Abstract Introduction: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide and the second most smoked substance after tobacco. In recent years, numerous studies have attempted to assess its impact on respiratory health with conflicting results. Objective: To study the effect of inhaled cannabis on respiratory symptoms and lung function compared to tobacco and non-smokers. Methods: Adults from cannabis clubs and public institutions in our country were included. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, and consumption habits were conducted. This was complemented with pulmonary function testing. Participants were divided into 4 groups: cannabis group (C), tobacco group (T), cannabis-tobacco group (C-T), and non-smokers group (NS). Results: A total of 375 individuals were studied: cannabis group (63), tobacco (117), cannabis-tobacco (50), and non-smokers (145). The cannabis, cannabis-tobacco, and tobacco groups showed a higher prevalence of at least one chronic respiratory symptom (wheezing, cough, and sputum) compared to the non-smokers group (p<0.001). Forced vital capacity was significantly higher in cannabis users (C, C-T). No other significant spirometry alterations were found. Conclusions: Smoking cannabis is associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. Although no clinically relevant changes in lung function were detected, further long-term studies are required. Inquiry about cannabis use should be incorporated into clinical practice, with education on potential health risks.

Resumo Introdução: A cannabis é a droga ilícita mais consumida no mundo e a segunda substância mais fumada depois do tabaco. Nos últimos anos, numerosos estudos tentaram avaliar o seu impacto na saúde respiratória, com resultados conflitantes. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito da cannabis inalada nos sintomas respiratórios e na função pulmonar em comparação com o tabaco e não fumantes. Métodos: Foram incluídos adultos provenientes de clubes de cannabis e instituições públicas do nosso país. Foram aplicados questionários sobre características sociodemográficas, sintomas respiratórios e hábitos de consumo. Complementou-se com estudo funcional respiratório. Os participantes foram divididos em 4 grupos: grupo cannabis (C), grupo tabaco (T), grupo cannabis-tabaco (C-T) e grupo não fumantes (NF). Resultados: Foram estudados 375 indivíduos: grupo cannabis (63), tabaco (117), cannabis-tabaco (50) e não fumantes (145). Os grupos cannabis, cannabis-tabaco e tabaco apresentaram maior prevalência de pelo menos um sintoma respiratório crônico (sibilos, tosse e expectoração) em comparação com o grupo não fumantes (p<0,001). A capacidade vital forçada foi significativamente maior nos grupos consumidores de cannabis (C, C-T). Não foram encontradas outras alterações significativas na espirometria. Conclusões: Fumar cannabis está associado a sintomas respiratórios crônicos. Embora não tenham sido detectadas alterações clinicamente relevantes na função pulmonar, são necessários mais estudos de longo prazo. Questionar sobre o consumo de cannabis deve ser incorporado à prática clínica, com educação sobre os potenciais riscos à saúde.

Resumen Introducción: El cannabis es la droga ilícita más consumida a nivel mundial y la segunda sustancia más fumada luego del tabaco. En los últimos años numerosos estudios han intentado valorar su impacto en la salud respiratoria con resultados discordantes. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del cannabis inhalado en síntomas respiratorios y función pulmonar en comparación con el tabaco y con no fumadores. Métodos: Se incluyeron adultos provenientes de clubes cannábicos e instituciones públicas de nuestro país. Se realizaron cuestionarios sobre características sociodemográficas, síntomas respiratorios y hábitos de consumo. Se complementó con estudio funcional respiratorio. Se dividieron en 4 grupos: grupo cannabis (C), grupo tabaco (T), grupo cannabis-tabaco (C-T) y grupo no fumadores (NF). Resultados: Se estudiaron 375 individuos: grupo cannabis (63), tabaco (117), cannabis-tabaco (50), no fumadores (145). El grupo cannabis, cannabis-tabaco, y tabaco, presentaron mayor prevalencia de al menos un síntoma respiratorio crónico (sibilancias, la tos y la expectoración) comparado con el grupo no fumador (p<0,001). La capacidad vital forzada fue significativamente mayor en los grupos consumidores de cannabis (C, C-T). No se hallaron otras alteraciones significativas en la espirometría. Conclusiones: Fumar cannabis se asocia con síntomas respiratorios crónicos. Si bien no se han detectado cambios clínicamente relevantes en la función pulmonar, se requieren más estudios a largo plazo. Interrogar sobre el consumo de cannabis debería incorporarse en la práctica clínica, educando sobre los potenciales riesgos en salud.

