Abstract (Introduction): Vinasse is generated as a residue in the production of ethanol by fermentation-distillation of molasses/sugar cane juice, at a rate of 13 L/L of ethanol. It is an acid liquid, brown in color, characterized by high mineralization and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values of up to 150 000 mg/L, being highly polluting. (Objective): The objective of this research was to evaluate a vinasse treatment process with hydrogen peroxide as a source of hydroxyl radicals at laboratory scale. (Methodology): The vinasse samples, from different distilleries in the province of Tucumán, were characterized following standardized techniques of Standard Methods. The oxidation tests were carried out with different peroxide/vinasses ratios, in a semi-batch reactor, under ambient conditions, measuring COD as an indicator parameter of the treatment. (Results): After 5 days, an 85 % decrease in COD and an increase in the Biodegradability Index were achieved. The kinetics of the oxidative reaction was first order with respect to COD, with an apparent rate constant of 0.3694 1/day. (Conclusions): Although the COD values allowed by local regulations (250 mg/L) were not reached, the proposed treatment is encouraging due to its simplicity, representing a potential option to the environmental challenge represented by vinaze in Latin America.

Resumen (Introducción): La vinaza se genera como residuo en la producción de etanol por fermentación-destilación de melazas/jugos de caña de azúcar, a razón de 13 L/L de etanol. Es un efluente líquido, ácido caracterizado por una elevada mineralización y valores de demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) de hasta 150 000 mg/L, siendo altamente contaminante. (Objetivo): Ealuar un proceso de tratamiento de vinazas con peróxido de hidrógeno, como fuente de radicales hidroxilos, en escala laboratorio. (Metodología): Las muestras de vinazas, de destilerías de la provincia de Tucumán, se caracterizaron según técnicas normalizadas de Standard Methods. Los ensayos de oxidación se realizaron con distintas relaciones de peróxido/vinaza, en un reactor semibatch, en condiciones ambientales, midiendo DQO como parámetro indicador del tratamiento. (Resultados): Al cabo de cinco días se logró una disminución de DQO del 85 % y un aumento del Índice de Biodegradabilidad. La cinética de la reacción oxidativa fue de primer orden respecto de DQO, con una constante aparente de velocidad de 0.3694 1/día. (Conclusiones): Si bien no se lograron los valores de DQO permitidos por la normativa local (250 mg/L), el tratamiento propuesto es alentador por su simpleza, representando una opción potencial al desafío ambiental que representan las vinazas en América Latina.

ABSTRACT The production process of non-centrifuged cane sugar (NCS) involves a significant release of steam and heat due to the evaporation of cane juices in saucepans over a solid fuel oven. This results in a warm and moisture-saturated environment, which can be suffocating for workers. This study aimed to evaluate the bioclimatic behavior of an NCS processing facility, based on the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index. In addition, solutions are suggested to mitigate possible adverse effects of heat stress. This evaluation utilized computational simulations to determine the thermal comfort perceived by the workers. The accuracy of simulations was verified against temperature and relative air humidity data collected from the facility. Bioclimatic simulations encompassed twelve treatments, involving modifications to the enclosure on the walls and lantern window, incorporating three types of roof material. The WBGT index was determined by considering the effects of the radiant heat generated by the oven and the natural ventilation area on the facility’s temperature and relative air humidity. This helps to assess the comfort experienced by the workers. The thermal zone of the oven presented heat stress conditions; therefore, rest periods and mechanical ventilation were suggested when dissipating heat and steam through natural ventilation is not possible. For workers exposed to high temperatures and thermal radiation, the use of an aluminized apron and infrared goggles for eye protection was recommended. noncentrifuged non centrifuged (NCS moisturesaturated moisture saturated environment facility (WBGT addition treatments window material facilitys s conditions therefore radiation recommended

RESUMO O processo de produção de rapadura gera alta concentração de vapor e calor devido à evaporação do caldo da cana em panelas sobre forno a combustível sólido. Isso gera um ambiente quente e saturado de umidade que pode ser sufocante para os trabalhadores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições ambientais de uma instalação de processamento de rapadura, com base no Índice de Bulbo Úmido e Temperatura de Globo (IBUTG) e sugerir soluções para mitigar possíveis efeitos adversos do estresse térmico. Esta avaliação utilizou simulação computacional para determinar o conforto térmico dos trabalhadores. A simulação foi validada com dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar da instalação. As simulações bioclimáticas foram realizadas em doze tratamentos, modificando o fechamento nas paredes e lanternim, com três tipos de materiais de cobertura. Foi determinado o Índice IBUTG, considerando os efeitos do calor radiante gerado pelo forno, e pela área de ventilação natural sobre a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar no interior da instalação, e seu efeito no conforto dos trabalhadores. A zona térmica do forno apresentou condições de estresse térmico, portanto, foram sugeridos períodos de descanso e ventilação mecânica quando não for possível a evacuação do calor e vapor através da ventilação natural. O uso de avental aluminizado e óculos infravermelhos para proteção ocular foi recomendado para os trabalhadores expostos a altas temperaturas e radiação térmica. sólido IBUTG (IBUTG tratamentos lanternim cobertura portanto

