ABSTRACT • The possible production of fructo-oligosaccharides from sucrose was evaluated in the Base Business Unit (UEB) “Ignacio Agramonte'”, which currently produces sorbitol, with low exploitation of the installed capacity, due to lack of glucose. There was an opportunity in infrastructure, time and labor to convert the entity into a multipurpose plant. A simulation model of the technology for the production of fructo-oligosaccharide syrup from sucrose was developed, based on the enzymatic transformation of sucrose into fructo-oligosaccharides, using the recombinant enzyme 1-SST (1-sucrose: sucrose fructosyltransferase) expressed in Pichia pastoris, obtained at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology at Sancti Spiritus. Model validation yielded relative errors lesser than 5 %. Two improvement alternatives were evaluated based on increasing the production of FOS by using the actual installed capacity in the sorbitol factory (alternative 1) and also increasing the initial concentration of the sucrose solution (alternative 2). Feasibility of the alternatives was evaluated by comparing the annual net cash income (Anci) and expenses. Alternative 2 was the best, producing 841,5 t of fructo-oligosaccharides in 90 working days, with a benefit/cost ratio of 1,2.

RESUMEN • Se evaluó la posibilidad de incorporar la produccón de fructo-oligosacáridos a partir de sacarosa en la Unidad Empresarial de Base (UEB) “Ignacio Agramonte” que produce actualmente sorbitol, con un bajo aprovechamiento de la capacidad instalada por falta de glucosa, existiendo oportunidad en infraestructura, tiempo y mano de obra para convertir la entidad en una planta multipropósito. Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación de la tecnología de producción de sirope de fructo-oligosacáridos a partir de sacarosa, basada en la transformación enzimática de la sacarosa en fructo-oligosacáridos, utiizando la enzima recombinante 1-SST (1-sacarosa: sacarosa fructosiltransferasa) expresada en Pichia pastoris, obtenida en el Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Sancti Spiritus. La validación del modelo arrojó errores relativos menores que el 5 %. Se evaluaron dos alternativas de mejoras a partir de aumentar la producción de FOS al utilizar la capacidad real instalada en la fábrica de sorbitol (alternativa 1) y además aumentar la concentración inicial de la solución de sacarosa (alternativa 2). Se evaluó la factibilidad de las alternativas al comparar la ganancia anual después de impuestos (Anci) y los egresos. La alternativa 2 resultó la mejor, produciéndose con ella 841,5 t de fructo-oligosacáridos en 90 días de trabajo, con una relacion beneficio / costo de 1,2.

Abstract The development of living beings depends on the health and chemical quality of the available water. In recent years, the importance of the environment in the spread of resistant and multi-resistant bacteria to antibiotics has been observed, a situation that has placed the problem of antibiotic resistance on a broader level and which is being studied from the perspective “One Health”. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of multi-resistant bacteria to antibiotics in irrigation water samples from the Chibunga river. Fourteen water samples of 100 mL each were collected in sterile containers and aseptically, were kept under refrigeration until analysis in the laboratory. Each sample was seeded by the surface seeding method on blood, cystine electrolyte deficient, MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella and thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agars, incubating in all cases at a temperature of 37 °C for a maximum time of 48 hours. The identification of bacterial colonies was carried out through physiological and biochemical tests according to the identification schemes indicated by MacFaddin. The resistance/sensitivity to antibiotics of the identified colonies was carried out by the disk diffusion method of Kirby Bauer. Two species of multi-resistant bacteria were identified, including strains of Morganella morgani and Plesiomonas shigelloides resistant to antibiotics of clinical use such as ceftazidime, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The results show that the waters of Chibunga river harbor bacteria with multi-resistance to antimicrobials, representing a contamination risk of agricultural products harvested in its vicinity, as well as for the people who use these waters.

Resumen El bienestar y desarrollo de los seres vivos depende de la calidad sanitaria y química del agua disponible. En los últimos años se ha venido observando la importancia del ambiente en la diseminación de bacterias resistentes y multirresistentes a los antibióticos, situación que ha colocado la problemática de la resistencia en un plano más amplio y que se está estudiando desde la perspectiva “One Health”. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de bacterias multirresistentes a los antibióticos en muestras de agua de riego provenientes del río Chibunga. Se recolectaron 14 muestras de agua de un volumen de 100 mL cada una, en envases estériles y de manera aséptica, las cuales fueron conservadas bajo refrigeración hasta su análisis en el laboratorio. Cada muestra fue sembrada por el método de siembra en superficie en los agares cistina electrolito deficiente, MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella, tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa y agar sangre, incubándose en todos los casos a una temperatura de 37 °C durante un tiempo máximo de 48 horas. La identificación de las colonias bacterianas se realizó mediante pruebas fisiológicas y bioquímicas de acuerdo con los esquemas de identificación indicados por MacFaddin. El perfil de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos de las colonias identificadas se realizó por el método de difusión en disco de Kirby Bauer. Se lograron identificar 2 especies de bacterias multirresistentes, entre ellas, cepas de Morganella morganii y Plesiomonas shigelloides resistentes a antibióticos de uso clínico como ceftazidima, aztreonam, ciprofloxacino, ácido nalidíxico y trimetroprim-sulfametoxazol. Los resultados muestran que las aguas del río Chibunga albergan bacterias con multirresistencia a los antimicrobianos, representando un riesgo de contaminación de los productos agrícolas cosechados en sus inmediaciones, así como para las personas que utilizan estas aguas.

