Abstract Purpose: To document and analyze the experience of creation, growth and decline of a Solidarity Collaboration Network in Mexico City based on the theoretical-methodological approach of the Actor-Network Theory, in order to understand the role of the key actors, the dynamics that are experienced and the challenges and problems they face in their different stages of development. Methodological design: From a qualitative approach and through a case study, we propose the use of the translation process of the Actor-Network Theory as a theoretical-methodological guide to explore and interpret the findings. Results: The paper reveals the different maneuvers, actions and tensions that led to the construction of the emerging network and its subsequent decline. Five moments describing this process were analyzed: planning of the venture, creation, formalization, growth and decline of the network where both human and non-human actors have influence in different parts of the process. Research limitations: Are linked to the fact that the findings arise from a specific case, however, they can serve as a guide for the study of similar cases and, above all, to generate a greater understanding of the different actions that can arise in the operation of a collaborative network. Findings: The paper reveals the key role of both human and non-human actors and how they influenced both the growth and decline of the network. It also identifies new facets of the emergence and development of a Solidarity Collaborative Network as a function of the incorporation of the translation process. Methodologically, it was possible to observe the value of the Actor-Network Theory as a relevant methodological theoretical tool that can help to analyze and describe how a collaborative network is constituted and stabilized.

Resumen Objetivo: Documentar y analizar la experiencia de creación, crecimiento y declive de una Red de Colaboración Solidaria en la Ciudad de México a partir del enfoque teórico-metodológico de la Teoría del Actor-Red, con la finalidad de conocer el papel de los actores clave, las dinámicas que se viven y los retos y problemáticas a las que se enfrentan en sus diferentes etapas de desarrollo. Diseño metodológico: Desde un enfoque cualitativo y a través del estudio de caso se propone la utilización del proceso de traducción de la Teoría del Actor-Red como guía teórica-metodológica, para explorar e interpretar los hallazgos. Resultados: El trabajo revela las diferentes maniobras, acciones y tensiones que dieron lugar a la construcción de la red emergente y su posterior declive. Se analizaron cinco momentos que describen este proceso: planeación del emprendimiento, creación, formalización, crecimiento y declive de la red donde tienen influencia tanto los actores humanos como no humanos en diferentes partes del proceso. Limitaciones de la investigación: Están vinculadas al hecho de que los hallazgos surgen de un caso específico, sin embargo, estos pueden servir de guía para el estudio de casos similares y, sobre todo, para generar una mayor comprensión de las diferentes acciones que pueden surgir en el funcionamiento de una red colaborativa. Hallazgos: El trabajo revela el papel clave de los actores tanto humanos como no humanos y cómo influyeron tanto en el crecimiento como en el declive de la red. Asimismo, se identifican nuevas facetas que experimentan el surgimiento y desarrollo de una Red de Colaboración Solidaria (RCS) en función de la incorporación del proceso de traducción. Metodológicamente, se pudo observar el valor de la Teoría del Actor-Red como una herramienta teórica metodológica pertinente que puede ayudar a analizar y describir cómo se constituye y estabiliza una red de colaboración.

Abstract Research which evaluates Social Housing (SH) in Brazil often points out unfavorable conditions expressed by residents, in terms of the residential unit and common spaces, as well as surroundings. Participatory processes to improve projects are considered essential for political, social and economic reasons, and user values need to be prioritized. Processes to develop improvements for existing SH, that include residents as protagonists, with active participation, may guide more effective actions. However, participatory processes for home and public area renovations require procedures to effectively achieve their technical objectives and meet the needs and desires of their residents with feasibility of implementation. This research developed a case study with the participation of residents of a small SH project in Campinas - SP, with a specific focus on improvements for the children's leisure areas. The study involved the public targeted, children living in the analyzed SH complex, in defining their leisure space through dynamics and playful activities. Qualitative results are presented of this participatory process, involving children. Knowledge gained is methodological, with lessons learned for the planning and development of participatory co-design projects with children. (SH spaces surroundings political reasons prioritized protagonists actions However implementation SP childrens s areas targeted complex activities process methodological codesign co design

