 09 08309 0,83–0,9 1000 10 100,0 875 87,50 5 947 94,7 636 63,64 6 SD2SD SD2/SD (SD2/SD1 0, 0,77–1, 0771 0830 0,83–0, 100, 87,5 94, 63,6 (SD2/SD 0,77–1 077 083 0,83–0 87, 63, 0,77– 07 0,83– 0,77 0,83 0,7

Abstract Introduction. Livestock farming with Creole cattle is practiced in rural areas with challenging characteristics for species management. Objective. To describe the production system and the socio-cultural and technical-economic factors affecting the production of Nunkiní Creole cattle (Bos taurus). Materials and methods. The study was conducted from November 2020 to October 2021 in nine livestock production units of Nunkiní, Calkiní municipality, Campeche, Mexico. Information was obtained from an interview form with social, cultural, technical, and economic study variables, applied to selected producers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results. Livestock farming was carried out by men (100 %), with an average age of 58.44 years. The average years of experience were 34.61. Younger producers had higher levels of education and less experience, and were responsible for the production units of higher technological levels. The size of the livestock production unit ranged from five to twenty-two cattle (average of 14). Feeding management followed a transhumance scheme, with cattle being free-ranging on ejido lands and from May to December and semi-stabled from January to April, grazing on cultivated pastures and supplemented with agricultural residues. With the zootechnical management implemented by the producers, an average pregnancy rate of 83 % was achieved. The main product marketed was fresh meat in cuts and direct sale to consumers, with an average price of 2.675 USD$/kg. Conclusion. It is traditional extensive system that takes advantage of the common use of grasslands. It involves experienced but older producers, with small investments, and serves to strengthen their family economy. This activity is threatened by the lack of revaluation of Creole cattle and the introduction of exotic breeds in the area to maximize production.

Resumen Introducción. La ganadería con bovinos criollos se práctica en espacios rurales con características difíciles para el manejo de las especies. Objetivo. Describir el sistema productivo y los factores socioculturales y técnico-económicos que afectan la producción del bovino criollo de Nunkiní (Bos taurus). Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre noviembre del 2020 a octubre del 2021, en nueve unidades de producción pecuarias de Nunkiní en el municipio de Calkiní, Campeche, México. La información se obtuvo de una cédula de entrevista con variables de estudio sociales, culturales, técnicas y económicas, aplicada a productores seleccionados. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y ANDEVA. Resultados. La crianza del ganado la realizaron hombres (100 %), con edad promedio de 58,44 años. Los años de experiencia promedio fueron de 34, 61. Los productores jóvenes tuvieron mayor escolaridad y menor experiencia, y se encargaron de las unidades de producción de mayor nivel tecnológico. El tamaño de la unidad de producción pecuaria varió de cinco a veintidós bovinos (media de 14). El manejo alimenticio tuvo un esquema de trashumancia, donde de mayo a diciembre estuvieron libres en tierras ejidales y de enero a abril se manejaron semiestabulados, con pastoreo en potreros cultivados y suplementados con residuos agrícolas. Con el manejo zootécnico implementado por los productores, se obtuvo un promedio de 83 % de preñez. El producto principal comercializado fue carne fresca en cortes y venta directa al consumidor, con un precio promedio de 2,675 USD$/kg. Conclusión. Es un sistema tradicional extensivo que aprovecha el uso común de los agostaderos. Con productores de experiencia, pero de edad avanzada, de pequeña inversión y le sirve para fortalecer su economía familiar. Dicha actividad se ve amenazada por la falta de revalorización del bovino criollo y la introducción de razas exóticas en la zona para maximizar la producción.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales en Mesoamérica son adaptaciones ancestrales a los diversos y complejos ambientes. La tezcalera representa uno de ellos. Preguntas: ¿En qué contexto ambiental se desarrolla la tezcalera? ¿Cuáles son las prácticas de manejo que se llevan a cabo en la tezcalera?¿Cómo afectan a la riqueza, composición y abundancia de las arvenses? ¿Cómo influyen en la resiliencia del sistema agrícola, de los bosques tropicales secos y al mantenimiento de los recursos para la subsitencia? Especies de estudio: Arvenses en tezcaleras con diferente manejo. Sitio y años de estudio: Zumpahuacán, Estado de México, 2020-2021 Métodos: Entrevistas sobre prácticas de manejo de la tezcalera. Registro de la riqueza, composición y abundancia de malezas en parcelas con diferente historia de manejo. Resultados: Las tezcaleras se originan de la roza-tumba-quema y siguen diferentes rutas: el tlacolol-milsol-regeneración o potrero, y recientemente, cultivo de Agave. Registramos 161 morfoespecies y 45 familias botánicas; 95 % nativas de la selva baja caducifolia. Veinticinco son endémicas de la región del Balsas y 34 están en alguna categoría de riesgo. La riqueza y abundancia de las arvenses varió entre tezcaleras. La composición florística fue similar; 65 % tuvieron valor tangible o intangible. Conclusiones: La tezcalera es una unidad biocultural y un agroecosistema resiliente. Las prácticas tradicionales favorecen la riqueza y composición de las especies nativas. Los herbicidas y la introducción del cultivo de Agave desplazan a los cultivos tradicionales, poniendo en riesgo la agrobiodiversidad local.