Abstract Cotton is an important fiber crop, with special significance in the historical, cultural, and socio- economic development of the planet. In Peru, the great color variability of cotton fibers has allowed the commercialization of numerous textile products throughout the centuries. At present, cotton species native to South America, such as Gossypium barbadense, are constantly threatened by anthropogenic factors, and thus there is a clear need for species conservation. Therefore, this study aimed to collect G. barbadense germplasm in Peru, characterize the germplasm by fiber color, and evaluate the application of different methods of germplasm conservation. The evaluated methods were seed bank, field techniques, and in vitro culture. Two hundred seventy-six samples of G. barbadense were collected between 2017 and 2021 and classified by fiber color into monochrome and polychrome of white (114 samples), orange (107) and brown (41). The conservation methods showed that the seed bank samples ranged from 50 g to 1 kg, while 95% of the field accessions survived. In addition, seedlings presented positive developmental responses when they were grown in vitro under modified MS culture, sucrose 2.0%, vitamins, glycine 2.0 mgL-1, and AgNO3 2.0 mg L-1. This study provides evidence of the color variability of G. barbadense distributed throughout Peru, and confirms that this species can be managed and conserved using germplasm conservation methods.

ABSTRACT In irrigated fields, sugarcane’s vegetative growth and carbohydrate consumption during ripening require ripener management options to improve crop yield. The hypothesis is that ripeners, together with nutrients, biostimulants, and amino acids, improve physiological responses that favor the quality of the raw material and increase the sucrose content. Consequently, the study aimed to evaluate the agro-industrial response of a fertigated sugarcane crop to ripening agents. The treatments consisted of applying chemical ripener (CR), nutritional ripener (NR), and a joint application of NR+CR, besides control with four replicates. Agro-industrial attributes (total soluble solids, apparent sucrose (AS), reducing sugars (RS), total recoverable sugar (TRS), purity, fiber, sucrose in the stalk (SS) were evaluated at 0 (before application), 12, 19, 36, and 60 days after application (DAA). The time modified the technological attributes of sugarcane under ripener application. The highest apparent sucrose and total soluble solids values were obtained with NR+CR compared to the control. The NR and NR+CR treatments presented the highest TRS contents (150 kg Mg-1) at 36 DAA. Furthermore, the NR+CR treatment increased fiber content but did not compromise the quality of the raw material, and it showed high contents of SS and purity percentage, as well as low contents of RS. The chemical and nutritional ripeners efficiently promoted sugarcane ripening in areas without drying off before harvest. NR application at the end of the cycle can potentially increase sugar yield. fields sugarcanes s yield nutrients biostimulants acids Consequently agroindustrial agro industrial agents CR, CR , (CR) NR, (NR) NRCR replicates Agroindustrial Agro AS, AS (AS) RS, RS (RS) TRS, (TRS) (SS application, application) 12 19 6 DAA . (DAA) 150 (15 Mg1 Mg 1 Mg-1 3 Furthermore percentage harvest (CR (NR (AS (RS (TRS (DAA 15 (1 Mg- (

RESUMO Em ambientes irrigados, o crescimento vegetativo da cana-de-açúcar e o consumo de carboidratos durante a maturação requerem o manejo de maturadores para aumentar a produtividade da cultura. A combinação de maturadores, com nutrientes e bioestimulantes como os aminoácidos, pode promover respostas fisiológicas que favorecem a qualidade da matéria-prima e aumentam o teor de sacarose. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta agroindustrial da cultura de cana-de-açúcar fertirrigada aos agentes de maturação. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de maturador químico (MQ), nutricional (MN), aplicação conjunta de MN+MQ e controle com quatro repetições. Os atributos agroindustriais (sólidos solúveis totais, sacarose aparente (AS), açúcares redutores (AR), açúcares totais recuperáveis (ATR), pureza, fibra, sacarose no colmo (SS) foram avaliados em 0 (antes da aplicação), 12, 19, 36 e 60 dias após aplicação (DAA). O tempo modificou os atributos tecnológicos da cana-de-açúcar sob aplicação de maturador. Os maiores valores de caldo AS e sólidos solúveis totais foram obtidos no MN+MQ em relação ao controle. Os tratamentos MN e MN+MQ apresentaram os maiores teores de ATR (150 kg Mg-1), aos 36 DAA. Além disso, o tratamento MN+MQ aumentou o teor de fibra, mas não comprometeu a qualidade da matéria-prima, e apresentou altos teores de SC e pureza, bem como baixos teores de AR. Os maturadores químicos e nutricionais foram eficientes em promover o amadurecimento da cana-de-açúcar em áreas sem secagem antes da colheita. A aplicação de MN no final do ciclo tem potencial para aumentar a produtividade de açúcar. irrigados canadeaçúcar cana açúcar aminoácidos matériaprima matéria prima forma MQ, MQ , (MQ) MN, (MN) MNMQ repetições AS, (AS) AR, AR (AR) ATR, (ATR) pureza fibra SS (SS aplicação, aplicação) 12 19 3 6 DAA . (DAA) 150 (15 Mg1, Mg1 Mg 1 Mg-1) disso matériaprima, prima, colheita (MQ (MN (AS (AR (ATR (DAA 15 (1 Mg-1 ( Mg-