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar criticamente a implementação do Grupo-Oficina de Homens (GOH) em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial – Álcool e Drogas (Caps-AD). O GOH nasceu da parceria entre universidade pública e o Caps-AD, baseado nos princípios estabelecidos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) pela Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem (PNAISH). O grupo será apresentado em cinco eixos: (1) formação do grupo; (2) construção da identidade grupal; (3) produções coletivas de subjetividades e masculinidades; (4) espelho: eu e os outros homens; (5) “este é um grupo que faz os homens chorarem”. Concluímos que o GOH construiu cuidados que conjugaram a desconstrução de masculinidades hegemônicas à atenção psicossocial no uso problemático de drogas. Os participantes reconheceram-se como vulneráveis, compartilharam experiências e sentimentos e fortaleceram o autocuidado nas trajetórias de enfrentamento do consumo problemático de substâncias.

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar críticamente la implementación del Grupo–Taller de Hombres (Grupo Oficina de Hombre – GOH, por sus siglas en portugués) en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial – Alcohol y Drogas (CAPS – AD). El GOH nació de la alianza entre la Universidad Pública y el CAPS-AD, con base en los principios establecidos en el Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS) por la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud del Hombre (PNAISH). El grupo se presentará en cinco ejes: (1) formación del grupo; (2) construcción de la identidad grupal; (3) producciones colectivas de subjetividades y masculinidades; (4) espejo: yo y los otros hombres; (5) “este es un grupo que hace llorar a los hombres”. Concluimos que el GOH construyó cuidados que conjugaron la desconstrucción de masculinidades hegemónicas para la atención psicosocial en el uso problemático de drogas. Los participantes se reconocieron como vulnerables, compartieron experiencias y sentimientos y fortalecieron el autocuidado en las trayectorias de enfrentamiento del consumo problemático de substancias.

The aim of this study was to critically assess the implementation of a men's workshop-group (MWG) in an alcohol and drugs psychosocial care center (CAPS-AD). The MWG was born out of a partnership between a public university and the CAPS-AD guided by the principles underpinning the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) set out in the National Policy on Comprehensive Men's Healthcare (PNAISH). The discussion of the group is structured around five core themes: (1) group formation; (2) construction of group identity; (3) collective production of subjectivities and masculinities; (4) mirror: me and other men; and (5) "this is a group that makes men cry". We concluded that the MWG fosters care that combines the deconstruction of hegemonic masculinities with psychosocial care for problematic drug use. Participants recognized their vulnerability, shared experiences and feelings, and strengthened self-care for coping with problematic substance use.

BACKGROUND: An increase in mental health problems have been documented in health sciences students globally during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of mental health problems and substance use among health and rehabilitation sciences (HRS) students during the pandemic. SETTING: The study was conducted at the University of Cape Town, Health Sciences Faculty. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 113 voluntary undergraduate participants was conducted. Participants completed self-administered electronic questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the sociodemographic and COVID-19-related determinants of mental health diagnoses. RESULTS: Substance use was common, including alcohol (54.05%), cigarettes and/or tobacco (17.27%), and illicit drugs (5.56%). Below a quarter (23.85%) self-reported a mental health condition in their lifetime and 14.81% in the past 12 months. Diagnoses included major depressive disorders (13.27%) and anxiety disorders (11.50%). A mental health diagnosis in the past 12 months was significantly associated with alcohol use (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 4.02, 1.06-15.23), prescription medication used to manage academic/social stress (AOR = 5.74, 1.68-19.69), COVID-19 diagnosis (AOR = 5.51, 1.60-18.92) and physiotherapy programme (AOR = 12.35, 1.21-126.44). Barriers to accessing mental health support included academic commitments (61.90%) and the lack of time to attend student wellness services (36.19%). CONCLUSION: The self-reported prevalence of mental health problems and substance use among HRS students was high during the pandemic. CONTRIBUTION: Institutional and public health measures should address modifiable risk factors and barriers to accessing mental health support amongst students.

