Resumen Transiciones exitosas hacia la sostenibilidad son cruciales para hacer frente a las diversas crisis en curso. Considerando el patrimonio biocultural, las costumbres y tradiciones locales, así como el entorno natural y la estética del paisaje, los contextos rurales muestran un gran potencial para promover el desarrollo sostenible y el crecimiento. El desarrollo sostenible de estos espacios favorece no sólo al ámbito local, sino también al desarrollo nacional y supranacional al fortalecer el crecimiento económico sostenible, reducir el desempleo y la pobreza, así como mejorar las condiciones de vida. En las discusiones sobre las transiciones hacia la sostenibilidad en contextos rurales, el emprendedurismo a escala local es constantemente considerado como un importante impulsor gracias a las actividades empresariales innovadoras que produce. Se ilustra el rol de los emprendimientos al comparar dos casos dentro del contexto rural costarricense, particularmente los cantones de Dota y Turrialba. Con este propósito, se ejemplifica cómo ambas regiones contribuyen al desarrollo rural sostenible basado en sus características geográficas, empresariales y colectivas. Específicamente, se investiga el papel de la mentalidad y las habilidades específicas de los emprendedores, su inserción en redes productores-consumidores, así como la influencia del contexto geográfico. Se extraen implicaciones en los diferentes niveles de análisis en términos de oportunidades de aprendizaje tanto para las regiones consideradas, como para el desarrollo suprarregional en un sentido más amplio. Se presenta el proyecto sCoRe como una iniciativa ejemplar diseñada para fomentar la colaboración entre emprendedores rurales e iniciativas académicas para mejorar las redes locales de productores y consumidores.

Resumo Transições bem-sucedidas para a sustentabilidade são cruciais para responder às crises atuais. Com um forte enfoque no patrimônio biocultural, costumes e tradições locais, além do meio ambiente natural e da estética da paisagem, as regiões rurais possuem um grande potencial para promover o desenvolvimento e o crescimento sustentáveis. O desenvolvimento sustentável dessas regiões rurais contribui ainda mais não apenas para o desenvolvimento local, mas também para o desenvolvimento nacional e supranacional, fortalecendo o crescimento econômico sustentável, aliviando o desemprego e a pobreza, e melhorando as condições de vida. Os empreendedores locais são continuamente incluídos nas discussões sobre as transições para a sustentabilidade em regiões rurais como um importante motor através de suas atividades empresariais inovadoras. Comparando duas regiões de exemplo dentro das áreas rurais da Costa Rica - as regiões de Dota e Turrialba - é ilustrado o papel desses empreendimentos. Para este fim, exemplificamos como ambas as regiões contribuem para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável com base em suas características geográficas, empreendedoras e coletivas. Especificamente, é investigado o papel da mentalidade e conjunto de habilidades específicas dos empreendedores, sua inserção em redes produtor-consumidor e o contexto geográfico abrangente. Implicações nos diferentes níveis de análise são extraídas em termos de oportunidades de aprendizado para ambas as regiões incluídas, bem como o desenvolvimento suprarregional em um sentido mais amplo. O projeto sCoRe é apresentado como uma iniciativa exemplar projetada para fomentar a colaboração entre empreendedores rurais e iniciativas acadêmicas para aprimorar as redes locais produtor-consumidor.

Abstract Successful sustainability transitions are crucial to answer to ongoing crises. Focusing strongly on biocultural heritage, local customs and traditions, as well as the natural environment and landscape aesthetics, rural regions have great potential to promote sustainable development and growth. This sustainable development of rural regions further contributes not only to local, but also to national and supranational development by strengthening sustainable economic growth, alleviating unemployment and poverty, and improving living conditions. Local entrepreneurs are continuously included in discussions on sustainability transitions in rural regions as an important driver through their innovative entrepreneurial activities. By comparing two example regions within rural areas of Costa Rica - the Dota and Turrialba region - the role of these entrepreneurial endeavors is illustrated. For this purpose, we exemplify how both regions contribute to rural, sustainable development based on their geographical, entrepreneurial, and collective characteristics. Specifically, the role of entrepreneurs’ specific mind- and skillset, their embeddedness in producer-consumer-networks and the encompassing geographical context is investigated. Implications on the different levels of analysis are drawn in terms of learning opportunities for both, the respective included regions, as well as supra-regional development in a broader sense. The sCoRe project is presented as an exemplary initiative designed to foster collaboration between rural entrepreneurs and academic initiatives to enhance local producer-consumer-networks.