Abstract Background: Traditional agricultural systems in Mesoamerica are adaptations of ancient farmers to the complex and varied environments. Tezcalera represents one of them. Questions: How is the environmental context under which the tezcalera develop? Which management practices are followed in tezcalera? How do these management practices affect weeds' richness, composition, and abundance? How do these management practices contribute to the resilience of the agricultural system, the tropical dry forests, and to the maintenance of subsistence resources? Studied species: Weeds growing in tezcaleras with different management. Study site and dates: Zumpahuacán, Estado de México, 2020-2021. Methods: Twenty-four collaborators were interviewed about the environmental, technological, and cultural aspects of tezcalera. We recorded weeds' richness, composition, and abundance in seven plots with different management histories. Results: Tezcaleras originate from the slash-burn process and follow different paths: tlacolol-milsol-shallow plot, potrero, and recently, Agave crop. We recorded 161 morphospecies from 45 botanical families; 95 % were native to tropical dry forests. Twenty-five species are endemic to the Balsas region, and thirty-four are at risk. Richness and abundance varied between tezcaleras, where tlacolol plots exhibited the highest values. Plant composition was similar; 65 % had intangible or tangible values. Conclusions: Tezcalera is a biocultural unit and a resilient agroecosystem. Traditional practices remain and positively impact the richness and composition of native weeds. The uncontrolled use of herbicides and the introduction of Agave crop are displacing traditional crops and modifying traditional practices, risking local agrobiodiversity.

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on vibration exposure and its impact on occupational health, contrasting the results with previous research. Workers in a specific workshop were investigated, assessing their vibration exposure, working hours and risk perception. A mixed approach was used, collecting data through structured surveys and inferential statistical analysis. The results indicate that 80% of the workers are exposed to vibration to some extent, with 10% exposed half the time and 6% almost always. However, no significant correlations were found between vibration exposure and other factors such as musculoskeletal health or reduced work activity. These discrepancies with previous research suggest demographic and occupational variations among the samples studied. It is concluded that it is critical to address musculoskeletal health in a comprehensive manner, implementing effective control measures to prevent mechanical vibration-related injuries.

RESUMEN Este trabajo aborda los desafíos del estrés laboral en docentes universitarios, analizando su impacto en la salud mental y el desempeño laboral. El objetivo es identificar las causas y consecuencias del estrés en este grupo y proponer medidas para mitigarlo. Se realizó una investigación no experimental con enfoque mixto, utilizando análisis descriptivo y relacional. Se aplicaron encuestas a 31 docentes, utilizando el cuestionario alemán Effort-Reward Imbalance y la escala de ansiedad de Zung. Los resultados muestran una correlación entre la carga laboral, la falta de reconocimiento y el nivel de estrés. Se concluye que es necesario abordar los factores psicosociales en el entorno laboral para promover un ambiente saludable y apoyar el bienestar de los docentes, lo que a su vez beneficiará la calidad educativa.

RESUMEN: Para diagnosticar el Síndrome Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS) se utiliza la polisomnografía, el cual es un costoso y extenso estudio que exige que el paciente duerma en un laboratorio. El SAOS ha sido asociado con características de la morfología facial y mediante un modelo predictivo de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), se podría realizar un diagnóstico preliminar. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar por medio de una revisión de alcance, las opciones tecnológicas basadas en IA aplicadas al diagnóstico del SAOS, y los parámetros evaluados en dichos análisis en las estructuras craneofaciales. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura hasta febrero del 2024 y mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión se determino los estudios a analizar. Los títulos y resúmenes fueron seleccionados de forma independiente por dos investigadores. Se seleccionaron 14 estudios, incluyeron un total de 13.293 sujetos analizados. El rango edad de la muestra oscilo entre 18 y 90 años. 9.912 (74.56 %) sujetos eran de sexo masculino y 3.381 (25,43 %) eran de sexo femenino. Los estudios incluidos presentaron diagnóstico de SAOS mediante polisomnografía, siete estudios presentaron un grupo control de sujetos con ausencia de SAOS y otro grupo con presencia de SAOS. Mientras que los demás estudios, presentaron grupos de SAOS en relación con su severidad. Todos los estudios tuvieron una precisión media del 80 % en la predicción de SAOS utilizando variables como la edad, el género, mediciones y/o mediciones imagenológicas. no existen exámenes previos al diagnóstico por polisomnografía que permitan orientar al usuario en la probable presencia de SAOS. En este sentido, existen factores de riesgo para desarrollar SAOS vinculados a la forma facial, la obesidad, la edad y otras condiciones, que sumados a los avances con IA para diagnóstico y orientación en SAOS podrían ser utilizados para la detección precoz del mismo.

