Abstract Objective: The current study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of Passiflora Incarnata L., (PI) in treating IR injury after testicular torsion in rats. Materials and methods: This research investigated the impact of PI on IR damage in male Wistar albino rats. Animals were divided to three groups: group 1 (sham), group 2 (IR), and group 3 (IR+PI). Results: The malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels did not significantly differ across the groups (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 and p=0.140, respectively). However, Group 3 demonstrated a superior total antioxidant status (TAS) value compared to Group 2 (p = 0.020). Concurrently, Group 3 presented a significantly diminished mean total oxidant status (TOS) relative to Group 2 (p = 0.009). Furthermore, Group 3 showed a markedly improved Johnsen score relative to Group 2 (p < 0.01). IR caused cell degeneration, apoptosis, and fibrosis in testicular tissues. PI treatment, however, mitigated these effects, preserved seminiferous tubule integrity and promoted regular spermatogenesis. Furthermore, it reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Bax, and Annexin V, signifying diminished inflammation and apoptosis, thereby supporting cell survival (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: This study revealed that PI significantly reduces oxidative stress and testicular damage, potentially benefiting therapies for IR injuries.

Resumen Objetivo: Explorar el posible efecto protector de Passiflora incarnata L. (PI) en el tratamiento de la lesión por isquemia-reperfusión (IR) después de una torsión testicular en ratas. Método: Se estudió el impacto de Passiflora incarnata en el daño por IR en ratas Wistar albinas machos. Los animales se dividieron tres grupos: 1 (simulado), 2 (IR) y 3 (IR+PI). Resultados: Los niveles de malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) y glutathione (GSH) no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 y p = 0.140, respectivamente). Sin embargo, el grupo 3 tuvo un valor de estado antioxidante total (TAS) superior en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.020). Al mismo tiempo, el grupo 3 presentó un estado oxidante total (TOS) medio significativamente disminuido en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.009). El grupo 3 mostró una mejora notable en la puntuación de Johnsen en comparación con el grupo 2 (p < 0.01). La IR causó degeneración celular, apoptosis y fibrosis en los tejidos testiculares. El tratamiento con PI mitigó estos efectos, preservó la integridad de los túbulos seminíferos y promovió la espermatogénesis regular. Además, redujo la expresión de factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, Bax y anexina V, lo que significa una disminución de la inflamación y de la apoptosis, respaldando así la supervivencia celular (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 y p < 0.01, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló que PI reduce significativamente el estrés oxidativo y el daño testicular, beneficiando potencialmente las terapias para lesiones por IR.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do ar com base no fluxo veicular das cidades localizadas em diferentes altitudes na microrregião da Bodoquena, no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Para tal, foi realizado o teste de micronúcleo, por meio do bioensaio TRAD-MCN em botões jovens de Tradescantia coletadas no período entre fevereiro a novembro de 2018 em sete cidades da microrregião da Bodoquena, com diferentes intensidades de fluxo veicular. Foram avaliados os parâmetros meteorológicos, os veículos foram contados para determinar o tráfego de veículos em cada cidade e altitude. A partir da topografia Shuttle Radar (SRTM) e processamento no software Esri ArcGIS® versão 10.5.1 foi possível mapear a área com base no Modelo de Elevação. As análises morfoanatômicos foram realizadas conforme metodologia padrão. As mensurações de espessura, comprimento, largura dos tecidos e estruturas como a cutícula superior, cutícula inferior, face superior e face inferior da epiderme, hipoderme e mesófilo foram avaliadas. O maior fluxo veicular foi encontrado nas cidades de Bodoquena, Guia Lopes da Laguna, Jardim e Porto Murtinho. O horário das 17:00 às 18:00h foi o que apresentou maiores fluxo de veículos. A maior frequência de alterações mutagênicas foi encontrada na cidade de Guia Lopes, não diferindo de Bonito, Caracol e Jardim. Ao longo do biomonitoramento observou-se que as estações de verão e outono foram as que apresentaram maiores frequências de micronúcleo independente da cidade avaliada. Observou-se que a correlação entre a frequência de micronúcleos e o fluxo veicular foi baixa, apoiando a tese de que essa microrregião, embora apresente alterações mutagênicas em T. pallida, as alterações numericamente são pequenas quando comparadas a outras regiões do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Observou-se uma variação na espessura dos tecidos/estruturas que é variável entre as diferentes cidades e estações do ano. De forma geral os tecidos/estrutura apresentaram redução na espessura para as cidades de Nioaque e Porto Murtinho quanto aos aspectos anatômicos e morfológicos, sendo que, para o comprimento e espessura foliar não foi observado diferenças entre as cidades. Em relação as estações do ano, observou-se que no outono a espessura dos tecidos/estruturas são menores. Diante dos fatores genotóxicos e morfoanatômicos aqui avaliados, a microrregião da Bodoquena parece estar bem preservada em termos de qualidade do ar, apresentando baixa frequência de micronúcleos e redução limitada de tecidos e estruturas foliares, independentemente da estação do ano.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess air quality in relation to vehicular traffic flow in cities located at different elevations in the Bodoquena microregion, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To do so, a micronucleus test was carried out using the TRAD-MCN bioassay on young Tradescantia buds collected from February to November 2018 in seven cities of the microregion with different traffic flow intensities. Meteorological parameters were evaluated, and vehicular traffic was counted to determine traffic flow in each city. With data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and processing in Esri ArcGIS® software version 10.5.1, the regions was mapped based on an Elevation Model. Morphoanatomical analyses were performed according to standard methodology. Measurements were taken of thickness, length and width of tissues and structures, including the upper and lower cuticle, upper and lower epidermis, hypodermis and mesophyll. The greatest traffic flow was found in the cities of Bodoquena, Guia Lopes da Laguna, Jardim, and Porto Murtinho, with the period from 5:00 to 6:00 p.m. showing the highest traffic flow. The greatest frequency of mutagenic alterations was found in the city of Guia Lopes da Laguna, although the results did not differ significantly from Bonito, Caracol, and Jardim. Throughout the biomonitoring, the summer and autumn seasons showed the greatest micronuclei frequencies in all evaluated cities. Variations in the tissue/structure thickness was observed across cities and seasons, but with a decrease in thickness during autumn. In general, the tissues/structures were smaller for the cities of Nioaque and Porto Murtinho, while the anatomical and morphological characteristics of leaf length and thickness showed no differences among cities. We found limited correlation between micronuclei frequency and traffic flow, supporting the hypothesis that although mutagenic alterations are observed in T. pallida, in this microregion the changes are numerically lower when compared to other regions of the state. In light of the genotoxic and morphoanatomical factors assessed herein, the Bodoquena microregion appears to be well preserved in terms of air quality, presenting low micronuclei frequency and a limited reduction in tissues and leaf structures, regardless of the season.