Resumen La investigación tiene como objetivo la elaboración de un modelo agrometeorológico de pronóstico del rendimiento agrícola azucarero. Se tomaron los rendimientos por cepas y totales, área de cada cepa y total, y edad de la plantación de 13 Unidades Empresariales de Base de las provincias Cienfuegos, Sancti Spíritus y Ciego de Ávila en el período 1980-2015; así como, registros mensuales de precipitación, temperatura media y evapotranspiración de siete estaciones meteorológicas. Se calculó el Índice Potencial Productivo según la fase fenológica en la que se encuentre para comprobar su grado de efectividad. Para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizó el tabulador Excel, STATISTICA versión 8.0.5 y el módulo matemático SciPy. La efectividad de las estimaciones de rendimiento agrícola obtenidas con el modelo presentado para las zafras 2011 - 2015, se comparó usando el coeficiente de determinación R2, analizando la relación establecida entre las variables regresoras y el predictando. El modelo de regresión lineal múltiple permite realizar pronósticos de rendimiento agrícola con precisión y ajuste, en dependencia de los escenarios comerciales concretos de la producción cañera del país. La provincia Ciego de Ávila revela, de las tres en estudio, el mayor grado de efectividad en la estimación del rendimiento agrícola de la caña de azúcar.

Abstract The objective of the research is the development of an agrometeorological model for forecasting sugar agricultural yield. The yields by strains and totals, area of each strain and total, and age of the plantation were taken from 13 Management Business Units in the Cienfuegos, Sancti Spíritus and Ciego de Ávila provinces in the period 1980-2015; as well as monthly records of precipitation, average temperature and evapotranspiration from seven meteorological stations. The Productive Potential Index was calculated according to the phenological phase in which it is found to verify its degree of effectiveness. For statistical processing, the Excel tabulator, STATISTICA version 8.0.5 and the SciPy mathematical module were used. The effectiveness of the agricultural yield estimates obtained with the model presented for the 2011 - 2015 harvests was compared using the coefficient of determination R2, analyzing the relationship established between the regressor variables and the predictand. The multiple linear regression model allows agricultural performance forecasts to be made with precision and adjustment, depending on the specific commercial scenarios of the country's sugarcane production. The province of Ciego de Ávila reveals, of the three under study, the highest degree of effectiveness in estimating the agricultural yield of sugar cane.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to develop the mobile application that allows determining the number of means of transport, in the process of mechanized harvesting of sugar cane, for different transportation distances, field performance and capacity of the means of transport used (20 and 60 t). It is a mobile application, designed in Android, based on the analytical modeling carried out by the SMCTCA software, developed by a group of authors at the Center for Agricultural Mechanization (CEMA). With the CMT application it is possible to evaluate the mechanized process of harvesting and transporting sugar cane, for different operation conditions, enabling the rational organization of the system with an increase in the time utilization coefficient, productivity and a decrease in expenses of operation.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar la aplicación móvil que permite determinar la cantidad de medios de transporte, en el proceso de cosecha mecanizada de la caña de azúcar, para diferentes distancias de transportación, rendimiento del campo y capacidad de los medios de transporte empleados (20 y 60 t). Es una aplicación móvil, diseñada en Android, basada en la modelación analítica que realiza el software SMCTCA, elaborado por un grupo de autores en el Centro de Mecanización Agropecuaria (CEMA). Con la aplicación CMT es posible la evaluación del proceso mecanizado de cosecha y transporte de caña de azúcar, para diferentes condiciones de explotación, posibilitando la organización racional del sistema con el incremento del coeficiente de utilización del tiempo, la productividad y la disminución de los gastos de explotación.