ABSTRACT The need for studies that allow the use of brackish water in irrigated agriculture and the socioeconomic importance of melon cultivation in Brazil, especially for the Northeast region, which concentrates most of the national production and faces problems with the availability of good quality water for irrigation, motivated the present study. In this context, the objective of present study was to evaluate the growth, production and fruit quality of the ‘Goldex’ (yellow-type hybrid F1) melon under salt stress conditions. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with two salinity levels of irrigation water (0.8 and 4.0 dS m-1) and eight evaluation times (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, and 66 days after transplanting). Variables of plant growth and development, production and quality of melon fruits were evaluated throughout the cycle. Plants had delayed growth characteristics and less development with the increase in irrigation water salinity, showing reductions of more than 20% in shoot dry weight, leaf area, number of branches and length of secondary branches and 16.7% in length of the main branch. In addition, salinity caused a delay in fruit development and a 16% reduction in final fruit weight, without significantly modifying carbohydrate and total soluble solids contents. Along the development, there was an increase in the total soluble solids content of the fruits, especially due to the increment of sucrose at the final stages of development. Brazil region context ‘Goldex Goldex yellowtype yellow type F1 F conditions design 0.8 08 0 8 (0. 40 4 4. m1 m 1 m-1 52, 52 (52 54 56 58 60 62 64 6 transplanting. transplanting . transplanting) cycle 20 weight area 167 16 7 16.7 branch addition contents 0. (0 m- 5 (5 2 16. (

RESUMO A necessidade de estudos que possibilitem a utilização de águas salobras na agricultura irrigada e a importância socioeconômica da cultura do melão no Brasil, especialmente para a região Nordeste, que concentra a maior parte da produção nacional e apresenta problemáticas com disponibilidade de água de boa qualidade para irrigação, norteou o presente estudo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o crescimento das plantas, a produção e a qualidade de frutos do híbrido de melão amarelo ‘Goldex’ (híbrido F1 tipo amarelo) sob condições de estresse salino. A pesquisa foi conduzida em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, contendo dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,8 e 4,0 dS m-1) e oito épocas de avaliação (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 e 66 dias após o transplantio). Foram avaliadas variáveis de crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, de produção e de qualidade dos frutos de melão ao longo do ciclo. As plantas tiveram as características de crescimento retardadas e menor desenvolvimento em função do aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação, apresentando redução superior a 20% para a o peso seco da parte aérea, área foliar, número de ramos, comprimento de ramos secundários e 16,7% para o comprimento do ramo principal. Além disso, a salinidade provocou atraso no desenvolvimento dos frutos e redução de 16% no seu peso final, sem modificar significativamente os teores de carboidratos e sólidos solúveis totais. Ao longo do desenvolvimento houve aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis totais dos frutos, especialmente em função do acréscimo de sacarose nos estádios finais de desenvolvimento. Brasil Nordeste contexto ‘Goldex Goldex F salino casualizado 0,8 08 0 8 (0, 40 4 4, m1 m 1 m-1 52, 52 (52 54 56 58 60 62 6 transplantio. transplantio . transplantio) ciclo 20 aérea foliar 167 16 7 16,7 principal disso final 0, (0 m- 5 (5 2 16, (

Abstract In Mexico, due to the demand for fruit, orchards of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) variety ‘Hass’ of subtropical climate are erroneously established in cold areas, affecting their production; an alternative is to use cold-tolerant rootstocks of the Mexican race, tolerance related to the increase of sugars in areas of demand, which it shares through grafting with the ‘Hass’ variety; therefore, in 2021, the segregants of the ‘rootstocks’ duke 7, tepetl, aceitoso, and colecta 1 were evaluated at the College of Postgraduates; analyzing glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch contents in vegetative shoots at 1, 7, and 14 days of treatment; in chamber 1 (treatment) with luminosity of 380 μmol m-2 s-1 and temperatures with light of 15.61 °C, and darkness of 4.40 °C; and chamber 2 (control) with luminosity of 367 μmol m-2 s-1 and temperatures with light of 23.2 °C, and darkness of 19.29 °C, considering the factor of cold and low luminosity, it was observed that, chlorophyll in the leaves shows growth without photosynthetic deficiency in plants in both chambers; the glucose content of the ‘Hass’ variety varies according to the glucose content in the rootstock; the fructose content increases in grafted and non-grafted materials, acting as an osmoprotectant, the sucrose content increases in the grafted aceitoso material and the starch content is not affected; as a result, duke 7 and tepetl were the materials with the highest concentration of glucose and fructose under cold conditions.

Resumen Debido a la demanda de fruta, en México, las huertas de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) variedad ‘Hass’ de clima subtropical, se establecen erróneamente en zonas frías, afectando su producción; una alternativa es usar portainjertos de la raza mexicana tolerantes al frio, tolerancia relacionada con el incremento de azúcares, en áreas de demanda, que comparte a través del injerto con la variedad ‘Hass’, por lo que, en 2021 se evaluaron en el Colegio de Posgraduados los segregantes de los ‘portainjertos’ duke 7, tepetl, aceitoso y colecta 1, analizando contenido de glucosa, fructosa, sacarosa y almidón en brotes vegetativos, a los 1, 7 y 14 días de tratamiento, en la cámara 1 (tratamiento) con luminosidad de 380 µmol m-2 s-1 y temperaturas con luz de 15.61 °C y oscuridad de 4.4 °C y la cámara 2 (testigo) con luminosidad de 367 µmol m-2 s-1 y temperaturas con luz de 23.2 °C y oscuridad de 19.29 °C, considerando el factor frío y la baja luminosidad, se observó que la clorofila en las hojas, presenta un crecimiento sin deficiencia fotosintética en las plantas de ambas cámaras, el contenido de glucosa de la variedad ‘Hass’ varía de acuerdo al contenido de glucosa en el portainjerto, el contenido de fructosa, aumenta en los materiales injertados y no injertados, actuando como un osmoprotector, el contenido de sacarosa aumenta en el material aceitoso injertado y el contenido de almidón, no es afectado, resultando, duke 7 y tepetl los materiales con mayor concentración de glucosa y fructosa, en condiciones de frío.