BACKGROUND: Medication non-adherence is a significant public health concern and is prevalent among mental healthcare users. Approximately 65% of patients with severe mental illness do not adhere to their prescribed medication. Medication nonadherence may worsen mental illness and result in poorer clinical outcomes, including frequent relapses and rehospitalisation rates, as well as long time to remission, which may contribute to increased cost of care. AIM: We explored perspectives regarding reasons for medication non-adherence among readmitted psychiatric patients SETTING: Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa. METHODS: We adopted the social constructivism paradigm for this exploratory qualitative study. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 re-admitted patients, who were nonadherent to their medication. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. The data were thematically analysed, using the principles of grounded theory. RESULTS: Substance abuse, a lack of family support and poor health literacy were the most common reasons for non-adherence to medication. Other reasons included medication side effects, healthcare system drawbacks and a lack of finances to access healthcare. Some patients did not adhere to their medication because they believed that their mental illnesses were spiritual in origin CONCLUSION: Multiple factors contributed to patients not adhering to their medication, ultimately resulting in their relapse and readmission. Clinicians should be cognisant of these factors when trying to prevent relapse and readmission. CONTRIBUTION: Clinicians also ought to identify patients who are at risk of not adhering to medication. Targeted interventions should be established for tackling medication non-adherence.

Violence manifests in various ways in healthcare, including trauma from an undifferentiated patient, psychosomatic illness, substance abuse or dependency and mental health challenges. Different forms of violence exist, such as intimate partner violence, gender-based violence, domestic violence, child abuse, neglect, elder abuse, sexual violence, self-directed violence and collective violence. These may be included in domestic violence or exist as standalone forms. Health practitioners play a pivotal role in managing incidents of domestic violence. This article highlights the definitions in the Amended Domestic Violence Act of 2021 and suggests screening options for domestic violence. The authors also suggest screening tools, a management flow diagram and contact numbers for resources. Domestic violence can be a generational curse that compromises biopsychosocial wellbeing. To break the perceived culture of violence, healthcare workers play a pivotal role in screening and management, as well as the mandatory reporting of domestic violence when children and the elderly are sharing such a household.

Abstract 1-Methyl-N-((1R,3r,5S)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (C18H24N4O: EGS) is used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It works by blocking serotonin, a natural substance in the body that causes nausea and vomiting. After expiry, it can be used as additive or CI. IE% of EGS on MS corrosion in a 1 M HCl medium was herein evaluated by WL method. WL measurements showed that corrosion IE% increased with higher Ct of EGS, and its maximum value was obtained with 0.001 M. T affects CR. At high T, corrosion IE% decreased, and CR increased. The mechanistic aspects of corrosion resistance have been studied by PDP and EIS. PDP technique revealed that EGS system functioned as an inhibitor of cathodic type, controlling cathodic reactions. It was noted that, with EGS, icorr decreased and LPR increased. EIS studies revealed that a protective film (blanket effect) was formed on the MS surface, since, with EGS, Rct increased and Cdl decreased. MS surface morphology with EGS was analyzed by SEM. The constituent elements on the MS surface were characterized by EDX. Ra of MS polished, without and with EGS, was characterized by AFM. The results clearly showed that EGS has high IE% for MS corrosion in HCl.

Abstract This integrative review systematized the factors that influence access to mental health services for the Homeless Population (HP) in harmful use of alcohol and other drugs in the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) in Brazil by categorizing the factors into access “barriers” and “facilitators”. We selected 13 corresponding articles and subsequently assessed their methodological quality. We identified 19 access barriers and 22 access facilitators, observing a convergence and complementarity of the factors identified, with no disagreements between authors. Although there are specific barriers and facilitators related to substance use, most are connected to HP’s conditions and lifestyles or how services address the HP. Discrimination, bureaucratic rigidity of services, and a lack of intra- and intersectoral integration were identified as significant barriers. On the other hand, Street Outreach Clinics and practices such as harm reduction and matrix-based support emerged as notable facilitators, adapting to patients’ needs. Future studies should explore specific factors and the relationships between these factors.