Resumen Transiciones exitosas hacia la sostenibilidad son cruciales para hacer frente a las diversas crisis en curso. Considerando el patrimonio biocultural, las costumbres y tradiciones locales, así como el entorno natural y la estética del paisaje, los contextos rurales muestran un gran potencial para promover el desarrollo sostenible y el crecimiento. El desarrollo sostenible de estos espacios favorece no sólo al ámbito local, sino también al desarrollo nacional y supranacional al fortalecer el crecimiento económico sostenible, contribuye a reducir el desempleo y la pobreza, así como mejorar las condiciones de vida. En las discusiones sobre las transiciones hacia la sostenibilidad en contextos rurales, el emprendedurismo a escala local es constantemente considerado como un importante impulsor gracias a las actividades empresariales innovadoras que genera. Se ilustra dicho rol de los emprendimientos al comparar dos casos dentro del contexto rural costarricense, particularmente los cantones de Dota y Turrialba. Con este propósito, se ejemplifica cómo ambas regiones contribuyen al desarrollo rural sostenible basado en sus características geográficas, colectivas y de emprendimiento. Específicamente, se investiga el papel de la mentalidad y las habilidades específicas de los emprendedores, su inserción en redes productores-consumidores, así como la influencia del contexto geográfico. Se extraen implicaciones en los diferentes niveles de análisis en términos de oportunidades de aprendizaje tanto para las regiones consideradas, como para el desarrollo suprarregional en un sentido más amplio. Se presenta el proyecto sCoRe como una iniciativa ejemplar diseñada para fomentar la colaboración entre emprendedores rurales e iniciativas académicas para mejorar las redes locales de productores y consumidores y así contribuir al establecimiento de comunidades sostenibles.

Resumo Transições bem-sucedidas para a sustentabilidade são cruciais para responder às crises atuais. Com um forte enfoque no patrimônio biocultural, costumes e tradições locais, além do meio ambiente natural e da estética da paisagem, as regiões rurais possuem um grande potencial para promover o desenvolvimento e o crescimento sustentáveis. O desenvolvimento sustentável dessas regiões rurais contribui ainda mais não apenas para o desenvolvimento local, mas também para o desenvolvimento nacional e supranacional, fortalecendo o crescimento econômico sustentável, aliviando o desemprego e a pobreza, e melhorando as condições de vida. Os empreendedores locais são continuamente incluídos nas discussões sobre as transições para a sustentabilidade em regiões rurais como um importante motor através de suas atividades empresariais inovadoras. Comparando duas regiões de exemplo dentro das áreas rurais da Costa Rica - as regiões de Dota e Turrialba - é ilustrado o papel desses empreendimentos. Para este fim, exemplificamos como ambas as regiões contribuem para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável com base em suas características geográficas, empreendedoras e coletivas. Especificamente, é investigado o papel da mentalidade e conjunto de habilidades específicas dos empreendedores, sua inserção em redes produtor-consumidor e o contexto geográfico abrangente. Implicações nos diferentes níveis de análise são extraídas em termos de oportunidades de aprendizado para ambas as regiões incluídas, bem como o desenvolvimento suprarregional em um sentido mais amplo. O projeto sCoRe é apresentado como uma iniciativa exemplar projetada para fomentar a colaboração entre empreendedores rurais e iniciativas acadêmicas para aprimorar as redes locais produtor-consumidor.

Abstract Successful sustainability transitions are crucial to answer to ongoing crises. Focusing strongly on biocultural heritage, local customs, and traditions, as well as the natural environment and landscape aesthetics, rural regions have great potential to promote sustainable development and growth. This sustainable development of rural regions further contributes not only to local, but also to national and supranational development by strengthening sustainable economic growth, alleviating unemployment, and poverty, and improving living conditions. Local entrepreneurs are continuously included in discussions on sustainability transitions in rural regions as an important driver through their innovative entrepreneurial activities. By comparing two example regions within rural areas of Costa Rica - the Dota and Turrialba region - the role of these entrepreneurial endeavors is illustrated. For this purpose, we exemplify how both regions contribute to rural, sustainable development based on their geographical, entrepreneurial, and collective characteristics. Specifically, the role of entrepreneurs’ specific mind- and skillset, their embeddedness in producer-consumer-networks and the encompassing geographical context is investigated. Implications on the different levels of analysis are drawn in terms of learning opportunities for both, the respective included regions, as well as supra-regional development in a broader sense. The sCoRe project is presented as an exemplary initiative designed to foster collaboration between rural entrepreneurs and academic initiatives to enhance local producer-consumer-networks, and thus contribute to the establishment of sustainable communities.

There is widespread agreement that skills development is a vital dimension of the just energy transition (JET). Skills development for JET is rapidly emerging and involves complex inter-sectoral systems of skills development and new methods for demand analysis. Currently in South Africa, learning pathways into green jobs, enterprise development and more sustainable job options, including those required for JET at entry and technical levels, are unclear, ad hoc and fragmented. At best, we have fragmented offerings of courses and qualifications and few systemic approaches to skills analysis and development. There is also a narrow reliance on supply and demand discourses that are ill-fitting for the type of skills that need to be developed. Drawing on a group of regional and local studies focusing on skills supply and demand for JET, the paper analyses the responsiveness of skills systems, with specific focus on institutions and institutional arrangements that underpin skills planning and anticipation. The paper critiques the metaphor of 'supply' and 'demand', which, it argues, is the wrong lens, as it focuses attention on certain parts of the skills system dislocated from the broader conditions that they are imbedded in. We pose new methodological questions for engaged skills research that can enable a green and just future, and the systemic transformations that are needed to catalyse a low-carbon transition. SIGNIFICANCE: The research findings offer a critical reflection on the current approach to research focused on skills for the just energy transition. The review highlights the limitations of the dominant supply-demand approach of skills analysis, and we argue that it promotes a neoliberal, market-led discourse on skills that privileges industry and excludes the voices of communities and workers.