FtsZ is a bacterial divisome protein responsible for Z-ring formation in cytokinesis. Characterization of Escherichia coli FtsZ protein oligomers (EcFtsZ) in native conditions is defiance because the protein is found as a multi-oligomer in self-association-dissociation equilibrium. We characterize the trimeric state of EcFtsZ through native PAGE, gel filtration chromatography and sucrose gradient techniques combined with chemical cross-linking. The filtration results indicate that the EcFtsZ trimer has a molecular mass of 131 kDa and a filtration friction coefficient (Rs/Rmin) equal to 1.9, while the theoretical filtration friction coefficient (fn/f1) calculated for a linear trimer yielded a value equal to 1.8 very close to the experimental value. On the other side, formaldehyde-crosslinked EcFtsZ showed a band 128 kDa recognized by anti-FtsZ antibodies, and a sedimentation friction coefficient (Smax/S20,w) equal to 1.9, while the theoretical sedimentation friction coefficient (Sn/S1) calculated for a triangular trimer was equal to the experimental value. These results suggest that EcFtsZ has two homotrimeric structures (linear and triangular). Finally, we report the aggregation of EcFtsZ at micromolar concentrations of Capsaicin without GTP and Mg2+.

La FtsZ es una proteína del divisoma bacteriano responsable de la formación del anillo Z en la citocinesis. La caracterización de los oligómeros de la proteína FtsZ de Escherichia coli (EcFtsZ) en su estado nativo es un desafío porque la proteína se encuentra como un multioligómero en equilibrio de autoasociación-disociación. Nosotros caracterizamos el estado trimérico de la EcFtsZ a través de técnicas de PAGE nativo, cromatografía de filtración en gel y gradiente de sacarosa combinada con entrecruzamiento químico. Los resultados por filtración indican que el trímero de EcFtsZ tiene una masa molecular de 131 kDa y un coeficiente de fricción por filtración (Rs/Rmin) igual a 1.9, mientras que el coeficiente de fricción por filtración teórico (fn/f1) calculado para un trímero lineal arrojó un valor igual a 1.8 que está muy cercano al valor experimental. Por otro lado, la EcFtsZ entrecruzada con formaldehído presentó una banda de 128 kDa reconocida por anticuerpos anti-FtsZ y un coeficiente de fricción por sedimentación (Smax/S20,w) igual a 1.9, mientras que el coeficiente de fricción por sedimentación teórico (Sn/S1) calculado para un trímero triangular resultó igual a valor experimental. Estos resultados sugieren que la EcFtsZ tiene dos estructuras homotriméricas (lineal y triangular). Finalmente, reportamos la agregación de la EcFtsZ a concentraciones micromolares de Capsaicina sin GTP y Mg2+.

Abstract Potato plants are often subjected to heat stress during growth and development, resulting in loss of yield and quality. However, the possibility exists that commercially important genotypes show tolerance to heat stress. In this study, we aim to investigate the morphological and physiological effects of moderate conditions of heat stress on tuberization in nine potato genotypes, and how it affects propagation using an ex vitro and in vitro system. The plant material came from the In Vitro Germplasm Bank of the International Potato Center (CIP). The incubation temperatures of the cultures in in vitro and ex vitro conditions were the ambient in the laboratory and greenhouse, respectively. In in vitro system a randomized complete block design was employed in nine genotypes, two treatments: multiplication culture medium and the same culture medium supplemented with 8.0% sucrose and 500 mg/L-1 CCC, six flasks and five explants per experimental unit. Among all genotypes evaluated, Leona and Liberteña did not form tubers under ex vitro treatment conditions. Under in vitro conditions, Amarilis, Capiro, Perricholi and Tacna showed no evidence of tuberization, and Canchán was the only genotype where 100% formation of tuberous structures were produced in all evaluations. The findings concluded in this study showed that of all the potatoes evaluated, Canchán best responded to the evaluations under both in ex vitro and in vitro conditions, at maximum temperatures between 22.4 to 26.9 and 27.0 to 28.2 oC, respectively. Therefore, it is vitally important to consider its development potential in different producing locations around the world, which are directly and indirectly affected by climate change.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the influence of carbohydrate (CHO) intake on oxidative status among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational and comparative study was carried out with two groups of 21 women each with and without GDM in the city of Toluca, Mexico, from January to December 2022. The sociodemographic parameters were determined by administering the patients a medical history questionnaire; anthropometric parameters such as body weight and height were measured; and biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were calculated. The oxidant/antioxidant status was assessed as follows: malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress marker; and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as antioxidants. Dietary habits were evaluated through a 24-hour reminder in both groups of women to obtain the macronutrient classes, i.e., proteins, fats and CHOs. Based on the total carbohydrates (TCHOs), complex (CCHOs) and simple carbohydrates (SCHOs) such as sucrose were calculated. SCHOs per day were measured using the list of foods with sucrose content per 100 grams according to the Mexican Food Equivalence System (SMAE). The NutriKcal VO program was used for the dietary analysis. Statistical tests such as Student’s t test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed for the independent samples and nonhomogeneous variables, respectively, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) was determined using the IBM SPSS Statistics V19. Results: The results showed that the difference between the levels of TC (p < 0.029), TG (p < 0.029), enzymes CAT (p < 0.011) and SOD (p < 0.013), as well as MDA (p < 0.039) was significantly higher among patients in the group with GDM compared to that in the group without GDM. In addition, the group with GDM consumed a higher proportion of sucrose. Conclusions: Women with GDM have an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant status, influenced by the type of CHO they consume, particularly SCHOs such as sucrose.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la influencia del consumo de hidratos de carbono (HCO) sobre el estado oxidante en mujeres con y sin diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y comparativo a dos grupos de 21 mujeres con y sin DMG, respectivamente, en la ciudad de Toluca, México, de enero a diciembre del 2022. Para evaluar parámetros sociodemográficos, se les aplicó un cuestionario de historia clínica; en cuanto a los parámetros antropométricos, se les midió peso corporal y estatura; y respecto a los parámetros bioquímicos, colesterol total (CT) y triglicéridos (TG). Para evaluar el estado oxidante/antioxidante se cuantificaron, como marcador oxidante, el malondihaldeído (MDA), y como antioxidantes, catalasa (cat), superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y capacidad antioxidante total (CAT). Los hábitos dietéticos se evaluaron a través de un recordatorio de 24 horas, en ambos grupos de mujeres, para obtener los macronutrientes: proteínas, lípidos e HCO. A partir de los hidratos de carbono totales (HCOT), se calcularon los hidratos de carbono complejos (HCOC) e hidratos de carbono simples (HCOS) como la sacarosa. Para el cálculo de HCOS por día, se usó la lista de alimentos con contenido de sacarosa por cada 100 gramos de consumo que emplea el Sistema Mexicano de Equivalentes; para el análisis de dieta, se utilizó el programa Nutrikcal VO. Se usaron las pruebas estadísticas t de Student para muestras independientes, U de Mann-Whitney para las variables no homogéneas y se realizó la correlación de Spearman (p < 0,05) en el programa SPSS, versión 19. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la diferencia entre los valores de CT (p < 0,029), TG (p < 0,029), las enzimas: cat (p < 0,011), SOD (p < 0,013), así como el MDA (p < 0,039), fueron significativamente mayores en las pacientes del grupo con DMG en comparación con el grupo sin DMG. Además, el grupo con DMG consumió mayor proporción de sacarosa. Conclusiones: Las mujeres con DMG tienen un desequilibrio en el estado oxidante/antioxidante influenciado por el tipo de HCO que consumen, en particular los HCOS como la sacarosa.