Resumo Pesquisas que avaliam Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS) no Brasil em geral apontam condições desfavoráveis expressas pelos moradores em relação à sua moradia, em termos de unidade habitacional e espaços comuns, assim como seu entorno. Processos participativos para melhorias são considerados essenciais por razões políticas, sociais e econômicas, priorizando os valores do usuário. Considera-se que o desenvolvimento de processos de introdução de melhorias de HIS existentes, no qual o morador é protagonista,participando ativamente, pode orientar ações efetivas. No entanto, processos participativos com foco em melhorias residenciais e em áreas comuns necessitam de procedimentos que de fato atinjam objetivos técnicos e atendam as necessidades e desejos dos moradores, priorizando a viabilidade de execução. A pesquisa desenvolveu um estudo de caso com participação de moradores de um conjunto habitacional em Campinas, SP, com foco específico na área recreativa de uso infantil. O estudo envolveu o público-alvo, crianças moradoras do conjunto habitacional, na definição do seu espaço de lazer, a partir de dinâmicas e atividades lúdicas. São apresentados resultados qualitativos deste processo participativo, envolvendo as crianças. O conhecimento adquirido é metodológico, com lições aprendidas para o planejamento e desenvolvimento de projetosparticipativos de co-design com crianças. (HIS moradia entorno políticas econômicas usuário Considerase Considera se existentes protagonistaparticipando protagonista participando ativamente efetivas entanto execução Campinas SP infantil públicoalvo, públicoalvo público alvo, alvo público-alvo lazer lúdicas participativo metodológico codesign co design

ABSTRACT Background and Objective Salvage robot assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP) is performed for patients with biochemical or biopsy proven, localized prostate cancer recurrences after radiation or ablative therapies. Traditionally, sRARP has been avoided by lower volume surgeons due to technical demand and high complication rates. Post-radiation sRARP outcomes studies exist but remain few in number. With increasing use of whole gland and focal ablative therapies, updates on sRARP in this setting are needed. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of recently reviewed studies on the oncologic outcomes, functional outcomes, and complications after post-radiation and post-ablative sRARP. Tips and tricks are provided to guide surgeons who may perform sRARP. Materials and Methods We performed a non-systematic literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE for the most relevant articles pertaining to the outlined topics from 2010-2022 without limitation on study design. Only case reports, editorial comments, letters, and manuscripts in non-English languages were excluded. Key Content and Findings Salvage robotic radical prostatectomy is performed in cases of biochemical recurrence after radiation or ablative therapies. Oncologic outcomes after sRARP are worse compared to primary surgery (pRARP) though improvements have been made with the robotic approach when compared to open salvage prostatectomy. Higher pre-sRARP PSA levels and more advanced pathologic stage portend worse oncologic outcomes. Patients meeting low-risk, EAU-biochemical recurrence criteria have improved oncologic outcomes compared to those with high-risk BCR. While complication rates in sRARP are higher compared to pRARP, Retzius sparing approaches may reduce complication rates, particularly rectal injuries. In comparison to the traditional open approach, sRARP is associated with a lower rate of bladder neck contracture. In terms of functional outcomes, potency rates after sRARP are poor and continence rates are low, though Retzius sparing approaches demonstrate acceptable recovery of urinary continence by 1 year, post-operatively. Conclusions Advances in the robotic platform and improvement in robotic experience have resulted in acceptable complication rates after sRARP. However, oncologic and functional outcomes after sRARP in both the post-radiation and post-ablation settings are worse compared to pRARP. Thus, when engaging in shared decision making with patients regarding the initial management of localized prostate cancer, patients should be educated regarding oncologic and functional outcomes and complications in the case of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer that may require sRARP. (sRARP proven therapies Traditionally Postradiation Post number needed postradiation post postablative nonsystematic non systematic 20102022 2010 2022 2010-202 design reports comments letters nonEnglish English excluded pRARP (pRARP presRARP pre lowrisk, lowrisk low risk, risk low-risk EAUbiochemical EAU highrisk BCR injuries contracture year postoperatively. postoperatively operatively. operatively post-operatively However postablation ablation Thus 2010202 201 202 2010-20 201020 20 2010-2 20102 2 2010-