Resumen: Las políticas públicas y la respuesta efímera en las ciclovías ejecutadas dentro de la zona monumental de la ciudad Tacna-Perú, responden a una política internacional propuesta por los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible relacionados al ODS 11: Ciudades sostenibles, donde el gobierno nacional es el principal promotor de su ejecución en las zonas urbanas, esto para mejorar el ordenamiento y transitabilidad de vehículos no motorizados en tiempos de pandemia y pospandemia por Covid-19. El objetivo principal es determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los arquitectos colegiados de Tacna, relacionándolo con el aporte de las ciclovías de la zona monumental, e interpretar el paradigma efímero del uso eficiente impuesto en la ciudad. Se empleó el enfoque cuantitativo de nivel descriptivo aplicando una encuesta en escala de Likert, evaluando condiciones de los materiales, seguridad básica, funcionamiento institucional y resultados alcanzados. Se concluye que los niveles de aceptación en las cuatro dimensiones fueron bajos.

Abstract: Public policies and the transient response to cycle paths implemented within the monumental area of Tacna, Peru, align with an international policy proposed by the Sustainable Development Goals related to SDG 11: Sustainable cities; where the national government is the main promoter of its execution in urban areas, this initiative aims to enhance the organization and accessibility of non-motorized vehicles, particularly during the pandemic and the post-pandemic period caused by Covid-19. The main objective is to determine the level of satisfaction of the collegiate architects of Tacna, relating it to the contribution of the cycle paths in the monumental area and interpret the ephemeral paradigm of efficient use, imposed on the city. The study employs a quantitative approach at a descriptive level, utilizing a survey based on a Likert scale. The survey evaluates conditions such as materials, basic security, institutional functioning, and the achieved results. The findings indicate low levels of acceptance across all four dimensions low.

Abstract The United Nations (UN) has recently launched the Decade of the Ocean for Sustainable Development (from 2021 to 2030), of great importance for the development of marine sciences, and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 14 - Life below water. Despite being an initiative of the Small Islands Developing States - SIDS, at the UN Conference on Sustainable Development in 1992, the Blue Economy or Blue Growth is relevant for all coastal countries. This concept is associated with the concept of Global Ocean, as a single ocean without barriers, and the concept of Sustainable Development, which is based on three inseparable pillars: economic development, environmental protection, and social progress. This article will present the main issues related to the Blue Economy, from a biological and environmental perspective, such as the sustainable use of biodiversity, food security, unsustainable fisheries, climate change, marine and coastal tourism, pollution, and governance and international cooperation.

Resumo A Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) lançou recentemente a Década do Oceano para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, de 2021 a 2030, de grande importância para o desenvolvimento das ciências marinhas e a fim de alcançar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), em particular o ODS 14 - Proteger a vida marinha. Apesar de ter sido uma iniciativa dos Pequenos Países Insulares (Small Islands Developing States - SIDS), na Conferência da ONU sobre o Desenvolvimento Sustentável em 1992, a Economia Azul ou Crescimento Azul é relevante para todos os países costeiros. A este conceito associam-se o conceito de Oceano Global, como oceano único e sem barreiras que é, e o conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, baseado em três pilares indissociáveis: desenvolvimento económico, proteção ambiental e progresso social. Neste artigo são apresentadas as principais preocupações relacionadas com a Economia Azul, numa perspetiva biológica e ambiental, como sejam o uso sustentável da biodiversidade, a segurança alimentar, a sustentabilidade das pescas, as mudanças climáticas, o turismo marinho e costeiro, a poluição, e a governança e cooperação internacional.

Resumen El uso racional del recurso hídrico está plasmado como una meta global en los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS), lo cual trae múltiples beneficios a los diferentes actores involucrados en la gestión integral de los recursos hídricos. Los programas de uso eficiente y ahorro del agua (PUEAA) contemplan una serie de actividades y metas que tienen por propósito contribuir a la sostenibilidad del recurso hídrico; de ahí la importancia de hacer un seguimiento a través de indicadores de cumplimiento que permitan recopilar información, tanto de las empresas como de las autoridades ambientales, con relación a su gestión. En este artículo se analiza la aplicación de la Ley 373 de 1997, en lo que se refiere al seguimiento de los PUEAA, en el Departamento de Nariño, durante el periodo 2015 a 2018. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se realizó un inventario de los términos de referencia municipales de los proyectos formulados y ejecutados por las empresas de servicios públicos de agua (ESP). Se aplicaron indicadores de eficiencia y efectividad y se evaluaron los resultados con una matriz de cumplimiento. Los resultados mostraron que la línea estratégica de reducción de pérdidas presenta las deficiencias más significativas en la formulación y seguimiento de los PUEAA en el departamento (0% de cumplimiento). Mientras que la línea estratégica de educación y sensibilización ambiental para uso eficiente del agua presentó mejores resultados en sus indicadores (cumplimento mayor al 50%). Dentro de las conclusiones se tiene que, los bajos niveles observados en los indicadores están relacionados con la pérdida y falta de organización en la información de los expedientes de los PUEAA, tanto por la autoridad ambiental como por los usuarios (ESP), debido a la falta de conocimiento de los términos y exigencias de la Ley 373 de 1997.