Resumen La estevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) es un endulzante no calórico natural, es más dulce que el azúcar de caña de 15 a 30 o de 200 a 300 veces en hoja y extracto, respectivamente. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento y desarrollo de estevia con fertilización química y orgánica. Se estableció un experimento bajo un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con siete tratamientos y el testigo: T1 (humus 400 g/planta), T2 (gallinaza 300 g/planta), T3 químico (180N-60P-92K), T4 (humus + gallinaza), T5 (humus + químico), T6 (gallinaza + químico), T7 (humus + gallinaza + químico) y el testigo (sin fertilizar). Se realizaron cuatro muestreos, a los 35, 57, 79 y 99 días después del trasplante (ddt), en cada muestro se evaluó la longitud de raíz (LR), altura de planta (AP), área foliar (AF), peso seco de raíces (PSr), tallos (PSt), hojas (PSh) y total (PSTo); además, se calculó la tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR), tasa de asimilación neta (TAN), relación de área foliar (RAF), relación de peso foliar (RPF), área foliar específica (AFE) y coeficiente de partición de biomasa (CPB) de raíz, tallo y hojas. Los resultados muestran que el tratamiento con aplicación de humus produjo la mayor AP (95.1 cm) y LR (33.5 cm) a los 99 y 79 ddt. Los tratamientos humus y gallinaza mostraron el mayor PSr (13.13 y 11.47 g), respectivamente, a los 99 ddt. El mejor tratamiento fue 400 g humus/planta + químico (180N-60P-92K), ya que se obtuvo la mayor AF (4118.7 cm2), PSt (38.4 g) y PSh (44.9 g) a los 99 ddt. En PSTo a los 99ddt todos los tratamientos fueron estadísticamente iguales pero superiores al testigo. No hubo diferencias en TRC y TAN a los 99 ddt. Como conclusión, la fertilización con fuentes individuales de humus y gallinaza generan buenos resultados y éstos se incrementan si se mezclan con fertilización química.

Summary Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a natural non-caloric sweetener, it is 15-30 or 200-300 times sweeter than cane sugar in leaf and extract, respectively. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of stevia with chemical and organic fertilization. An experiment was established under a randomized complete block experimental design with seven treatments and the control: T1 (humus 400 g/plant), T2 (chicken manure 300 g/plant), T3 chemical (180N-60P-92K), T4 (humus + chicken manure), T5 (humus + chemical), T6 (chicken manure + chemical), T7 (humus + chicken manure + chemical) and the control (unfertilized). Four samplings were carried out at 35, 57, 79 and 99 days after transplantation (dat), in each sample the root length (RL), plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), dry weight of roots (RDW), stems (SDW), leaves (LDW) and total (TDW); were evaluated in addition, the relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), specific leaf area (SLA) and biomass partition coefficient (BPC) of root, stem and leaves were calculated. Results show that the treatment with humus application produced the highest PH (95.1 cm) and RL (33.5 cm) at 99 and 79 dat. The humus and chicken manure treatments showed the highest RDW (13.13 and 11.47 g), respectively, at 99 dat. The best treatment was 400 g humus/plant + chemical (180N-60P92K), as the highest LA (4118.7 cm2), SDW (38.4 g) and LDW (44.9 g) were obtained at 99 dat. In TDW at 99 dat all treatments were statistically equal but higher than the control. There were no differences in RGR and NAR at 99 dat. As a conclusion, fertilization with individual sources of humus and chicken manure generates good results and these are increased if mixed with chemical fertilization.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Water pollution by hydrocarbons is a worldwide concern due to its environmental and economic impact. Several highly effective synthetic sorbent materials have been developed to control oil spills, but the additional storage or disposal costs are high. Objective: To evaluate agro-industrial wastes (sugar cane bagasse and pine sawdust) and their mixtures, as biosorbent materials for the removal of hydrocarbons in water. Materials and Methods: Natural bagasse (NB) and pine sawdust (PS) were sieved to obtain a uniform biomass. The studies are carried out with granulometries (+1 -2 mm) and (+0.315 - 1 mm) for NB and PS for the mass percentages and homogeneity of the fractions. Humidity, real density, apparent density, porosity and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled to EDX were determined for the selected material. To determine the maximum sorption capacity (Ca) of NB and PS, diesel (32.7 ºAPI) was used. An experimental design 22 was carried out. Statgraphics Centurion XV.II software was used for statistical analysis. Results and discussion: The results obtained show that the highest (Ca) was reached with (+0.315 -1 mm) and 80%NB/20%PS and 50%NB/50%PS mixtures. The results obtained show that the most influential variable on (Ca) is the biosorbent concentration. Conclusions: It is concluded that it is possible to use agricultural waste (NB and PS) and their mixtures as biosorbent materials, in non-conventional and sustainable treatments for the removal of hydrocarbons in water.