SUMMARY: To diagnose obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), polysomnography is used, an expensive and extensive study requiring the patient to sleep in a laboratory. OSAS has been associated with features of facial morphology, and a preliminary diagnosis could be made using an artificial intelligence (AI) predictive model. This study aimed to analyze, using a scoping review, the AI-based technological options applied to diagnosing OSAS and the parameters evaluated in such analyses on craniofacial structures. A systematic search of the literature was carried out up to February 2024, and, using inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies to be analyzed were determined. Titles and abstracts were independently selected by two researchers. Fourteen studies were selected, including a total of 13,293 subjects analyzed. The age of the sample ranged from 18 to 90 years. 9,912 (74.56 %) subjects were male, and 3,381 (25.43 %) were female. The included studies presented a diagnosis of OSAS by polysomnography; seven presented a control group of subjects without OSAS and another group with OSAS. The remaining studies presented OSAS groups in relation to their severity. All studies had a mean accuracy of 80 % in predicting OSAS using variables such as age, gender, measurements, and/or imaging measurements. There are no tests before diagnosis by polysomnography to guide the user in the likely presence of OSAS. In this sense, there are risk factors for developing OSA linked to facial shape, obesity, age, and other conditions, which, together with the advances in AI for diagnosis and guidance in OSAS, could be used for early detection.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Every year more than 2.3 million cases of breast cancer are registered, making it the most common type of cancer among adults. The association between breast cancer and occupational factors is an issue that has been studied in the literature since the beginning of the 18th century. Technological developments have allowed a more in-depth study of the relationship between breast cancer and occupational factors such as exposure to chemicals, pesticides, metals and also sources of exposure to ionising and non-ionising radiation.The aim of the present literature review is to complete an update on the scientific knowledge about the relationship between occupational exposure to ionising radiation in healthcare workers and the development of breast cancer. Methodology: A research was carried using Medline with the PubMed search engine and Elsevier with the Science Direct search engine. The search words used were a combination of breast cancer, occupational exposure, ionizing radiation and healthcare workers. A research was also carried out in Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional, using the terms “Breast Cancer” and “Ionizing Radiation”. Discussion/Conclusions: Current literature is not unanimous about the specific clinical and pathological features of breast cancer possibly linked to occupational settings. Healthcare professionals such as radiology technicians, nurses, orthopaedic surgeons and interventional cardiologists are especially vulnerable to this type of exposure, particularly to ionising radiation. However, some studies have pointed to a difficulty in establishing a causal relationship between these factors due to the number of variables involved, such as the duration and intensity of exposure and the influence of other risk factors. Changes in equipment, procedures and protective measures have resulted in lower doses in recent years, which means that the risk of breast cancer is low at current levels of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation.

RESUMO Introdução: Todos os anos são registados mais de 2,3 milhões de casos de cancro da mama, o que o torna o tipo cancro mais comum entre os adultos. A associação entre o cancro da mama e fatores ocupacionais é uma questão que tem vindo a ser estudada na literatura desde o início do século XVIII. Os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos permitiram um estudo mais aprofundado sobre a relação entre o cancro da mama e os fatores profissionais como a exposição a produtos químicos, pesticidas, metais e também fontes de exposição a radiação ionizante e não ionizante. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é incidir na relação entre a exposição ocupacional a radiação ionizante em trabalhadores da saúde e o desenvolvimento de cancro da mama. Metodologia: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa na Medline, com o motor de busca PubMed e na Elsevier, com o motor de busca Science Direct. As palavras de pesquisa usadas foram uma combinação dos termos breast cancer, occupational exposure, ionizing radiation e healthcare workers. Foi também realizada pesquisa na Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional utilizando os termos “Cancro de mama” e “Radiação Ionizante”. Discussão/Conclusão: A literatura atual não é unânime quanto às características clínicas e patológicas específicas do cancro da mama possivelmente ligadas a contextos profissionais. Os profissionais de saúde, tais como técnicos de radiologia, enfermeiros, cirurgiões ortopédicos e cardiologistas de intervenção são especialmente vulneráveis a este tipo de exposição, nomeadamente à radiação ionizante. No entanto, alguns estudos apontaram para uma dificuldade em estabelecer uma relação causal entre estes fatores e o desenvolvimento de doença devido ao número de variáveis envolvidas, tais como a duração e intensidade da exposição e à influência de outros fatores de risco. As mudanças no equipamento, procedimentos e medidas de proteção resultaram em doses mais baixas nos anos mais recentes, o que significa que o risco de cancro da mama é baixo nos níveis atuais de exposição profissional à radiação ionizante.

ABSTRACT Introduction Our society’s characteristics, with their constant evolution and globalization, have shown a significant impact on the way jobs have been structured over the years, with one of the most highlighted aspects being the possibility of practicing telecommuting. The prevalence of telecommuting and other forms of remote work enabled by technological innovations has increased in recent years. Objectives Exploring the most recently published literature on telecommuting; examining its relationship with psychosocial risk factors and making inferences about the need for the implementation and improvement of policies aimed at promoting mental health in occupational settings, with a focus on preventing psychosocial risks. Methodology Integrative literature review using the terms "teleworking," "remote work," "telework," "telecommuting," "psychosocial risks," "mental health," and "occupational health" in both Portuguese and English. The primary databases used for the research included Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional” and “Direção Geral de Saúde”. A total of 24 documents with the highest relevance to the study’s theme were selected, published between 2010 and 2023. Discussion Psychosocial risks in telecommuting are undergoing constant changes and align with demographic, nature, content and organization. These changes may increase exposure to already recognized psychosocial risks or give rise to new emergent ones. The widespread and unexpected adoption of telecommuting due to COVID-19 with the simultaneous advancement of digitization processes have made telecommuting a more common practice. However, this mass adoption has increased instances of technological stress among workers, potentially leading to adverse consequences for mental health. While the widespread implementation of telecommuting aimed to protect workers from biological risks, it has, in various situations, increased social isolation, work-family conflicts, and a lack of social support, with negative consequences for the mental health of the working population. Conclusion The increasing of telecommuting in our society is leading to assess the psychosocial risk factors that arise with it, so that they are recognized by occupational health experts and intervened upon, thus ensuring that telecommuting becomes healthier.