ABSTRACT Objective : To evaluate the influence of dental deafferentation (DD) on the sense of taste in male Wistar rats using the taste reactivity test (TRG). Materials and methods : An experimental study was conducted on ten Wistar rats, following ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. They were randomized and assigned to a control or experimental group, and both groups' cannulae for the TRG were implanted. In the experimental group, exodontia of the three upper molars on the right side was performed. On the third day, GRT was started (day 1) by infusing 1 M of a sweet substance (ingestive) and 3 mM of a bitter substance (aversive) at a rate of 1 mL in 1 minute. This TRG was repeated on days 7, 14, and 21. Ingestive and aversive responses were scored for 1 minute. The data were processed in the SPSS v. 26 statistical package. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to identify differences, and the magnitude of the difference was calculated using Rosenthal's r. Results : Ingestive responses to sucrose were obtained on day 1 (p > 0.05); different responses were obtained on the other days: day 7 (p = 0.05), day 14 (p = 0.009), and day 21 (p = 0.009). Likewise, aversive responses to denatonium benzoate (BD) were obtained on days 1, 7, and 21 (p > 0.05); this was different on day 14 (p = 0.05). Conclusions : We found a difference in median ingestive responses to sucrose and aversive responses to BD in male Wistar rats due to DD.

RESUMEN Objetivo : Evaluar la influencia de la desaferentación dental (DD) en el sentido del gusto de ratas Wistar machos mediante el test de reactividad gustativa (TRG). Materiales y métodos : Estudio experimental, siguiendo las directrices de ARRIVE 2.0, realizado en diez ratas Wistar. Se las aleatorizó y asignó en un grupo control o en un grupo experimental, y se implantaron cánulas para el TRG en ambos grupos. En el grupo experimental se realizó exodoncias de los tres molares superiores del lado derecho. Al tercer día se inició el TRG (día 1) mediante la infusión de 1 M de una sustancia dulce (ingestiva) y 3 mM de una sustancia amarga (aversiva), a razón de 1 mL en 1 minuto. Este TRG se repitió los días 7, 14 y 21. Se puntuó las respuestas ingestivas y aversivas durante 1 minuto. Los datos fueron procesados en el paquete estadístico SPSS v. 26. Se usó la prueba U de Mann-Withney para identificar las diferencias; y la magnitud de la diferencia se calculó mediante la r de Rosenthal. Resultados : Se obtuvo respuestas ingestivas a sacarosa el día 1 (p > 0,05); en los otros días se obtuvo respuestas diferentes: día 7 (p = 0,05), día 14 (p = 0,009) y día 21 (p = 0,009). Asimismo, se obtuvo respuestas aversivas a benzoato de denatonio (BD) los días 1, 7 y 21 (p > 0,05); esto fue diferente el día 14 (p = 0,05). Conclusiones : Se encontró una diferencia en las medianas de las respuestas ingestivas a sacarosa y aversivas a BD en ratas Wistar machos a consecuencia de la DD.

RESUMO Objetivo : Avaliar a influência da surdeferentação dentária (DD) no sentido do paladar de ratos Wistar machos através do teste de reatividade gustativa (TRG). Materiais e métodos : Estudo experimental, seguindo as diretrizes ARRIVE 2.0, realizado em dez ratos Wistar. Estes foram aleatorizados e atribuídos a um grupo de controlo ou a um grupo experimental, tendo sido implantadas cânulas para TRG em ambos os grupos. No grupo experimental, foi efetuada a exodontia dos três molares superiores do lado direito. No terceiro dia, iniciou-se a TRG (dia 1) com a infusão de 1 M de uma substância doce (ingestiva) e 3 mM de uma substância amarga (aversiva), na velocidade de 1 mL em 1 minuto. Esse TRG foi repetido nos dias 7, 14 e 21. As respostas ingestivas e aversivas foram avaliadas durante 1 minuto. Os dados foram processados no pacote estatístico SPSS v. 26. O teste U de Mann-Withney foi usado para identificar diferenças; e a magnitude da diferença foi calculada usando o r de Rosenthal. Resultados : As respostas ingestivas à sacarose foram obtidas no dia 1 (p > 0,05); foram obtidas respostas diferentes no dia 7 (p = 0,05), no dia 14 (p = 0,009) e no dia 21 (p = 0,009). Também se obtiveram respostas aversivas ao benzoato de denatónio (BD) nos dias 1, 7 e 21 (p > 0,05); estas foram diferentes no dia 14 (p = 0,05). Conclusões : Foi encontrada uma diferença nas respostas ingestivas medianas à sacarose e nas respostas aversivas ao BD em ratos Wistar machos como resultado da DD.

