The social and political history of South Africa yielded massive transformation in the higher education landscape, including access to education and the merger of universities. Despite the many successes of transformation, it brought with it challenges such as increasing participation, student retention, throughput, and graduation rates; changes in government funding models; declining student subsidies and providing quality education with limited resources. The South African higher education sector is multi-faceted, and students have a wide range of higher education options. This study explored factors influencing decision-making of first-year students when selecting a university. Data was collected from first-year students and employees at a University of Technology. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the researchers analysed the complex factors that guide students' decision-making when selecting a university. The findings revealed that factors significantly influencing decision-making on university selection are, the reputation and quality of university programmes offered, response time and support provided by staff; location; and infrastructure and facilities. This research is significant in that it will assist higher education institutions, particularly marketing and communications departments to be more responsive to students' needs by shifting toward active engagement in its marketing and recruitment approaches to attract, retain, and satisfy students.

Abstract Transfers, in the form of subsidies, are a government intervention aimed at boosting economic development. These are provided through various instruments that affect production and trade. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development classifies these instruments into categories from most to least distorting. In its strategy of deregulating the world market, it encourages the use of the latter in agricultural policy. Nonetheless, the effect of this recommendation on the value of agricultural production has been poorly researched. This work assessed the relationship between the amounts of support in different agricultural policy instruments used and the value of the production of subsidized agricultural products (VpS) in Mexico, Brazil, and Chile during the period 1995-2020, through a multiple linear regression model with the stepwise backward elimination procedure. The results show that the transfer items that were relevant to explain the VpS in Mexico were: storage, marketing and other physical infrastructure, support based on area and number of animals, extension services, safety and inspection of agricultural products and institutional infrastructure (p< 0.05), in Brazil they were: research, market prices and education (p< 0.05) and in Chile they were: research, storage, marketing and other physical infrastructure, and farm restructuring (p< 0.05). It should be noted that all instruments with a significant effect on the VpS are classified as less distortive, except for the market price support present in Brazil.

Resumen Las transferencias, bajo la modalidad de subsidios, configuran una intervención gubernamental dirigida a impulsar el desarrollo económico. Estas se brindan a través de diversos instrumentos que inciden en la producción y el comercio. La organización para la cooperación y el desarrollo económicos clasifica estos instrumentos en categorías de mayor a menor distorsión. En su estrategia de desregulación del mercado mundial, incentiva el empleo de estos últimos en la política agrícola. Sin embargo, el efecto de esta recomendación sobre el valor de la producción agrícola ha sido escasamente investigado. Este trabajo evaluó la relación entre el monto de apoyo en diferentes instrumentos de política agrícola empleados y el valor de la producción de productos agrícolas subsidiados (VpS) en México, Brasil y Chile durante el periodo 1995-2020, a través de un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con el procedimiento de eliminación etapa por etapa hacia atrás (stepwise backward). Los resultados muestran que los rubros de las transferencias que resultaron relevantes para explicar el VpS en México fueron: almacenamiento, mercadeo y otra infraestructura física, apoyos basados en superficie y número de animales, servicios de extensión, seguridad e inspección de productos agrícolas e infraestructura institucional (p< 0.05), en Brasil fueron: investigación, precios de mercado y educación (p< 0.05) y en Chile fueron: investigación, almacenamiento, mercadeo y otra infraestructura física y reestructuración de fincas (p< 0.05). Se debe destacar que todos los instrumentos con efecto significativo sobre el VpS están clasificados como menos distorsionantes, con excepción del apoyo a precios de mercado presente en Brasil.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused the stoppage of the movement of people globally, a situation that especially affected tourism as an economic activity. This article addresses the impact of the closure of the Peruvian-Chilean border during the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel and gastronomic sector of Tacna. Through a qualitative methodology that included a bibliographic review, economic data analysis, and semi-structured interviews with hotel and restaurant owners and managers, we investigated the problems they had to face during the pandemic and the strategies to overcome them. The findings indicate that until March 2020 both items experienced strong growth within the framework of cross-border practices from Chileans to Tacna, within which enjoying Peruvian food was one of the main attractions. The pandemic forced small hotels and restaurants to deploy strategies such as layoffs and the provision of family labor to overcome the crisis and convert to delivery food. The largest and most formalized companies accessed subsidies and support from the state and in other cases, the reconversion was hand in hand with agreements with mining companies to house workers while the health emergency lasted.