RESUMO Introdução As sociedades atuais e a sua constante evolução e globalização, têm demonstrado um impacto significativo na forma como se estruturam os postos de trabalho ao longo dos anos, nos quais, mais recentemente e com maior tradução mediática, se destaca a possibilidade de praticar teletrabalho, potenciada pela inovação tecnológica. Objetivos Conhecer a literatura mais recentemente publicada acerca do teletrabalho; bem como a sua relação com fatores de risco de origem psicossocial e inferir sobre a necessidade de implementação e aperfeiçoamento de políticas voltadas para promoção da saúde mental em contexto ocupacional, com enfoque na prevenção dos riscos psicossociais. Metodologia Revisão da literatura integrativa com os termos “teleworking”, “remote work”, “telework”, “telecommuting”, “psychosocial risks”, “mental health” e “occupational health”, em português e em inglês. Foram utilizadas como principais bases de dados a Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, bem como a Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional e a Direção Geral de Saúde. Selecionaram-se os 24 documentos com maior relevância na temática em estudo, publicados entre 2010 e 2023. Discussão As fontes de riscos psicossociais do teletrabalho encontram-se em constante mudança e acompanham as alterações demográficas e da organização. A prática de teletrabalho parece ser uma oferta cada vez mais comum, a sua adoção em larga escala e inesperada devido à COVID-19 e coligada ao enorme avanço dos processos de digitalização, aumentaram as situações de stress tecnológico entre os trabalhadores, com possíveis consequências adversas para a saúde mental. Esta massificação do Teletrabalho, embora com o intuito de proteger os trabalhadores relativamente a um risco biológico aumentou, em diversas situações, o isolamento social, os conflitos trabalho-família e a falta de suporte social, com consequências negativas na saúde mental da população ativa. Conclusão Com o aumento deste tipo de trabalho emerge a necessidade de avaliar os fatores de risco psicossociais que surgem em conformidade, para que estes sejam reconhecidos pelos peritos em saúde ocupacional e intervencionados, assegurando assim que o teletrabalho se torna mais saudável.

Abstract This study investigates day-of-the-week effects in the digital market, with a focus on Bitcoin and Ethereum, spanning from July 1st, 2020, to December 31st, 2023, in the post-COVID-19 period. Employing parametric and non-parametric tests alongside the GARCH (1,1) model, market dynamics was analized. The findings indicate the presence of a day-of-the-week effect in Ethereum, characterized by notable return variations across different days, while Bitcoin exhibits no discernible calendar anomalies, suggesting enhanced market efficiency. Ethereum’s susceptibility to these effects underscores ongoing market complexities. Disparities in calendar anomalies stem from evolving market dynamics, methodological differences, and the speculative nature of cryptocurrency trading. Furthermore, the decentralized and global market complicates the accurate identification of market-wide effects. This study provides experimental findings on day-of-the-week effects in the digital market, facilitating investors in refining trading strategies and risk management. Further research is warranted to explore underlying mechanisms and monitor regulatory and technological developments for investor insights.

Resumen Este estudio investiga los efectos del día de la semana en el mercado digital, con un enfoque en bitcoin y ethereum, abarcando desde el 1º de julio de 2020 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2023, en el período posterior al COVID-19. Empleando pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas junto con el modelo GARCH (1,1), se analizó la dinámica del mercado. Los hallazgos indican un efecto significativo del día de la semana en ethereum, caracterizado por notables variaciones de rendimiento entre diferentes días, mientras que bitcoin no muestra anomalías de calendario discernibles, lo que sugiere una mayor eficiencia del mercado. La susceptibilidad de ethereum a estos efectos subraya las complejidades actuales del mercado. Las disparidades en las anomalías del calendario surgen de la evolución de la dinámica del mercado, las diferencias metodológicas y la naturaleza especulativa del comercio de criptomonedas. Además, el mercado descentralizado y global complica la identificación precisa de los efectos en todo el mercado. Este estudio proporciona evidencia empírica sobre los efectos del día de la semana en el mercado de criptomonedas, lo que facilita a los inversionistas refinar las estrategias comerciales y la gestión de riesgos. Se justifica realizar más investigaciones para explorar los mecanismos subyacentes y monitorear los desarrollos regulatorios y tecnológicos para obtener información de los inversionistas.

Abstract Ready-to-eat cereals (RTE) represent a significant part of the breakfast cereal market and are an important component of the diet. This update article aims to describe the nutritional aspects, processing and health effects associated with the consumption of RTE. The technological processes of RTE manufacturing involve ingredient blending, processing temperatures, and grain refinement and extrusion methods. In response to consumer demands, the industry has improved processing technologies, increasing the diversification of raw materials and using strategies such as fortification to improve their nutritional quality. There is ample evidence to support the effects of RTE consumption on human health, highlighting its contribution to meeting recommended macro- and micronutrient intakes in adult and child populations. Moreover, consumption of RTE, especially whole grains, is associated with lower incidence of obesity and lower risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases. In the pediatric population, the relationship between RTE consumption and improved diet quality is highlighted, although its impact on body weight and adiposity is still under discussion.