Abstract. The rational use of water resources has been established as a global goal within the sustainable development goals (SDGs), offering numerous advantages to different stakeholders engaged in the comprehensive management of water resources. Water-use efficiency and conservation programs (PUEAAs, for their Spanish acronym) encompass a range of activities and objectives aimed at fostering the sustainability of water resources. Consequently, monitoring these programs through compliance indicators is of paramount importance, allowing data collection from companies and environmental authorities concerning their administration. This paper examines the implementation of the Law 373 of 1997, specifically focusing on the oversight of the PUEAA at the Department of Nariño from 2015 to 2018. For this purpose, an inventory of municipal terms of reference was compiled for projects developed and executed by water utility companies (ESPs, for their Spanish acronym). In addition, efficiency and effectiveness indicators were employed, and the indicators outcomes were assessed using a compliance matrix. The results indicated that the strategic initiative to reduce losses exhibited the most notable shortcomings in terms of the formulation and oversight of PUEAA within the department (0% compliance). Conversely, another strategic approach to educate and develop environmental awareness regarding the efficient use of water showcased more favorable outcomes in terms of its indicators (compliance exceeding 50%). In conclusion, it is evident that the deficient levels in the indicators stem from the mismanagement and disorganization of PUEAA records, on the part of the environmental authority and users (ESP). This deficiency is attributed to a lack of familiarity with the terms and stipulations outlined in the Law 373 of 1997.

Resumo El turismo es una actividad que genera ingresos y que da soporte a las comunidades rurales para que puedan generar ingresos dentro de los parámetros sostenibles, sin embargo, con la pandemia producida por el COVID 19, los impactos han sido devastadores para el sector y las comunidades. No obstante, con una gobernanza capaz de asegurar las condiciones de interacción entre los diversos actores, el proceso de reestructuración del sector debería presentar mejores expectativas. Ante ello, se plantearon como objetivo general del presente artículo analizar las experiencias sobre la gobernanza turística, mientras que los específicos fueron el analizar los diseños metodológicos y las premisas teóricas propuestas de los artículos. Para lograrlo, se planteó una metodología cualitativa, utilizando análisis de contenido, en el que luego de depurar las bases de datos, y usando la metodología Prisma, se procesaron 17 artículos. Llegando a la conclusión de que la gobernanza es entendida un proceso dinámico en la cual interactúan varios elementos teniendo como actores a la sociedad civil, empresa privada y la comunidad, siendo las autoridades las que deben velar porque dicho espacio de interacción se realice con la mayor transparencia.

Abstract Tourism is an income-generating activity that helps rural communities generate income within sustainable parameters, but with the COVID-19 pandemic, the impacts were devastating for the sector and the communities. However, with governance capable of ensuring conditions for interaction among the various actors, the process of restructuring the sector should have better prospects. Therefore, the general objective of this article was to analyze tourism governance experiences, while the specific objectives were to analyze the methodological designs and theoretical premises proposed in the articles. To this end, a qualitative methodology was used, through content analysis, in which, after purifying the databases and using the Prisma methodology, 17 articles were processed. The conclusion reached was that governance is understood as a dynamic process in which various elements interact, with civil society, private initiative and the community as actors, and that the authorities must ensure that this space for interaction is as transparent as possible.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: By including advertisements in VLEs, both academically and commercially, HEIs can potentially reduce the significant financial costs associated with the implementation, utilisation and maintenance required for their chosen VLEs, without decreasing the value of the service provided, while simultaneously providing a source of long-term sustainable revenue for HEIs. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to determine whether gender differences exist among students' attitudes towards the use of a VLE with the presence of advertisements at a South African university of technology DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The sampling frame for this study comprised a public registered South African university of technology. A non-probability convenience sample of 379 students was used. A hand-delivered, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to full-time students during class time at the chosen HEI FINDINGS: There was a statistically significant difference found between male and female students at the chosen South African university of technology in terms of the perceived usefulness of VLEs. There is no statistically significant difference between male and female students' self-efficacy, technology experience, satisfaction, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes towards the use of a vLe without the presence of advertisements and attitudes towards the use of a VLE with the presence of advertisements RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: Not only do VLEs, being web-based, provide a means for HEIs to generate long-term revenue, but they have the capacity to become open digital platforms for marketers to take advantage of. With the use of these VLEs, marketers may find it easier to reach their target audiences in a more focused approach when placing advertisements on this platform, while HEIs can use the income generated to cover the cost of any technological advancements that may be required, without having to increase student fees MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The management of HEIs need to decide if they would like to consider this means of revenue generation and see if it will indeed be as beneficial as what the theory suggests. In order to avoid any potential financial risks associated with the implementation of advertisements on VLEs, HEIs can engage in trial run projects with a willing organisation to analyse the viability of this proposed initiative JEL CLASSIFICATION: M31, M37