ABSTRACT Objective: Inflammation causes the progressive destruction of the supporting tissues around teeth in patients with periodontitis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immunological effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) as adjunctive therapy in patients with periodontal disease and identify potential biomarkers for the disease. Methods: This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to investigate the impact of omega-3 therapy with or without acetylsalicylic acid on the immunological parameters of periodontal treatment. Eligible studies included those conducted on patients with normoglycemia and diabetes, published after 2002 in English, and containing relevant keywords. The exclusion criteria included pre-2002 publications, literature reviews, animal studies, and articles without immunological analysis. This review involved careful study selection by two double-blind researchers using the Rayyan software, with data extraction and analysis performed by the third and fourth reviewers. Results: Seven randomized clinical trials that compared control/placebo and n-3 PUFA groups or the follow-ups of the n-3 PUFA groups were included. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines was reduced following dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA in the reviewed studies. Specifically, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and RANKL levels were reduced after dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis. Changes in inflammatory outcomes were associated with the clinical benefits of periodontitis. However, significant divergence in the evaluated inflammatory markers, samples, and methods impairs direct comparisons and quantitative analyses in the available literature. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for clinical trials to advance our understanding and assessment of inflammatory outcomes in patients with periodontitis. Objective periodontitis Therefore omega3 omega 3 omega- n3 n (n- PUFAs Methods MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses treatment diabetes 200 English keywords pre2002 pre pre-200 publications reviews doubleblind double blind software reviewers Results controlplacebo control placebo n- followups follow ups Specifically IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 However markers samples Conclusion (n 20 pre200 pre-20 IL- 2 pre20 pre-2 pre2 pre-

RESUMO A movimentação dentária ortodôntica é um processo de remodelação óssea induzida mecanicamente com o objetivo de alinhar dentes mal posicionados. A periodontite é uma infecção polimicrobiana dos tecidos de suporte dos dentes que resulta na destruição do periodonto. O Diabetes Mellitus é um distúrbio metabólico que contribui para vários tipos de comorbidades e até mesmo a morte prematura de um indivíduo. Devido a grande demanda de pacientes diabéticos com periodontite e apresentando a necessidade da terapia ortodôntica para atingir melhor saúde periodontal, tivemos como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a movimentação dentária ortodôntica em pacientes com periodontite e diabetes mellitus. A busca pelos artigos desta revisão de literatura ocorreu entre fevereiro de 2022 e março de 2023. Os artigos foram pesquisados, selecionados e extraídos por meio das bases de dados: PUBMED, LILACS e GOOGLE SCHOLAR disponíveis online, no intervalo entre 1990 até 2022. Diabetes e periodontite podem afetar adversamente a remodelação óssea na movimentação dentária ortodôntica. No entanto, apesar da necessidade de mais estudos a longo prazo para elucidar o mecanismo da movimentação dentária ortodôntica em pacientes diabéticos com histórico de periodontite, a literatura nos sugere que se houver uma terapia periodontal-ortodôntica bem estabelecida associada ao controle glicêmico do paciente, o tratamento será bem-sucedido. posicionados periodonto indivíduo periodontal mellitus 202 2023 pesquisados dados PUBMED online 199 entanto periodontalortodôntica paciente bemsucedido. bemsucedido sucedido. sucedido bem-sucedido 20 19 2 1

ABSTRACT Orthodontic tooth movement is a mechanically induced bone remodeling process aimed at aligning malpositioned teeth. Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infection of the supporting tissues of the teeth that results in the destruction of the periodontium. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder that contributes to several types of comorbidities and even premature death of an individual. Due to the high demand of diabetic patients with periodontitis and the need for orthodontic therapy to achieve better periodontal health, we aimed to carry out a bibliographic review on orthodontic tooth movement in patients with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. The search for articles in this literature review took place between February 2022 and March 2023. The articles were researched, selected and extracted through the database: PUBMED, LILACS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR available online, in the range of years between 1990 and 2022. Diabetes and periodontitis may adversely affect bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. However, despite the need for further long-term studies to elucidate the mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement in diabetic patients with a history of periodontitis, the literature suggests that if there is a well-established periodontal-orthodontic therapy associated with the patient’s glycemic control, the treatment will be successful. periodontium individual health mellitus 202 2023 researched database PUBMED online 199 However longterm long term wellestablished well established periodontalorthodontic patient s control successful 20 19 2 1