Resumen Los cereales listos para consumir (CLPC) representan una parte significativa del mercado de cereales para el desayuno y son un componente importante en la dieta. Este artículo de actualización tiene como objetivo describir los aspectos nutricionales, elaboración y efectos en la salud asociados al consumo de CLPC. Los procesos tecnológicos de fabricación de CLPC involucran mezcla de ingredientes, temperaturas de procesamiento, refinamiento del grano y métodos de extrusión. En respuesta a las demandas del consumidor, la industria ha mejorado las tecnologías de procesamiento, aumentando la diversificación de materias primas y utilizando estrategias como la fortificación para mejorar su calidad nutricional. Existe amplia evidencia que respalda los efectos del consumo de CLPC en la salud humana, destacando su contribución al cumplimiento de las ingestas recomendadas de macro y micronutrientes en poblaciones adultas e infantiles. Por otra parte, el consumo de CLPC, especialmente de granos enteros, se relaciona con menor incidencia de obesidad y menor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. En cuanto a la población pediátrica, se destaca la relación entre el consumo de CLPC y la mejor calidad de la dieta, aunque su impacto sobre el peso corporal y la adiposidad sigue en discusión.

ABSTRACT Foundation: hypertension has become one of the most prevalent conditions among Cuban adults and the main risk factor for morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular causes. Objective: to evaluate the impact of the implementation of the Arterial Hypertension Program Based on the HEARTS Initiative in the Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja Community Polyclinic in the Cienfuegos municipality. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in health systems and services from 2018 to 2022. The universe was the population over 18 years of age and the sample of 4,346 hypertensive patients. The variables were studied: sex, control of high blood pressure, technological structure, performance index, maturity index and mortality behavior due to cardiovascular diseases. Results: the performance index of the Basic Health Teams was excellent and the maturity index was in the advanced category. 85.5 % diagnostic and registration coverage were achieved, 94.7 % control among treated patients, 39.5 % control of patients with high cardiovascular risk and 60.1 % population control. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases for all ages, specifically premature mortality, decreased, with a predominance of the male sex. Conclusions: the implementation of the arterial hypertension program consolidated a work system for the improvement of action in Primary Health Care for hypertensive patients. The use of standardized therapeutic policy has had an impact on blood pressure control.

RESUMEN Fundamento: la hipertensión se ha convertido en una de las condiciones de mayor prevalencia entre los adultos cubanos y en el principal factor de riesgo de morbilidad y de mortalidad por causas cardiovasculares. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de la implementación del Programa de Hipertensión Arterial basado en la Iniciativa HEARTS en el Policlínico Comunitario Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja en el municipio Cienfuegos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en sistemas y servicios de salud desde el 2018 hasta el 2022. El universo fue la población mayor de 18 años y la muestra de 4 346 hipertensos. Se estudiaron las variables: sexo, control de hipertensión arterial, estructura tecnológica, índice de desempeño, índice de madurez y comportamiento de la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares. Resultados: el índice de desempeño de los Equipos Básicos de Salud fue excelente y el índice de madurez tuvo la categoría de avanzado. Se alcanzó el 85,5 % de cobertura diagnóstica y de registro, el 94,7 % de control entre tratados, un 39,5 % de control de los pacientes con alto riesgo cardiovascular y el 60,1 % de control poblacional. La mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares para todas las edades en específico la mortalidad prematura disminuyó, con predominio del sexo masculino. Conclusiones: la implementación del programa de hipertensión arterial consolidó un sistema de trabajo para el perfeccionamiento de actuación en la Atención Primaria de Salud ante el paciente hipertenso. El uso de la política terapéutica estandarizada ha tenido impacto en el control de la presión arterial.

O artigo se dedica a examinar a articulação entre dois movimentos de contestação da representação, identificados nos domínios da política e da literatura. Refiro-me aqui aos questionamentos da democracia representativa que acompanhamos na série de protestos entre 2010-2013 e à discussão sobre a legitimidade das produções artísticas para representar integrantes de minorias diversas. Esses abalos da representação serão analisados, sobretudo, como pressões por alterações na chamada partilha do sensível (Rancière). Ao buscar traçar correspondências entre esses dois movimentos de contestação, destacarei suas ligações com modificações tecnológicas e discursivas de impacto, tais como o desenvolvimento da comunicação em rede, a expansão do discurso do testemunho e de suas formas próprias de subjetivação. Por fim, discutirei o risco dessa demanda por mudança na partilha do sensível resultar não na ampliação concreta da democracia nos domínios da política e da literatura, mas na criação de bolhas digitais e culturais caracterizadas pela homogeneidade e pela intransigência.

The article is dedicated to examining the link between two movements challenging representation, identified in the fields of politics and literature. I am referring here to the questioning of representative democracy that was part of the series of protests between 2010-2013 and the discussion about the legitimacy of artistic productions to represent members of diverse minorities. These upheavals in representation will be analyzed above all as pressures for changes in the so-called distribution of the sensible (Rancière). In seeking to trace correspondences between these two movements of contestation, I will highlight their links with impactful technological and discursive changes, such as the development of network communication, the expansion of the discourse of testimony, and its forms of subjectivation. Finally, I will discuss the risk of this demand for change in the distribution of the sensible resulting not in the concrete expansion of democracy in the realms of politics and literature, but in the creation of digital and cultural bubbles characterized by homogeneity and intransigence.

