Abstract Background: No-reflow (NR) is characterized by an acute reduction in coronary flow that is not accompanied by coronary spasm, thrombosis, or dissection. Inflammatory prognostic index (IPI) is a novel marker that was reported to have a prognostic role in cancer patients and is calculated by neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) multiplied by C-reactive protein/albumin ratio. Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between IPI and NR in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods: A total of 1541 patients were enrolled in this study (178 with NR and 1363 with reflow). Lasso panelized shrinkage was used for variable selection. A nomogram was created based on IPI for detecting the risk of NR development. Internal validation with Bootstrap resampling was used for model reproducibility. A two-sided p-value <0.05 was accepted as a significance level for statistical analyses. Results: IPI was higher in patients with NR than in patients with reflow. IPI was non-linearly associated with NR. IPI had a higher discriminative ability than the systemic immune-inflammation index, NLR, and CRP/albumin ratio. Adding IPI to the baseline multivariable logistic regression model improved the discrimination and net-clinical benefit effect of the model for detecting NR patients, and IPI was the most prominent variable in the full model. A nomogram was created based on IPI to predict the risk of NR. Bootstrap internal validation of nomogram showed a good calibration and discrimination ability. Conclusion: This is the first study that shows the association of IPI with NR in STEMI patients who undergo pPCI. Background Noreflow No reflow (NR spasm thrombosis dissection (IPI neutrophillymphocyte neutrophil lymphocyte NLR (NLR Creactive C reactive proteinalbumin protein albumin Objective STsegment ST segment (STEMI pPCI . (pPCI) Methods 154 178 (17 136 reflow) selection development reproducibility twosided two sided pvalue p value 005 0 05 <0.0 analyses Results nonlinearly non linearly immuneinflammation immune inflammation CRPalbumin CRP netclinical net clinical Conclusion (pPCI 15 17 (1 13 00 <0. 1 ( <0 <

Resumo Fundamento: O no-reflow (NR) é caracterizado por uma redução aguda no fluxo coronário que não é acompanhada por espasmo coronário, trombose ou dissecção. O índice prognóstico inflamatório (IPI) é um novo marcador que foi relatado como tendo um papel prognóstico em pacientes com câncer e é calculado pela razão neutrófilos/linfócitos (NLR) multiplicada pela razão proteína C reativa/albumina. Objetivo: Nosso objetivo foi investigar a relação entre IPI e NR em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea primária (ICPp). Métodos: Um total de 1.541 pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo (178 com NR e 1.363 com refluxo). A regressão penalizada LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Select Operator) foi usada para seleção de variáveis. Foi criado um nomograma baseado no IPI para detecção do risco de desenvolvimento de NR. A validação interna com reamostragem Bootstrap foi utilizada para reprodutibilidade do modelo. Um valor de p bilateral <0,05 foi aceito como nível de significância para análises estatísticas. Resultados: O IPI foi maior em pacientes com NR do que em pacientes com refluxo. O IPI esteve associado de forma não linear com a NR. O IPI apresentou maior capacidade discriminativa do que o índice de imunoinflamação sistêmica, NLR e relação PCR/albumina. A adição do IPI ao modelo de regressão logística multivariável de base melhorou a discriminação e o efeito do benefício clínico líquido do modelo para detecção de pacientes com NR, e o IPI foi a variável mais proeminente no modelo completo. Foi criado um nomograma baseado no IPI para prever o risco de NR. A validação interna do nomograma Bootstrap mostrou uma boa capacidade de calibração e discriminação. Conclusão: Este é o primeiro estudo que mostra a associação de IPI com NR em pacientes com IAMCSST submetidos a ICPp. Fundamento noreflow reflow (NR dissecção (IPI neutrófiloslinfócitos neutrófilos linfócitos (NLR reativaalbumina reativa albumina reativa/albumina Objetivo (IAMCSST ICPp . (ICPp) Métodos 1541 1 541 1.54 178 (17 1363 363 1.36 refluxo refluxo) Least Operator variáveis 005 0 05 <0,0 estatísticas Resultados sistêmica PCRalbumina PCR PCR/albumina completo Conclusão (ICPp 154 54 1.5 17 (1 136 36 1.3 00 <0, 15 5 1. ( 13 3 <0 <