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, accounting for 650,000 deaths per year, and is observed in approximately 10% of the patients diagnosed. Extracellular matrix abnormalities have been documented in gastric cancer patients. The aim of our study was to understand the role of high levels of hyaluronan, an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, and its mechanistic role in gastric cancer pathobiology. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 82 gastric cancer patients and 41 healthy volunteers. Hyaluronan measurements were performed with the help of commercially purchased enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Gastric cancer (n=27) and healthy (n=29) tissue specimens were obtained after surgery and aliquoted for Western blot, immunofluorescence, and messenger RNA expression analysis. RESULTS: Increased hyaluronan levels were detected in the blood of cancer patients compared to controls [plasma hyaluronan levels mg/dL (mean±SD): gastric cancer (n=82) 549.80±155.68, and healthy control (n=41) 27.21±4.95 (p<0.044)]. In addition, intense hyaluronan binding protein staining was observed in gastric cancer tissues, while tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 messenger RNA expression was found to be significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues compared to healthy controls [tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 messenger RNA expression: gastric cancer (n=27) 7.09±1.94 and healthy control (n=29) 3.20±0.67 (p=0.048)] according to the immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSION: The high hyaluronan levels in gastric cancer patients and the detection of increased messenger RNA levels of the tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 enzyme in gastric cancer tissue, supporting a possible hyaluronan modification, suggest that this abnormality may have an important role in the formation of gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE world 650000 650 000 650,00 year 10 diagnosed glycosaminoglycan pathobiology METHODS 8 4 volunteers enzymelinked linked kits n=27 n27 n 27 (n=27 n=29 n29 29 (n=29 blot analysis RESULTS plasma mgdL mg dL mean±SD meanSD mean SD (mean±SD) n=82 n82 (n=82 5498015568 549 80 155 68 549.80±155.68 n=41 n41 (n=41 2721495 21 95 27.21±4.9 p<0.044. p0044 p p<0.044 . 0 044 (p<0.044)] addition factorinducible factor inducible 709194 7 09 1 94 7.09±1.9 320067 3 20 67 3.20±0.6 p=0.048 p0048 048 (p=0.048) CONCLUSION modification 65000 65 00 650,0 n=2 n2 2 (n=2 (mean±SD n=8 n8 (n=8 549801556 54 15 549.80±155.6 n=4 n4 (n=4 272149 9 27.21±4. p004 p<0.04 04 (p<0.044) 70919 7.09±1. 32006 3.20±0. p=0.04 (p=0.048 6500 650, n= (n= 54980155 5 549.80±155. 27214 27.21±4 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.044 7091 7.09±1 3200 3.20±0 p=0.0 (p=0.04 (n 5498015 549.80±155 2721 27.21± p0 p<0. (p<0.04 709 7.09± 320 3.20± p=0. (p=0.0 549801 549.80±15 272 27.21 p<0 (p<0.0 70 7.09 32 3.20 p=0 (p=0. 54980 549.80±1 27.2 p< (p<0. 7.0 3.2 p= (p=0 5498 549.80± 27. (p<0 7. 3. (p= 549.80 (p< (p 549.8 549.

Resumo Uma busca contínua de materiais bioativos com capacidade de substituir o tecido pulpar danificado, com efetiva capacidade de selamento e biocompatibilidade, tem representado a atenção e foco de muitos estudos ao longo das últimas décadas. Este estudo envolve uma revisão narrativa da literatura desenvolvida por meio de pesquisas representativas encontradas no PUBMED/MEDLINE e pesquisas em livros didáticos associadas ao mecanismo de ação de materiais bioativos (hidróxido de cálcio, agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) e cimentos de silicato de cálcio). A presente análise reflexiva das particularidades dos elementos químicos destes materiais bioativos, considerando o mecanismo de ação tecidual e antibacteriano, possibilita um melhor entendimento das características e similaridades no comportamento tecidual. A pasta de hidróxido de cálcio continua sendo a substância antibacteriana de escolha como medicação intracanal para o tratamento das infecções do sistema de canais radiculares. Este fato se deve a disponibilidade química de íons cálcio e hidroxila do hidróxido de cálcio aos tecidos, e a inibição enzimática bacteriana. Os cimentos de silicato de cálcio, dentre os quais inclui o MTA, apresentam uma resposta biológica favorável ao estímulo à deposição de tecido mineralizado nas áreas seladas e em contato com tecido conjuntivo. Este fato é decorrente da similaridade entre os elementos químicos, em especial devido a dissociação iônica, ao potencial estímulo de enzimas teciduais, e a contribuição com um meio alcalino decorrente do pH destes materiais. O comportamento dos materiais bioativos, em especial o MTA e os novos cimentos de silicato de cálcio na atividade de selamento biológico mostraram efetivos. A endodontia contemporânea atualmente conta com o potencial de materiais bioativos com propriedades análogas capaz de estimular o selamento biológico em perfurações radiculares laterais e de furca, em obturações radiculares, capeamento pulpar, pulpotomia, apicificação e procedimentos endodônticos regenerativos, além de outras condições clínicas. danificado biocompatibilidade décadas PUBMEDMEDLINE PUBMED MEDLINE (MTA cálcio. . cálcio) antibacteriano tecidos bacteriana conjuntivo iônica teciduais efetivos furca pulpotomia regenerativos clínicas

Abstract A continuous search for bioactive materials capable of supporting the replacement of damaged pulp tissue, with effective sealing potential and biocompatibility, has represented the attention of studies over the last decades. This study involves a narrative review of the literature developed by searching representative research in PUBMED/MEDLINE and searches in textbooks associated with the mechanism of action of bioactive materials (calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium silicate cements). The reflective analysis of the particularities of the chemical elements of these materials, considering the tissue and antibacterial mechanism of action, allows a better understanding of the characteristics and similarities in their tissue responses. Calcium hydroxide paste remains the antibacterial substance of choice as intracanal dressing for the treatment of root canal system infections. Calcium silicate cements, including MTA, show a favorable biological response with the stimulation of mineralized tissue deposition in sealed areas when in contact with connective tissue. This is due to the similarity between the chemical elements, especially ionic dissociation, the potential stimulation of enzymes in tissues, and the contribution towards an alkaline environment due to the pH of these materials. The behavior of bioactive materials, especially MTA and the new calcium silicate cements in the biological sealing activity, has been shown to be effective. Contemporary endodontics has access to bioactive materials with similar properties, which can stimulate a biological seal in lateral and furcation root perforations, root-end fillings and root fillings, pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, and regenerative endodontic procedures, in addition to other clinical conditions. biocompatibility decades PUBMEDMEDLINE PUBMED MEDLINE , (MTA) cements. . cements) responses infections dissociation tissues activity properties perforations rootend end capping pulpotomy apexification procedures conditions (MTA