ABSTRACT Objectives. This paper describes and analyzes embedded implementation research and the empirical processes of planning for utilization, strategies to promote utilization and the sustainability of utilization of results from research led by decision-makers in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. This qualitative, descriptive and interpretive study is based on the findings from semistructured interviews with members of teams working under the Embedding Research for the Sustainable Development Goals initiative (2018–2019) as well as their responses to a self-assessment follow-up questionnaire 1 year after the project was completed. Results. Altogether 13 teams from 11 countries participated in the Initiative. Nine teams had a core team composed of a decision-maker as the principal investigator assisted by a researcher as co-principal investigator. Four teams included more than one co-principal investigator; and in five teams, the originally assigned principal investigator was replaced. There was an interesting relationship between the expected utilization of research results, the utilization strategies, the sustainability of research uptake and the teams’ collaboration modalities. When decision-makers and co-principal investigators were active participants, the intention to use the results and strategies for utilization were clearly oriented to improve implementation. In teams with basically a formal collaboration between the two principals, plans for utilization were unclear or focused on producing academic knowledge. The participation of implementers below the rank of principal investigator decision-maker may be relevant. Conclusions. Embedded implementation research is an innovative tool that may foster the utilization of research and strengthen health programs and services. Considering the internal dynamics of such research teams will enhance planning and strategies for research utilization as well as the sustainability of practical and actionable findings.

RESUMEN Objetivos. En este artículo se describe y analiza la incorporación de la investigación sobre implementación y los procesos empíricos de planificación de su utilización, las estrategias para promoverla y la sostenibilidad de la utilización de los resultados de la investigación dirigida por los responsables de la toma de decisiones en América Latina y el Caribe. Métodos. Este estudio cualitativo, descriptivo e interpretativo se basa en los resultados de entrevistas semiestructuradas a miembros de equipos que trabajan en el marco de la iniciativa Incorporación de la investigación para avanzar en el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (2018-2019), así como en sus respuestas a un cuestionario de autoevaluación de seguimiento un año después de la finalización del proyecto. Resultados. En la iniciativa participaron un total de 13 equipos de 11 países. Nueve equipos disponían de un equipo central formado por un responsable de la toma de decisiones como investigador principal, que contaba con la colaboración de un investigador como coinvestigador principal. Cuatro equipos tenían más de un coinvestigador principal, y en cinco equipos se sustituyó al investigador principal asignado inicialmente. Se observó una relación interesante entre la utilización prevista de los resultados de la investigación, las estrategias de utilización, la sostenibilidad de la adopción de la investigación y las modalidades de colaboración de los equipos. Cuando había una participación activa de los responsables de la toma de decisiones y los coinvestigadores principales, el objetivo del uso de los resultados y las estrategias de utilización estaban claramente orientados a la mejora de su implementación. En los equipos en los que había una colaboración básicamente formal entre los dos directores, los planes de utilización no eran claros o se centraban en la producción de conocimiento académico. La participación de responsables de la puesta en práctica con cargos inferiores a los de investigador principal con capacidad de decisión puede ser un factor de interés. Conclusiones. La incorporación de la investigación sobre implementación es una herramienta innovadora que puede fomentar la utilización de la investigación y fortalecer los programas y servicios de salud. La consideración de la dinámica interna de estos equipos de investigación mejorará la planificación y las estrategias para su utilización, así como la sostenibilidad de los resultados prácticos y aplicables.

RESUMO Objetivos. Este artigo descreve e analisa a pesquisa com implementação incorporada e processos empíricos de planejamento da aplicação, estratégias de promoção do uso e sustentabilidade da utilização dos resultados de pesquisas lideradas por tomadores de decisão da América Latina e do Caribe. Métodos. Este estudo qualitativo, descritivo e interpretativo baseia-se nos achados de entrevistas semiestruturadas com membros de equipes que trabalharam no âmbito da iniciativa “Incorporação de Pesquisas para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável” (2018–2019), além de suas respostas a um questionário de autoavaliação aplicado um ano após a conclusão do projeto. Resultados. Treze equipes de 11 países participaram da iniciativa. Nove equipes contavam com uma equipe central composta por um tomador de decisão como investigador principal, auxiliado por um pesquisador como coinvestigador principal. Quatro equipes incluíram mais de um coinvestigador principal; e cinco equipes substituíram o investigador principal designado inicialmente. Houve uma relação interessante entre a aplicação esperada dos resultados da pesquisa, as estratégias de uso, a sustentabilidade da adoção da pesquisa e as modalidades de colaboração das equipes. Quando os tomadores de decisão e os coinvestigadores principais eram participantes ativos, a intenção de usar os resultados e as estratégias de utilização estavam claramente orientadas para o aprimoramento da implementação. Nas equipes em que a colaboração entre os dois investigadores principais era basicamente uma formalidade, os planos de utilização não estavam claros ou se concentravam na produção de conhecimento acadêmico. A participação de implementadores abaixo da posição de tomador de decisão do pesquisador principal pode ser importante. Conclusões. A pesquisa com implementação incorporada é uma ferramenta inovadora que pode promover a aplicação das pesquisas e fortalecer os programas e serviços de saúde. Levar em conta a dinâmica interna dessas equipes de pesquisa aprimorará o planejamento e as estratégias de utilização da pesquisa, bem como a sustentabilidade de achados práticos e implementáveis.