Resumo Esta revisão integrativa sistematizou os fatores que influenciam o acesso da População em Situação de Rua (PSR) que faz uso prejudicial de álcool e outras drogas aos serviços de saúde mental na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) no Brasil, a partir da categorização dos fatores em “barreiras” e “facilitadores” de acesso. Selecionou-se 13 artigos correspondentes, com avaliação posterior de sua qualidade metodológica. Foram encontradas 19 barreiras e 22 facilitadores de acesso, observando uma convergência e complementaridade dos fatores identificados, sem dissensos entre autores. Embora existam barreiras e facilitadores específicos relacionados ao uso de substâncias, a maioria são vinculadas às condições e modos da vida da PSR, ou às formas dos serviços de lidar com a PSR. A discriminação, rigidez burocrática dos serviços, e a falta de integração intra e intersetorial foram identificadas como barreiras significativas. Por outro lado, os Consultórios na Rua e práticas como a redução de danos e o matriciamento emergiram como facilitadores notáveis, adaptando-se às necessidades dos usuários. Há necessidade de estudos futuros que se aprofundem em fatores específicos e nas relações entre estes fatores.

Resumen Esta revisión integradora sistematizó los factores que influyen en el acceso de la Población Sin Hogar (PSH) que hace uso nocivo de alcohol y otras drogas a los servicios de salud mental en la Red de Atención Psicosocial (RAPS) en Brasil, a partir de la categorización de factores en “barreras” y “facilitadores” del acceso. Se seleccionaron 13 artículos correspondientes, con posterior evaluación de su calidad metodológica. Se encontraron 19 barreras y 22 facilitadores de acceso, observándose una convergencia y complementariedad de los factores identificados, sin disensos entre autores. Aunque existen barreras y facilitadores específicos relacionados con el uso de sustancias, la mayoría están vinculados a las condiciones y estilos de vida de la PSH, o a las formas en que los servicios abordan la PSH. Se identificaron como barreras importantes la discriminación, la rigidez burocrática de los servicios y la falta de integración intra e intersectorial. Por otro lado, las Clínicas en la Calle y prácticas como la reducción de daños y el apoyo matricial emergieron como facilitadores notables, adaptándose a las necesidades de los usuarios. Es necesario realizar estudios futuros que profundicen en factores específicos y las relaciones entre estos factores.

RESUMEN El presente artículo plantea una aproximación ecopoética a la obra de Javier Dávila, y de manera particular a algunos poemas del libro La jungla de oro. Se trata emblemático poeta de la Amazonía peruana. Se aborda la poesía de Dávila desde su inserción (en la segunda mitad del siglo XX) en un emergente campo de literatura regional que procuró abandonar las miradas exotistas para hablar desde su propia heterogeneidad cultural. La hermenéutica realizada destacará la confluencia de aspectos cristianos y racionalidades amerindias en la propuesta ecológica de su poética. La obra de Dávila manifiesta una celebración ecológica desde los fecundos procesos de transculturación que experimenta la región amazónica del Perú.

ABSTRACT This article proposes an ecopoetic approach to the work of Javier Dávila, and in particular to some poems from the book La jungla de oro. He was an emblematic poet of the Peruvian Amazon. Dávila’s poetry is approached from his insertion (in the second half of the 20th century) in an emerging field of regional literature, which sought to abandon exoticist gazes in order to speak from its own cultural heterogeneity. The hermeneutics carried out will highlight the confluence of Christian aspects and Amerindian rationalities in the ecological proposal of his poetics. Dávila's work manifests an ecological celebration based on the fertile processes of transculturation experienced in the Amazon region of Peru.