Abstract Introduction: Patient safety is a critical global public health issue, focused on a care delivery system that prevents errors and is built on a safety culture involving all healthcare professionals, organizations, and patients. Objective: To evaluate the level of health professionals' literacy regarding patient safety at a hospital center in the central region of Portugal. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the level of patient safety literacy among healthcare professionals. A sample of 300 professionals from a hospital center in central Portugal answered the World Health Organisation's ‘Questionnaire to Evaluate the Implementation of the Multiprofessional Guide.’ Most of the health professionals included in the study were female (76.3%), 50.3% were in the 36-50 age group and the majority were nurses (90%). Results: 44.0% of the respondents demonstrated low literacy in the "Error and Patient Safety" dimension. Similarly, 44.7% exhibited low literacy in the "Health System Safety" dimension. Regarding the "Personal Influence on Safety" dimension, more than half of the sample (52.7%) showed high literacy. Lastly, the majority of respondents displayed low literacy (54.7%) in the "Personal Attitudes towards Patient Safety" dimension. Conclusion: The findings indicate significant gaps in healthcare professionals' literacy concerning patient safety, predominantly in the "Personal Attitudes towards Patient Safety" dimension. Therefore, it is essential that healthcare professionals receive further training in patient safety to ensure the public's trust in their professional practices and confidence in the healthcare system. This translation is tailored for submission to a high-impact Q1 scientific journal, ensuring the use of precise and specialized technical English suitable for an academic audience.

Resumo Introdução: A segurança do doente é uma questão séria de saúde pública global, focada num sistema de prestação de cuidados que previne erros e é construído sobre uma cultura de segurança que envolve todos os profissionais de saúde, organizações e doentes. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de literacia dos profissionais de saúde em relação à segurança do doente num centro hospitalar na região central de Portugal. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional e transversal para avaliar o nível de literacia dos profissionais de saúde em relação à segurança do doente. Uma amostra de 300 profissionais de um Centro Hospitalar na região central de Portugal respondeu ao "Questionário para Avaliar a Implementação do Guia Multiprofissional" da Organização Mundial de Saúde. A maioria dos profissionais de saúde incluídos no estudo são do sexo feminino (76,3%), encontram-se na faixa etária (dos 36-50 anos) 50,3% e são maioritariamente enfermeiros (90%). Resultados: 44,0% dos inquiridos demonstraram baixa literacia na dimensão "Erro e segurança do doente". De forma semelhante, 44,7% apresentaram baixa literacia na dimensão "Segurança do Sistema de Saúde". Quanto à dimensão "Influência Pessoal na Segurança", mais de metade da amostra (52,7%) é altamente letrada. Por último, a maioria dos inquiridos mostrou baixa literacia (54,7%) na dimensão "Atitudes Pessoais em relação à Segurança do Doente". Conclusão: Os resultados apontam existir lacunas por parte dos profissionais de saúde sobre literacia na segurança do doente, com predominância na dimensão "Atitudes Pessoais em Relação à Segurança do Doente". Assim, é essencial que os profissionais de saúde recebam mais formação em segurança do doente para garantir a confiança dos cidadãos nas suas práticas profissionais e na confiança no sistema de saúde.

Resumen Introducción: La seguridad del paciente es un problema crítico de salud pública global, enfocado en un sistema de prestación de cuidados que previene errores y está construido sobre una cultura de seguridad que involucra a todos los profesionales de la salud, organizaciones y pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de alfabetización sobre la seguridad del paciente de los profesionales de la salud en un centro hospitalario en la región central de Portugal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacional y transversal para evaluar el nivel de alfabetización en seguridad del paciente entre los profesionales sanitarios. Una muestra de 300 profesionales de un centro hospitalario del centro de Portugal respondió al «Cuestionario para evaluar la aplicación de la Guía Multiprofesional» de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La mayoría de los profesionales sanitarios incluidos en el estudio eran mujeres (76,3%), el 50,3% tenían entre 36 y 50 años y la mayoría eran enfermeras (90%). Resultados: El 44,0% de los encuestados demostró baja alfabetización en la dimensión "Error y Seguridad del Paciente". De manera similar, el 44,7% mostró baja alfabetización en la dimensión "Seguridad del Sistema de Salud". En cuanto a la dimensión "Influencia Personal en la Seguridad", más de la mitad de la muestra (52,7%) mostró alta alfabetización. Por último, la mayoría de los encuestados mostró baja alfabetización (54,7%) en la dimensión "Actitudes Personales hacia la Seguridad del Paciente". Conclusión: Los resultados indican brechas significativas en la alfabetización sobre la seguridad del paciente de los profesionales de la salud, predominantemente en la dimensión "Actitudes Personales hacia la Seguridad del Paciente". Por lo tanto, es esencial que los profesionales de la salud reciban más formación en seguridad del paciente para asegurar la confianza del público en sus prácticas profesionales y la confianza en el sistema de salud. Esta traducción está diseñada para la presentación en una revista científica de alto impacto Q1, asegurando el uso de un español técnico preciso y especializado adecuado para una audiencia académica.