RESUMEN Introducción: La contaminación de las aguas por hidrocarburos es una preocupación mundial debido a su impacto ambiental y económico. Se han desarrollado varios materiales sorbentes sintéticos muy efectivos para controlar los derrames de hidrocarburos, pero los costos adicionales de almacenamiento o disposición final son elevados. Objetivo: Evaluar residuos agroindustriales (bagazo de caña de azúcar y aserrín de pino) y sus mezclas, como materiales biosorbentes para la remoción de hidrocarburos en agua. Materiales y Métodos: El bagazo natural (BN) y el aserrín de pino (AP) fueron tamizados para obtener una biomasa uniforme. Los estudios se realizan con granulometrías (+1 -2 mm) y (+ 0,315 - 1 mm) para el BN y el AP por los porcentajes másicos y la homogeneidad de las fracciones. Al material seleccionado se le determinó: humedad, densidad real, densidad aparente, porosidad y Microscopía Electrónica de Barredura (SEM) acoplada a EDX. Para la determinación de la máxima capacidad de sorción (Ca) de BN y AP, se utilizó diésel (32,7 ºAPI). Se realizó un diseño experimental 22. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software Statgraphics Centurión XV.II. Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la mayor (Ca) se alcanzó con (+0,315 -1 mm) y mezclas 80%BN/20%AP y 50%BN/50%AP. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la variable más influyente en la (Ca) es la concentración de biosorbente. Conclusiones: Se concluye que es posible la utilizar de residuos agrícolas (BN y AP) y sus mezclas como materiales biosorbentes, en tratamientos no convencionales y sostenibles para la remoción de hidrocarburos en agua.

Abstract In this text we present a short description of the relationship between the immigration of foreigners and the rise of the sugar cane mill during the context of the 19th century. The Royal Decree of Graces of 1815 facilitated the immigration of foreigners, and many of them established sugar mills in different parts of the country. In this article, it will also be described the case of the mills of the central-eastern region, placing greater emphasis on the case of the municipality of Juncos.

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos una breve descripción de la relación entre la inmigración de extranjeros y el auge del ingenio de caña azúcar durante el contexto del siglo XIX. La Real Cédula de Gracias de 1815 facilitó la inmigración de extranjeros y muchos de ellos establecieron ingenios azucareros en diversos lugares del país. En el artículo también se describirá el caso de los ingenios de la región centro oriental, haciendo mayor énfasis en el municipio de Juncos.

Agroindustrial processes related to sugar cane generate agricultural waste that, for the most part, is not treated adequately and is often finally burned. This poor waste management leads to socio-economic and environmental problems, such as air, soil, and water pollution. The biomass of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) is mainly made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the latter is a complex biopolymer which represents challenges for its degradation due to its resistance to chemical and physical treatments naturally in the environment. Therefore, the use of microorganisms and enzymes in the biological treatment of lignocellulosic materials promotes sustainability. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify the most efficient method to achieve the total decomposition of insoluble lignin present in sugarcane biomass, using four different methodological approaches to achieve integration into soils, closing the cycle. The methods used in this study achieved complete degradation of insoluble lignin, therefore, the application of solid matrix discs inoculated with Pleurotus ostreatus is recommended for the degradation of insoluble lignin.

Los procesos agroindustriales relacionados con la caña de azúcar generan residuos agrícolas que, en su mayoría, no son tratados adecuadamente y a menudo son finalmente quemados. Esta gestión deficiente de los residuos conlleva problemas socioeconómicos y medioambientales, como la contaminación del aire, el suelo y el agua. La biomasa de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) está constituido principalmente de celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina, siendo esta última un biopolímero complejo que representa desafíos para su degradación debido a su resistencia a tratamientos físicoquímicos y de manera natural en el ambiente, de forma que, la utilización de microorganismos y enzimas en el tratamiento biológico de materiales lignocelulósicos fomenta la sostenibilidad. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta investigación consistió en identificar el método más eficiente para lograr la descomposición total de la lignina insoluble presente en la biomasa de caña de azúcar, utilizando cuatro enfoques metodológicos distintos a fin de lograr la integración a los suelos, cerrando el ciclo. Los métodos empleados en este estudio lograron la degradación completa de lignina insoluble, por lo cual, se recomienda la aplicación de discos de matriz sólida inoculados con Pleurotus ostreatus para la degradación de la lignina insoluble.