RESUMO: A periodontite afeta os tecidos de suporte dos dentes levando à perda dentária e danos à saúde do animal. Evidências em humanos sugerem que os microrganismos orais se espalham sistemicamente, aumentando o risco de distúrbios da gravidez, como aborto espontâneo, prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se microrganismos periodontopatogênicos atingem a unidade transplacentária, culminando em problemas em ovelhas gestantes. Após análise da cavidade oral, foram selecionadas 10 ovelhas gestantes clinicamente saudáveis (grupo OGCH) e 10 ovelhas gestantes com periodontite (grupo OGP). O biofilme subgengival foi coletado para o teste de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e o líquido amniótico para teste de PCR e análise de interleucina (IL). Sangue periférico foi coletado para hemograma completo e análises de IL-6, IL1-β e fator de necrose tumoral-α foram realizadas. Fragmentos de placenta foram coletados para avaliação das alterações inflamatórias por meio de microscopia óptica. Após o parto, as ovelhas e seus cordeiros foram pesados. Ao exame clínico, observou-se correlação positiva entre sangramento e supuração (índice de correlação - IC=0,54), supuração e gengivite marginal (IC=0,34) e gengivite marginal e edema (IC=0,54). Os pesos das ovelhas (p=0,013) e de seus respectivos cordeiros (p=0,04) do grupo OGP foram inferiores aos do grupo OGCH. A análise hematológica revelou que as ovelhas do grupo OGP apresentaram discreto aumento no volume corpuscular médio (p=0,2447), células segmentadas (p=0,3375) e eosinófilos (p=0,3823) quando comparadas com as ovelhas do grupo OGCH, sem diferença estatística diferença. Em relação aos microrganismos detectados na cavidade oral, houve diferença significativa entre a ocorrência de bolsas periodontais e a presença de Fusobacterium necrophorum (p=0,0328), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0,0392) e da classe Mollicutes (p=0,0352). O gênero Staphylococcus (p=0,9107) e o domínio Archaea (p=0,7245) foram detectados nas amostras amnióticas de ambos os grupos, sem diferença significativa, enquanto P. asaccharolytica (p=0,2685) foi detectado apenas em uma amostra do grupo OGCH. A expressão da citocina IL-6 no grupo OGP diferiu significativamente entre os períodos pré e pós-parto (p=0,0039); além disso, diferiu significativamente no período pós-parto entre os grupos OGCH e OGP (p=0,0198). O exame histológico mostrou maior porcentagem de alterações placentárias no grupo OGP (70%) do que no grupo OGCH, como a presença de macrófagos, neutrófilos, plasmócitos e áreas multifocais de calcificação. Esses resultados não corroboram a hipótese de disseminação de microrganismos orais para a unidade placentária, sugerindo que se trata de um isolamento placentário em ovinos. RESUMO animal sistemicamente gravidez espontâneo nascer transplacentária oral 1 OGP. . OGP) (PCR IL. IL (IL) IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL1β ILβ IL1 β tumoralα tumoral α realizadas óptica parto pesados clínico observouse observou índice IC=0,54, IC054 IC IC=0,54 , 0 54 IC=0,54) IC=0,34 IC034 34 (IC=0,34 IC=0,54. (IC=0,54) p=0,013 p0013 p 013 (p=0,013 p=0,04 p004 04 (p=0,04 p=0,2447, p02447 p=0,2447 2447 (p=0,2447) p=0,3375 p03375 3375 (p=0,3375 p=0,3823 p03823 3823 (p=0,3823 p=0,0328, p00328 p=0,0328 0328 (p=0,0328) p=0,0392 p00392 0392 (p=0,0392 p=0,0352. p00352 p=0,0352 0352 (p=0,0352) p=0,9107 p09107 9107 (p=0,9107 p=0,7245 p07245 7245 (p=0,7245 P p=0,2685 p02685 2685 (p=0,2685 IL- pósparto pós p=0,0039 p00039 0039 (p=0,0039) disso p=0,0198. p00198 p=0,0198 0198 (p=0,0198) 70% 70 (70% macrófagos neutrófilos calcificação placentária ovinos (IL IC05 IC=0,5 5 IC=0,3 IC03 3 (IC=0,3 (IC=0,54 p=0,01 p001 01 (p=0,01 p=0,0 p00 (p=0,0 p0244 p=0,244 244 (p=0,2447 p=0,337 p0337 337 (p=0,337 p=0,382 p0382 382 (p=0,382 p0032 p=0,032 032 (p=0,0328 p=0,039 p0039 039 (p=0,039 p0035 p=0,035 035 (p=0,0352 p=0,910 p0910 910 (p=0,910 p=0,724 p0724 724 (p=0,724 p=0,268 p0268 268 (p=0,268 p=0,003 p0003 003 (p=0,0039 p0019 p=0,019 019 (p=0,0198 7 (70 IC0 IC=0, (IC=0, (IC=0,5 p=0, p0 (p=0, p024 p=0,24 24 (p=0,244 p=0,33 p033 33 (p=0,33 p=0,38 p038 38 (p=0,38 p003 p=0,03 03 (p=0,032 (p=0,03 (p=0,035 p=0,91 p091 91 (p=0,91 p=0,72 p072 72 (p=0,72 p=0,26 p026 26 (p=0,26 p=0,00 p000 00 (p=0,003 (p=0,019 (7 IC=0 (IC=0 p=0 (p=0 p02 p=0,2 2 (p=0,24 p=0,3 p03 (p=0,3 p=0,9 p09 9 (p=0,9 p=0,7 p07 (p=0,7 (p=0,2 (p=0,00 ( IC= (IC= p= (p= (IC (p