RESUMEN Introducción: El error humano en despachadores de carga eléctrica adquiere una connotación mayor dentro del sistema, debido a la alta responsabilidad que este puesto de trabajo asume en la toma de decisiones operacionales. Sus consecuencias tienen un elevado impacto para la seguridad y salud laboral, la economía y la sociedad. El diseño e implementación de estrategias preventivas, debe partir necesariamente de una correcta identificación de la pluralidad de elementos intervinientes, y romper con métodos tradicionales que depositan la responsabilidad únicamente en el individuo. Objetivos: Diagnosticar los factores psicosociales de riesgo que constituyen causas de errores humanos en el puesto de despachador de carga eléctrica. Métodos: Se realiza el análisis de 7 errores de operación cometidos por despachadores eléctricos, durante el período 2015-2020, con el empleo de una metodología cualitativa. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la entrevista semiestructurada, la observación y el análisis de documentos. Resultados: Se pone al descubierto la incidencia de factores asociados al contexto laboral y extralaboral, a sobreexigencias que ambos contextos demandan, y a premisas individuales de rendimiento y estados psicológicos disfuncionales derivados de la actividad laboral, que sólo en interrelación explican la ocurrencia del error. Conclusiones: Con la investigación se evidencia la necesidad de incorporar el enfoque sistémico en los análisis que hoy se realizan por las comisiones investigadoras en la institución. El análisis de causalidad desde la categoría factores psicosociales de riesgo permite entender el error humano como el resultado de la interrelación del individuo con un medio laboral que favorece la conducta errónea.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Human error of electrical system operators acquires greater connotation within the system due to their high responsibility for operational decision-making. Its consequences have a high impact on occupational health and safety, economy and society. The design and implementation of preventive strategies must necessarily start from correctly identifying the plurality of intervening elements and from breaking with traditional methods that place responsibility only on the individual. Objectives: To diagnose the psychosocial risk factors that cause human errors in the post of an electrical system operator. Methods: The analysis is carried out of 7 operating errors committed by power operators during the period 2015-2020, with the use of a qualitative methodology. The used techniques were the semistructured interview, observation and document analysis. Results: The incidence is shown of factors associated with the occupational and extraoccupational contexts, with overdemands present in both contexts, and with individual premises of performance and dysfunctional psychological states derived from occupational activity, which only in interrelation explain the occurrence of the error. Conclusions: With the investigation, the need is evidenced to incorporate the systemic approach into the analyses carried out today by the investigative authorities at the institutional level. The causality analysis based on the category psychosocial risk factors allows to understand human error as the result of the individual's interrelationship with an occupational environment that favors an erroneous behavior.