Abstract Pilón (Hyeronima alchorneoides) is one of the native tree species with the greatest potential for cultivation in Costa Rica. At a national level, there is research on its silvicultural management, tree improvement, wood quality and others. However, there is a lack of an updated and complete technological guide for this species. Therefore, there is a need to compile and systematize the generated knowledge in recent years about this species, with the purpose of improving technical assistance to the producer or investors. One of the main issues and needs are the availability of reliable growth models for diameter and total height for this species. A database with more than 255 plots was used for the diameter growth and more than 150 plots recording the total height. The growth function fitted for the diameter was dap=1,4145+2,1381*Edad-0,0364*(Edad)^2. Meanwhile, for total height the fitted model was Ht=e^((3,9090-3,5510*√(1/Edad)), both models have a bias estimation of 20% for diameter and 18% for total height.

Resumen El pilón (Hyeronima alchorneoides) es una de las especies forestales nativas de mayor potencial de cultivo en Costa Rica. A nivel nacional, existen investigaciones en temas como manejo silvicultural, mejoramiento genético, calidad de la madera, entre otras. Sin embargo, no existe un paquete tecnológico actualizado y completo para esta especie. Por lo que surge la necesidad de actualizar los modelos de crecimiento de diámetro y altura para esta especie. Para este estudio se utilizó una base de datos con más de 255 parcelas para el crecimiento diamétrico y más de 150 para la altura total. La función de crecimiento para el diámetro ajustada fue dap=1,4145+2,1381*Edad-0,0364*(Edad)^2, mientras que, para la altura total, el modelo ajustado fue Ht=e^((3,9090-3,5510*√(1/Edad)), Ambos modelos registraron un sesgo de un 20% para la estimación del diámetro y un 18% para la estimación de la altura total.

ABSTRACT At present, it is observed that individuals significantly increase the value of their assets, in many cases, such increases have no justification, so they omit the payment of their taxes, generating a low tax collection in the country. The objective of this research work was to analyze the criteria that allow the detection of the unjustified increase in wealth of Peruvian individuals. The methodology applied was qualitative, phenomenological design, with a non-probabilistic sampling based on the professional experiences of three experts in tax matters. The result was that the tax administration applies certain criteria, classified under the following headings: financial system, social, informality, auditing and digitalization. The most important criteria during the COVID 19 pandemic were e-commerce and social networks, used to generate income and evade taxes. It is concluded that natural persons incur in unjustified asset growth, due to lack of knowledge, because they do not wish to formalize or because they do not have a technical accounting team to guide them in the aforementioned criteria. It is suggested that the tax administration should supervise the new criteria related to digitalization in order to reduce unjustified capital gains in Peru.

RESUMEN En la actualidad, se observa que las personas naturales incrementan significativamente el valor de su patrimonio, en muchos casos, dichos incrementos no tienen justificación alguna, por lo que omiten el pago de sus tributos, generando en el país una baja recaudación. El presente trabajo investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los criterios que permiten la detección del incremento patrimonial no justificado en las personas naturales del Perú. La metodología aplicada fue de tipo cualitativo, diseño fenomenológico, tiene un muestreo no probabilístico basándose en las experiencias profesionales de tres expertos en materia tributaria. Obteniendo como resultado que la administración tributaria aplica ciertos criterios, clasificados en los siguientes rubros: sistema financiero, social, informalidad, fiscalización y digitalización. Siendo los criterios más resaltantes durante la pandemia COVID 19 el comercio electrónico y redes sociales, utilizados para generar ingresos y evadir impuestos. Se concluye que las personas naturales incurren en incremento patrimonial injustificado, por desconocimiento, porque no desean formalizarse o porque no cuentan con un equipo técnico contable que les oriente en los criterios antes mencionados. Se sugiere que la administración tributaria, deba fiscalizar a los nuevos criterios relacionados con la digitalización, para reducir el incremento patrimonial no justificado en el Perú.

ABSTRACT Discursively analyze the educational objectives present in official documents referring to Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area. Analysis of official Brazilian documents that configure teaching for Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area. Search carried out between February and April 2023 in databases available on the websites of the Federal Government of Brazil and the Health Legislation System of the Ministry of Health. Critical Discourse Analysis was carried out, from Fairclough’s perspective. Nine official documents addressed the educational objectives of Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area. The data were systematized into principles, conceptions, values, and educational strategies that guide the residency programs and organization mode, based on teaching activities. The educational objectives of Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area move towards the technical training of residents, while the discourse on the educational model, expressed in teaching activities, moves towards expanding the concept.