BACKGROUND: Palliative care (PC) is a priority in South Africa, focussing on integrating PC into primary health care. Few examples exist showing how this is done. In 2018, a rural PC project was implemented, which subsequently evolved into an integrated service between the hospital and the community AIM: The aim was to review the PC project over 4 years SETTING: The setting was the George subdistrict of the Garden Route district in South Africa. Community-based services were offered to all patients with PC needs by three non-governmental organisations who deliver home community-based care via community health workers. They were supplemented by primary health care clinics, an intermediate care facility and two hospitals METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study. Inpatient ward round data and patient referrals between 2018 and 2022 were analysed using descriptive statistics. Variables included patient demographics, diagnosis, home visits and place of death RESULTS: A total of 819 patients were referred. Inpatients were reviewed on weekly ward rounds by a multidisciplinary team. The most common diagnosis was cancer (57%). Home visits enabled patient follow-ups, of which 152 were recorded CONCLUSION: The programme has become sustainable and integrated in the public healthcare system. Contributing factors included dedicated staff, using simple tools and continuous training. The findings may be useful to PC programmes in similar contexts elsewhere CONTRIBUTION: This work adds new knowledge to the field of PC in an underresourced rural healthcare environment in sub-Saharan Africa, by describing how system-wide integration of a new service was navigated to become sustainable

Resumo Considerando as capacidades do setor cooperativo na organização da população rural, focando principalmente na capacitação de mão de obra e na adoção de uma abordagem sustentável para os recursos básicos (água e solo), a iniciativa de cooperativa de aldeia surgiu como um novo conceito ao registrar e formar 4.565 novas cooperativas nas regiões rurais do Irã. A presente pesquisa, que foi conduzida em duas fases qualitativas e quantitativas, projetou um novo modelo integrando a nova abordagem cooperativa de aldeia junto com a teoria da estrutura de subsistência sustentável. A amostra do estudo da fase qualitativa incluiu 32 teóricos da iniciativa vila-cooperativa. Para analisar os dados, a teoria fundamentada e o processo de três etapas de codificação aberta, codificação axial e codificação seletiva foram usados o software MAXqda18. Finalmente, um modelo de paradigma foi desenhado, cujos componentes mais importantes incluíam condições causais (choques e condições sazonais), condições contextuais (tendências e apoio governamental), condições intervenientes (controle e desenvolvimento de mercado), categorias centrais (subsistência sustentável com uma abordagem cooperativa de aldeia), estratégias (enfrentamento e adaptação) e consequências (criação de empregos, estabelecimento de cooperativas, apoio à agricultura inteligente e fortalecimento do capital social). A população da fase quantitativa estatística consistiu de cooperados na iniciativa vila-cooperativa (N = 405), sendo selecionados através da fórmula de Cochran com método de amostragem proporcional totalizando 198 pessoas de cinco províncias. A ferramenta de coleta de dados foi um questionário elaborado pelo pesquisador cuja validade e confiabilidade foram confirmadas. A modelagem de equações estruturais bayesianas foi utilizada para analisar os dados. Os resultados da fase quantitativa da pesquisa mostraram que as variáveis de capital financeiro, capital físico, capital social, estratégias de enfrentamento e adaptação, capital humano e capital natural foram as variáveis mais eficazes na subsistência sustentável dos membros da iniciativa cooperativa de aldeia, respectivamente. Finalmente, um modelo híbrido baseado nos estudos qualitativos e quantitativos foi desenhado e sugestões foram feitas; por exemplo, a criação de terrenos adequados para atividades não agrícolas, como indústrias rurais e ecoturismo. rural água solo, solo , solo) 4565 4 565 4.56 Irã quantitativas 3 vilacooperativa. vilacooperativa vila cooperativa. aberta MAXqda18 MAXqda Finalmente choques sazonais, sazonais sazonais) tendências governamental, governamental governamental) controle mercado, mercado mercado) aldeia) adaptação empregos social. social . social) N 405, 405 405) 19 províncias confirmadas financeiro físico respectivamente feitas exemplo agrícolas ecoturismo 456 56 4.5 MAXqda1 40 1 45 5 4.