RESUMO Introdução: Pacientes hepatopatas, geralmente, apresentam um quadro clínico grave que pode se intensificar rapidamente fazendo com que a espera até o transplante de fígado ou o pós-cirúrgico tenha má prognósticos. Com isso, a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica é descrita em alguns estudos como uma alternativa nesses casos por mitigar os efeitos das doenças e do transplante hepático. Objetivo: Descrever os efeitos da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica no pré e no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos ao transplante hepático. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa na base de dados PubMed e Web Of Science. Foi utilizado os descritores: “Hyperbaric oxygenation”, “Liver transplantation” e “Hyperbaric oxygen therapy” com o operador booleano “AND”, e selecionados artigos de relevância para o tema. Inicialmente, foram selecionados 49 artigos, todos publicados nos últimos 20 anos, em português e/ou inglês. Após análise, 6 artigos corresponderam ao objetivo proposto. Resultados: Pode-se verificar que o conteúdo intraoperatório de O2 sistêmico afeta a recuperação pós-operatória em pacientes submetidos ao transplante de fígado. A oxigenoterapia hiperbárica precoce atua como protetor na redução da gravidade da lesão de isquemia/reperfusão dos hepatócitos. A oxigenoterapia hiperbárica também influencia na resposta imune do paciente submetido ao transplante de fígado, reduzindo a incompatibilidade. Ainda sobre os efeitos imunomodulatórios da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica, essa terapia se mostrou eficaz no auxílio da prevenção de infecções pós-operatórias por melhorar a atividade antibacteriana das células imunes e aumentar o efeito bactericida dos antibióticos. Tratando-se de pacientes em lista de espera para transplante de fígado, foi observado após tratamento com a oxigenoterapia a diminuição no número e na intensidade dos episódios de encefalopatia, melhora do prurido e sentimento de bem-estar. No quesito disfunção precoce do aloenxerto, foi demonstrado que pacientes com disfunção apresentaram valores mais baixos de O2 nas fases anepática e neo-hepática, quando comparado com os pacientes sem disfunção no período pós-operatório. Além disso, durante a fase anepática, o conteúdo do nível de SatO2 também foi menor no grupo com disfunção do que nos sem disfunção. Conclusão: A oxigenoterapia hiperbárica é benéfica na preservação do fígado, uma vez que ajuda a manter a função hepática, a prolongar o tempo de preservação do fígado e melhorar o resultado do transplante hepático. Introdução hepatopatas geralmente póscirúrgico pós cirúrgico prognósticos isso hepático Objetivo pósoperatório operatório Métodos Tratase Trata Science descritores Hyperbaric oxygenation, oxygenation , oxygenation” Liver transplantation therapy AND, AND “AND” tema Inicialmente 4 2 anos eou inglês análise proposto Resultados Podese Pode O pósoperatória operatória isquemiareperfusão isquemia reperfusão hepatócitos incompatibilidade pósoperatórias operatórias antibióticos Tratandose Tratando encefalopatia bemestar. bemestar bem estar. estar bem-estar aloenxerto neohepática, neohepática neo hepática neo-hepática pósoperatório. operatório. disso SatO Conclusão “AND

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients with liver disease generally have a serious clinical condition that can rapidly worsen, making the wait until liver transplantation or post-surgery a poor prognosis. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has therefore been described in some studies as an alternative in these cases, as it mitigates the effects of the diseases and liver transplantation. Objective: To describe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the pre- and post-operative periods of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Methods: This is an Integrative Review using the PubMed and Web Of Science databases. The following descriptors were used: “Hyperbaric oxygenation”, “Liver transplantation” and “Hyperbaric oxygen therapy” with the Boolean operator “AND”, and articles of relevance to the topic were selected. Initially, 49 articles were selected, all published in the last 20 years, in Portuguese and/or English. After analysis, 6 articles matched the proposed objective. Results: It can be seen that intraoperative systemic O2 content affects postoperative recovery in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy acts as a protector in reducing the severity of hepatocyte ischemia/reperfusion injury. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy also influences the immune response of patients undergoing liver transplantation, reducing incompatibility. Still on the subject of the immunomodulatory effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, this therapy has been shown to be effective in helping to prevent post-operative infections by improving the antibacterial activity of immune cells and increasing the bactericidal effect of antibiotics. In the case of patients on the waiting list for liver transplants, a reduction in the number and intensity of encephalopathy episodes, an improvement in pruritus and a feeling of well-being were observed after treatment with oxygen therapy. In terms of early allograft dysfunction, it was shown that patients with dysfunction had lower O2 values in the anepathic and neo-hepatic phases when compared to patients without dysfunction in the post-operative period. In addition, during the anepathic phase, the content of the SatO2 level was also lower in the group with dysfunction than in those without. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is beneficial in liver preservation, as it helps to maintain liver function, prolong liver preservation time and improve the outcome of liver transplantation. Introduction worsen postsurgery post surgery prognosis cases Objective pre operative Methods databases used oxygenation, oxygenation , oxygenation” Liver AND, AND “AND” selected Initially 4 2 years andor English analysis objective Results O ischemiareperfusion ischemia reperfusion injury incompatibility antibiotics transplants episodes wellbeing well being neohepatic neo hepatic period addition phase SatO Conclusion function “AND