RESUMO Analisar discursivamente os objetivos educacionais presentes nos documentos oficiais referentes aos Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde. Análise de documentos oficiais brasileiros que configuram o ensino para os Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde. Busca realizada entre fevereiro e abril de 2023 em bancos de dados disponibilizados nos sites do Governo Federal do Brasil e do Sistema de Legislação da Saúde do Ministério da Saúde. Realizou-se Análise de Discurso Crítica, na perspectiva de Fairclough. Nove documentos oficiais abordavam os objetivos educacionais dos Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde. Os dados foram sistematizados em princípios, concepções, valores e estratégias educacionais que orientam os programas de residência e em modo de organização, a partir das atividades de ensino. Os objetivos educacionais dos Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde caminham rumo à formação técnica dos residentes, enquanto o discurso sobre o modelo educacional, expresso nas atividades de ensino, avança para a ampliação do conceito.

Resumen: Este trabajo desarrolla una guía para la resolución de problemas en ingeniería con un enfoque matemático, basado en el uso de estrategias creativas, heurísticas y de razonamiento. La investigación se divide en dos momentos: la revisión de la literatura y la configuración de una guía para problemas de ingeniería de solución abierta o cerrada. Esta guía combina el método ingenieril con componentes algorítmicos y heurísticos-creativos en tres fases: a) comprensión, abordaje y caracterización del problema, b) planeación, ataque y decisión de la mejor alternativa y c) solución, revisión y evaluación del problema. Se concluye que esta guía permitirá que los futuros ingenieros lleguen a una solución de un problema considerando las implicaciones que tendría en lo financiero, técnico, ambiental, entre otros ámbitos.

Abstract: This paper aims to design a guide for engineering problem solving with a mathematical approach, based on the use of creative, heuristic and reasoning strategies. The research is divided in two phases: the literature review and the conception of a guide for engineering problems with an open or closed solution. This guide combines the engineering method with algorithmic and heuristic-creative components in three steps: a) understanding, approaching and characterising the problem; b) planning, tackling and deciding on the best alternative; and c) solving, reviewing and evaluating the problem. The authors conclude that this guide will allow future engineers to reach a solution to a problem considering the implications in the financial, technical, environmental and other domains.

RESUMO Analisar discursivamente os objetivos educacionais presentes nos documentos oficiais referentes aos Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde. Análise de documentos oficiais brasileiros que configuram o ensino para os Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde. Busca realizada entre fevereiro e abril de 2023 em bancos de dados disponibilizados nos sites do Governo Federal do Brasil e do Sistema de Legislação da Saúde do Ministério da Saúde. Realizou-se Análise de Discurso Crítica, na perspectiva de Fairclough. Nove documentos oficiais abordavam os objetivos educacionais dos Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde. Os dados foram sistematizados em princípios, concepções, valores e estratégias educacionais que orientam os programas de residência e em modo de organização, a partir das atividades de ensino. Os objetivos educacionais dos Programas de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde caminham rumo à formação técnica dos residentes, enquanto o discurso sobre o modelo educacional, expresso nas atividades de ensino, avança para a ampliação do conceito. 202 Realizouse Realizou se Crítica Fairclough princípios concepções organização residentes educacional conceito 20 2

ABSTRACT Discursively analyze the educational objectives present in official documents referring to Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area. Analysis of official Brazilian documents that configure teaching for Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area. Search carried out between February and April 2023 in databases available on the websites of the Federal Government of Brazil and the Health Legislation System of the Ministry of Health. Critical Discourse Analysis was carried out, from Fairclough’s perspective. Nine official documents addressed the educational objectives of Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area. The data were systematized into principles, conceptions, values, and educational strategies that guide the residency programs and organization mode, based on teaching activities. The educational objectives of Residency Programs in the Professional Health Area move towards the technical training of residents, while the discourse on the educational model, expressed in teaching activities, moves towards expanding the concept. 202 Faircloughs Fairclough s perspective principles conceptions values mode activities residents model concept 20 2