ABSTRACT: Periodontitis affects the teeth supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss and damage to animal health. Evidence in humans suggests that oral microorganisms spread systemically, increasing the risk of pregnancy disorders such as miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight. This study aimed to verify whether periodontopathogenic microorganisms reach the transplacental unit, culminating in problems in pregnant ewes. After analyzing the oral cavity, 10 clinically healthy pregnant ewes (OGCH group) and 10 pregnant ewes with periodontitis (OGP group) were selected. The subgingival biofilm was collected for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and amniotic fluid for both the PCR and interleukin (IL) analysis. Peripheral blood was collected for complete blood count, and analyses of IL-6, IL1-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were performed. Placental fragments were collected to assess the inflammatory changes using optical microscopy. After giving birth, both the ewes and their lambs were weighed. On clinical examination, a positive correlation between bleeding and suppuration (correlation index - CI=0.54), suppuration and marginal gingivitis (CI=0.34), and marginal gingivitis and edema (CI=0.54) was observed. The weights of the ewes (p=0.013) and their respective lambs (p=0.04) in the OGP group were lower than those of their OGCH group counterparts. The hematological analysis revealed that the OGP group ewes showed a slight increase in the mean corpuscular volume (p=0.2447), segmented cells (p=0.3375), and eosinophils (p=0.3823) when compared with the OGCH group ewes, without a statistical difference. Regarding the microorganisms detected in the oral cavity, there was a significant difference between the occurrence of periodontal pockets and the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum (p=0.0328), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0.0392), and the Mollicutes class (p=0.0352). Staphylococcus genus (p=0.9107) and Archaea domain (p=0.7245) were detected in the amniotic samples of both groups, without a significant difference, whereas P. asaccharolytica (p=0.2685) was only detected in one sample in the OGCH group. The expression of cytokine IL-6 in the OGP group differed significantly between the prepartum and postpartum periods (p=0.0039); moreover, it differed significantly in the postpartum period between the OGCH and OGP groups (p=0.0198). Histological examination showed a higher percentage of placental changes in the OGP group (70%) than in the OGCH group, such as the presence of macrophages, neutrophils, plasma cells, and multifocal areas of calcification. These results do not corroborate the hypothesis of dissemination of oral microorganisms to the placental unit, suggesting that it constitutes placental isolation in sheep. ABSTRACT tissues health systemically miscarriage prematurity weight unit cavity 1 selected (PCR IL (IL count IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL1 β, β IL1-β factorα factor α performed microscopy weighed CI=0.54, CI054 CI CI=0.54 , 0 54 CI=0.54) CI=0.34, CI034 CI=0.34 34 (CI=0.34) (CI=0.54 observed p=0.013 p0013 p 013 (p=0.013 p=0.04 p004 04 (p=0.04 counterparts p=0.2447, p02447 p=0.2447 2447 (p=0.2447) p=0.3375, p03375 p=0.3375 3375 (p=0.3375) p=0.3823 p03823 3823 (p=0.3823 p=0.0328, p00328 p=0.0328 0328 (p=0.0328) p=0.0392, p00392 p=0.0392 0392 (p=0.0392) p=0.0352. p00352 p=0.0352 . 0352 (p=0.0352) p=0.9107 p09107 9107 (p=0.9107 p=0.7245 p07245 7245 (p=0.7245 P p=0.2685 p02685 2685 (p=0.2685 IL- p=0.0039 p00039 0039 (p=0.0039) moreover p=0.0198. p00198 p=0.0198 0198 (p=0.0198) 70% 70 (70% macrophages neutrophils calcification sheep CI05 CI=0.5 5 CI03 CI=0.3 3 (CI=0.34 (CI=0.5 p=0.01 p001 01 (p=0.01 p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 p0244 p=0.244 244 (p=0.2447 p0337 p=0.337 337 (p=0.3375 p=0.382 p0382 382 (p=0.382 p0032 p=0.032 032 (p=0.0328 p0039 p=0.039 039 (p=0.0392 p0035 p=0.035 035 (p=0.0352 p=0.910 p0910 910 (p=0.910 p=0.724 p0724 724 (p=0.724 p=0.268 p0268 268 (p=0.268 p=0.003 p0003 003 (p=0.0039 p0019 p=0.019 019 (p=0.0198 7 (70 CI0 CI=0. (CI=0.3 (CI=0. p=0. p0 (p=0. p024 p=0.24 24 (p=0.244 p033 p=0.33 33 (p=0.337 p=0.38 p038 38 (p=0.38 p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.032 (p=0.039 (p=0.035 p=0.91 p091 91 (p=0.91 p=0.72 p072 72 (p=0.72 p=0.26 p026 26 (p=0.26 p=0.00 p000 00 (p=0.003 (p=0.019 (7 CI=0 (CI=0 p=0 (p=0 p02 p=0.2 2 (p=0.24 p03 p=0.3 (p=0.33 (p=0.3 (p=0.03 p=0.9 p09 9 (p=0.9 p=0.7 p07 (p=0.7 (p=0.2 (p=0.00 ( CI= (CI= p= (p= (CI (p

ABSTRACT Periodontal disease is an infection affecting the supporting tissues of teeth. Although it is one of the most frequent infectious processes in the oral cavity, few studies have analyzed this variable in hunter-gatherer skeletal remains from Southern Patagonia and, consequently, its impact on these populations remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this work is to analyze if the human populations of Southern Patagonia presented high levels of periodontitis, considered as the latest and most destructive stage of periodontal disease, on the basis of the study of a sample of human remains from the Late Holocene from this region. Twenty-five skeletons of adult individuals of both sexes were analyzed, recording the presence and degree of expression of periodontitis in each individual. Prevalence in the sample was calculated according to sex, age, region of origin, and chronology. Additionally, the possible association of periodontitis with other oral pathologies (i.e., caries, antemortem tooth loss and periapical lesions), with dental wear and with the postcranial proliferative periosteal reactions recorded in the sample, interpreted as evidence of inflammatory processes, was explored. A prevalence of 36% (9/25) of individuals with periodontitis was observed, more frequent among females (3/6; 50%), middle adults (4/10; 40%) and those from southern Tierra del Fuego (41.6%) and Santa Cruz/Magallanes (40%). Moderated and low correlations were recorded between periodontitis and both the different oral health variables and the proliferative periosteal reactions. The results indicate deterioration in oral health derived from periodontitis, a possible indicator of poor hygiene.

RESUMEN La enfermedad periodontal es una infección que afecta los tejidos de sostén de las piezas dentales. A pesar de ser uno de los procesos infecciosos más frecuentes de la cavidad bucal, son pocos los trabajos que analizaron esta patología en restos humanos de cazadores-recolectores de Patagonia austral y, en consecuencia, su impacto en estas poblaciones no es bien comprendido. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si las poblaciones humanas de Patagonia austral presentaron altos niveles de periodontitis, considerada como la etapa tardía y destructiva de la enfermedad periodontal, a partir del estudio de una muestra de restos humanos del Holoceno tardío provenientes de esa región. Se analizaron 25 esqueletos de individuos adultos de ambos sexos, en los que se registró la presencia y el grado de periodontitis. Se calcularon las prevalencias en la muestra de acuerdo con el sexo, la edad, la subregión de procedencia y la cronología. Además, se exploró la posible relación de la periodontitis con otras patologías orales (caries, pérdida dental antemortem y lesiones periapicales), desgaste dental y con las reacciones periósticas proliferativas poscraneales registradas en la muestra, interpretadas como evidencia de procesos inflamatorios. Se observó una prevalencia de 36% (9/25) de individuos con periodontitis, con una mayor frecuencia entre los femeninos (3/6; 50%), los adultos medios (4/10; 40%) y los procedentes del sur de Tierra del Fuego (41,6%) y Santa Cruz/Magallanes (40%). Se registraron correlaciones medias y bajas entre la periodontitis y las diferentes variables relevadas en la cavidad oral, así como con las reacciones periósticas proliferativas. Los resultados indican que una higiene deficiente podría haber influido en el aumento de la enfermedad dental en aquellos individuos con periodontitis.