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 produjo la detención de los desplazamientos de personas a nivel global, situación que afectó especialmente al turismo como actividad económica. Este artículo aborda el impacto que produjo el cierre de la frontera peruano-chilena durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en el rubro hotelero y gastronómico de Tacna. A través de una metodología cualitativa que incluyó revisión bibliográfica, análisis de datos económicos y entrevistas semiestructuradas a dueños y administradores de hoteles y restaurantes, indagamos los problemas que debieron afrontar durante la pandemia y las estrategias para superarlos. Los hallazgos indican que hasta marzo del 2020, ambos rubros experimentaron un fuerte crecimiento en el marco de prácticas transfronterizas de chilenos a Tacna, dentro de los cuales, disfrutar de la comida peruana era uno de los principales atractivos. La pandemia obligó a los hoteles y restaurantes pequeños a desplegar estrategias como el despido y la provisión de mano de obra familiar para superar la crisis y reconvertirse a la comida por entregas o delivery. Las empresas más grandes y con mayor formalización accedieron a subsidios y apoyos del Estado y en otros casos, la reconversión fue de la mano de convenios con empresas mineras para alojar a trabajadores mientras duró la emergencia sanitaria.

Abstract: In the last decade, Chile has experienced sustained growth in informal settlements, especially in the Valparaíso Region, which concentrates 22 % nationwide. To address it, the State has prioritized the relocation strategy by delivering housing subsidies and moving families from the camps to different places, with little evidence of the impacts on Urban Social Integration (ISU), the guiding principle of the National Development Policy. Urban. This article visualizes the geographical displacement of families in Greater Valparaíso between 2011 and 2022 and analyzes their perceptions and experiences from a sociocultural, political, economic, and spatial sphere. The results indicate that families perceive improvements in living conditions in the home. However, they present difficulties in reconstructing the social identity that existed in the informal settlement, their links with the labor market and income, and essential urban services have been weakened. They do not have availability and adequate coverage, and they perceive abandonment by institutions in the process of adaptation and integration into the neighborhood. This highlights the urgency of incorporating comprehensive material and symbolic strategies that address ISU from the multidimensionality that a family's vital situation implies.

Resumen: En la última década, Chile ha experimentado un crecimiento sostenido de los campamentos, especialmente en la Región de Valparaíso, que concentra el 22 % de estos a nivel nacional. Para su abordaje, el Estado ha priorizado la estrategia de relocalización mediante la entrega de subsidios habitacionales, trasladando familias desde los campamentos a diferentes lugares, con escasas evidencias de los impactos en integración social urbana (ISU), principio rector de la Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano. Este artículo visualiza el desplazamiento geográfico de las familias en el Gran Valparaíso entre 2011 y 2022, y analiza sus percepciones y experiencias desde una esfera sociocultural, política, económica y espacial. Los resultados indican que estas perciben mejoras en las condiciones de habitabilidad en la vivienda, sin embargo, presentan dificultades para reconstruir la identidad social que existía en el campamento, se han debilitado sus vínculos con el mercado laboral y los ingresos, los servicios urbanos esenciales no tienen disponibilidad y cobertura adecuada, y perciben abandono por parte de las instituciones públicas en el proceso de adaptación e integración al barrio. Esto resalta la urgencia de incorporar estrategias integrales de orden material y simbólico que aborden la ISU desde la multidimensionalidad que implica la situación vital de una familia.

Abstract: Since the 1970s, the social housing sector in Latin America underwent market-led transformations that reduced State intervention and boosted participation by private developers and financial institutions. Their participation increased the housing supply but left behind the poorest sectors of the population for whom this type of housing remains unaffordable. Subsidy policies seek to promote affordability, either by directly providing workers with down payment funds or by injecting money into the production chain to reduce housing prices. Their implementation, however, remains marginal and shows a downward trend while housing costs steadily continue to rise. Even if subsidies are central to remedying the affordability gap left by market-led social housing policies in Latin America, few studies include them as a variable that would help understand the social housing production cycle and project potential scenarios. This study applies a dynamic model to simulate three prospective scenarios that analyze the relationship between subsidy provision and housing deficit reduction in the Metropolitan Area ofSan Luis Potosi, Mexico. The results show that the best-case scenario is one where subsidies are increased by 30% to reduce the housing deficit while avoiding skyrocketing land prices and housing costs.