Abstract Currently, sweet corn is considered an important crop due to its high sugar content and low starch content. Important sugars in sweet corn include sucrose, fructose, glucose, and maltose. The purpose of the present study was to use the yield indices of the eight examined sweet corn hybrids and the correlation of the yield indices together. Concentration is important for consumers in terms of yield indices. The research site was located at the Látókép Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen. The small plot experiment had a strip plot design with four replications. The previous crop was sweet corn; the plant density was 64 thousand/ha. The obtained result indicates that Biplot AMMI based on IPCA1 showed that the DB, NO, GS, and GB hybrids had stability and high performance in terms of yield indices. At the same time, fructose and glucose had stable parameters for the hybrids involved in the study. IPCA1 AMMI biplot showed that the ME hybrid had stability and high performance in terms of iron and zinc as well. IPCA2 AMMI biplot showed that DE, GB, and GS hybrids had stability and the highest performance on yield parameters in the scope of the research. Fructose, glucose, and sucrose had stable parameters on hybrids based on IPCA2. The DB and SE hybrids had desirable performance in Lutein and Zeaxanthin based on the biplot. The DE hybrid had a maximum performance on iron and zinc parameters. Currently maltose together Debrecen replications 6 thousandha thousand ha thousand/ha IPCA NO time well Fructose

Resumo Atualmente, o milho-doce é considerado uma cultura importante devido ao alto teor de açúcar e baixo teor de amido. Açúcares importantes no milho-doce incluem sacarose, frutose, glicose e maltose. O objetivo do presente estudo foi utilizar os índices de rendimento dos 8 híbridos de milho-doce examinados e a correlação dos índices de rendimento juntos. A concentração é importante para os consumidores com relação aos índices de rendimento. O local da pesquisa foi localizado na Estação Experimental Látókép da Universidade de Debrecen, Hungria. O experimento realizado em pequenas parcelas teve um desenho de parcela de tiras com quatro repetições. A safra anterior era de milho-doce; a densidade de plantas foi de 64 mil/ha. O resultado obtido indica que o Biplot AMMI baseado no IPCA1 mostrou que os híbridos DB, NO, GS e GB apresentaram estabilidade e alto desempenho em termos de índices de produtividade. Ao mesmo tempo, frutose e glicose apresentaram parâmetros estáveis para os híbridos envolvidos no estudo. O biplot IPCA1 AMMI mostrou que o híbrido ME apresentou estabilidade e alto desempenho também quanto ao ferro e zinco. Já o biplot IPCA2 AMMI mostrou que os híbridos DE, GB e GS tiveram estabilidade e o melhor desempenho nos parâmetros de rendimento no escopo da pesquisa. Frutose, glicose e sacarose tiveram parâmetros estáveis em híbridos baseados em IPCA2. Os híbridos DB e SE tiveram desempenho desejável em luteína e zeaxantina com base no biplot. O híbrido DE teve desempenho máximo nos parâmetros de ferro e zinco. Atualmente milhodoce milho doce amido maltose juntos Debrecen Hungria repetições 6 milha mil ha mil/ha IPCA NO produtividade tempo zinco Frutose

Abstract One of the main stages of cryopreservation of meristematic tissues in vegetative plants is a clonal micropropagation, which includes isolating the explants of the raw material in vitro and optimizing the culture medium for micropropagation. As the result of our studies, the optimal periods for in vitro micropropagation are: first - isolation of explants from initiated shoots of dormant buds (blackcurrants and raspberries) in January-March; the second - from actively growing shoots (blackcurrants and raspberries) in May-June, from the formed mustache (strawberry) in July-August. The optimal drugs for sterilization of raspberry explants are: a) 0.1% HgCl2 (6 min), then 3% H2O2 (15 min); b) chlorine-containing bleach «Domestos» in the dilution of H2O 1:9 (10 min). For blackcurrant: a) 0.1% HgCl2 (5 min) in combination with 0.1% fungicide “Topaz” (30 min); b) 0.1% HgCl2 (5 min) in combination with the treatment with KMnO4 (30 min); c) “Domestos” in the dilution of H2O 1:5 (20 min). For strawberry: a) 0.1% HgCl2 (6 min) followed by treatment with 3% H2O2 10 (min); b) 1% deochlor (7 min), 3% H2O2 (10 min); c) “Domestos” in the dilution of H2O 1:5 (8 min) with subsequent treatment 0,1% HgCl2 -7 min, then 0,20 mg/l КМnO4 - 30 min. Optimal compositions of culture media for micropropagation of blackcurrant - Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 GA3, 0.1 mg L-1 IBA and 20 g L-1 glucose. For raspberry -MS medium with 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, 0.1 mg L-1 IBA, 10 mg L-1 iron chelate and 30 g L-1 sucrose. For strawberry - MS medium with 0.3 mg L-1 BAP, 0.01 mg L-1 IBA, 0.2 mg L-1 GA3, 10 mg L-1 iron chelate and 30 g L-1 sucrose. Based on these studies, the cryobank was created, which include the germplasm of in vitro meristematic tissues in 66 cultivars, hybrids and wild-growing forms of blackcurrant, raspberry and strawberry. Therefore, the aim of the research was to obtain aseptic plants, clonal micropropagation and the creation of a cryogenic collection of germplasm based on the developed technology. studies are blackcurrants raspberries JanuaryMarch January March January-March MayJune, MayJune May June, June May-June (strawberry JulyAugust. JulyAugust July August. August July-August 01 0 1 HgCl 6 ( min , 3 HO H O 15 (1 b chlorinecontaining chlorine containing Domestos «Domestos 19 9 1: . 5 Topaz “Topaz (3 KMnO c “Domestos (2 (min) 7 8 0,1 020 0,2 mgl l КМnO (MS 05 0. L1 L L- BAP GA3 GA 2 glucose sucrose 03 001 0.0 02 created cultivars wildgrowing wild Therefore technology (min 0, 00