Abstract Considering the cooperative sector capabilities in organizing rural people, primarily focusing on empowering manpower and adopting a sustainable approach to basic resources (water and soil), village-cooperative initiative has emerged as a new concept by registering and forming 4565 new cooperatives in Iran’s rural regions. The present research which was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative phases designed a new model by integrating the new village-cooperative approach along with the sustainable livelihood’s framework theory. The study sample of the qualitative phase included 32 theorists of the village-cooperative initiative. To analyze the data, the grounded theory and three-step process of open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used using MAXqda18 software. Finally, a paradigm model was designed whose most important components included causal conditions (shocks and seasonal conditions), contextual conditions (trends and governmental support), intervening conditions (control and market development), central categories (sustainable livelihoods with a village- cooperative approach), strategies (coping and adaptation) and consequences (creating jobs, establishing cooperatives, supporting smart agriculture and strengthening social capital). The statistical quantitative phase population consisted of cooperatives members in the village-cooperative initiative (N=405), being selected through Cochran's formula with proportional sampling method summing up to198 people from 5 provinces. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The Bayesian structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results of the research quantitative phase showed that the variables of financial capital, physical capital, social capital, coping and adaptation strategies, human capital and natural capital were the most effective variables on village-cooperative initiative members’ sustainable livelihoods, respectively. Finally, a hybrid model based on the qualitative and quantitative studies was designed and suggestions were made; for instance, the creation of suitable grounds for off-farm activities such as rural industries and ecotourism. water soil, soil , soil) villagecooperative village 456 Irans Iran s regions livelihood 3 threestep three step MAXqda MAXqda1 software Finally shocks conditions, conditions) trends support, support support) control development, development development) approach, approach) creating jobs capital. . capital) N=405, N405 N N=405 405 (N=405) Cochrans Cochran to19 provinces researchermade researcher made confirmed respectively instance offfarm off farm ecotourism 45 N40 N=40 40 (N=405 to1 4 N4 N=4 (N=40 N= (N=4 (N= (N

PURPOSE: The study aims at establishing the level of interest in the green bond market by investors and specific factors that influence stakeholders' investment decisions in South Africa. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The primary data was collected through interviews leveraging survey questions from the Climate Bond Initiative survey and a thematic analysis conducted. Stakeholders involved in green bonds listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange were targeted. FINDINGS/RESULTS: Most respondents recognised green bonds as a critical enabler to support South Arica's energy transition and the clarity on South Africa's energy plan will catalyse investment. The study revealed a consensus for the application of strict definitions and standards for green bonds, whilst consideration should be given for leniency to increase issuances as the market matures. A barrier that was highlighted, was the slow development of a pipeline of large-scale projects. Majority of respondents indicated that beyond credit fundamentals; full or partial guarantees, subsidies and incentives will be most important in stimulating the development of the market. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: There is strong potential to grow, as investors prefer green bonds with strong returns and green credentials. Incentives such as high tax rates for investments in fossil fuels, once-off incentives for new issuers such as anchor capital or subsidies to carry reporting cost can catalyse this growth. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study surfaces the underlying dynamics that contribute to the growth and development of the green bond market in South Africa that largely align with that of European and Asian markets. This presents an opportunity to explore strategies that could be translated to grow the bond market.

ORIENTATION: This study critically evaluates the Green Campus Initiative's (GCI) efficacy in promoting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within universities, noting limited contributions despite attention. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The investigation aims to identify and address challenges hindering GCI implementation in universities. The study recognizes GCI's pivotal role in mitigating environmental degradation and global warming, impacting economic growth MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: The motivation stems from the urgent need to combat environmental challenges, prompting a thorough examination of GCI's effectiveness in universities to devise solutions for sustainable development. RESEARCH DESIGN: Employing a qualitative research design, the study analyzes GCI challenges in higher education. Purposive sampling selects 61 participants from a GCI membership of 150, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the issues. APPROACH AND METHOD: This research study employed a qualitative research approach, utilising purposive sampling to select respondents who met specific criteria. The study included 61 participants who met the inclusion criteria out of a population of 150 GCI members. MAIN FINDINGS: The research highlights GCI challenges, encompassing staff shortages, limited resources, inadequate equipment, organizational gaps, and insufficient working spaces. Recommendations emphasize transformative measures and innovative solutions to address these impediments. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Addressing GCI challenges is imperative for successful sustainable development strategies in universities. Practical solutions are essential to overcome resource constraints, fostering an environment conducive to GCI effectiveness. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This study not only provides practical evidence for GCI implementation in higher education but also contributes to existing literature by identifying and analyzing challenges within universities. Moreover, it presents recommendations for financial regenerating strategies to augment GCI's impact on sustainable development, enriching scholarly discourse in the field.