Abstract Planting with higher density in sugarcane is one of the practices used to overcome low productivity. However, this planting material is equivalent to 25% of the total cost of production, being one of the main expenses for cultivation. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of sugarcane as a function of planting density. The experiment was carried out at Usina Monte Alegre in the municipality of Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brazil, from March 2021 to January 2022 with the variety RB92579. Seven planting density were studied: T1: 7 gems m-1, T2: 10 gems m-1, T3: 12 gems m-1, T4: 11 gems m-1, T5: 15 gems m-1, T6: 17 gems m-1, T7: 24 gems m-1, in randomized blocks with four replications. Growth, productivity and economic viability were evaluated. The highest productivity of cane and sugar, 77.69 ton ha-1 and 10.390 ton ha-1, respectively, was with planting density of 17 and 24 gems-1. While the minimum productivity of cane (61.313 ton ha-1) and sugar (7.924 ton ha-1) was recorded at sowing density of 7 and 11 gems-1. However, cultivation density with 7 and 10 gems m-1 were the ones that provided the highest profitability around 50%, followed by density of 12, 15 and 17 gems m-1 with an average of 45% profit and 11 and 24 gems m-1 with the lowest proportion of profit on average 38%. The cultivation with 17 gems m-1 of cane provides in cane-plant, variety RB92579, greater productivity with a profit rate of 45%, being the most suitable. However 25 production sense Mamanguape Paraíba Brazil 202 RB92579 RB studied T1 T m1, m1 m 1, 1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 2 replications Growth evaluated 7769 77 69 77.6 ha1 ha ha- 10390 390 10.39 ha1, respectively gems1. gems1 1. gems-1 61.313 61313 61 313 (61.31 7.924 7924 924 (7.92 m- 50 50% 45 38 38% caneplant, caneplant plant, plant cane-plant suitable 20 RB9257 776 6 77. 1039 39 10.3 gems- 61.31 6131 31 (61.3 7.92 792 92 (7.9 5 4 3 RB925 103 10. 61.3 613 (61. 7.9 79 9 (7. RB92 61. (61 7. (7 RB9 (6 (

Resumo O plantio com maiores densidades na cana-de-açúcar é uma das práticas utilizadas para superar a baixa produtividade. Contudo, esse material de plantio equivale a 25% do custo total de produção, sendo uma das principais despesas para o cultivo. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar a produtividade e viabilidade econômica de cana-de-açúcar em função das densidades de plantio. O experimento foi realizado na Usina Monte Alegre no município de Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brasil, durante março de 2021 a janeiro de 2022 com a variedade RB92579. Sendo estudadas sete densidades de plantio: 7,10, 12, 13, 15, 17 e 24 gemas m-1, em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o crescimento, a produtividade e a viabilidade econômica. A maior produtividade de cana e açúcar, 77,69 ton ha-1 e 10,390 ton ha-1, respectivamente, foi obtida com as densidades de plantio de 17 e 24 gemas-1. Enquanto a produtividade mínima de cana (61,313 ton ha-1) e açúcar (7,924 ton ha-1) foi registrada nas densidades de semeadura de 7 e 11 gemas-1. Contudo, as densidades de cultivo com 7 e 10 gemas m-1 foram as que proporcionam maior lucratividade em torno de 50%, seguida das densidades 12, 15 e 17 gemas m-1 com média de 45% de lucro e 11 e 24 gemas m-1 com menor proporção de lucro em média 38%. O cultivo com 17 gemas m-1 de cana proporciona em cana planta, variedade RB92579, maior produtividade com índice de lucro de 45%, sendo a mais indicada. canadeaçúcar Contudo 25 produção sentido Mamanguape Paraíba Brasil 202 RB92579 RB 710 7,10 12 13 1 2 m1, m1 m 1, repetições crescimento 7769 77 69 77,6 ha1 ha ha- 10390 390 10,39 ha1, respectivamente gemas1. gemas1 1. gemas-1 61,313 61313 61 313 (61,31 7,924 7924 924 (7,92 m- 50 50% 45 38 38% planta indicada 20 RB9257 71 7,1 776 6 77, 1039 39 10,3 gemas- 61,31 6131 31 (61,3 7,92 792 92 (7,9 5 4 3 RB925 7, 103 10, 61,3 613 (61, 7,9 79 9 (7, RB92 61, (61 (7 RB9 (6 (

Abstract: This paper projects and analyzes the regional impacts of climate change on the agricultural productivity of family farming and large-scale agriculture in Brazil between 2021 and 2050, using the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The methodology adopted consists of a cross-sectional estimation of a production function in which agricultural productivity is determined by climatic, geographic, and productive factors. The study contributes to the literature by disaggregating agricultural production into family farming and large-scale agriculture, indicating the magnitude and direction of impacts by crops and regions in Brazil, a country with a great territorial dimension and relevant and heterogeneous agricultural production. The results indicate that the agricultural productivity of family farming is more sensitive and therefore this type of producer could be more vulnerable to the phenomenon. On average, the effects will be negative in the North/Northeast regions and for cassava, maize, beans, and soybeans, with possible impacts on deforestation and on food supply. Productivity gains are expected in the southern region and for the cultivation of sugar cane and soybeans. Deterioration of food security of the vulnerable farmers and regional disparities may increase in Brazil. Abstract largescale large scale 202 2050 45 4 5 4. 85 8 8. scenarios crosssectional cross sectional climatic geographic factors phenomenon average NorthNortheast North Northeast cassava maize beans soybeans supply 20 205 2