Resumo Uma das principais etapas da criopreservação de tecidos meristemáticos em plantas vegetais é a micropropagação clonal, que inclui o isolamento dos explantes da matéria-prima in vitro e a otimização do meio de cultura para micropropagação. Como resultado deste estudo, os períodos ideais para micropropagação in vitro são: primeiro - isolamento de explantes de brotos iniciados de gemas dormentes (groselhas e framboesas) em janeiro a março; o segundo - de brotos em crescimento ativo (groselhas e framboesas) em maio a junho, do bigode formado (morango) em julho a agosto. As drogas ideais para esterilização de explantes de framboesa são: a) HgCl2 0,1% (6 min), depois H2O2 3% (15 min); b) lixívia contendo cloro “Domestos” na diluição de H2O 1:9 (10 min). Para groselha preta: a) HgCl2 a 0,1% (5 min) em combinação com fungicida “Topaz” a 0,1% (30 min); b) HgCl2 0,1% (5 min) em combinação com o tratamento com KMnO4 (30 min); c) “Domestos” na diluição de H2O 1:5 (20 min). Para morango: a) 0,1% HgCl2 (6 min) seguido de tratamento com 3% H2O2 10 (min); b) dicloro a 1% (7 min), H2O2 a 3% (10 min); c) “Domestos” na diluição de H2O 1:5 (8 min) com tratamento posterior 0,1% HgCl2 - 7 min, depois 0,20 mg/l КМnO4 - 30 min. Composições ótimas de meios de cultura para micropropagação de groselha negra - meio Murashige e Skoog (MS) com 0,5 mg L-1 BAP, 0,5 mg L-1 GA3, 0,1 mg L-1 IBA e 20 g L-1 de glicose. Para meio framboesa - MS com 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP, 0,1 mg L-1 de AIB, 10 mg L-1 de quelato de ferro e 30 g L-1 de sacarose. Para morango - meio MS com 0,3 mg L-1 BAP, 0,01 mg L-1 IBA, 0,2 mg L-1 GA3, 10 mg L-1 quelato de ferro e 30 g L-1 sacarose. Com base nesses estudos, um criobanco foi criado incluindo o germoplasma de tecidos meristemáticos in vitro em 66 cultivares, híbridos e formas silvestres de groselha, framboesa e morango. Portanto, o objetivo da pesquisa foi a obtenção de plantas assépticas, micropropagação clonal e a criação de uma coleção criogênica de germoplasma com base na tecnologia desenvolvida. matériaprima matéria prima estudo são groselhas framboesas março junho (morango agosto HgCl 01 0 1 6 ( min , HO H O 3 15 (1 b Domestos “Domestos 19 9 1: . preta 5 Topaz “Topaz (3 KMnO c (2 (min) 8 020 mgl l КМnO (MS 05 0, L1 L L- BAP GA3 GA 2 glicose AIB sacarose 03 001 0,0 02 estudos cultivares Portanto assépticas desenvolvida (min 00

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate cryoprotectants on the physiological quality of Adenium obesum seeds preserved in liquid nitrogen. The following treatments were used: T1, control, without cryoprotectant and without immersion in liquid nitrogen; T2, with immersion in liquid nitrogen and without cryoprotectant; T3, with 0. 4 mol L-1 sucrose; T4, with 0.8 mol L-1 sucrose; T5, with 1.0 mol L-1 glycerol; T6, with 2.0 mol L-1 glycerol with PVS1; T7, with PVS1; T8, with PVS2; T9, with PVS2 + phloroglucinol (modified PVS2); and T10, with PVS3. Adenium obesum seeds show tolerance to immersion and storage in liquid nitrogen and do not need cryoprotectants to maintain their physiological quality when stored in a water content of 7.5%. used T1 T control T2 T3 0 L1 L 1 L- sucrose T4 08 8 T5 10 1. T6 20 2 2. PVS1 PVS T7 T8 T9 modified PVS2) T10 PVS3 75 7 5 7.5% 7.5 7.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar crioprotetores na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Adenium obesum preservadas em nitrogênio líquido. Foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos: T1, controle, sem crioprotetor e sem imersão em nitrogênio líquido; T2, com imersão em nitrogênio líquido e sem crioprotetor; T3, com 0,4 mol L-1 de sacarose; T4, com 0,8 mol L-1 de sacarose; T5, com 1,0 mol L-1 de glicerol; T6, com 2,0 mol L-1 de glicerol com PVS1; T7, com PVS1; T8, com PVS2; T9, com PVS2 + floroglucinol (PVS2 modificado) e T10, com PVS3. As sementes de Adenium obesum apresentam tolerância à imersão e ao armazenamento em nitrogénio líquido, e não necessitam de crioprotectores para manter a qualidade fisiológica quando conservadas em água a 7,5%. tratamentos T1 T controle T2 T3 04 0 4 0, L1 L 1 L- sacarose T4 08 8 T5 10 1, T6 20 2 2, PVS1 PVS T7 T8 T9 (PVS modificado T10 PVS3 75 7 5 7,5% 7,5 7,

