Abstract Renal involvement is one of the most severe morbidities of Fabry disease (FD), a multisystemic lysosomal storage disease with an X-linked inheritance pattern. It results from pathogenic variants in the GLA gene (Xq22.2), which encodes the production of alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal), responsible for glycosphingolipid metabolism. Insufficient activity of this lysosomal enzyme generates deposits of unprocessed intermediate substrates, especially globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and derivatives, triggering cellular injury and subsequently, multiple organ dysfunction, including chronic nephropathy. Kidney injury in FD is classically attributed to Gb3 deposits in renal cells, with podocytes being the main target of the pathological process, in which structural and functional alterations are established early and severely. This configures a typical hereditary metabolic podocytopathy, whose clinical manifestations are proteinuria and progressive renal failure. Although late clinical outcomes and morphological changes are well established in this nephropathy, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and accelerate podocyte injury have not yet been fully elucidated. Podocytes are highly specialized and differentiated cells that cover the outer surface of glomerular capillaries, playing a crucial role in preserving the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. They are frequent targets of injury in many nephropathies. Furthermore, dysfunction and depletion of glomerular podocytes are essential events implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease progression. We will review the biology of podocytes and their crucial role in regulating the glomerular filtration barrier, analyzing the main pathogenic pathways involved in podocyte injury, especially related to FD nephropathy. FD, , (FD) Xlinked X linked pattern Xq22.2, Xq222 Xq Xq22.2 Xq22 2 (Xq22.2) alphagalactosidase alpha galactosidase αGal, αGal α Gal (α-Gal) metabolism substrates Gb (Gb3 derivatives subsequently nephropathy process severely podocytopathy failure elucidated capillaries barrier nephropathies Furthermore progression (FD Xq22. Xq2 (Xq22.2 (α-Gal (Gb (Xq22. (Xq22 (Xq2 (Xq

Resumo O acometimento renal é uma das mais severas morbidades da doença de Fabry (DF), enfermidade multissistêmica de depósito lisossômico com padrão de herança ligada ao cromossomo X, decorrente de variantes patogênicas do gene GLA (Xq22.2), que codifica a produção de alfa-galactosidase A (α-Gal), responsável pelo metabolismo de glicoesfingolipídeos. A atividade insuficiente dessa enzima lisossômica gera depósitos de substratos intermediários não processados, especialmente do globotriaosilceramida (Gb3) e derivados, desencadeando injúria celular e, posteriormente, disfunção de múltiplos órgãos, incluindo a nefropatia crônica. A lesão renal na DF é classicamente atribuída aos depósitos de Gb3 nas células renais, sendo os podócitos o alvo principal do processo patológico, nos quais as alterações estruturais e funcionais são instaladas de forma precoce e severa, configurando uma podocitopatia metabólica hereditária típica, cujas manifestações clínicas são proteinúria e falência renal progressiva. Embora os desfechos clínicos tardios e as alterações morfológicas estejam bem estabelecidos nessa nefropatia, os mecanismos moleculares que deflagram e aceleram a injúria podocitária ainda não estão completamente elucidados. Podócitos são células altamente especializadas e diferenciadas que revestem a superfície externa dos capilares glomerulares, desempenhando papel essencial na preservação da estrutura e função da barreira de filtração glomerular, sendo alvos frequentes de injúria em muitas nefropatias. A disfunção e depleção dos podócitos glomerulares são, além disso, eventos cruciais implicados na patogênese da progressão da doença renal crônica. Revisaremos a biologia dos podócitos e seu papel na regulação da barreira de filtração glomerular, analisando as principais vias patogênicas envolvidas na lesão podocitária, especialmente relacionadas à nefropatia da DF. DF, , (DF) X Xq22.2, Xq222 Xq Xq22.2 Xq22 2 (Xq22.2) alfagalactosidase alfa galactosidase αGal, αGal α Gal (α-Gal) glicoesfingolipídeos processados Gb (Gb3 derivados posteriormente órgãos crônica renais patológico severa típica progressiva elucidados glomerular nefropatias disso (DF Xq22. Xq2 (Xq22.2 (α-Gal (Gb (Xq22. (Xq22 (Xq2 (Xq