RESUMEN Introducción: Dentro de las actividades del semillero de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Informal (SST-IN) durante el año 2022 en la ciudad de Bogotá se trabajó sobre una iniciativa de investigación inspirada en las experiencias del semillero en su búsqueda de entendimiento de factores que contribuyan al trabajo digno en el contexto de informalidad laboral. Objetivo: Determinar las condiciones de trabajo de una muestra de bicidomiciliarios que trabajan con plataformas digitales de la ciudad de Bogotá, en el año 2022. Métodos: En esta investigación se utilizó la metodología de estudio de caso obteniendo datos con diversos instrumentos como entrevistas, observaciones, revisión de la literatura, enfocado en factores de riesgo, peligros, enfermedades y accidentes o incidentes a los que se exponen los trabajadores, se evaluaron los resultados de las condiciones subestándar que se han presentado en los bicidomiciliarios, con base en la matriz descrita por la Guía Técnica Colombiana GTC45, con alcance y propuestas de mejora a corto plazo para este grupo de trabajadores informales. Resultados: Se identificaron en los trabajadores de plataformas digitales diferentes riesgos a los cuales están expuestos durante su jornada laboral basadas en la GTC45 y a las condiciones que se enfrentan día a día, además de describir variables sociodemográficas y aspectos de percepción del riesgo. Conclusión: Los aspectos insatisfactorios se refirieron a los medios y condiciones de trabajo como el clima, el uso inadecuado de los elementos de protección personal y la falta de capacitación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Among the activities of the Safety and Health in Informal Work (SST-IN) seedbed during the year 2022 in the city of Bogota, a research initiative inspired by the experiences of the seedbed in its search for understanding factors that contribute to decent work in the context of labor informality was worked on. Objective: To determine the working conditions of a sample of bicycle workers who work with digital platforms in the city of Bogota, in the year 2022. Methods: In this research, the case study methodology was used, obtaining data with various instruments such as interviews, observations, literature review, focused on risk factors, hazards, diseases and accidents or incidents to which workers are exposed, evaluating results of sub-standard conditions that have occurred to the delivery bike workers, based on the matrix described by the Colombian Technical Guide GTC45, with scope and proposals for improvement in the short term for this group of informal workers. Results: Different risks to which digital platform workers are exposed to during their workday were identified based on the GTC45, and the conditions they face on a daily basis; in addition, sociodemographic variables and aspects of perception were described. Conclusion: The unsatisfactory aspects referred to work environments and conditions such as climate, inadequate use of personal protection elements and lack of training.

ABSTRACT The dominant height of the trees in a site is an indirect indicator of the productivity of forest soils is called station quality, which is measured through the site index. The aim of this study was to fit Ad models as a function of age with a mixed effects modeling approach to generate site index curves in forest plantations of Pinus oocarpa Shiede in Ario de Rosales, Michoacán, Mexico. With 1 773 pairs of forest plantation dominant height-age data from two to 20 years old and 56 years old relicts, five growth models were fitted to choose a base model. The Weibull model was fitted by mixed effects modeling with the plot as an additive covariate in the site-related parameter. The dominant height guide curve and the polymorphic curves adequately cover the sample variability of the information and reliably represent the productivity of the site where these plantations grow. The bias and validation of the results showed reliability in the estimates. The technical shift in dominant height is between 5 and 15 years according to the quality of the season. With these results, it is possible to classify Pinus oocarpa forest plantations reliably and according to the level of productivity of each establishment site.

RESUMEN La altura dominante de los árboles de un sitio es un indicador indirecto de la productividad de los suelos forestales y se le denomina calidad de estación, la cual se mide a través del índice de sitio. El objetivo fue ajustar modelos de altura dominante en función de la edad con enfoque de modelos de efectos mixtos para generar curvas de índice de sitio en plantaciones forestales de Pinus oocarpa Shiede en Ario de Rosales, Michoacán, México. Con 1 773 pares de datos altura dominante-edad de plantaciones forestales de entre dos a 20 años y relictos de 56 años, se ajustaron cinco modelos de crecimiento para elegir uno base. El modelo de Weibull se ajustó por modelos de efectos mixtos con la parcela como covariable aditiva en el parámetro relacionado al sitio. La curva guía en altura dominante y las curvas polimórficas cubren adecuadamente la variabilidad muestral de la información y representan de forma confiable la productividad del sitio donde crecen estas plantaciones. El sesgo y la validación de los resultados mostró confiabilidad en las estimaciones. El turno técnico en altura dominante está entre cinco y 15 años de acuerdo con su calidad de estación. Con estos resultados es posible realizar la clasificación de las plantaciones forestales de Pinus oocarpa de manera confiable y acorde con el nivel de productividad de cada sitio de establecimiento.