RESUMO O artigo se dedica a examinar a articulação entre dois movimentos de contestação da representação, identificados nos domínios da política e da literatura. Refiro-me aqui aos questionamentos da democracia representativa que acompanhamos na série de protestos entre 2010-2013 e à discussão sobre a legitimidade das produções artísticas para representar integrantes de minorias diversas. Esses abalos da representação serão analisados, sobretudo, como pressões por alterações na chamada partilha do sensível (Rancière). Ao buscar traçar correspondências entre esses dois movimentos de contestação, destacarei suas ligações com modificações tecnológicas e discursivas de impacto, tais como o desenvolvimento da comunicação em rede, a expansão do discurso do testemunho e de suas formas próprias de subjetivação. Por fim, discutirei o risco dessa demanda por mudança na partilha do sensível resultar não na ampliação concreta da democracia nos domínios da política e da literatura, mas na criação de bolhas digitais e culturais caracterizadas pela homogeneidade e pela intransigência. literatura Refirome Refiro me 20102013 2010 2013 2010-201 diversas analisados sobretudo Rancière. Rancière . (Rancière) impacto rede subjetivação fim intransigência 2010201 201 2010-20 (Rancière 201020 20 2010-2 20102 2 2010-

ABSTRACT The article is dedicated to examining the link between two movements challenging representation, identified in the fields of politics and literature. I am referring here to the questioning of representative democracy that was part of the series of protests between 2010-2013 and the discussion about the legitimacy of artistic productions to represent members of diverse minorities. These upheavals in representation will be analyzed above all as pressures for changes in the so-called distribution of the sensible (Rancière). In seeking to trace correspondences between these two movements of contestation, I will highlight their links with impactful technological and discursive changes, such as the development of network communication, the expansion of the discourse of testimony, and its forms of subjectivation. Finally, I will discuss the risk of this demand for change in the distribution of the sensible resulting not in the concrete expansion of democracy in the realms of politics and literature, but in the creation of digital and cultural bubbles characterized by homogeneity and intransigence. literature 20102013 2010 2013 2010-201 minorities socalled so called Rancière. Rancière . (Rancière) contestation communication testimony subjectivation Finally intransigence 2010201 201 2010-20 (Rancière 201020 20 2010-2 20102 2 2010-

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist, resulting in adverse outcomes. However, controversies remain regarding the efficacy of catheter ablation (CA) in AF patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Objectives The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of CA versus medical therapy (MT) in AF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45%. Methods We searched the literature for studies that compared CA to MT in AF patients with LVEF ≤45%. A meta-analysis of 7 clinical trials was performed, including 1163 patients with AF and HF. Subgroup analysis was performed based on baseline LVEF. All tests were 2-sided; only the p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We found that CA was associated with lower all-cause mortality (risk ratio: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.72; p<0.01) and greater improvements in LVEF (mean difference: 4.80%, 95% CI: 2.29% to 7.31%; p<0.01) compared to MT. Patients in the CA group had a lower risk of HF hospitalization and AF recurrence and a significantly better quality of life than those in the MT group. The results of subgroup analysis indicated that patients with milder left ventricular dysfunction improved LVEF after AF ablation (mean difference: 6.53%, 95% CI: 6.18% to 6.88%; p<0.01) compared to patients with more severe disease (mean difference: 2.02%, 95% CI: 0.87% to 3.16%; p<0.01). Conclusions Our meta-analysis demonstrated that CA was associated with significant improvements in outcomes of AF patients with LVEF ≤45%. Additionally, AF patients with milder left ventricular dysfunction could benefit more from CA. (AF (HF coexist However (CA metaanalysis meta (MT (LVEF 45 ≤45% 116 2sided sided 2 2-sided pvalue p value 005 0 05 <0.0 allcause all cause ratio 052 52 0.52 95 CI 037 37 0.3 0.72 072 72 p<0.01 p001 01 mean difference 480 4 80 4.80% 229 29 2.29 7.31% 731 31 653 6 53 6.53% 618 18 6.18 6.88% 688 88 202 02 2.02% 087 87 0.87 3.16% 316 3 16 p<0.01. . Additionally ≤45 11 00 <0. 5 0.5 9 03 0. 0.7 07 p<0.0 p00 48 8 4.80 22 2.2 7.31 73 65 6.53 61 1 6.1 6.88 68 20 2.02 08 0.8 3.16 ≤4 <0 p<0. p0 4.8 2. 7.3 6.5 6. 6.8 2.0 3.1 ≤ < p<0 4. 7. 3. p<