Resumo Objetivo Para entender a distribuição das espécies de peixes e seu uso do habitat, uma série de variáveis ambientais foi avaliada como preditoras da composição e riqueza de assembleias de peixes em sistemas aquáticos semiáridos tropicais. Métodos Nós avaliamos a composição de espécies de peixes em sistemas aquáticos semiáridos e estabelecemos seu grau de associação com a estrutura do habitat aquático. Os locais amostrados consistiram em trechos de riachos temporários com fluxo de água superficial, poças temporárias isoladas e reservatórios artificiais. A amostragem de peixes foi realizada em quatro ocasiões durante as estações úmida (abril e junho de 2006) e seca (setembro e dezembro de 2006). A correlação entre riqueza e abundância com a estrutura do habitat foi avaliada utilizando regressão múltipla. Os padrões de variação na composição da comunidade de peixes entre os locais foram avaliados utilizando Escalonamento Multidimensional Não-Métrico, e a Análise de Espécies Indicadoras foi utilizada para determinar quais espécies eram indicadoras significativas dos locais. Para estabelecer correlações multivariadas e testar a hipótese de que a composição local de peixes está associada às variáveis ambientais, utilizamos uma Análise de Correspondência Canônica. Resultados A regressão múltipla mostrou que as variáveis morfométricas, largura do trecho do riacho, comprimento do riacho e elevação explicaram 75,6% da variação na riqueza de peixes. A cobertura de macrófitas e a vegetação marginal adicionaram ao poder preditivo do modelo da equação, onde o modelo final explicou 86,9% da variação na riqueza de peixes. A Análise de Correspondência Canônica mostrou uma relação significativa entre os dados de composição de peixes e a morfologia dos locais amostrados (altitude, inclinação da margem e profundidade litorânea). Dentre as variáveis de qualidade da água, composição do habitat e substrato, a temperatura, areia e cascalho apresentaram maior correlação com os eixos da CCA. Conclusões Esses resultados indicaram que as comunidades de peixes assumiram diferentes estruturas e composições nos diferentes tipos de habitat de acordo com a heterogeneidade ambiental em sistemas aquáticos de regiões secas. tropicais aquático superficial artificiais abril 2006 setembro 2006. . NãoMétrico, NãoMétrico Não Métrico, Métrico Não-Métrico morfométricas 756 75 6 75,6 equação 869 86 9 86,9 altitude, altitude (altitude litorânea. litorânea litorânea) substrato temperatura CCA secas 200 7 75, 8 86, 20 2

Abstract Aim To understand the distribution of fish species and their use of habitat, a range of environmental variables were evaluated as predictors of fish assemblage composition and richness in tropical semiarid aquatic systems. Methods We surveyed the species composition of fish assemblages in semiarid aquatic systems and established their degree of association with the structure of the aquatic habitat. Sites consisted of stream reaches with surface water flow, isolated temporary pools, and man-made reservoirs. Fish sampling was conducted on four occasions during the wet (April and June 2006) and dry seasons (September and December 2006). The correlation between richness and abundance with the habitat structure was evaluated using stepwise multiple regression. Patterns of variation in fish assemblage composition across sites were evaluated using Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling, and the Indicator Species Analysis was used to determine which species were significant indicators of sites. To establish multivariate correlations and test the hypothesis of local fish composition being associated with the environmental variables we used a Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Results Morphometric variables, stream reach width, stream length and elevation explained 75.6% of the variation in fish richness. Macrophyte cover and overhanging vegetation added to the predictive power of the model equation, where the final model explained 86.9% of the variation in fish richness. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed a significant relationship between fish composition data and site morphology (altitude, bank slope and littoral depth). Among the water quality, habitat composition and substrate variables, temperature, sand, and gravel showed higher correlation with the CCA axes. Conclusions These results indicated that fish communities assume different structures and compositions across different habitat types following the environmental heterogeneity in dryland aquatic systems. flow pools manmade man made reservoirs April 2006 September 2006. . regression Scaling width 756 75 6 75.6 equation 869 86 9 86.9 altitude, altitude (altitude depth. depth depth) quality temperature sand axes 200 7 75. 8 86. 20 2

Abstract In this contribution, we propose a new plasmonic configuration that can be functionalized in two wavelength regimes to generate a single interface mode or multiple interface modes. The structure comprises a negative metamaterial or Left-Handed Material (LHM) coated on 2S2G-glass prism and adjacent with a sensing medium. According to the results, the negative metamaterial thickness affects significantly the potential of the structure to operate as conventional plasmonic structured formed by Fabry-Perot cavities. Additionally, we, also show that the structure can be used as a plasmonic refractive index sensor defined in the range of 1 to 1.53 refractive index unit (RIU) where the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the SPR curve on the characteristic’s manipulation such that FWHM of p-reflectivity decreases for thick LHM layer. To understand the obtained results, the optical response from the proposed waveguide was numerically predicted by the use of the transfer matrix method (TMM) and Fresnel’s theory. In addition, the potentials of the designed waveguide as an optical modulator and Fabry-Perot interferometer are also presented.

We present herein the occurrence and distribution of the heterotrophic straminipiles collected from soil and water, submerged leaves and surface sediment from freshwater bodies at “Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação Juréia-Itatins”, a preserved conservation unit of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. From 180 collected samples, we isolated 41 taxa belonging to Hyphochytriomycota and Oomycota using the multiple baiting technique, with several new taxa to the science, new occurrences to São Paulo State or Brazil, and all new citation to the studied area. These taxa were identified based on morphological and/or molecular data, with several genic regions made available in GenBank. The calculated community structure of these zoosporic organisms showed a diverse community, with few dominant taxa, without significant differences (P≤0.05) among the different types of samples.