Resumo: O artigo analisa os impactos regionais das mudanças climáticas sobre a produtividade agrícola por cultivo da agricultura familiar e patronal no Brasil, utilizando os cenários RCP 4.5 e RCP 8.5 (IPCC, 2014), entre os anos de 2021 e 2050. A estratégia metodológica consiste na estimação em cross section de uma função de produção em que os resultados em termos de produtividade agrícola são determinados por fatores climáticos, geográficos e produtivos. O estudo contribui para a literatura, ao desagregar a produção agrícola em familiar e patronal, indicando a magnitude e a direção dos impactos, por cultivo e por Unidade da Federação no Brasil, pais de grande dimensão territorial e relevante e heterogênea produção agrícola. Os resultados indicaram que a agricultura familiar apresentaria maior sensibilidade, e portanto, maior vulnerabilidade ao fenômeno. Em média, os efeitos seriam negativos nas regiões Norte/Nordeste e para mandioca, milho, feijão e soja, com possíveis impactos no desmatamento e na oferta de alimentos. Esperam-se ganhos de produtividade na região Sul e para o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar e soja. A deterioração da segurança alimentar dos agricultores vulneráveis e as disparidades regionais poderiam aumentar no Brasil. Resumo Brasil 45 4 5 4. 85 8 8. IPCC, IPCC (IPCC 2014, 2014 , 2014) 202 2050 climáticos produtivos literatura sensibilidade portanto fenômeno média NorteNordeste Norte Nordeste mandioca milho soja alimentos Esperamse Esperam se canadeaçúcar cana açúcar 201 20 205 2

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the effect of sugarcane juice and the addition of commercial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. bayanus (≥ 1 × 1010 cfu/g) during the fermentation of coffee to the beverage’s sensory characteristics and the coffee bean’s chemical composition. A completely randomized experimental design with two replicates is carried out for four treatments, distributed as follows: i) water addition (0.78 kg), ii) sugar cane juice addition (0.78 kg), iii) sugar cane juice addition (0.78 kg) combined with yeast Oenoferm® Freddo (0.12 g) and iv) sugar cane juice addition (0.78 kg) combined with yeast Oenoferm® Color (0.12 g). After fermentation and drying, the samples were subjected to medium roasting and analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and sensory analysis according to the methodology of the Specialty Coffee Association. The implementation of organic additives directly affected the attributes and sensory notes, allowing coffee to be classified as a specialty coffee with a score above 80 points. Adding sugar cane juice or a combination of sugar cane juice and Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed promising results in improving coffee beverage quality. Additionally, chemometric analysis of the infrared spectrum showed that the chemical characteristics of roasted coffee were affected, which correlated with the sensory results. The addition of cane juice only (T2) and the Oenoferm® Freddo yeast strain (T3) presented the best sensory quality. var ≥ ( 101 cfu/g cfug cfu g beverages s beans bean composition treatments follows i 0.78 078 0 78 (0.7 kg, kg , ii iii Oenoferm 0.12 012 12 (0.1 iv g. . drying Association notes 8 points quality Additionally T2 T (T2 T3 (T3 10 0.7 07 7 (0. 0.1 01 (T 0. (0

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do caldo de cana-de-açúcar e da adição levedura comercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. bayanus (≥ 1 × 1010 cfu/g) durante a fermentação do café nas características sensoriais da bebida e na composição química do grão de café. Foi realizado um experimento completamente aleatório com duas repetições para quatro tratamentos, distribuídos da seguinte forma: i) adição de água (0.78 kg), ii) adição de caldo de cana-de-açúcar (0.78 kg), iii) adição de caldo de cana-de-açúcar (0.78 kg) combinado com a levedura Oenoferm® Freddo (0.78 kg) e iv) adição de caldo de cana-de-açúcar (0.78 kg) combinado com a levedura Oenoferm® Color (0.78 kg). Após fermentação e a secagem, as amostras sáo submetidas à torrefação média e analisadas por espectroscopia de infravermelho e análise sensorial de acordo com a metodologia da Specialty Coffee Association. A implementação de aditivos orgânicos afetou diretamente os atributos e as notas sensoriais, permitindo que o café fosse classificado como um café especial com uma pontuação acima de 80 pontos. A adição de suco de cana-de-açúcar ou de uma combinação de suco de cana-de-açúcar e Saccharomyces cerevisiae apresentou resultados promissores na melhorar da qualidade da bebida do cafe. Além disso, a análise quimiométrica do espectro infravermelho mostrou que as características químicas do café torrado foram afetadas, o que se correlacionou com os resultados sensoriais. A adição apenas de suco de cana (T2) e da cepa de levedura Oenoferm® Freddo (T3) apresentou a melhor qualidade sensorial. canadeaçúcar açúcar var ≥ ( 101 cfu/g cfug cfu g tratamentos forma i 0.78 078 0 78 (0.7 kg, kg , ii iii Oenoferm iv kg. . secagem Association 8 pontos cafe disso afetadas T2 T (T2 T3 (T3 10 0.7 07 7 (0. (T 0. (0