Resumo Fundamento A fibrilação atrial (FA) e a insuficiência cardíaca (IC) coexistem frequentemente, resultando em desfechos adversos. No entanto, permanecem controvérsias quanto à eficácia da ablação por cateter (AC) em pacientes com FA com disfunção ventricular esquerda grave. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma metanálise de ensaios prospectivos randomizados e controlados para avaliar a eficácia da AC versus terapia médica (TM) em pacientes com FA com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) ≤45%. Métodos Procuramos na literatura estudos que comparassem AC com TM em pacientes com FA com FEVE ≤45%. Foi realizada uma metanálise de 7 ensaios clínicos, incluindo 1.163 pacientes com FA e IC. A análise de subgrupo foi realizada com base na FEVE basal. Todos os testes foram bilaterais; apenas o valor p <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Descobrimos que a AC estava associada a menor mortalidade por todas as causas (taxa de risco: 0,52, IC 95%: 0,37 a 0,72; p<0,01) e maiores melhorias na FEVE (diferença média: 4,80%, IC 95%: 2,29% a 7,31%; p<0,01) em comparação com TM. Os pacientes do grupo AC apresentaram menor risco de hospitalização por IC e recorrência de FA e qualidade de vida significativamente melhor do que aqueles do grupo TM. Os resultados da análise de subgrupo indicaram que pacientes com disfunção ventricular esquerda mais leve melhoraram a FEVE após a ablação de FA (diferença média: 6,53%, IC 95%: 6,18% a 6,88%; p<0,01) em comparação com pacientes com doença mais grave (diferença média : 2,02%, IC 95%: 0,87% a 3,16%; p<0,01). Conclusões Nossa metanálise demonstrou que a AC foi associada a melhorias significativas nos resultados de pacientes com FA com FEVE ≤45%. Além disso, pacientes com FA com disfunção ventricular esquerda mais leve poderiam se beneficiar mais com a AC. (FA (IC frequentemente adversos entanto (AC (TM (FEVE 45 ≤45% clínicos 1163 1 163 1.16 basal bilaterais 005 0 05 <0,0 significativo taxa 052 52 0,52 95% 95 037 37 0,3 0,72 072 72 p<0,01 p001 01 diferença 480 4 80 4,80% 229 2 29 2,29 7,31% 731 31 653 6 53 6,53% 618 18 6,18 6,88% 688 88 202 02 2,02% 087 87 0,87 3,16% 316 3 16 p<0,01. . disso ≤45 116 1.1 00 <0, 5 0,5 9 03 0, 0,7 07 p<0,0 p00 48 8 4,80 22 2,2 7,31 73 65 6,53 61 6,1 6,88 68 20 2,02 08 0,8 3,16 ≤4 11 1. <0 p<0, p0 4,8 2, 7,3 6,5 6, 6,8 2,0 3,1 ≤ < p<0 4, 7, 3, p<

Abstract The escalating demands of a growing population and rising living standards strain the efficiency of traditional agricultural methods in fulfilling consumer nutritional needs. Technological advancements, particularly the introduction of contract farming models, offer a potential path towards addressing these challenges. However, in Iran, contract farming remains an underdeveloped and under-researched agricultural practice. This study delves into the factors influencing the development of contract farming in Iran. Employing a two-level multinomial logit model and data collected through 380 questionnaires administered to farmers in the Kermanshah region, the research reveals income (measured by the number of employed household members) as the primary driver of contract farming adoption. Additionally, factors such as reduced agricultural risk, higher education levels among farmers, improved product sales prices, and proximity to processing facilities positively impact the expansion of contract farming. Interestingly, “push factors” like land scarcity significantly influence non-contract farming participation, with 30.8% of surveyed households relying on these alternative methods. Geographical factors also contribute, explaining 23% of the observed variance in farming activity choices. These findings inform key policy interventions for sustainable contract farming development in Iran: robust legal frameworks and transparent contracts, contract-specific insurance schemes, training for agricultural extension workers, and farmer awareness campaigns. needs advancements models challenges However Iran underresearched under researched practice twolevel two level 38 region measured members adoption Additionally risk prices Interestingly push noncontract non participation 308 30 8 30.8 contribute 23 choices contracts contractspecific specific schemes workers campaigns 3 30. 2

Resumo A escalada de exigências de uma população crescente e o aumento dos padrões de vida desafiam a eficiência dos métodos agrícolas tradicionais na satisfação das necessidades nutricionais dos consumidores. Os avanços tecnológicos, particularmente a introdução de modelos de agricultura contratual, oferecem um caminho potencial para enfrentar estes desafios. No entanto, no Irã, a agricultura contratual continua a ser uma prática agrícola subdesenvolvida e pouco investigada. Este estudo investiga os fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento da agricultura contratual no Irã. Empregando um modelo logit multinomial de dois níveis e dados recolhidos através de 380 questionários aplicados a agricultores na região de Kermanshah, a investigação revela o rendimento (medido pelo número de membros do agregado familiar empregados) como o principal impulsionador da adoção da agricultura contratual. Além disso, fatores, como a redução do risco agrícola, os níveis de educação mais elevados dos agricultores, a melhoria dos preços de venda dos produtos e a proximidade das instalações de processamento, têm um impacto positivo na expansão da agricultura contratual. Curiosamente, “fatores de impulso”, como a escassez de terras, influenciam significativamente a participação na agricultura não contratual, com 30,8% dos agregados familiares inquiridos demonstrando confiança nestes métodos alternativos. Os fatores geográficos também contribuem, explicando 23% da variação observada nas escolhas das atividades agrícolas. Estas conclusões podem embasar as principais intervenções políticas para o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura contratual no Irã: quadros jurídicos robustos e contratos transparentes, regimes de seguros específicos para contratos, formação para extensionistas agrícolas e campanhas de sensibilização dos agricultores. consumidores tecnológicos desafios entanto Irã investigada 38 Kermanshah medido empregados disso processamento Curiosamente impulso, impulso , impulso” terras 308 30 8 30,8 alternativos contribuem 23 transparentes 3 30, 2