The transplant rate in Chile is low compared to other countries. Although significant advances have been made to increase this number, there is little clarity regarding safety protocols for organ procurement teams. Internationally, various tragedies have marked this work, the most famous being the one that occurred in Michigan, where a medical team lost their lives when they crashed into a lake during transport for a lung transplant. Years after the tragedy, repeated complaints by medical personnel came to light concerning the lack of safety during transfers. Although organ procurement inherently carries associated risks, these should be kept to a minimum. In 2020, a safety guide was created to make progress with participation from the most crucial transplant organizations in the United States. Recommendations were issued regulating air and ground transportation, insurance, and the future of transplant activity. In Chile, technical guidelines that regulate procurement need to specify crucial safety metrics, and there is no publicly available information or recommendations, leaving safety to the discretion of local institutions. While it is essential to recognize the national effort to improve the number of transplants year after year, it is necessary to advance in improving the safety of procurement teams and not wait for a tragedy to occur to generate the required changes, particularly in a country with challenging geography like Chile.

Resumen Las tasa de trasplantes en Chile es baja en comparación con otros países. Si bien se han hecho importantes avances para aumentar este número, existe poca claridad en cuanto a protocolos de seguridad de los equipos de procuramiento de órganos. A nivel internacional existen diferentes tragedias que han marcado este trabajo, la más conocida es la ocurrida en Michigan, donde un equipo médico perdió la vida al caer sobre el lago en un transporte por un trasplante de pulmón. Años después de la tragedia se conocieron los reiterados reclamos por parte del personal médico en relación a la falta de seguridad durante los traslados. Si bien el procuramiento de órganos tiene un riesgo asociado inherente, este se debe mantener al mínimo. Para avanzar en esto se confeccionó una guía de seguridad donde participaron las organizaciones de trasplante más importantes de Estados Unidos. Se emitieron recomendaciones, donde se regula el transporte aéreo, terrestre, seguros y el futuro de esta actividad. En Chile la orientación técnica que regula el procuramiento, no especifica ninguno de estos puntos y no existe información pública disponible, dejando la seguridad a disposición de las instituciones locales. Si bien es importante reconocer el esfuerzo nacional por mejorar el número de trasplantes año a año, es necesario avanzar en mejorar la seguridad de los equipos de procuramiento, y no esperar que ocurra una tragedia, para generar cambios necesarios, particularmente en un país con una geografía desafiante como Chile.

Resumen: El presente artículo aborda la comunicación digital, emitida por 10 presidentes sudamericanos, en el contexto de salida de la pandemia del Covid-19 (segundo semestre 2021). En ello, se analiza el liderazgo comunicacional presidencial en el ámbito de las relaciones internacionales y, particularmente, respecto de la atención que en sus comunicaciones brindan a temáticas del plano internacional, así como la dirección que dicha atención asume.La estrategia metodológica puesta en práctica adapta mecanismos utilizados en estudios similares, combinando elementos del big data, con aquellos propios del análisis de contenido. En total se analizaron 11.616 datos/mensajes.Los hallazgos obtenidos explicitan que la comunicación digital presidencial en Sudamérica presta poca atención al ámbito internacional y, en los escasos espacios que se le reserva a esta temática, dicha comunicación se direcciona en virtud de temáticas de orden global, por sobre las bilaterales o multilaterales. Ello, en parcial contraste con nuestra hipótesis, que postula que la comunicación digital presidencial en Sudamérica presta sí poca atención al ámbito internacional, pero que en los escasos espacios que se le reserva a esta temática, dicha comunicación se direcciona en virtud de rivalidades bilaterales.

Abstract: Presidential leadership in South America plays a crucial role in the understanding of political behavior in both international relations and the formulation and implementation of foreign policies in each country. Beyond the inherent logics that underpin the presidential systems in Latin America, this leadership has been assuming significant communicational characteristics. These are primarily characterized by deployment in the digital environment that -with even greater autonomy- the region's presidents put into practice; during the COVID-19 pandemic, this leadership became even more vertiginous. In this article we address the communication that South American presidents put into practice in the digital political territory during the second half of 2021. This, in order to understand three analytical dimensions: a) presence and technical strategies put into practice; b) levels of thematic attention placed at the international level; and c) direction that such attention assumes, either bilaterally, multilaterally or globally. It is these three levels that order the questions that guide this research and the analysis of the 11,616 data that compose it. The adopted methodological approach combines content analysis and big data components, using methods from previous investigations. The resulting hypothesis follows the following logic: South American presidential digital communication pays little attention to the international sphere, and in the few spaces reserved to this topic, said communication is addressed either because of global aspects along the same lines or because of "rivalries" from which domestic benefits can be derived. There won't be many regional or multinational guidelines at that point. The political and economic environment in which this study is conducted is also crucial to take into account, as the COVID-19 epidemic and its repercussions accounted for a significant portion of the presidential initiatives examined.