RESUMEN El envejecimiento poblacional es un fenómeno que ocurre en todos los países en mayor o menor grado, lo que provoca un incremento en el número y proporción de las personas ancianas. En Cuba esta proporción ha tenido un crecimiento progresivo, que sobrepasa el 18%, o sea, casi la quinta parte de los cubanos ya superan las seis décadas. Cada vez son más las investigaciones enfocadas al estudio de factores de riesgo, manifestaciones clínicas y enfermedades presentes en esta población; la osteoporosis, la osteoartritis, el climaterio y la menopausia, son algunos de ellas, y mucho más las investigaciones enfocadas al estudio de terapéuticas farmacológicas y no farmacológicas para prevenirlas o tratarlas, con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de vida de la población afectada. El Prevenox es una mezcla de ácidos primarios alifáticos de alto peso molecular obtenida de la cera de caña de azúcar, con efectos antioxidantes, hipolipemiantes, antiagregantes plaquetarios, y osteoprotectores, demostrados en estudios preclínicos y clínicos, además de resultar seguro y muy bien tolerado. El objetivo de esta revisión es abordar al Prevenox y sus efectos beneficiosos en la prevención o el tratamiento de afecciones osteomioarticulares frecuentes en personas de edad media y avanzada. Se expusieron, detallaron y analizaron las principales evidencias preclínicas y clínicas de los efectos del Prevenox sobre la osteoporosis y osteoartritis. Se concluye que el Prevenox constituye una alternativa para el manejo de afecciones osteomioarticulares en personas de edad media y avanzada, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad de vida de las mismas para que puedan llegar a un envejecimiento más saludable.

ABSTRACT Population aging is a phenomenon that occurs in all countries to a greater or lesser degree, which causes an increase in the number and proportion of elderly people. In Cuba this proportion has had a progressive growth, which exceeds 18%, that is, almost a fifth of Cubans are now over six decades old. More research is focused on the study of risk factors, clinical manifestations and diseases present in this population; osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, climacteric and menopause are some of them, and much more research focused on the study of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies to prevent or treat them, with the purpose of improving the quality of life of the affected population. Prevenox is a mixture of high molecular weight aliphatic primary acids obtained from sugar cane wax, with antioxidant, lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, and osteoprotective effects, demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies, in addition to being safe and very well tolerated. The objective of this review is to address Prevenox and its beneficial effects in the prevention or treatment of common osteomyoarticular conditions in middle-aged and elderly people. The main preclinical and clinical evidence of the effects of Prevenox on osteoporosis and osteoarthritis were presented, detailed and analyzed. It´s concluded that Prevenox constitutes an alternative for the management of osteomyoarticular conditions in middle-aged and elderly people, contributing to improving their quality of life so that they can achieve healthier aging.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing levels of babassu cake on the ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers in confinement. Twenty-four heifers with an average initial weight of 190.8 ± 40.8 kg were fed diets containing babassu cake (0, 100, 200, 300 mg kg-1 (dry matter basis) as a substitute for sugar cane, in a completely randomised design with four treatments and six replications. Observations were made every five minutes for 24 hours, assessing rumination, feeding, idle time, sleeping and other activities, in addition to the frequency with which the heifers searched for water, urinated and defecated. The time spent on feeding and rumination decreased by 0.1138% and 0.3106%, respectively, for every 10 g kg-1 substitute, while idle time increased by 0.3368% for every 10 g kg-1 substitute. The time spent sleeping and on other activities was not affected. Longer feeding times were seen whenever feed was offered, with more rumination activity at night. There was no effect on the specific activities (urination, defecation or drinking); however, urination and drinking were affected by the period, and was more frequent during the day. There was a linear increase in intake, and in feed and rumination efficiency for dry matter and neutral detergent fibre, with a reduction in total chewing time. Substituting babassu cake for sugar cane affects both the ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers and the rumination process as it does not stimulate chewing. confinement Twentyfour Twenty 1908 190 8 190. 408 40 40. 0, 0 (0 100 200 30 kg1 1 kg- basis replications 2 hours water defecated 01138 1138 0.1138 03106 3106 0.3106% respectively 03368 3368 0.3368 offered night urination, (urination drinking) however period day intake fibre 19 4 ( 20 3 0113 113 0.113 0310 310 0.3106 0336 336 0.336 011 11 0.11 031 31 0.310 033 33 0.33 01 0.1 03 0.31 0.3 0.