Abstract Periodontal diseases (PD) are inflammatory conditions that affect the teeth supporting tissues. Increased body fat tissues may contribute to activation of the systemic inflammatory response, leading to comorbidities. Some studies have shown that individuals with obesity present higher incidence of PD than eutrophics. Objective: To investigate the impact of obesity on periodontal tissues and oral microbiota in mice. Methodology: Two obesity mice models were performed, one using 12 weeks of the dietary protocol with a high-fat (HF) diet in C57BL/6 mice and the other using leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db-/-), which became spontaneously obese. After euthanasia, a DNA-DNA hybridization technique was employed to evaluate the microbiota composition and topical application of chlorhexidine (CHX), an antiseptic, was used to investigate the impact of the oral microbiota on the alveolar bone regarding obesity. Results: Increased adipose tissue may induce alveolar bone loss, neutrophil recruitment, and changes in the oral biofilm, similar to that observed in an experimental model of PD. Topical application of CHX impaired bone changes. Conclusion: Obesity may induce changes in the oral microbiota and neutrophil recruitment, which are associated with alveolar bone loss.

RESUMO: A periodontite é um processo inflamatório de origem infecciosa que afeta os dentes e suas estruturas de suporte, causando perdas econômicas significativas e redução do bem-estar animal. As bactérias do biofilme gengival são um dos principais fatores envolvidos no início das lesões inflamatórias. As bactérias agem diretamente nos tecidos ou indiretamente por meio de substâncias que causam dano tecidual. Estudos sobre a etiopatogenia da periodontite em rebanhos ovinos brasileiros são escassos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar histologicamente as lesões periodontais de ovinos de descarte da raça brasileira Santa Inês. Foram observadas lesões periodontais, como bolsas periodontais contendo tecido vegetal e bactérias, substituição do ligamento periodontal por tecido conjuntivo e células inflamatórias, pústulas superficiais, degeneração hidrópica epitelial e hiperplasia do epitélio. As alterações da submucosa foram caracterizadas por tecido de granulação, edema, tumefação das células endoteliais, bactérias e infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocitário predominantemente perivascular. No osso alveolar, observou-se reabsorção osteoclástica e aposição óssea. Este estudo revelou inflamação subaguda a crônica, reabsorção óssea alveolar e aposição de osso cortical na periodontite ovina. Assim, esses achados podem contribuir para a evolução do conhecimento sobre a etiopatogenia da periodontite ovina e para o desenvolvimento de medidas de controle da doença.

ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is an inflammatory process of infectious origin affecting the teeth and their supporting structures, causing significant economic losses and reducing animal welfare. Bacteria in the gingival biofilm are one of the main factors in initiating inflammatory lesions. Bacteria act directly on tissues or indirectly through substances that cause tissue damage. Studies on the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis in Brazilian sheep herds are scarce. The present study aimed to characterize histologically periodontal lesions of culled sheep from the Brazilian breed, Santa Inês. Periodontal lesions, such as periodontal pockets containing plant tissue and bacteria, replacement of the periodontal ligament by connective tissue and inflammatory cells, superficial pustules, hydropic epithelial degeneration, and epithelium hyperplasia, were observed. Submucosal changes were characterized by granulation tissue, edema, swelling of the endothelial cells, bacteria, and predominantly perivascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate. In the alveolar bone, osteoclastic resorption and bone apposition were observed. This study revealed subacute to chronic inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, and cortical bone apposition in ovine periodontitis. Thus, these findings can contribute to the evolution of knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of ovine periodontitis and, possibly, the development of measures to control the disease.

ABSTRACT Biomedical research generates valuable scientific evidence to improve human disease treatment schemes. Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease affects the protective and supporting tissues of the teeth; it is one of the most prevalent chronic infections. Its etiology is multifactorial (bacteria are the primary factor). Dental plaque is a biofilm in which anaerobic microorganisms dominate; it can be divided into gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is an inflammatory state of the gums, without loss of periodontal attachment fibers or alveolar bone. Progressive destruction of collagen fibers and supporting bone structures occurs in periodontitis; it is related to different systemic complications, including diabetes mellitus (a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia). This review will allow specialists to investigate, on a preclinical scale, important aspects of these diseases in laboratory rodents.

RESUMEN La investigación biomédica genera evidencia científica valiosa para mejorar los esquemas de tratamiento de enfermedades de los seres humanos. La enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica afecta los tejidos de protección y soporte del diente; es una de las infecciones crónicas más prevalentes. Su etiología es multifactorial (las bacterias constituyen el factor primario). La placa dental es un biofilm en el que los microorganismos anaerobios dominan; se puede dividir en gingivitis y periodontitis. La gingivitis es un estado inflamatorio de las encías, sin pérdida de fibras de inserción periodontal o del hueso alveolar. En la periodontitis se produce la destrucción progresiva de las fibras de colágeno y de las estructuras óseas de soporte; está relacionada con diferentes complicaciones sistémicas, entre ellas: la diabetes mellitus (trastorno metabólico que se caracteriza por la hiperglucemia). Esta revisión permitirá a los especialistas investigar, a escala preclínica, aspectos importantes de estas enfermedades en los roedores de laboratorio.