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Weight retention during the post-partum period is associated with excessive weight gain. OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors associated with maternal weight retention at six months post-partum (PPWR). DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 127 women monitored using prenatal services. METHODS: The outcome variable was represented by post-partum maternal weight retention and calculated as the difference between the mother’s weight at sixth month post-partum and her pregestational weight. RESULTS: The mean age of the pregnant women was 26.7 ± 5.25 years old, and the post-partum maternal weight retention was 46.5%. The proximal determinants showed a direct association with PPWR after adjusting for the distal and intermediate variables: excessive gestational weight gain (odds ratio [OR]:3.34; confidence interval [CI]:1.16–9.59), greater adhesion to dietary intake pattern 2 (composed of red meats and derivatives, eggs, industrialized foods, and coffee) (OR:2.70; CI:1.16–6.32), and the absence of exclusive maternal breastfeeding in the first month (OR:3.40; CI:1.27–9.12), as well as primiparity (OR:2.36; CI:1.00–5.55), an intermediate determinant. Insufficient weight gain in pregnancy was inversely associated with the outcome (OR:0.35; CI:0.31–0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Among the hierarchical determinants, proximal factors were interrelated with maternal weight retention, indicating that excessive total weight gain, an inadequate dietary intake pattern, and the absence of exclusive maternal breastfeeding in the first month of life work as dampeners of the return to pre-gestational weight. Prepartum and post-partum care interventions can contribute to reducing excess weight in women. BACKGROUND postpartum post partum OBJECTIVES PPWR. . (PPWR) SETTING 12 services METHODS mothers mother s RESULTS 267 26 7 26. 525 5 25 5.2 old 465 46 46.5% variables odds OR3.34 OR334 OR 3.34 3 34 [OR]:3.34 CI1.16–9.59, CI116959 CI 1.16–9.59 , 1 16 9 59 [CI]:1.16–9.59) composed derivatives eggs foods coffee OR2.70 OR270 2.70 70 (OR:2.70 CI1.16–6.32, CI116632 1.16–6.32 6 32 CI:1.16–6.32) OR3.40 OR340 3.40 40 (OR:3.40 CI1.27–9.12, CI127912 1.27–9.12 27 CI:1.27–9.12) OR2.36 OR236 2.36 36 (OR:2.36 CI1.00–5.55, CI100555 1.00–5.55 00 55 CI:1.00–5.55) determinant OR0.35 OR035 0.35 0 35 (OR:0.35 CI0.31–0.93. CI031093 0.31–0.93 31 93 CI:0.31–0.93) CONCLUSIONS pre (PPWR 52 5. 4 46.5 OR3 OR3.3 OR33 334 3.3 [OR]:3.3 CI1 CI1.16–9.59 CI11695 116959 1.16–9.5 [CI]:1.16–9.59 OR2 OR2.7 OR27 270 2.7 (OR:2.7 CI1.16–6.32 CI11663 116632 1.16–6.3 CI:1.16–6.32 OR3.4 OR34 340 3.4 (OR:3.4 CI1.27–9.12 CI12791 127912 1.27–9.1 CI:1.27–9.12 OR2.3 OR23 236 2.3 (OR:2.3 CI1.00–5.55 CI10055 100555 1.00–5.5 CI:1.00–5.55 OR0 OR0.3 OR03 035 0.3 (OR:0.3 CI0 CI0.31–0.93 CI03109 031093 0.31–0.9 CI:0.31–0.93 46. OR3. 33 3. [OR]:3. CI1.16–9.5 CI1169 11695 1.16–9. [CI]:1.16–9.5 OR2. 2. (OR:2. CI1.16–6.3 CI1166 11663 1.16–6. CI:1.16–6.3 (OR:3. CI1.27–9.1 CI1279 12791 1.27–9. CI:1.27–9.1 23 CI1.00–5.5 CI1005 10055 1.00–5. CI:1.00–5.5 OR0. 03 0. (OR:0. CI0.31–0.9 CI0310 03109 0.31–0. CI:0.31–0.9 [OR]:3 CI1.16–9. CI116 1169 1.16–9 [CI]:1.16–9. (OR:2 CI1.16–6. 1166 1.16–6 CI:1.16–6. (OR:3 CI1.27–9. CI127 1279 1.27–9 CI:1.27–9. CI1.00–5. CI100 1005 1.00–5 CI:1.00–5. (OR:0 CI0.31–0. CI031 0310 0.31–0 CI:0.31–0. [OR]: CI1.16–9 CI11 116 1.16– [CI]:1.16–9 (OR: CI1.16–6 CI:1.16–6 CI1.27–9 CI12 1.27– CI:1.27–9 CI1.00–5 CI10 100 1.00– CI:1.00–5 CI0.31–0 CI03 031 0.31– CI:0.31–0 [OR] CI1.16– 11 1.16 [CI]:1.16– (OR CI:1.16– CI1.27– 1.27 CI:1.27– CI1.00– 10 1.00 CI:1.00– CI0.31– 0.31 CI:0.31– [OR CI1.16 1.1 [CI]:1.16 CI:1.16 CI1.27 1.2 CI:1.27 CI1.00 1.0 CI:1.00 CI0.31 CI:0.31 CI1.1 1. [CI]:1.1 CI:1.1 CI1.2 CI:1.2 CI1.0 CI:1.0 CI0.3 CI:0.3 CI1. [CI]:1. CI:1. CI0. CI:0. [CI]:1 CI:1 CI:0 [CI]: CI: [CI] [CI