Apresentamos aqui a ocorrência e a distribuição dos estramenópilos heterotróficos coletados de solo, e de água, folhas submersas e sedimento superficial de corpos de água doce no “Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação Juréia-Itatins”, uma unidade de conservação preservada de Mata Atlântica brasileira. Das 180 amostras coletadas, isolamos 41 táxons pertencentes aos filos Hyphochytriomycota e Oomycota, usando a técnica de iscagem múltipla, com vários deles novos táxons para a ciência, novas ocorrências para o estado de São Paulo ou Brasil, e todos primeira ocorrência para o local estudado. Os táxons foram identificados com base em dados morfológicos e/ou moleculares, com várias regiões gênicas disponibilizadas no GenBank. O cálculo da estrutura da comunidade mostrou uma comunidade diversa, com poucos táxons dominantes, sem diferença significativa (P≤0.05) entre os diferentes tipos de amostras.

SUMMARY: Respiration and water-liquid transportation are controlled by many factors in the lung. The aim of this study was to explore the structure and proteins expression in lungs of Phrynocephalus vlangalii by means of gross anatomy, light microscope observation, scanning electron microscope and immunohistochemistry. Results show that there were many alveoli in the lung and the walls of alveoli and capillaries were very thin. The inner surface of the lung was divided into many cystic chambers by reticular diaphragm, and the network of pulmonary capillaries was dense. Immunohistochemistry showed that AQP1 was mainly expressed in the epithelium of interstitial bronchi, parabronchiole endothelium, capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelial cells. VIP positive nerve fibers are mainly distributed in trachea, bronchial smooth muscle layer, the walls of pulmonary vessels and bronchial vessels and around submucosal glands. CECR2 is distributed in peripheral capillaries and small. Investigations of structure and proteins biology could be relevant with the adaptive strategy to drought and hypoxia environment in Phrynocephalus vlangalii.

RESUMEN: La respiración y el transporte de agua y líquido están controlados en el pulmón por muchos factores. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la estructura y la expresión de proteínas en los pulmones de Phrynocephalus vlangalii por medio de la anatomía macroscópica, observación con microscopio óptico, microscopio electrónico de barrido e inmunohistoquímica. Los resultados muestran que había muchos alvéolos en el pulmón y que las paredes de los alvéolos y de los capilares eran muy delgadas. La superficie interna del pulmón estaba dividida en cámaras quísticas por el diafragma reticular y se observó una densa red de capilares pulmonares. La inmunohistoquímica mostró que AQP1 se expresaba principalmente en el epitelio de los bronquios intersticiales, el endotelio parabronquial, el endotelio capilar y las células epiteliales alveolares. Las fibras nerviosas VIP positivas se distribuyen principalmente en la tráquea, la capa de músculo liso bronquial, las paredes de los vasos pulmonares y los vasos bronquiales y alrededor de las glándulas submucosas. CECR2 se distribuye en pequeño capilares periféricos. Las investigaciones de la biología de la estructura y las proteínas podrían ser relevantes con la estrategia de adaptación al entorno de sequía e hipoxia en Phrynocephalus vlangalii.

Abstract Homegardens (HF) are traditional agroforestry systems that favor interconnection with the natural vegetation surrounding the home and provide multiple benefits to people. This study evaluated ecological attributes as richness, structure and floristic diversity in HF of the southeast in Morelos state and analyzed the relationship between management practices in these spaces with the metrics previously described from a biocultural perspective. Interviews (N=60) and sampling were carried out in 60 HF in the company of the owner, with the purpose of knowing the forms of use and management of biocultural resources, species composition and local names. Furthermore, a structural characterization was performed in each HF using the Value Index of Relative Importance (IVIR) and Forest Value Relative Index (IVFR), whereas α-diversity indices were estimated. The HF in the study area are mainly managed by women. The species present in these areas are used for 11 different categories of use, including ornamental (61.3%), food (17.7%) and medicinal (16.5%). Nine different management practices associated with the use of the species, the shape and surface of the land and the location of the land were directly associated with the spatial and structural configuration of the HF. The richness present in the studied HF was 329 species, 47% of which were native and from the surrounding tropical deciduous forest. The Fabaceae family was the most outstanding in terms of the number of species. Both the IVIR and IVFR point out that Spondias purpurea, Leucaena leucocephala and Carica papaya are the species that dominate structurally, due to intensive management for their use as food. The diversity registered in these rural HF is considerably high (H'= 3.08), so it is suggested that these socially constructed systems function as reservoirs of agrobiodiversity in the southern region of the state, and that in order to safeguard the biocultural legacy they harbor, efforts are required to recognize the socioeconomic and cultural factors that cause changes in their management.