BACKGROUND: Entrepreneurship is an important driving force for economic development in emerging economies, traditionally driven by ineffective top-down approaches. A recent bottom-up approach incorporating personal initiative (PI) into action-based interventions offered a more sustainable way to stimulate African entrepreneurial growth. AIM: The study is interested in how these interventions work during training, for whom and in what way. Therefore, a deduced programme theory was constructed from literature and was empirically evaluated. SETTING: The investigation focussed on rural communities in the Mopani region of South Africa near Polokwane and Tzaneen in Limpopo province. Two large central hubs characterise these areas, with several rural villages scattered around them. METHODS: A multiple case study strategy cast in a realist evaluation design was used to investigate two interventions consisting of female entrepreneurs to produce qualitative data that were analysed inductively to make sense of change and the learning in these interventions. Entrepreneurs were selected through case selection, and trustworthiness in the data was established by focussing on post hoc and verification strategies during and after the research process. RESULTS: The findings produced valuable insights visually presented in analytical frameworks that show adjustments to the PI deduced programme theory. CONCLUSION: On an individual level, it showed how unique attitudes guide action-formation, situational and transformational mechanisms that support outcome patterns in the context of these interventions. CONTRIBUTION: Three propositions were developed to be tested in future studies to continue discussing entrepreneurs and their learning behaviours to increase entrepreneurial action and nurture the entrepreneurial mindset.

Abstract The Ecological Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Services for Biodiversity (ICMS-E) was created in 1991 as an initiative of the government of Paraná State. It is an important public policy instrument for the preservation of biodiversity in small municipalities that house Conservation Units. The aim of this article was to analyze whether resources from the ICMS-E, added to municipal tax revenues, improve sustainable development over time. As part of the methodological procedures, a descriptive-comparative analysis was conducted between municipalities that receive and do not receive ICMS-E. For this purpose, a sampling of the 399 municipalities that comprise Paraná State was conducted, involving 193 municipalities with a population of up to 50,000 inhabitants. The comparative analysis was based on the definition of two study groups, each constituted by 76 municipalities: one called the ICMS-E Recipient Group, municipalities that receive the ecological tax; and the Control Group, composed of those that do not receive it. The main results indicate that 19.80% of the municipalities are concentrated in the North Central mesoregion, while the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba is home to 33.45% of the population of Paraná. In relation to population loss, this factor represents 44.73% in the ICMS-E Recipient Group, while in the Control Group this number is 34.21%. In relation to the Environmental Management Function, 60.53% of the municipalities in the Recipient Group applied up to 75% of this tax to this function. It was concluded that the ICMS-E is an important incentive for the preservation of biodiversity and represents a significant increase in resources for the local governments of small municipalities. ICMSE ICMS E (ICMS-E 199 Units ICMSE, E, revenues time procedures descriptivecomparative descriptive ICMSE. E. purpose 39 19 50000 50 000 50,00 inhabitants groups 7 it 1980 80 19.80 mesoregion 3345 33 45 33.45 loss 4473 44 73 44.73 3421 34 21 34.21% Function 6053 60 53 60.53 75 function 3 1 5000 5 00 50,0 198 8 19.8 334 4 33.4 447 44.7 342 2 34.21 605 6 60.5 500 0 50, 19. 33. 44. 34.2 60. 34.

Resumo O Imposto sobre a Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços por Biodiversidade (ICMS-E) foi criado em 1991 por iniciativa do governo do Estado do Paraná, o qual representa um importante instrumento de política pública para a preservação da Biodiversidade em pequenas cidades que abrigam Unidades de Conservação em seu território. Desta forma, o objetivo do artigo consistiu em analisar se os recursos provenientes do ICMS-Ecológico agregado às Receitas Tributárias dos Municípios incrementam o Desenvolvimento Sustentável ao longo do tempo. Como parte dos procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizada uma análise descritiva-comparativa entre os municípios que recebem e não recebem o ICMS-E. Para isto, realizou-se uma amostragem dos 399 municípios que compõem o Estado do Paraná, envolvendo 193 cidades com população de até 50.000 habitantes. A análise comparativa foi desenvolvida a partir da definição de dois grupos de estudo, um denominado Grupo Recebedores de ICMS-E formado por 76 municípios, que recebem o imposto ecológico, e o Grupo de Controle, composto por aqueles que não recebem o ICMS-E, com o mesmo quantitativo. Os principais resultados apontam que a mesorregião Norte Central concentra 19,80% dos municípios, enquanto a Região Metropolitana de Curitiba abriga 33,45% da população do Paraná. Em relação à perda populacional, esse fator representa 44,73% sobre o Grupo Recebedores de ICMS-E, enquanto no Grupo de Controle esse número é de 34,21%. Em relação à Função Gestão Ambiental, 60,53% dos municípios do Grupo Recebedores de ICMS-Ecológico aplicaram até 75% desse imposto nessa função. Concluiu-se que o ICMS-E é um importante incentivo à preservação da Biodiversidade e representa um significativo aumento de recursos para o governo loca de pequenos municípios. ICMSE ICMS E (ICMS-E 199 Paraná território forma ICMSEcológico Ecológico tempo metodológicos descritivacomparativa descritiva ICMSE. E. isto realizouse realizou 39 19 50000 50 000 50.00 habitantes estudo 7 ecológico ICMSE, E, quantitativo 1980 80 19,80 3345 33 45 33,45 populacional 4473 44 73 44,73 3421 34 21 34,21% Ambiental 6053 60 53 60,53 75 função Concluiuse Concluiu 3 1 5000 5 00 50.0 198 8 19,8 334 4 33,4 447 44,7 342 2 34,21 605 6 60,5 500 0 50. 19, 33, 44, 34,2 60, 34,