Resumen: Desde la década de 1970, el sector de la vivienda social en Latinoamérica sufrió transformaciones que redujeron la intervención del Estado e incrementaron la participación de desarrolladores privados e instituciones financieras. Esto multiplicó la oferta, pero dejó atrás a los sectores más pobres de la población para quienes este tipo de vivienda sigue siendo inasequible. Las políticas de subsidios buscan promover la asequibilidad de la vivienda, ya sea dotando directamente a los trabajadores de fondos para pagar el enganche de una hipoteca o inyectándole dinero a la cadena de producción para reducir el costo final de la vivienda. Su implementación, sin embargo, es marginal y muestra una tendencia a la baja mientras que los costos se incrementan constantemente. Aún y cuando los subsidios son centrales para atender la brecha de asequibilidad que dejan las políticas de mercado en Latinoamérica, pocos estudios los incluyen como variable para entender el ciclo de producción de la vivienda social y para proyectar escenarios posibles. Este estudio implementa un modelo dinámico a la simulación de tres escenarios prospectivos que analizan la relación entre provisión de subsidios y la reducción del déficit de vivienda en el Área Metropolitana de San Luis Potosí, México. Los resultados muestran que el mejor escenario para reducir el déficit y evitar un incremento abrupto en los precios del suelo y en el costo final de la vivienda consiste en incrementar los subsidios en un 30%.

Abstract: In Colombia, the right to social security has historically been tied to employment, meaning that those with formal employment access health care and acquire the right to be protected during old age through a pension. This human right was elevated to a constitutional right in 1991. Since then, some constitutional reforms and, especially, numerous decrees have sought to address the issue of the old age protection. However, the reforms continue to be focused on those with employment ties. Despite various bills, the reality does not show significant improvements in the situation of the elderly population, as only a maximum of 25% of the population reaching old age acquires the right to enjoy a pension enabling a dignified old age. The rest of the population is left at the mercy of family and social solidarity, some precarious subsidies provided by the State, and, to a large extent, abandonment. The study was fundamentally a theoretical-qualitative analysis aiming to highlight the structural conditions-beyond legal complexities-that prevent a large part of the population in Colombia from accessing a pension under dignified conditions, as well as the cases of those who, despite meeting the requirements, must undergo a tortuous process to effectively enjoy this right.

Resumen: En Colombia, el derecho a la seguridad social históricamente ha estado ligado al ejercicio laboral, es decir, quien tiene un vínculo de trabajo formal accede a la atención en salud y adquiere el derecho a tener una vejez protegida a través de una pensión. Este derecho humano desde 1991 fue elevado a derecho constitucional, desde entonces algunas reformas constitucionales y en especial la expedición de numerosos cuerpos normativos han buscado dar solución al problema de protección en la vejez, sin embargo, el centro de las reformas continúa estando direccionada hacia quienes tienen una vinculación laboral. No obstante, las diversas propuestas, en la realidad no reflejan mejoras significativas, pues tan solo un máximo del 25 % de la población que llega a la tercera edad adquiere el derecho de disfrutar una pensión que posibilite una vejez en condiciones dignas; el resto de la población queda supeditada a la solidaridad familiar y social, algunos subsidios precarios que provee el Estado y, en un alto porcentaje, al abandono. Este estudio ha sido fundamentalmente un análisis teórico-cualitativo y busca evidenciar las condiciones estructurales -más allá de los laberintos jurídicos- que impiden que una gran parte de la población en Colombia acceda a una pensión en condiciones de dignidad, así como en los eventos de quienes, a pesar de construir los requerimientos para acceder al derecho, deben iniciar un tortuoso proceso para llegar a gozar efectivamente de este.

Resumo: Na Colômbia o direito à previdência social tem estado historicamente ligado ao exercício do trabalho, isto é, quem tem um vínculo de trabalho formal tem acesso à atenção em saúde e adquire o direito de ter uma velhice protegida por meio de uma aposentadoria. Esse direito humano desde 1991 foi elevado a direito constitucional, a partir disso, algumas reformas constitucionais e em especial a expedição de numerosos corpos normativos tentaram dar solução ao problema da proteção na velhice, no entanto, o foco das reformas continua estando dirigido para aqueles que têm um vínculo de trabalho. Contudo, as diversas propostas não refletem melhoras significativas, posto que apenas um máximo de 25% da população que atinge a terceira idade adquire o direito de gozar de uma aposentadoria que possibilite uma velhice em condições dignas; o resto da população depende da solidariedade familiar e social, alguns subsídios precários entregues pelo Estado e, em uma alta porcentagem, fica no abandono. O estudo faz uma análise teórica qualitativa e procura evidencias as condições estruturais - além dos labirintos jurídicos - que impedem que uma grande parte da população da Colômbia tenha acesso a uma aposentadoria em condições de dignidade, assim como nos casos daqueles que apesar de construir os requerimentos para aceder ao direito, tem que fazer um processo tortuoso para poder gozar dele efetivamente.