Resumen Introducción: Los traumatismos dentoalveolares (TDA) son eventos que ocurren frecuentemente, llegando a comprometer órganos dentarios, sus tejidos de soporte, los maxilares y los tejidos blandos de la cara. Las estadísticas revelan cifras significativas en cuanto a la incidencia y prevalencia de estos accidentes, por lo que son considerados como un problema de salud pública global. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de trauma dentoalveolar (TDA) en la parroquia urbana Hermano Miguel del cantón Cuenca- Ecuador en el año 2019. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación forma parte del proyecto “Macro estudio epidemiológico del trauma dentoalveolar en niños, adolescentes y adultos, del Cantón Cuenca, 2019” de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. El diseño de investigación fue descriptivo/analítico y retrospectivo. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado por expertos, obteniendo información de 320 personas en 78 viviendas de entre 2 y 11 habitantes (M=4; DE=2) en 11 cuadras escogidas de forma aleatoria. Resultados: La prevalencia de trauma en la muestra fue del 8.1% (n=26); en el 28.2% (n=22) de viviendas visitadas se registraron una (23.1%) o dos (5.1%) personas con golpes en los dientes. Conclusión: El traumatismo dentoalveolar, por la frecuencia con que se presenta, se considera una urgencia odontológica de suma importancia para mantener en boca la pieza dentaria afectada y los tejidos involucrados; se considera que la arcada superior recibe más traumatismos y las causas más frecuentes suelen ser las caídas.

Abstract Introduction: Dentoalveolar trauma (DTA) are events that occur frequently, compromising dental organs, their supporting tissues, the jaws and the soft tissues of the face. Statistics reveal significant figures regarding the incidence and prevalence of these accidents, which is why they are considered a global public health problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Dentoalveolar Trauma (TDA) in the urban parish of Hermano Miguel in the canton of Cuenca- Ecuador in 2019. Materials and Methods: The research is part of the “Macro epidemiological study of dentoalveolar trauma in children, adolescents and adults in Cuenca Canton, 2019” of the Catholic University of Cuenca. The research design is descriptive/analytical and retrospective. A questionnaire validated by experts was used, obtaining information from 320 people in 78 dwellings of between 2 and 11 inhabitants (M=4; SD=2) from 11 randomly selected blocks. Results: The prevalence of trauma in the sample was 8.1% (n=26); in 28.2% (n=22) of the dwellings visited, one (23.1%) or two (5.1%) persons were recorded with blows to the teeth. Conclusion: Dentoalveolar trauma, due to the frequency with which it occurs, is considered a dental emergency of utmost importance to keep the affected tooth and the tissues involved in the mouth; it is considered that the upper arch received more trauma and the most frequent causes were falls.

RESUMO A periodontite é uma condição crônica que afeta os tecidos de suporte do dente, o que às vezes leva à perda do dente. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança do plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento da periodontite crônica. Um ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado, fase II b foi conduzido com avaliação cega por terceiros. A amostra foi composta por 70 pacientes com periodontite crônica que compareceram à consulta de Periodontia da Clínica Universitária de Especialidades Estomatológicas "Manuel Cedeño" entre janeiro de 2017 e dezembro de 2019. Os indivíduos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em: grupo A ou grupo experimental tratado com plasma rico em plaquetas e grupo B ou controle com tratamento convencional. As variáveis foram: idade, sexo, inflamação da gengiva, profundidade das bolsas periodontais, perda da inserção periodontal, tempo de evolução, efeito terapêutico e eventos adversos. Os resultados mostraram que, aos 12 meses de tratamento, 34 pacientes do grupo experimental (97,14%) e 33 pacientes do grupo controle (94,39%) curaram. Nenhum evento adverso foi detectado. Concluiu-se que o tratamento com plasma rico em plaquetas na periodontite crônica demonstrou eficácia terapêutica e segurança sem diferenças significativas em relação ao tratamento convencional.

ABSTRACT Periodontitis is a chronic condition that affects the supporting tissues of the tooth, which sometimes leads to tooth loss. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. A randomized, controlled, phase II b clinical trial was conducted with blind third-party evaluation. The sample comprised 70 patients with chronic periodontitis who attended the Periodontics consultation of the "Manuel Cedeño" University Clinic of Stomatological Specialties between January 2017 and December 2019. The individuals were randomly distributed into: group A or experimental group treated with plasma rich in platelets and group B or control with conventional treatment. The variables were: age, sex, inflammation of the gingiva, depth of periodontal pockets, loss of periodontal attachment, time of evolution, therapeutic effect and adverse events. The results showed that at 12 months of treatment 34 patients in the experimental group (97,14 %) and 33 patients in the control group (94,39 %) cured. No adverse events were detected. It was concluded that treatment with platelet-rich plasma in chronic periodontitis demonstrated therapeutic efficacy and safety without significant differences with respect to conventional treatment.

RESUMEN La periodontitis es una afección crónica que afecta los tejidos de soporte del diente lo que conlleva en ocasiones a la pérdida del mismo. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del plasma rico en plaquetas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis crónica. Se realizó un ensayo clínico en fase II b, controlado, aleatorizado, con evaluación a ciegas por terceros. La muestra abarcó 70 pacientes portadores de periodontitis crónica que acudieron a consulta de Periodoncia de la Clínica Universitaria de Especialidades Estomatológicas "Manuel Cedeño" entre enero 2017 a diciembre del 2019. Los individuos quedaron distribuidos aleatoriamente en: grupo A o experimental tratado con plasma rico en plaquetas y grupo B o control con tratamiento convencional. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, inflamación de la encía, profundidad de las bolsas periodontales, pérdida de inserción periodontal, tiempo de evolución, efecto terapéutico y eventos adversos. Los resultados mostraron que a los 12 meses del tratamiento curaron 34 pacientes del grupo experimental (97,14 %) y 33 pacientes del grupo control (94,39 %). No se detectaron eventos adversos. Se llegó a la conclusión que el tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas en la periodontitis crónica demostró eficacia terapéutica y seguridad sin diferencias significativas con respecto al tratamiento convencional.