Abstract Background: Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) represent the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Rhopalurus junceus venom has been shown to exert cytotoxic effects against a panel of epithelial cancer cells in vitro and suggested that NSCLC was the subtype most susceptible to the treatment. Methods: This study evaluated the effect of Rhopalurus junceus scorpion venom on cell viability, in non-cancerous (MRC-5, lung; CHO-K1, ovary) and NSCLC (A549; NCI-H460) cell lines. The effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell signaling-related proteins were determined by flow cytometry and WB. Protein fractions responsible for the observed effect were identified using HPLC. Results: Scorpion venom was more effective against NSCLC than non-cancerous cells. Emax values were 20.0 ± 5.8% and 22.47 ± 6.02% in A549 and NCI-H460 cancer cells, respectively, as compared to 50 ± 8.1% in MRC-5 and 54.99 ± 7.39% in CHO-K1 cells. It arrested NSCLC cells in the G2/M phase, while non-cancerous cells were arrested in the S (MRC-5) or G0/G1 (CHO-K1) phases. No changes were observed in the Bax/Bcl-2 or the cleaved-caspase 3/Total caspase 3 ratios in cells treated with venom. Likewise, the scorpion venom treatment did not affect p-ERK, p-AKT, or p-38MAPK protein levels. In contrast, scorpion venom treatment increased the cytosolic apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in A549 cells, indicating caspase-independent apoptosis. Additionally, combined etoposide/venom exposure provoked G2/M arrest and apoptosis in NSCLC more strongly than either substance alone. Furthermore, upon crude venom fractioning through RP-HPLC, we found two soluble fractions with high cytotoxic effects. Conclusion: The present study concludes that a specific fraction of Rhopalurus junceus venom reduces cell viability of NSCLC cells. The AIF protein plays a key role in mediating caspase-independent apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest that Rhopalurus junceus venom enhances the anticancer effect of etoposide in vitro by causing cell cycle arrest and caspase-independent apoptosis.

Resumo Esta revisão integrativa sistematizou os fatores que influenciam o acesso da População em Situação de Rua (PSR) que faz uso prejudicial de álcool e outras drogas aos serviços de saúde mental na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) no Brasil, a partir da categorização dos fatores em “barreiras” e “facilitadores” de acesso. Selecionou-se 13 artigos correspondentes, com avaliação posterior de sua qualidade metodológica. Foram encontradas 19 barreiras e 22 facilitadores de acesso, observando uma convergência e complementaridade dos fatores identificados, sem dissensos entre autores. Embora existam barreiras e facilitadores específicos relacionados ao uso de substâncias, a maioria são vinculadas às condições e modos da vida da PSR, ou às formas dos serviços de lidar com a PSR. A discriminação, rigidez burocrática dos serviços, e a falta de integração intra e intersetorial foram identificadas como barreiras significativas. Por outro lado, os Consultórios na Rua e práticas como a redução de danos e o matriciamento emergiram como facilitadores notáveis, adaptando-se às necessidades dos usuários. Há necessidade de estudos futuros que se aprofundem em fatores específicos e nas relações entre estes fatores.

Resumen Esta revisión integradora sistematizó los factores que influyen en el acceso de la Población Sin Hogar (PSH) que hace uso nocivo de alcohol y otras drogas a los servicios de salud mental en la Red de Atención Psicosocial (RAPS) en Brasil, a partir de la categorización de factores en “barreras” y “facilitadores” del acceso. Se seleccionaron 13 artículos correspondientes, con posterior evaluación de su calidad metodológica. Se encontraron 19 barreras y 22 facilitadores de acceso, observándose una convergencia y complementariedad de los factores identificados, sin disensos entre autores. Aunque existen barreras y facilitadores específicos relacionados con el uso de sustancias, la mayoría están vinculados a las condiciones y estilos de vida de la PSH, o a las formas en que los servicios abordan la PSH. Se identificaron como barreras importantes la discriminación, la rigidez burocrática de los servicios y la falta de integración intra e intersectorial. Por otro lado, las Clínicas en la Calle y prácticas como la reducción de daños y el apoyo matricial emergieron como facilitadores notables, adaptándose a las necesidades de los usuarios. Es necesario realizar estudios futuros que profundicen en factores específicos y las relaciones entre estos factores.