ABSTRACT Considering that the expression of sweetpotato characters may vary according to the environment, we aimed to evaluate the nutritional performance of nine genotypes in two different regions. Experiments were carried out in Itabaiana, SE and Gama, DF, in 2015/2015 and 2015/2016 crop years. The experimental design was a four-replicate randomized block design of 10 plants per row, spaced 75 cm between rows and 40 cm between plants. The treatments were the Beauregard cultivar and eight clones 6, 8, 9, 33, 50, 66, 75, 79; in addition, two local cultivars (Olho Roxo and Ourinhos) were used as controls for sugar analysis. They were evaluated for dry matter, total carotenoid and betacarotene content; and the content of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total soluble solids. Total and soluble sugars evaluations were performed only in 2015/2016. The resulting data underwent analysis of individual and pool variances, simple correlation, and grouping of treatment means by a Scott-Knott test. It was verified that dry matter, brix, total carotenoids, betacarotene, and sugar (fructose and glucose) levels were different in Itabaiana-SE and Gama-DF evaluations. These findings demonstrate the importance of regional validations of sweetpotato quality traits under different Brazilian conditions. environment regions Itabaiana Gama DF 20152015 2015 2015/201 20152016 2016 years fourreplicate four replicate 1 row 7 4 6 8 9 33 50 66 79 addition Olho Ourinhos matter fructose glucose sucrose solids variances correlation ScottKnott Scott Knott test brix carotenoids ItabaianaSE GamaDF conditions 2015201 201 2015/20 3 5 201520 20 2015/2 20152 2 2015/

ABSTRACT: It is known that floriculture is very important for the world economic scenario. Nevertheless, the vase life of cut flowers is determined by a short time span. This study evaluated the spectral behavior during leaf degradation of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) flower stems in the postharvest, in different preservative solutions, and estimating its leaf pigments by hyperspectral data. Lisianthus floral stems were subjected to preservative solutions with different concentrations of sucrose, glucose, phytohormones and deionized water. Leaves from these stems were collected every 4 days for further hyperspectral analysis. Spectra was determined in laboratory with a sensor collecting at the range of 350-2500 nm. In order to analyze the use of the spectra to detect the performance of the preservative solutions, statistical tests were used at each wavelength. Pigment prediction was assessed by the CAR/CLF ratio (Ratio between Carotenoids and Chlorophyll) from the spectral curves, using PLSR and RRMSE. The glucose-based solutions registered positive effects on the preservation of floral stems, especially at the dose of 180 g/L. The solutions based on sucrose and phytohormones registered similarities in the spectral curves among the doses, demonstrating equality in leaf preservation. The discriminant analyses demonstrated there was statistical difference in the spectral responses in the doses for each solution used. The CAR/CLF ratio had reasonable coefficients of 0.6 and RRMSE below 6.99%. The hyperspectral analyses presented a potential for the evaluation of leaf degradation in lisianthus floral stems in different pulsing solutions used in the postharvest. ABSTRACT scenario Nevertheless span Eustoma grandiflorum postharvest data glucose water analysis 3502500 350 2500 350-250 nm wavelength CARCLF CAR CLF Ratio Chlorophyll glucosebased 18 gL g L g/L 06 0 6 0. 699 99 6.99% 350250 35 250 350-25 1 69 9 6.99 35025 3 25 350-2 6.9 3502 2 350- 6.

RESUMO: Sabe-se que a floricultura é muito importante para o cenário econômico mundial, porém a vida útil de vaso das flores de corte é determinada por um pequeno intervalo de tempo. O estudo procurou avaliar o comportamento espectral durante a degradação foliar de hastes florais de lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) na pós-colheita, em diferentes soluções conservantes, e estimar pigmentos foliares a partir dos dados hiperespectrais. As hastes florais de lisianthus foram submetidas a soluções conservantes de diferentes concentrações de sacarose, glicose, distintos fitormônios e água deionizada. Foram coletadas folhas dessas hastes a cada quatro dias para posterior análise hiperespectral. A fim de analisar o uso dos espectros para detectar o desempenho das soluções conservantes, foi utilizado testes estatísticos em cada comprimento de onda entre estas soluções. Foi avaliado a predição de pigmentos através da razão CAR/CLF (Razão entre Carotenoides e Clorofila) a partir das curvas espectrais, tendo o PLSR e RRMSE como indicadores da eficiência dos resultados. As soluções a base de glicose registraram efeitos positivos na conservação das hastes florais principalmente na dose de 180 g/L. Já as soluções a base de sacarose e fitormônios registraram semelhanças nas curvas espectrais entre as doses, mostrando-se igualdade na conservação das folhas. As análises discriminantes demostraram que houve diferença estatística nas respostas espectrais nas doses para cada solução utilizada. A razão CAR/CLF teve coeficientes razoáveis de 0,6 e RRMSE abaixo de 6,99%. As análises hiperespectrais apresentaram potencial na avaliação da degradação foliar de hastes florais de lisianthus em diferentes soluções pulsing utilizadas na pós-colheita. RESUMO Sabese Sabe se mundial tempo Eustoma grandiflorum póscolheita, póscolheita pós colheita, colheita pós-colheita deionizada hiperespectral CARCLF CAR CLF Razão Clorofila resultados 18 gL g L g/L mostrandose mostrando utilizada 06 0 6 0, 699 99 6,99% póscolheita. colheita. 1 69 9 6,99 6,9 6,