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nursing care management in the elderly is a current challenge for the profession. This implies planning and coordinating safe and quality care, processes requiring to integrate theoretical approach and their praxis into systemic and dynamic care to the person in a total reality. Objective: To analyze the meeting points between the theories of Swanson and Roy in the continuous care of the elderly with prostate cancer. Methods: Systematic bibliographic review, carried out during 2019, of articles published from 2009 to 2019 in the SciELO and Google Scholar databases. The guiding question was developed through the acronym PICO. The search strategy was carried out by accepting the following descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS): teorías de enfermería [nursing theories], modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy [Callista Roy’s adaptation model], teoría de Kristen Swanson [Kristen Swanson’s theory], cuidados continuos [continuous cares], adulto mayor [elderly], neoplasia de la próstata [prostate neoplasm] and enfermedades crónicas [chronic diseases] with the Boolean operator AND. The flow diagram (PRISMA) was used. Content analysis allowed to interpret the theoretical references and to organize knowledge of the thirteen selected bibliographies. Conclusions: There is limited scientific production found about the scope of Swanson’s and Roy´s theories regarding the care of patients with cancer. Both theories include implicitly, in the foundation of their components, a biopsychosocial approach to the way of caring, in clinical praxis, as well as the culture of continuous care for the elderly with prostate cancer, from the nursing perspective.

RESUMEN Introducción: La gestión del cuidado de enfermería, en las personas mayores es un desafío actual para la profesión. Lo que implica planificar y coordinar cuidados seguros y de calidad. Donde se atribuye la necesidad de integrar el enfoque de las teorías y su práctica en el cuidado sistémico y dinámico a la persona en su realidad total. Objetivo: Analizar los puntos de encuentro entre las teorías de Swanson y Roy en el cuidado continuo del adulto mayor con cáncer de próstata. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática, durante 2019, de artículos publicados desde 2009 hasta 2019 en las bases de datos SciELO y Google académico. La pregunta guía se elaboró a través del acrónimo PICo. La estrategia de búsqueda se realizó mediante aceptación de los descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) “Teorías de enfermería”, “Modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy”, “Teoría de Kristen Swanson”, “Cuidados continuos”, “Adulto mayor”, “Neoplasia de la próstata” y “Enfermedades crónicas” con el operador booleano AND, se utilizó el diagrama de flujo (PRISMA). El análisis de contenido permitió interpretar los referentes teóricos y la organización del conocimiento de las 13 bibliografías seleccionadas. Conclusiones: Resulta limitada la producción científica encontrada en relación al alcance de las teorías de Swanson y Roy en la atención al paciente con cáncer. Ambas teorías tienen implícitas, en la fundamentación de sus componentes, un acercamiento biopsicosocial al modo de cuidar en la práctica clínica y la cultura del cuidado continuo en el adulto mayor con cáncer de próstata, desde la perspectiva de enfermería.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to determine the predictive values of the C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR), fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) parameters, which reflect the systemic inflammatory status, for the severity of COVID-19. METHODS: A total of 188 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Among them, 118 were in the severe group, and 70 were in the non-severe group. Levels of albumin, CRP, D-dimer, procalcitonin, fibrinogen, and hemoglobin; leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts; and the FAR, CAR, and NLR were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The CAR, FAR, and NLR values were significantly higher in the severe group compared to the non-severe group. CAR, FAR, and NLR were positively correlated with leukocyte and neutrophil counts and CRP, procalcitonin, and fibrinogen levels. On the other hand, they were inversely correlated with monocyte (except for NLR) and lymphocyte counts. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for CAR, FAR, and NLR was 0.841, 0.737, and 0.802, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation revealed that the CAR, FAR, and NLR indices can be used to predict the severity of COVID-19, among which CAR was the best predictor of severe COVID-19.