Abstract This integrative review systematized the factors that influence access to mental health services for the Homeless Population (HP) in harmful use of alcohol and other drugs in the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) in Brazil by categorizing the factors into access “barriers” and “facilitators”. We selected 13 corresponding articles and subsequently assessed their methodological quality. We identified 19 access barriers and 22 access facilitators, observing a convergence and complementarity of the factors identified, with no disagreements between authors. Although there are specific barriers and facilitators related to substance use, most are connected to HP’s conditions and lifestyles or how services address the HP. Discrimination, bureaucratic rigidity of services, and a lack of intra- and intersectoral integration were identified as significant barriers. On the other hand, Street Outreach Clinics and practices such as harm reduction and matrix-based support emerged as notable facilitators, adapting to patients’ needs. Future studies should explore specific factors and the relationships between these factors.

RESUMEN El mucocele apendicular es una entidad poco frecuente. Constituye una dilatación de la luz del apéndice ileocecal, y produce un acúmulo de sustancia mucoide en su interior. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el caso de un mucocele apendicular en una paciente de 57 años, que asiste a la consulta de urgencias del Servicio de Cirugía General, con dolor abdominal en fosa ilíaca derecha, y antecedentes de salud aparentes. Se le realiza intervención quirúrgica tras la detección de una imagen sugestiva de tumor apendicular por estudios imagenológicos, que es confirmada como mucocele apendicular mediante estudios histológicos. La evolución fue favorable. El mucocele apendicular es más común en mujeres entre 50 y 70 años, y requiere diagnóstico por imagen para un tratamiento quirúrgico efectivo, ya sea abierto o laparoscópico.

ABSTRACT Appendiceal mucocele is a rare entity. It constitutes a dilation of the lumen of the ileocecal appendix, and produces an accumulation of mucoid substance inside. The objective of this article is to describe the case of an appendiceal mucocele in a 57-year-old female patient, who attended the emergency consultation of the General Surgery Service with abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa, and an apparent health history. Surgical intervention was performed after the detection of an image suggestive of an appendiceal tumor by imaging studies, which was confirmed as an appendiceal mucocele by histological studies. The evolution was favorable. Appendiceal mucocele is most common in women aged 50 to 70 years and requires imaging diagnosis for effective surgical treatment, whether open or laparoscopic.

RESUMEN Introducción: el hidróxido de calcio es un medicamento que se utiliza a gran escala en tratamientos odontológicos. Su empleo se realiza, sobre todo, en el caso de las endodoncias debido a su acción bactericida y antifúngica. Objetivo: realizar una actualización sobre la efectividad del hidróxido de calcio como sustancia irrigadora en tratamientos de biopulpectomías y necropulpectomías. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, los textos se identificaron a través de la búsqueda automatizada en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo y Google Académico en el período comprendido de enero a abril de 2024. Fueron seleccionados 30 textos científicos para la búsqueda actualizada. Resultados: el hidróxido de calcio constituye el medicamento intraconducto más utilizado en el tratamiento endodóntico entre sesiones de siete días en procesos necróticos porque en esos días se observa la actividad del medicamento por la liberación iónica. Ejerce efectos tanto antibacterianos como dentinogénicos y su efectividad clínica está relacionada con la acción antimicrobiana porque la mayoría de microorganismos no pueden sobrevivir a los ambientes altamente alcalinos que produce. Conclusiones: la utilización del hidróxido de calcio como medicamento intracanal en la revascularización pulpar es beneficioso y como sustancia irrigadora tiene propiedades de biocompatibilidad y actividad antimicrobiana, es eficaz ante la eliminación de toxinas propias de las infecciones tratadas previamente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Calcium hydroxide is a drug that is used on a large scale in dental treatments. Its use is carry out mainly in the case of root canals due to its bactericidal and antifungal action. Objective: To provide an update on the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide as an irrigation substance in biopulpectomies and necropulpectomies treatments. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out, the texts were identified through automated search in the databases: Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar, from January to April 2024 period. The 30 scientific texts were selected for the updated search. Results: Calcium hydroxide is the most commonly intra-canal medication used in endodontic treatment between seven days sessions in necrotic processes, during those days the activity of the medication is observed by ion release. It exerts both antibacterial and dentinogenic effects and its clinical effectiveness is related to the antimicrobial action, most microorganisms cannot survive the highly alkaline environments it produces. Conclusions: The use of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal drug in pulp revascularization is beneficial and as an irrigating substance it has biocompatibility properties and antimicrobial activity its effective against the elimination of typical toxins in previously treated infections.