Resumen Los huertos familiares (HF) son sistemas agroforestales tradicionales que favorecen la interconexión con la vegetación natural circundante al hogar y proveen múltiples beneficios a sus usuarios. Este estudio evaluó atributos ecológicos de riqueza, estructura y diversidad florística en HF del sureste del estado de Morelos, y analizó la relación entre las prácticas de manejo en estos espacios con las métricas previamente descritas desde una perspectiva biocultural. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas (N=60) y muestreos en 60 HF en compañía del propietario, con el propósito de conocer las formas de uso y manejo de los recursos bioculturales, la composición de especies y los nombres locales. Además, se realizó una caracterización estructural en cada HF mediante el Índice de Valor de Importancia Relativo (IVIR) e Índice de Valor Forestal Relativo (IVFR), y se estimaron índices de diversidad α. Los HF en el área de estudio son manejados principalmente por mujeres. Las especies presentes en estos espacios se emplean para 11 diferentes categorías de uso, entre las que destacan la ornamental (61.3%), alimenticia (17.7%) y medicinal (16.5%). Nueve diferentes prácticas de manejo asociadas al uso de las especies, la forma y superficie del terreno y la ubicación de éste estuvieron directamente asociadas a la configuración espacial y estructural de los HF. La riqueza presente en los HF estudiados fue de 329 especies, 47% de las cuales son nativas y procedentes del bosque tropical caducifolio circundante. La familia Fabaceae fue la más sobresaliente por el número de especies. Tanto el IVIR como el IVFR indican que Spondias purpurea, Leucaena leucocephala y Carica papaya son las especies que dominan estructuralmente debido al manejo intensivo por su uso como alimento. La diversidad registrada en estos HF rurales es considerablemente alta (H´= 3.08), por lo que se plantea que estos sistemas socialmente construidos funcionan como reservorios de la agrobiodiversidad de la región sur de la entidad, y que para salvaguardar el legado biocultural que albergan, se requieren esfuerzos dirigidos al reconocimiento de los factores socioeconómicos y culturales que originan cambios en su manejo.

Abstract Polysaccharides are a class of biological macromolecules made up of sugar chains with multiple glycosidic bonds. To explore the extracted, purified, carboxymethylated and phosphorylated modified to obtained carboxymethylated polysaccharides (HSPS) and phosphorylated polysaccharides (HSPP), and the HSPS and HSPP were characterized and analyzed, and their antioxidant activity measured. Response surface design was used for the synthesis process of HSPS and HSPP, the structure characterization and antioxidant activities of HSPS and HSPP were evaluated. The results showed that the Mw and Mn of HSP were 14.66 kDa and 8.39 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharides were mainly galactose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 37.68%: 24.43%: 13.63%: 9.18%. The optimal synthesis conditions for HSPS were as follows: reaction time of 2.01 h, reaction temperature of 44.61°C and the amount of monochloroacetic acid necessary was 1.18 g. The optimal synthesis conditions for HSPP were: reaction time of 4.28 h, reaction temperature of 80.78°C, and reaction pH of 8.98. HSPS and HSPP have scavenging effects on ABTS, super oxideanion and hydroxyl radicals. The HSPS and HSPP were characterized and analyzed, and their antioxidant activity measured. bonds extracted purified (HSPS , (HSPP) analyzed measured evaluated 1466 14 66 14.6 839 8 39 8.3 respectively galactose glucose xylose 37.68% 3768 37 68 24.43% 2443 24 43 13.63% 1363 13 63 918 9 18 9.18% follows 201 2 01 2.0 h 4461C C 44 61 118 1 1.1 g 428 4 28 4.2 8078C 80 78 80.78°C 898 98 8.98 ABTS radicals (HSPP 146 6 14. 83 3 8. 37.68 376 24.43 244 13.63 136 91 9.18 20 0 2. 11 1. 42 4. 7 89 8.9 37.6 24.4 13.6 9.1 37. 24. 13. 9.