Abstract This article presents an approach centered on a modification of the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Method (FMEA) for risk management concerning geotechnical structures during the hydraulic circuit filling process within a hydroelectric power plant. In this work, the conventional FMEA method, typically employed in various projects and processes, was adapted through the development of specific classification criteria. The primary objective was to enhance the applicability of this method to geotechnical structures during the filling procedure. The validity of this method was confirmed through its application in a case study. This analysis suggests that the newly devised scoring tables have streamlined the risk analysis process by reducing the number of classification categories and adopting a color scale. In addition to their role in classifying failure modes, these tables also serve as a guide for mitigating the risks associated with the filling procedure. The appropriate course of action is determined based on the specific aspects presented in the analyzed geotechnical model. It is our belief that the insights generated by this research will offer valuable support to technical professionals responsible for hydraulic circuit filling in hydroelectric projects. This support aims to enhance the safety of this activity by minimizing the severity of failures and increasing the probability of their detection. (FMEA plant work processes criteria procedure study scale modes model detection

Abstract The lack of didactic-pedagogical training of professors for teaching work is one of the facets of the chronic crisis affecting legal education. However, it is not enough to offer this training, it is necessary to discuss the theoretical-conceptual concepts that guide the training process, as these are responsible for outlining the contours of the profile of the professor that is sought to be trained and the model of legal education that is sought to consolidate. Therefore, the objective of this article is to understand the implications of didactic-pedagogical training offered through stricto sensu postgraduate academic courses in law, taking as a premise the perceptions of graduates regarding being and doing teaching, thus outlining, the profiles of legal education professors. Bibliographic and field research, qualitative data treatment and content analysis were the methodological guidelines for the development of the research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 90 legal education professors who graduated from master’s or doctorate courses in law located in the State of Paraná between 2017 and 2020. In the final considerations, the prevalence of the technical-practical profile (27%) was verified. regarding the conception of a legal education professor, which reveals a pragmatic and instrumental view of being and doing teaching. However, it was also noted the emergency of a critical-emancipatory vision of teaching (23%), a profile that has as its parameter the formation of an agent who transforms reality, committed to the humanization of the subject. didacticpedagogical didactic pedagogical However theoreticalconceptual theoretical conceptual process consolidate Therefore research semistructured semi structured 9 masters master s 201 2020 considerations technicalpractical technical practical 27% 27 (27% verified criticalemancipatory critical emancipatory 23%, 23 23% , (23%) reality subject 20 202 2 (27 (23% (2 (23 (

Resumo A falta de formação didático-pedagógica dos professores para o trabalho docente é uma das facetas da crise crônica que atinge o ensino jurídico. Entretanto, não basta ofertar essa formação, faz-se necessário discutir as concepções teórico-conceituais que norteiam o processo formativo, pois essas são responsáveis por delinear os contornos do perfil do professor que se almeja formar e o modelo de ensino jurídico que se busca consolidar. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo consiste em compreender as implicações da formação didático-pedagógica ofertada por meio dos cursos acadêmicos de pós-graduação stricto sensu em direito, tendo como premissa as percepções dos egressos a respeito do ser e fazer docente, delineando, assim, os perfis do professor do ensino jurídico. A pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, o tratamento qualitativo dos dados e a análise de conteúdo foram os encaminhamentos metodológicos para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista semiestruturada com 90 professores do ensino jurídico que são egressos dos cursos de mestrado ou doutorado em direito localizados no Estado do Paraná entre o período de 2017 a 2020. Nas considerações finais, verificou-se a prevalência do perfil técnico-prático (27%) no que se refere à concepção de professor do ensino jurídico, o que revela uma visão pragmática e instrumental do ser e fazer docente. Entretanto, constatou-se, também, a emergência de uma visão crítica-emancipatória da docência (23%), perfil esse que tem como parâmetro a formação de um agente transformador da realidade, comprometido com a humanização do sujeito. didáticopedagógica didático pedagógica Entretanto fazse faz teóricoconceituais teórico conceituais formativo consolidar assim pósgraduação pós graduação delineando campo 9 201 2020 finais verificouse verificou técnicoprático técnico prático 27% 27 (27% constatouse, constatouse constatou se, constatou-se também críticaemancipatória crítica emancipatória 23%, 23 23% , (23%) realidade sujeito 20 202 2 (27 (23% (2 (23 (