RESUMO Comparação dos sistemas de escores radiológicos, escores clínicos razão neutrófilo/linfócito e níveis séricos de proteína C-reativa para determinação da gravidade e mortalidade em casos de pancreatite aguda OBJETIVO Comparar sistemas de escores radiológicos, escores clínicos, os níveis séricos de proteína C-reativa (PCR) e a razão neutrófilo/linfócitos (RNL) como métodos de previsão de gravidade e mortalidade em casos de pancreatite aguda (PA). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Dados demográficos, clínicos e radiográficos de 80 pacientes com PA foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Os valores de Harmless Acute Pancreatitis Score (HAPS), Síndrome da Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica (SIRS), Índice de Gravidade na Pancreatite Aguda à Beira do Leito (BISAP), escore de Ranson, escore de Balthazar, Índice Modificado de Gravidade por Tomografia Computadorizada (CTSI), escore de Inflamação Extrapancreática em Tomografia Computadorizada (EPIC) e grau renal foram registrados. O desempenho prognóstico dos sistemas de escores clínicos e radiológicos e RNL no momento da internação e os níveis séricos de PCR após 48 horas foram comparados quanto à gravidade, de acordo com os critérios de Atlanta revisados e mortalidade. Os dados foram avaliados pelo cálculo das curvas ROC e da área sob a curva ROC (AUROC). RESULTADOS De 80 pacientes, 19 (23,8%) tinham PA grave e 9 (11,3%) morreram. A AUROC para o escore BISAP foi de 0,836 (95%CI: 0.735-0.937), com o valor mais alto de gravidade. Com um valor de corte de BISAP ≥ 2 , a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram de 68,4% e 78,7%, respectivamente. A AUROC para o a RNL foi de 0,915 (95%CI: 0.790-1), com o valor mais alto de mortalidade. Com um valor de corte de RNL > 11,91, a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram de 76,5% e 94,1%, respectivamente. Entre os sistemas de escore radiológico, o EPIC apresentou o maior valor de AUROC, 0,773 (95%CI: 0.645-0.900) para gravidade e 0,851 (95%CI: 0.718-0.983) para mortalidade com um valor de corte ≥6. CONCLUSÃO O escore BISAP e a RNL podem ser preferíveis como determinantes precoces de gravidade e mortalidade na PA. O escore EPIC pode ser sugerido entre os atuais sistemas de escores radiológicos.

SUMMARY Comparison of radiological scoring systems, clinical scores, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and serum C-reactive protein level for severity and mortality in acute pancreatitis BACKGROUND/AIMS To compare radiological scoring systems, clinical scores, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predicting the severity and mortality of acute pancreatitis (AP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data from 80 patients with AP were retrospectively evaluated. The harmless acute pancreatitis score (HAPS), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP), Ranson score, Balthazar score, modified computed tomography severity index (CTSI), extrapancreatic inflammation on computed tomography (EPIC) score and renal rim grade were recorded. The prognostic performance of radiological and clinical scoring systems, NLR at admission, and serum CRP levels at 48 hours were compared for severity and mortality according to the revised Atlanta Criteria. The data were evaluated by calculating the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the ROC (AUROC). RESULTS Out of 80 patients, 19 (23.8%) had severe AP, and 9 (11.3%) died. The AUROC for the BISAP score was 0.836 (95%CI: 0.735-0.937), with the highest value for severity. With a cut-off of BISAP ≥2, sensitivity and specificity were 68.4% and 78.7%, respectively. The AUROC for NLR was 0.915 (95%CI: 0.790-1), with the highest value for mortality. With a cut-off of NLR >11.91, sensitivity and specificity were 76.5% and 94.1%, respectively. Of all the radiological scoring systems, the EPIC score had the highest AUROC, i.e., 0.773 (95%CI: 0.645-0.900) for severity and 0.851 (95%CI: 0.718-0.983) for mortality, with a cut-off value ≥6. CONCLUSION The BISAP score and NLR might be preferred as early determinants of severity and mortality in AP. The EPIC score might be suggested from the current radiological scoring systems.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Al considerar la vulnerabilidad del sector eléctrico colombiano al cambio climático y los posibles riesgos que pueden presentarse como: incumplimientos en obligaciones de energía firme (OEF) por las unidades de generación, los atrasos de proyectos de generación con energía firme comprometida (caso Hidroituango entre otros) y la disponibilidad de energía firme en el mercado, implican un riesgo sistémico para la provisión de energía eléctrica a mediano plazo. Por tanto, este artículo realiza un análisis de riesgo con base en las previsiones y consideraciones aplicadas en documentos técnicos oficiales y resoluciones vigentes de la Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas (CREG) en el balance de demanda y OEF a mediano plazo, con el fin de determinar el riesgo existente y las acciones que la entidad debe realizar para mitigarlo. Metodología: A través del estudio sistemático de documentos técnicos y resoluciones recientes de la CREG, se llevó a cabo una reconstrucción de los balances de obligaciones de energía firme (OEF) y demanda proyectada a mediano plazo (cinco vigencias desde 2018 - 2019 hasta la 2022 - 2023) con información proveniente de operador del sistema eléctrico (XM), con el fin de llevar a cabo análisis basados en dos (2) escenarios considerados en documentos técnicos de la CREG relacionados al tema (Doc. CREG 050-2018 y Doc. CREG 0752018), determinando así las fuentes de riesgo y las medidas adoptadas al respecto. Resultados: Acorde con los escenarios planteados y al análisis de riesgo realizado en este artículo, se observó que la cantidad de OEF actual, en especial para el segundo escenario planteado, requiere toda la energía firme para el cargo por confiabilidad (ENF!CC) base que pueda ofrecer Hidroituango, a pesar de ser un proyecto con atrasos y que probablemente no pueda ingresar para las vigencias donde hay riesgo de desabastecimiento, por lo cual es pertinente solicitar una subasta de reconfiguración para esas vigencias. Conclusiones: Se confirma la alta probabilidad de riesgo de desabastecimiento para la última vigencia bajo estudio (2022-2023) en los dos (2) escenarios propuestos por la CREG, dado el nivel de ENFICC incrementales (ENF!CC con riesgo de oportunidad) y por la disponibilidad de energía firme disponible para satisfacer la demanda, en especial por las OEF adquiridas por el proyecto Hidroituango. (déficit de 2500 GWh-año y 4550 GWh-año respectivamente). Financiamiento: Universidad Autónoma de Occidente.