Abstract This study aimed to verify the impact of high-fat diet consumption for a prolonged period on oxidative stress, fetal growth, umbilical vascular system, and placental structures in pregnant goats. Twenty-two pregnant goats were grouped into the control diet (n= 11) and fat diet (n = 11). Flaxseed meal was added to the fat diet, replacing the corn grain of concentrate, from gestational day 100 to delivery date. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, differing in fat content (2.8% vs. 6.3% dry matter). The fat group showed higher feed intake and total plasma lipid levels than the control group (P < 0.001). No difference was found in placentome, and umbilical vascular development. Fat diet-fed goats exhibited a lower systolic peak in the umbilical artery. At delivery, placental traits were similar with the exception of the cotyledon width (P = 0.0075), which was smaller in the fat group and cotyledon surface (P = 0.0047) for multiple pregnancy of fat diet. Cotyledonary epithelium showed more intense staining of lipid droplets and a greater area for lipofuscin staining in the fat group compared to control group (P < 0.001). The mean live weight of the kids was lower in the fat group in the first week after delivery than in control group. Thus, in goats, the continuous administration of a high-fat diet during pregnancy does not appear to modify the fetal-maternal vascular structures but has an impact on a part of the placental structure; therefore, its use must be carefully evaluated. highfat high stress growth system Twentytwo Twenty two n= n 11 11. . concentrate 10 date isoenergetic 2.8% 28 2 8 (2.8 vs 63 6 3 6.3 matter. matter matter) P 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) placentome development dietfed fed artery 0.0075, 00075 0.0075 , 0075 0.0075) 0.0047 00047 0047 Thus fetalmaternal maternal structure therefore evaluated 1 2.8 (2. 6. 000 0.00 00 0007 0.007 007 0.004 0004 004 2. (2 0.0 ( 0.

RESUMO Apresentamos aqui a ocorrência e a distribuição dos estramenópilos heterotróficos coletados de solo, e de água, folhas submersas e sedimento superficial de corpos de água doce no “Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação Juréia-Itatins”, uma unidade de conservação preservada de Mata Atlântica brasileira. Das 180 amostras coletadas, isolamos 41 táxons pertencentes aos filos Hyphochytriomycota e Oomycota, usando a técnica de iscagem múltipla, com vários deles novos táxons para a ciência, novas ocorrências para o estado de São Paulo ou Brasil, e todos primeira ocorrência para o local estudado. Os táxons foram identificados com base em dados morfológicos e/ou moleculares, com várias regiões gênicas disponibilizadas no GenBank. O cálculo da estrutura da comunidade mostrou uma comunidade diversa, com poucos táxons dominantes, sem diferença significativa (P≤0,05) entre os diferentes tipos de amostras. solo Mosaico JuréiaItatins, JuréiaItatins Juréia Itatins , Juréia-Itatins” brasileira 18 coletadas 4 Oomycota múltipla ciência Brasil estudado eou moleculares GenBank diversa dominantes P≤0,05 P005 P 0 05 (P≤0,05 Juréia-Itatins 1 P≤0,0 P00 (P≤0,0 P≤0, P0 (P≤0, P≤0 (P≤0 P≤ (P≤ (P

ABSTRACT We present herein the occurrence and distribution of the heterotrophic straminipiles collected from soil and water, submerged leaves and surface sediment from freshwater bodies at “Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação Juréia-Itatins”, a preserved conservation unit of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. From 180 collected samples, we isolated 41 taxa belonging to Hyphochytriomycota and Oomycota using the multiple baiting technique, with several new taxa to the science, new occurrences to São Paulo State or Brazil, and all new citation to the studied area. These taxa were identified based on morphological and/or molecular data, with several genic regions made available in GenBank. The calculated community structure of these zoosporic organisms showed a diverse community, with few dominant taxa, without significant differences (P≤0.05) among the different types of samples. water Mosaico JuréiaItatins, JuréiaItatins Juréia Itatins , Juréia-Itatins” Rainforest 18 samples 4 technique science Brazil area andor data GenBank P≤0.05 P005 P 0 05 (P≤0.05 Juréia-Itatins 1 P≤0.0 P00 (P≤0.0 P≤0. P0 (P≤0. P≤0 (P≤0 P≤ (P≤ (P

Abstract Using a bur multiple times to prepare dental structure may produce a smoother final surface on dentin than a new one. This superficial roughness may affect adhesion with resin-based materials by modifying the substrates' characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple uses of diamond burs on dentin's superficial microroughness and bond strength with resin composite when using a self-etch adhesive. Diamond dental burs were used to simulate a preparation (dentin flat surface) on extracted third molars. Samples were distributed into groups according to burs' number of previous uses as follows: 0, 1, 5 and 10. Scanning electron microscopy images at 70x, 350x, and 1000x were used to illustrate burs' deformation. Each specimen's dentin microroughness was measured three times to compare between experimental groups and the micro-shear bond strength test (n=15) was performed for the 0 and 10 uses groups using a universal adhesive in a self- etching mode. Diamond crystals wear and dislodgements were evident among groups where the burs were used more times. As the number of uses increased the mean microroughness of the dentin surface decreased with significant differences between the 0 and 10 uses groups. No statistical differences between experimental groups resulted from bond strength tests. When using a universal adhesive in a self-etching mode, the number of previous uses of a diamond bur seems to have no significant effect on dentin/resin composite bond strength.