Abstract Cenostigma pyramidale is a native legume of the Brazilian semiarid region which performs symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), being an excellent model for studying genes associated with tolerance against abiotic and biotic stresses. In RT-qPCR approach, the use of reference genes is mandatory to avoid incorrect interpretation of the relative expression. This study evaluated the stability of ten candidate reference genes (CRGs) from C. pyramidale root tissues under salt stress (three collection times) and associated with AMF (three different times of salinity). The de novo transcriptome was obtained via RNA-Seq sequencing. Three algorithms were used to calculate the stability of CRGs under different conditions: (i) global (Salt, Salt+AMF, AMF and Control, and collection times), (ii) only non-inoculated plants, and (iii) AMF (only inoculated plants). HAG2, SAC1, aRP3 were the most stable CRGs for global and AMF assays, whereas HAG2, SAC1, RHS1 were the best for salt stress assay. This CRGs were used to validate the relative expression of two up-regulated transcripts in Salt2h (RAP2-3 and PIN8). Our study provides the first set of reference genes for C. pyramidale under salinity and AMF, supporting future researches on gene expression with this species.

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Abstract: ‘Mosca de la bichera’ or simply ‘bichera’ are common names given in Uruguay and the region to the primary myiasis-causing species Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World Screwworm (NWS) fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Myiasis happens when dipteran larvae infest live animals at least during some developmental phase to feed on host’s flesh and fluids. For the NWS fly it is mandatory that all three larvae phases develop on living tissues of warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. Unsurprisingly, this parasitic behavior causes great profit losses to the livestock industry and is also considered a neglected public health issue. NWS is endemic from the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, but has been eradicated from North and Central America through a Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) based Area Wide - Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM) program that lasted more than 50 years. Since 2004, a permanent barrier is actively maintained in Darien, along the Panama-Colombian border, by releasing 14 million sterile flies per week to avoid reintroductions. Due to its direct and indirect impact on the national economy, the logistic complexity and the cost of SIT control programs, much discussion is underway in Uruguay about NWS fly eradication. Direct economic losses due to myiasis in Uruguay oscillate between USD 40 and 154 million annually (i.e., between 2-8% of livestock Gross Domestic Product, GDP). Currently, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN/International Atomic Energy Agency (FAO/IAEA) and the US Department of Agriculture/Panama United States Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworm/ Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries (USDA/COPEG/MGAP) have been working on eradication proposals for Uruguay. Cost-benefit analysis of each group concluded that a net present value of around USD 98 million and USD 146 million could be achieved, respectively, supporting the positive impact of NWS fly eradication at local farmers and the whole livestock sector levels. The main challenge of this endeavor is to find a way to keep the myiasis-free status of Uruguay in case that its neighbors, Argentina and Brazil, do not engage in a similar program, at least for their southernmost region. Here we review the bulk of bibliography produced since the beginning of NWS eradication programs in North America during the 40s decade, its life cycle and parasitic lifestyle as well as many aspects of its population genetics and ecology. We further discuss promising biotechnological approaches under active development based on transgenesis and CRISPR/Cas genome-editing, that are considered the new avenue in insect-control strategies. Balance among innovation and regulation framework is considered based on lessons learned. Currently, a CRISPR/Cas gene editing strategy for gene drive is being investigated in Uruguay, a development conducted with national funds, what guarantees its complete control and local institutions, authorities and ultimately livestock producers can be the biotechnology owners. Finally, we highlight the know-how that will be generated opening the possibility to locally develop new genetic-based control strategies for other parasites and/or vector insects of high veterinary and public health relevance.

Resumo: “Mosca-da-bicheira” ou “bicheira” são nomes comuns utilizados no Uruguai e na região para Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), principal agente etiológico de miíase primária. A miíase ocorre devido a infestação de animais vivos por larvas de dípteros que, pelo menos durante uma parte do desenvolvimento, se alimentam dos tecidos e fluidos do hospedeiro. A mosca-da-bicheira é um parasita obrigatório e os três estágios larvais se desenvolvem nos tecidos vivos de hospedeiros de sangue quente, incluindo o homem. Esse comportamento parasitário causa grandes perdas econômicas na pecuária, além de ser considerado um problema negligenciado de saúde pública. A espécie C. hominivorax é endêmica das regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América, mas foi erradicada da América do Norte e Central por um programa, que se estendeu por mais de 50 anos, de Manejo Integrado de Pragas em Áreas Extensas (em inglês AW-IPM) baseado na Técnica do Inseto Estéril (TIE). Desde 2004, mantém-se uma barreira em Darien, fronteira entre Panamá e Colômbia, onde são liberadas 14 milhões de moscas estéreis/semana, para evitar sua reintrodução. Devido ao impacto direto e indireto na economia nacional, a complexa logística e custo do controle baseado na TIE, o Uruguai atualmente está discutindo estratégias para sua erradicação. As perdas diretas por miíase no país oscilam entre USD 40-154 milhões anuais (i.e., 2-8% do PIB da pecuária). Atualmente, a FAO/IAEA (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Atomic Energy Agency) e USDA/COPEG/MGAP (Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos/Panama United States Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworm/ Ministério de Pecuária, Agricultura e Pesca do Uruguai) tem trabalhado em propostas para a erradicação no Uruguai. A análise de custo - benefício de cada grupo indica um valor líquido de aproximadamente USD 98 milhões e USD 146 milhões, respectivamente, indicando o impacto positivo da erradicação da mosca-da-bicheira para os produtores locais, assim como para toda a pecuária. Porém, uma vez alcançado o estado de livre de miíase no Uruguai, o principal desafio será sua manutenção caso Argentina e Brasil não iniciem um programa similar, pelo menos na região pampeana. Neste contexto, realizamos aqui uma revisão bibliográfica, incluindo o programa de controle na América do Norte e Central, desde o seu início durante a década de 1940 até a erradicação da espécie nestas regiões, bem como informações sobre o ciclo de vida e parasitismo, e também aspectos da genética de populações e ecologia. Além disso, discutimos algumas ferramentas biotecnológicas, baseadas em transgênese e edição gênica por CRISPR/Cas, em desenvolvimento e que prometem se transformar nas novas estratégias de controle de insetos. Discutimos o balanço entre inovação e regulação com base nas lições aprendidas. Atualmente, no Uruguai, se investiga uma estratégia de edição gênica por CRISPR/Cas para desenvolver um gene drive com financiamento de fundos nacionais, o que garante o controle completo, e instituições locais, autoridades e produtores podem ser os proprietários da biotecnologia. Finalmente, o conhecimento gerado abre a possibilidade para desenvolver localmente novas estratégias biotecnológicas para o controle de outros parasitas e/ou insetos vetores relevantes na saúde animal e pública.