Abstract Carbon accumulation in coffee is a way to reduce greenhouse gases and combat climate change; nevertheless, in the Sierra de Chiapas, there is no accurate information on carbon capture in coffee plantations. Quantifying carbon is essential to value this ecosystem service and conserve coffee plantations through subsidies. For this reason, this research aims to evaluate the carbon stored in the aerial biomass of coffee in two altitudinal gradients and determine the concentration of carbon (CC) and nitrogen, with CC being an indispensable element in obtaining the carbon stored in coffee. The study was carried out at two altitudes: the first at 1 200 m and the second at an altitude of 1 500 m, in the year 2022. To estimate the carbon, first, the biomass was estimated indirectly using an allometric equation for the species, then the concentration of carbon and nitrogen was determined with a device called Thermo Scientific Flash 2000 NC Soils Analyzer, which works by complete combustion at 950 °C. Once the biomass and the concentration of carbon in coffee were obtained, they were multiplied, thus obtaining the stored carbon; for carbon dioxide, the stored carbon was multiplied by the constant 3.67. The results indicate significant differences in the range of 1 200 masl (10.72 t C ha-1) and the lowest carbon storage in the range of 1 500 masl (4.74 t C ha-1). This indicates that the altitude of the site influences carbon capture in coffee; the lower the altitude, the more carbon stored there will be in the coffee.

Resumen La acumulación de carbono en el café es una forma de disminuir los gases de efecto invernadero y combatir el cambio climático; sin embargo, en la Sierra de Chiapas no se tiene información precisa sobre la captura de carbono en los cafetales. Cuantificar el carbono es dispensable para valorar este servicio ecosistémico y conservar las plantaciones de café a través de subsidios. Por esta razón la presente investigación tiene como objetivo, evaluar el carbono almacenado en biomasa aérea de café en dos gradientes altitudinales, así también determinar la concentración de carbono (CC) y nitrógeno, siendo la CC un elemento indispensable para obtener el carbono almacenado en café. El estudio se realizó en dos altitudes: la primera a 1 200 m y la segunda a una altitud de 1 500 m. Para estimar el carbono, primeramente, se estimó la biomasa de manera indirecta utilizando una ecuación alométrica para la especie, posteriormente la concentración de carbono y nitrógeno se determinó con un equipo denominado analizador elemental Thermo Scientific Flash 2000 NC Soils Analyzer, que funciona por combustión completa a 950 °C. Una vez obtenido la biomasa y la concentración de carbono en café se multiplicaron, obteniendo así el carbono almacenado, para el dióxido de carbono se multiplicó el carbono almacenado por la constante 3.67. Los resultados indican diferencias significativas en el rango 1 200 msnm (10.72 t C ha-1) y el más bajo almacenamiento de carbono en el rango 1 500 msnm (4. 74 t C ha-1). Lo anterior, indica que la captura de carbono en café es influenciada por la altitud del sitio, a menor altitud mayor carbono almacenado habrá en el café.

ABSTRACT In this paper, we define argumentative competence as the set of procedures that interlocutors effectively adopt to jointly and reflexively define the situation in which they are inserted as argumentative. In the reflection on this notion of argumentative competence, we articulate studies on the notion of interactional competence and on a dialogic notion of argumentation. Based on this theoretical framework, we argue that the development of an argumentative competence by students occurs through the analysis of effective argumentative interactions and the participation of students in interactions in which opposing points of view are supported and defended. In the empirical part of the work, we analyze a debate promoted by the Secretary of Education of the State of São Paulo in which six students debate the topic of bullying in schools. In the analysis, we observed that the argumentative value of verbal and non-verbal resources is not some semantic or rhetorical attribute inherent to these resources. This value arises from the way the students used them, evaluating them as adequate to argue and, thus, constituting the situation as argumentative. paper argumentation framework defended work schools nonverbal non thus