Resumen El uso de una fresa múltiples veces para preparar la estructura dental puede producir una superficie final más lisa en la dentina que una fresa nueva. Esta rugosidad superficial modifica las características del sustrato y puede afectar la adhesión con materiales resinosos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de los múltiples usos de las fresas de diamante sobre la micro rugosidad superficial de la dentina y la resistencia adhesiva con la resina compuesta cuando se utiliza un adhesivo de autograbado. Se utilizaron fresas dentales de diamante para simular una preparación (superficie plana de la dentina) en terceros molares extraídos. Las muestras se distribuyeron en grupos según el número de usos previos de las fresas de la siguiente manera: 0, 1, 5 y 10. Se utilizaron imágenes de microscopía electrónica de barrido a ×70, ×350 y ×1000 para ilustrar la deformación de las fresas. Se midió la micro rugosidad de la dentina de cada espécimen tres veces para comparar entre los grupos experimentales y se realizó la prueba de resistencia a la adhesión por micro cizallamiento (n=15) para los grupos de 0 y 10 usos utilizando un adhesivo universal en modo de autograbado. El desgaste de los cristales de diamante y los desprendimientos fueron evidentes entre los grupos en los que las fresas se utilizaron más veces. A medida que aumentaba el número de usos, la micro rugosidad media de la superficie de la dentina disminuyó, con diferencias significativas entre los grupos de 0 y 10 usos. En las pruebas de resistencia adhesiva no se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre los grupos experimentales. Cuando se utiliza un adhesivo universal en modo de autograbado, el número de usos previos de una fresa de diamante no parece tener un efecto significativo en la resistencia de la unión dentina/resina del composite.

Resumo A mineração exerce forte influência sobre a economia brasileira, no entanto, a atividade extrativista resulta em múltiplos danos ao ecossistema, pois a vegetação e a camada superficial do solo são removidas, alterando as características pedológicas naturais. Portanto, programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas tornam-se essenciais para mitigar ou compensar os impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, o entendimento dos indicadores de qualidade do solo tem sido trabalhado para avaliar o processo de recuperação de áreas degradadas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e testar uma nova abordagem para qualificar a agregação do solo em recuperação e ecossistemas de referências na Amazônia brasileira (RO). Para isso, determinou-se o diâmetro médio geométrico (DMG), e os parâmetros morfométricos: área, circularidade, arredondamento e diâmetro de Feret dos agregados do solo. Os parâmetros foram avaliados em cinco tamanhos de agregados diferentes, 6,0 mm, 4,0 mm, 2,0 mm, 1,0 mm e 0,71 µm, em seguida foi realizada análise de variância multivariada (MANOVA), comparando as variáveis morfométricas e tamanhos dos agregados de cada área de estudo. Os resultados obtidos mostram uma correlação positiva entre os valores da área, circularidade e diâmetro de Feret dos agregados do solo, indicando melhorias na estrutura do solo e na vegetação. Dessa forma, os parâmetros propostos demonstraram alta capacidade de descrever a qualidade do solo e diferenciar os níveis de recuperação, apresentando-se como um excelente indicador no monitoramento de áreas degradadas. entanto ecossistema removidas naturais Portanto tornamse tornam se ambiente forma Assim RO. RO . (RO) isso determinouse determinou DMG, DMG , (DMG) morfométricos diferentes 60 6 0 6, 40 4 4, 20 2 2, 10 1 1, 071 71 0,7 µm MANOVA, MANOVA (MANOVA) estudo apresentandose apresentando (RO (DMG 07 7 0, (MANOVA

Abstract Mining has a strong influence on the Brazilian economy, however, extractive activity results in multiple damages to the ecosystem, as vegetation and the surface layer of the soil are removed, altering the natural pedological characteristics. Therefore, programs for the recovery of degraded areas become essential to mitigate or compensate for negative impacts on the environment. In this way, the understanding of soil quality indicators has been worked on to evaluate the process of recovery of degraded areas. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop and test a new approach to qualify the recovery of soil aggregation and reference ecosystems in the Brazilian Amazon (RO). For this, the geometric mean diameter (DMG) and the morphometric parameters: area, circularity, roundness and Feret diameter of the soil aggregates were determined. The parameters were evaluated in five different aggregate sizes, 6.0 mm, 4.0 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.0 mm and 0.71 µm, then multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed, comparing the morphometric variables and aggregate sizes from each study area. The results obtained show a positive correlation between the values of area, circularity and Feret diameter of soil aggregates, indicating improvements in soil structure and vegetation. In this way, the proposed parameters demonstrated a high capacity to describe the soil quality and differentiate the recovery levels, presenting itself as an excellent indicator in the monitoring of degraded areas. economy however ecosystem removed characteristics Therefore environment way Thus RO. RO . (RO) DMG (DMG area determined 60 6 0 6. 40 4 4. 20 2 2. 10 1 1. 071 71 0.7 µm MANOVA (MANOVA performed levels (RO 07 7 0.