Abstract The goal of this research was to evaluate the flooding tolerance of sugarcane genotypes under recurring floods of both plant and ratoon canes. Control and recurring flood conditions were compared using 10 sugarcane genotypes. As a result of the flooding, cane height increased and tillering decreased. Flooding reduced cane yield and commercial cane sugar (CCS) yield, as well as the percentage of polarization (POL), purity, and CCS in sugarcane juice. Sugarcane flood tolerance varied by genotype, with KPS01-4-29 and SP94-2-483 having the highest flooding tolerance index and KK07-037, K95-84, and KK07-599 having the highest yield under flooded conditions. Furthermore, under flooded conditions, a relationship between yield traits, cane height, and cane number was observed in sugarcane (r = 0.45* to 0.92**). As a result of our research, flood-tolerant sugarcane genotypes could be selected. Sugarcane genotype selection for flooding tolerance could include cane height and cane number as indirect traits. canes 1 decreased (CCS POL, POL , (POL) purity juice KPS01429 KPS KPS01 4 29 KPS01-4-2 SP942483 SP SP94 2 483 SP94-2-48 KK07037, KK07037 KK KK07 037, 037 KK07-037 K9584, K9584 K K95 84, 84 K95-84 KK07599 599 KK07-59 Furthermore traits r 045 0 45 0.45 0.92**. 092 0.92** . 92 0.92**) floodtolerant tolerant selected (POL KPS0142 KPS0 KPS01-4- SP94248 SP9 48 SP94-2-4 KK0703 KK0 03 KK07-03 K958 K9 8 K95-8 KK0759 59 KK07-5 04 0.4 09 0.92* 9 KPS014 KPS01-4 SP9424 SP94-2- KK070 KK07-0 K95- KK075 5 KK07- 0. 0.92 KPS01- SP942 SP94-2 0.9 SP94-

RESUMEN En este estudio, diferentes concentraciones de azúcares totales de melaza de caña de azúcar de 0, 15, 30, 45 y 60 g/L fueron evaluadas para la producción de hidrógeno, etanol y 3-metil-1-butanol mediante fermentación oscura de Serratia marcescens (MZ413438). Los máximos valores de producción fueron de 3524.9 ± 5.1 mL/L para hidrógeno, 2611.7 ± 71 mg/L para etanol y 136.9 ± 0.3 mg/L para 3-metil-1-butanol, obtenidos para una concentración de 30 g/L. Los datos también nos muestran la sensibilidad de Serratia marcescens (MZ413438) a concentraciones de 60 g/L, obteniéndose valores de producción para hidrógeno de 1249 ± 29.2 mL/L, para etanol de 1603.2 ± 79.3 mg/L y para 3-metil-1-butanol de 100.4 ± 5.4 mg/L. Los hallazgos de este estudio incrementan la información sobre la producción de biocombustibles en el marco de un concepto de biorrefinería, y ofrecen bioprocesos alternativos para ser la generación de bioenergía a partir del tratamiento de residuos agroindustriales.

ABSTRACT In this study, different concentrations of total sugars of sugarcane molasses of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g/L were evaluated for the production of hydrogen, ethanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol by Serratia marcescens (MZ413438) in dark fermentation. The maximum values of production were 3524.9 ± 5.1 mL/L for hydrogen, 2611.7 ± 71 mg/L for ethanol, and 136.9 ± 0.3 mg/L for 3-methyl-1-butanol obtained for 30 g/L concentrations. The data also show the susceptibility of Serratia marcescens (MZ413438) to concentrations of 60 g/L, obtaining hydrogen production values of 1249 ± 29.2 mL/L, ethanol of 1603.2 ± 79.3 mg/L, and 3-methyl-1-butanol of 100.4 ± 5.4 mg/L. The findings in this study increase the information on the production of biofuels within the framework of a biorefinery concept and offer alternative bioprocesses to be used for the generation of bioenergy from the treatment of agro-industrial waste.