ABSTRACT Objective: When considering the climate change vulnerability of the Colombian electricity sector and the possible risks that may arise, such as: non-compliance with firm energy obligations (FEO) by generation units, delays in generation projects with firm energy commitments (the Hidroituango case, among others) and the availability of firm energy in the market, imply a systemic risk for the provision of electricity in the medium term. Therefore, this article performs a risk analysis based on the forecasts and considerations applied in official technical documents and current resolutions of the Energy and Gas Regulation Commission (CREG) in the demand balance and OEF in the medium term, in order to determine the existing risk and the actions that the entity must take to mitigate it. Methodology: Through the systematic study of recent technical documents and resolutions of the CREG, a reconstruction of the balances of firm energy obligations (FEO) and projected demand in the medium term (five periods from 2018 - 2019 to 2022 -2023) was carried out with information from the electricity system operator (XM), in order to carry out analyses based on two (2) scenarios considered in CREG technical documents related to the subject (Doc. CREG 050-2018 and Doc. CREG 075-2018), thus determining the sources of risk and the measures adopted in this regard. Results: According to the proposed scenarios and the risk analysis carried out in this article, it was observed that the current amount of OEF, especially for the second proposed scenario, requires all the firm energy for the base reliability charge (ENF!CC) that Hidroituango can offer, in spite of being a project with delays and that probably cannot enter for the periods where there is a risk of lack of supply, for which reason it is pertinent to request a reconfiguration auction for those periods. Conclusions: The high probability of shortage risk for the last term under study (2022-2023) is confirmed in the two (2) scenarios proposed by the CREG, given the level of incremental ENFICCs (ENF!CC with opportunity risk) and by the availability of firm energy available to meet demand, especially by the OEF acquired by the Hidroituango project (deficit of 2500 GWh-year and 4550 GWh-year respectively). Financing: Universidad Autónoma de Occidente

In many countries, the work of mining, quarrying, construction of tunnels and galleries, abrasive jet cleaning and smelting continue to present significant risks of silica exposure and silicosis epidemics still occur, even in developed countries. Patients with silicosis are particularly susceptible to opportunistic lung infections such as aspergillosis and tuberculosis. Occasionally silicosis is associated with scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, nephritis and cancer. Early detection of silicosis is made by chest X-ray method, being the presence of rounded opacities the main sign of illness. However, no systematic information is available that allows use as a standard method of evaluation because their interpretation remains operator dependent both conventional radiological technique, digital and interpretation of computed tomography with high resolution.