ABSTRACT In recent years, a large number of works have been presented that seek to solve the problem of road following by autonomous surface vehicles (ASV). In this sense, a non-linear guidance algorithm (NLGL), which has emerged in recent years for use in aerial vehicles, is presented as an interesting option for path tracking by marine vehicles as it does not use the yaw angle to achieve its objectives. control objectives. The biggest problem that these vehicles present when following paths is the influence of environmental disturbances on them, mainly sea currents and wind. To provide a solution to this problem, this paper presents a guidance and control scheme to achieve the following of straight paths by marine vehicles. It presents a cascade structure with an internal yaw velocity loop, which presents a PI controller as the main element, and the NLGL algorithm in the external loop. Thus achieving that the vehicle follows a straight path with zero error without the need to measure the yaw angle and avoiding the implementation of an integral action in the external loop. An analysis is made of how the marine currents and the wind influence this system from the linearization of the presented scheme, in addition to a stability analysis of the scheme is presented. Finally, the results of simulation and real experiments of the implementation of this scheme in a small ASV are presented, where it can be seen that the vehicle converges to the desired trajectory with precision in the presence of environmental disturbances.

RESUMEN En los últimos años se han presentado un gran número de trabajos que buscan resolver el problema del seguimiento de caminos por parte de los vehículos autónomos de superficie (ASV). En este sentido un algoritmo no lineal de guiado (NLGL), surgido en los últimos años para su uso en vehículos aéreos, se presenta como una interesante opción para el seguimiento de caminos por parte vehículos marinos al no utilizar el ángulo de guiñada para lograr sus objetivos de control. El mayor problema que presentan estos vehículos a la hora del seguimiento de caminos es la influencia de las perturbaciones ambientales sobre ellos, principalmente las corrientes marinas y el viento. Para dar una solución a esta problemática, en este trabajo se presenta un esquema de guiado y control para lograr el seguimiento de caminos rectos por parte de vehículos marinos. El mismo presenta una estructura en cascada con un lazo interno de velocidad angular de guiñada, que presenta un controlador PI como elemento principal, y el algoritmo NLGL en el lazo externo. Logrando así que el vehículo siga un camino recto con error cero sin la necesidad de la medición del ángulo de guiñada y evitando la implementación de una acción integral en lazo externo. Se realiza un análisis de como influyen las corrientes marinas y el viento sobre este sistema a partir de la linealización del esquema presentado, además un análisis de estabilidad del esquema es presentado. Por último, se presentan los resultados de simulación y de experimentos reales de la implementación de este esquema en un ASV de pequeño porte, donde se puede apreciar que el vehículo converge a la trayectoria deseada con precisión en presencia de perturbaciones medioambientales.

Resumo Neste estudo, avaliamos os efeitos dos múltiplos usos da terra e de variáveis do habitat local sobre a composição de grupos tróficos funcionais (FTG’s), e nos traços ecomorfológicos, de peixes em riachos amazônicos. Analisamos os tipos de uso da terra e variáveis da estrutura do habitat local em 26 riachos distribuídos dentro de um gradiente de uso da terra. O uso da terra e as variáveis de habitat afetaram a composição de FTG’s, evidenciado pelo aumento na abundância de peixes diurnos que se alimentam de organismos em suspensão na água em áreas com maiores valores de oxigênio dissolvido e profundidade do talvegue. Ao passo que os peixes diurnos catadores de superfície, bem como os escavadores e predadores de emboscada foram mais abundantes em riachos com maior densidade florestal. Apenas as variáveis do habitat afetaram as características ecomorfológicas das espécies. Peixes com maiores valores de comprimento relativo do pedúnculo caudal foram associados positivamente com alta densidade do dossel, enquanto peixes que apresentam maior largura relativa da boca foram associados negativamente com as variáveis impacto na zona ripária e abrigo para peixes. A estrutura funcional da comunidade de peixes de riachos foi afetada principalmente pelos impactos causados ao habitat decorrentes de diferentes usos da terra. Portando, preservar os remanescentes florestais, bem como recuperar áreas já degradadas, é fundamental para a manutenção da biodiversidade aquática na região. estudo FTGs, FTGs FTG s , (FTG’s) ecomorfológicos amazônicos 2 s, FTG’s talvegue superfície florestal espécies dossel Portando florestais degradadas região (FTG’s