Abstract: Psychological problems involve a wide spectrum of internalizing and externalizing behaviors that affect the population. Internalizing problems refer to emotional alterations, while externalizing problems refer to behavioral issues. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to explore the type of internalizing and externalizing psychological problems observed in male and female university students enrolled in two higher education institutions in Quito, Ecuador. In total, 553 university students participated in this study, including 42% men and 58% women aged 18-25 years (M = 20.79; SD = 2.07). The results obtained using the Spanish version of the Adult Self Report (ASR) showed that women reported a significantly higher number of internalizing problems than men and that externalizing problems occurred in both sexes, albeit with behaviours associated with gender stereotypes. Notwithstanding the lack of gender differences in self-reported substance use, alcohol and tobacco use was higher among men. These results highlight the need to implement context-specific promotion, prevention, and intervention programmes for young adults.

Resumo: Os problemas psicológicos envolvem um amplo espectro de comportamentos internalizados e externalizados que afetam a população. Os problemas internalizados referem-se a alterações emocionais, enquanto os externalizados estão relacionados ao âmbito comportamental. Com base nisso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi explorar os tipos de problemas psicológicos internalizados e externalizados apresentados em mulheres e homens universitários que estão cursando seus estudos em duas instituições de ensino superior em Quito, Equador. Participaram 553 universitários, sendo 42% homens e 58% mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 25 anos (M = 20,79; DP= 2,07). Como instrumento, foi utilizada a versão em espanhol do Adult Self Report (ASR). Os resultados mostraram que os problemas internalizados relatados pelas mulheres eram significativamente maiores do que os dos homens e que os problemas externalizados ocorriam em ambos os sexos, com comportamentos associados a estereótipos de gênero. No que se refere ao consumo de substâncias, não houve diferença entre os sexos no uso de drogas, mas sim em relação ao consumo de álcool e tabaco, cuja incidência foi maior entre os homens. Esses resultados demonstram a necessidade de implementar programas de promoção, prevenção e intervenção contextualizados à realidade local, voltados para jovens adultos.

Resumen: Los problemas psicológicos involucran un amplio espectro de conductas internalizadas y externalizadas que afectan a la población. Los problemas internalizados aluden a alteraciones emocionales, mientras que los externalizados hacen referencia al ámbito conductual. En función de ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar el tipo de problemas psicológicos internalizados y externalizados que se presentan en mujeres y hombres universitarios que se encuentran cursando sus estudios en dos instituciones de educación superior de Quito, Ecuador. Participaron 553 universitarios, 42 % hombres y 58 % mujeres de 18 a 25 años (M = 20.79; DE= 2.07). Como instrumento, se utilizó la versión en español del Adult Self Report (ASR). Los resultados demostraron que los problemas internalizados reportados por las mujeres eran significativamente mayores que los de los varones y que los problemas externalizados se presentaban en ambos sexos, con conductas asociadas a estereotipos de género. En referencia al consumo de sustancias, no hubo diferencia en el reporte de ambos sexos en el uso de drogas, pero sí en cuanto a alcohol y tabaco, cuya incidencia fue mayor entre los hombres. Estos resultados demuestran la necesidad de implementar programas de promoción, prevención e intervención contextualizados al medio dirigidos a adultos jóvenes.

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar críticamente la implementación del Grupo–Taller de Hombres (Grupo Oficina de Hombre – GOH, por sus siglas en portugués) en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial – Alcohol y Drogas (CAPS – AD). El GOH nació de la alianza entre la Universidad Pública y el CAPS-AD, con base en los principios establecidos en el Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS) por la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud del Hombre (PNAISH). El grupo se presentará en cinco ejes: (1) formación del grupo; (2) construcción de la identidad grupal; (3) producciones colectivas de subjetividades y masculinidades; (4) espejo: yo y los otros hombres; (5) “este es un grupo que hace llorar a los hombres”. Concluimos que el GOH construyó cuidados que conjugaron la desconstrucción de masculinidades hegemónicas para la atención psicosocial en el uso problemático de drogas. Los participantes se reconocieron como vulnerables, compartieron experiencias y sentimientos y fortalecieron el autocuidado en las trayectorias de enfrentamiento del consumo problemático de substancias. GrupoTaller Grupo Taller portugués CAPS AD. AD . AD) CAPSAD, CAPSAD AD, CAPS-AD SUS (SUS PNAISH. PNAISH (PNAISH) ejes 1 (1 2 (2 grupal 3 (3 4 (4 espejo hombres 5 (5 hombres. hombres” drogas vulnerables substancias (PNAISH (