En muchos países del mundo, los trabajos de minería, canteras, construcción de túneles y galerías, limpieza por abrasión a chorro y fundición continúan presentando riesgos importantes de exposición al sílice, y siguen produciéndose epidemias de silicosis, incluso en los países desarrollados. Los pacientes con silicosis son particularmente susceptibles a infecciones oportunistas del pulmón como la aspergilosis y la tuberculosis. Ocasionalmente la silicosis se asocia a esclerodermia, lupus eritematoso sistémico, nefritis y cáncer. La detección precoz de la silicosis se realiza mediante el método radiológico de tórax, constituyendo la presencia de opacidades redondas el principal signo de enfermedad. Sin embargo no se dispone de información sistemática que permita utilizarla como método estándar de evaluación debido a que su interpretación sigue siendo operador dependiente tanto en la técnica radiológica convencional, digital y en la interpretación de la tomografía axial computarizada con alta resolución.

Arguments have been provided against the use of the eigenvector as the operator that derives priorities. A highlight of the arguments is that the eigenvector solution does not always respect the condition of ordinal preference (COP) based on the decision maker's judgments. While this condition may be reasonable when dealing with measurable concepts (such as distance or time) that lead to consistent matrices, it is questionable whether it is to be expected in all situations, particularly when the information provided by the decision maker is not fully consistent. The judgments that lead to inconsistency may also contain valuable information that must be considered in the priority assessment process as well. By the other hand, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) use the eigenvector operator to derive the priorities that represent the cardinal decision maker preferences from a pairwise comparison matrix, which do not always respect the COP condition. The AHP and still deeper the ANP (the mathematical generalization of AHP) start from concepts of ordinal metric of dominance and system theory, which is well supported by graph theory and ordinal topology with the Cesaro sum as its fundamental pillar to build metric of dominance. These mathematic concepts has no relation with COP preservation moreover, this two way of thinking are in a course of collision since the second (COP) inhibit the first (Cesaro sum). Systems theory claims that the whole is more than its standalone components, and that internal relationships provide additional information as well. Given that the pairwise comparison matrix is an interrelated system and not just a collection of standalone judgments, we plan to show that the eigenvector, because it is a systemic operator, is the most suitable to represent and capture the behavior of the whole system and its emerging properties.

Se han entregado argumentos en la literatura contra el uso del vector propio para obtener prioridades. Uno de los principales argumentos dice que el vector propio no respeta la condición de ordinalidad de preferencia (COP) obtenida del decisor. Si bien, esta condición suena razonable cuando tratamos con conceptos clásicos de medida como distancia o tiempo, que conllevan intrínsicamente niveles de consistencia completa, es cuestionable que este comportamiento deba ser esperado en todo tipo de situaciones y variables, particularmente cuando la información entregada por el decisor no es completamente consistente. Los juicios que conllevan inconsistencia, normalmente contienen información valiosa, la que debe ser considerada en el proceso de evaluación. Por otro lado, el AHP usa el vector propio para derivar las prioridades cardinales que representan las preferencias del decisor a partir de una matriz de comparaciones a pares, la que no siempre respeta la condición COP. El AHP y con mayor fuerza aún el ANP, parten de los conceptos de métrica ordinal de dominancia y de la teoría de sistemas, las que son bien sustentadas por teoría de grafos y topología de ordinales, a través de la suma de Cesaro como su pilar fundamental para la construcción de esta métrica de dominancia. Estos conceptos matemáticos no guardan ninguna relación con la preservación de COP, mas aún, estas dos formas de pensamiento se hallan en curso de colisión, ya que la segunda (COP) coarta a la primera (suma de Cesaro). Uno de los principales pilares de la teoría de sistemas corresponde al hecho indiscutible que el todo es más importante que la suma de sus partes aisladas, y que las relaciones internas del sistema, proveen información adicional relevante. Dado que la matriz de comparaciones a pares es un sistema interrelacionado y no una colección de juicios sueltos, nosotros planteamos mostrar que el vector propio, como un operador eminentemente sistémico, es el más adecuado para capturar y representar el comportamiento del sistema como un todo, incluyendo sus propiedades emergentes.