Abstract In this study, we assessed the effects of multiple land uses and local habitat variables on the composition of fish functional trophic groups (FTG’s) and on the ecomorphological traits of fish in Amazonian streams. We evaluated land use types and local habitat variables in 26 streams distributed within a land use gradient. Land use and habitat variables affected the composition of FTG’s, as evidenced by the increased abundance of diurnal channel drift feeders in areas with high dissolved oxygen and deeper thalweg. At the same time, diurnal surface pickers, as well as diggers, and ambush and stalker predators were more abundant in streams with higher canopy density. Only habitat variables affected the ecomorphological characteristics of the species. Fish with higher values of relative caudal peduncle length were positively associated with high canopy density, while fish with greater relative mouth width were negatively associated with the variables impact in the riparian zone and cover of fish shelter. The stream fish functional structure was mainly affected by the impacts caused to the local habitat resulting from different land uses. Thus, preserving forest remnants, as well as recovering degraded areas, is essential for the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity in the region. study FTGs FTG s (FTG’s 2 gradient FTGs, s, FTG’s thalweg time pickers diggers density species shelter Thus remnants region

Abstract Nowadays, polymeric matrix composite materials are used in multiple applications. One of the important areas of application is in the aeronautical sector, due to the relatively low density of the combined materials; these compounds have good mechanical properties, comparable to metallic materials, but providing additional benefits. The objective of this work is to carry out the experimental tests and the numerical analysis of the structure of the alternative composite material to be used to repair of the flight surfaces of CIDFAE aircraft. A widely extended vacuum bagging process was used to obtain a more homogeneous compound, thus reducing defects in processing, better controlling the fiber fraction and the overall thickness of the compound. Specimens of epoxy resin reinforced with layers of flat fabric of three different fibers of: carbon, glass and aramid, in different orientations, were made, which were tested for traction, bending and impact to determine their mechanical properties. It has been shown that the results obtained by analytical methodology and the finite element method are approximate to the results obtained with destructive tests. The experimental results show that the tensile strength values are higher in epoxy resin materials reinforced with 4 layers of carbon fiber in orientation 0 ° -90 °.

Resumen En la actualidad, los materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica son utilizados en múltiples aplicaciones, una de las áreas más importantes de aplicación es en el sector aeronáutico, debido a la relativamente baja densidad que tienen los materiales combinados. Estos compuestos tienen buenas propiedades mecánicas, comparables con materiales metálicos, pero que aportan beneficios adicionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer los ensayos experimentales y el análisis numérico de la estructura del material compuesto alternativo para emplearlos en la reparación de las superficies de vuelo de aeronaves del CIDFAE. Se manejó un proceso ampliamente extendido de envasado al vacío (vacuum bagging) para obtener un compuesto más homogéneo, Lo que redujo los defectos en el procesamiento, y controló mejor la fracción de las fibras y el espesor global del compuesto. Se elaboraron probetas de resina epóxica reforzada con capas de tejido plano de tres fibras distintas de: carbono, vidrio y aramida, en diferentes orientaciones, que fueron ensayadas a tracción, flexión e impacto para determinar sus propiedades mecánicas. Se ha demostrado que los resultados conseguidos mediante la metodología analítica y el método de elementos finitos son aproximados a los resultados que se obtienen con ensayos destructivos. Los resultados experimentales muestran que los valores de resistencia a la tracción son mayores en los materiales de resina epóxica reforzados con 4 capas de fibra de carbono en orientación 0°-90°.

ABSTRACT The introduction of bifacial panels in large-scale generation is relatively recent in the world. Studies carried out in other countries, by both academics and manufacturers, list several factors that influence the radiation reaching the back of the panel: the albedo, the elevation of the module, the distance between rows or trackers, the mounting structure of the module on the back and others. The authors performed 321 simulations of three sites with different latitudes, using fixed-tilt system (SAF) and horizontal single-axis tracking system (HSAT), and obtained six multiple linear regression equations. From them, the influence of the main factors affecting the generation in the SAF and HSAT systems with bifacial modules was quantified. The coefficients found for the different factors could be useful for future projects in Cuba, mainly because the available terrestrial surface is not unlimited.

RESUMEN La introducción de paneles bifaciales en la generación a gran escala es relativamente reciente en el mundo. En los estudios realizados en otros países, tanto por académicos como por fabricantes, se listan varios factores que influyen en la radiación que llega al reverso del panel: el albedo, la elevación del módulo, la distancia entre filas o seguidores, la estructura de montaje del módulo en el reverso y otros. Los autores realizaron 321 simulaciones de tres sitios con diferentes latitudes, usando el sistema de ángulo fijo (SAF) y el de seguimiento sobre un eje horizontal (HSAT), y obtuvieron seis ecuaciones de regresión lineal múltiple. A partir de ellas se cuantificó la influencia de los principales factores ese que afectan la generación en los sistemas SAF y HSAT con paneles bifaciales. Los coeficientes hallados para los diferentes factores podrían ser útiles para futuros proyectos en Cuba, sobre todo porque la superficie terrestre disponible no es ilimitada.