The aim of this study was to critically assess the implementation of a men's workshop-group (MWG) in an alcohol and drugs psychosocial care center (CAPS-AD). The MWG was born out of a partnership between a public university and the CAPS-AD guided by the principles underpinning the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) set out in the National Policy on Comprehensive Men's Healthcare (PNAISH). The discussion of the group is structured around five core themes: (1) group formation; (2) construction of group identity; (3) collective production of subjectivities and masculinities; (4) mirror: me and other men; and (5) "this is a group that makes men cry". We concluded that the MWG fosters care that combines the deconstruction of hegemonic masculinities with psychosocial care for problematic drug use. Participants recognized their vulnerability, shared experiences and feelings, and strengthened self-care for coping with problematic substance use. mens s workshopgroup workshop (MWG CAPSAD. CAPSAD CAPS AD . (CAPS-AD) SUS (SUS Mens Men PNAISH. PNAISH (PNAISH) themes 1 (1 formation 2 (2 identity 3 (3 4 (4 mirror 5 (5 cry. cry cry" use vulnerability feelings selfcare self (CAPS-AD (PNAISH (

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar criticamente a implementação do Grupo-Oficina de Homens (GOH) em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial – Álcool e Drogas (Caps-AD). O GOH nasceu da parceria entre universidade pública e o Caps-AD, baseado nos princípios estabelecidos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) pela Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem (PNAISH). O grupo será apresentado em cinco eixos: (1) formação do grupo; (2) construção da identidade grupal; (3) produções coletivas de subjetividades e masculinidades; (4) espelho: eu e os outros homens; (5) “este é um grupo que faz os homens chorarem”. Concluímos que o GOH construiu cuidados que conjugaram a desconstrução de masculinidades hegemônicas à atenção psicossocial no uso problemático de drogas. Os participantes reconheceram-se como vulneráveis, compartilharam experiências e sentimentos e fortaleceram o autocuidado nas trajetórias de enfrentamento do consumo problemático de substâncias. GrupoOficina Grupo Oficina (GOH CapsAD. CapsAD Caps AD . (Caps-AD) CapsAD, AD, Caps-AD SUS (SUS PNAISH. PNAISH (PNAISH) eixos 1 (1 2 (2 grupal 3 (3 4 (4 espelho 5 (5 este chorarem. chorarem chorarem” drogas reconheceramse reconheceram se vulneráveis substâncias (Caps-AD (PNAISH (

BACKGROUND: The increase of adolescent substance use disorders (SUDs) around the world has a lot of negative effects on the parents and frequently degrades their quality of life. Substance use disorder is a critical issue recognised as a chronic, complex health and social condition. Parents of adolescents recovering from SUD may suffer significantly as a result of the wide range of negative emotions that come with having adolescents recovering from SUD. From the extant literature, there is little evidence of the strategies used to address the support needs of parents who carry the burden of adolescent SUD care. AIM: The authors focused on exploring the support needs of parents living with adolescents recovering from SUD. SETTING: The study was conducted in Tshwane, where they struggling with adolescent SUD issues, making it challenging to foster stable communities and social cohesion. Data were collected at the three in-patient treatment centres. METHODS: Qualitative reseach was used to understand the phenomenon using ecological systems theory. The researchers conducted face to face interviews with parents, employing semi-structured method through purposive sampling. RESULTS: The findings highlighted the following themes: The findings highlighted the following them: experiences of parenting an adolescent recovering from SUD, the support needed for parents and the desired services to help them cope. CONCLUSION: Parents expressed feeling overwhelmed and struggling to cope with adolescents recovering from SUD. CONTRIBUTION: The study benefits the social work profession in the field of substance dependency by finding ways to support parents of adolescents recovering from SUD.