RESUMO Neste trabalho, definimos a competência argumentativa como os procedimentos que os interlocutores efetivamente adotam para definir conjunta e reflexivamente a situação em que estão inseridos como argumentativa. Em nossa reflexão sobre essa noção de competência argumentativa, convergimos os estudos sobre a noção de competência interacional e sobre uma noção dialogal de argumentação. Com base nesse arcabouço teórico, sustentamos que o desenvolvimento por estudantes de uma competência argumentativa ocorre por meio de sua análise de interações argumentativas efetivas e de sua participação em interações em que se sustentam e se defendem pontos de vista em oposição. Na parte empírica do trabalho, analisamos um debate promovido pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo em que seis estudantes debatem o tema do bullying nas escolas. Na análise, foi possível verificar que o que faz com que os recursos verbais e não-verbais que as/os estudantes utilizaram ganhem um valor argumentativo não é algum atributo semântico ou retórico inerente a esses recursos, mas antes seu uso pelos interlocutores, que os avaliaram como adequados para argumentar e, assim, constituir a situação como argumentativa. trabalho argumentação teórico oposição escolas nãoverbais asos as assim

Abstract This research aimed to measure the impact of technical assistance and rural extension (ATER) actions on livelihoods and quality of life of family farmers assisted by Emater in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The sample is of 120 farmers assisted by Emater from the 2018 to 2022, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using PLS-SEM. ATER actions has a positive direct effect on both livelihoods and quality of life. Moreover, livelihoods partially mediate the relationship between ATER and quality of life. Regarding specific indirect effects, income was the dimension of quality of life most affected by both ATER and livelihoods, while financial capital was the dimension of livelihoods most influenced by ATER. These findings highlight the significant contribution of ATER to the economic and financial aspects of family farmers, while acknowledging the importance of education and housing (dimensions of quality of life) and natural, human, and social capital (dimensions of livelihoods) for their overall development. The results contribute to the literature on ATER, livelihoods and quality of life, and the validation of the ATER measurement instrument provide valuable subsidies for future studies and important directions for Emater in order to review and strengthen the ATER policies. (ATER Goiás Brazil 12 201 2022 PLSSEM. PLSSEM PLS SEM. SEM PLS-SEM Moreover effects dimensions natural human development policies 1 20 202 2

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo mensurar o efeito das ações de assistência técnica e extensão rural (ATER) nos meios de vida e na qualidade de vida de agricultores familiares atendidos pela Emater no estado de Goiás, Brasil. A amostra é formada por 120 agricultores atendidos pela Emater no período de 2018 a 2022. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário estruturado e analisados por modelagem de equações estruturais PLS-SEM. As ações de ATER têm efeito direto positivo nos meios de vida e na qualidade de vida. Além disso, os meios de vida mediam parcialmente a relação entre ATER e qualidade de vida. Em relação aos efeitos indiretos específicos, a renda foi a dimensão da qualidade de vida mais afetada tanto pela ATER quanto pelos meios de vida, enquanto o capital financeiro foi a dimensão dos meios de vida mais influenciada pela ATER. Esses resultados destacam a contribuição significativa da ATER para aspectos econômicos e financeiros da vida dos agricultores familiares, ao mesmo tempo em que confirmam a importância da educação e da habitação (dimensões da qualidade de vida) e do capital natural, humano e social (dimensões dos meios de vida) para o desenvolvimento global da vida desses agricultores. Os resultados contribuem para a literatura de ATER, meios de subsistência e qualidade de vida, e a validação do instrumento de mensuração da ATER fornece subsídios valiosos para futuros estudos e importantes direcionamentos para a Emater rever e fortalecer suas políticas de ATER. (ATER Goiás Brasil 12 201 2022 PLSSEM. PLSSEM PLS SEM. SEM PLS-SEM disso específicos dimensões natural 1 20 202 2

El objetivo fue discutir sobre trayectorias de aprendizaje situado para la rehabilitación social en Comunidades de Práctica (CoP) presenciales y online para personas con estomia. Se desempeñó una revisión narrativa comprensiva con línea de tiempo abierta para el muestreo de 18 artículos internacionales. La interpretación culminó en los pilares conceptuales de la CoP en salud, partiendo de las identidades y trayectorias rumbo a la participación central, perificidad legítima y reificación. Transferencia educativa en escenarios presenciales y online con artefactos, ejemplos y dilemas de implantación de diseñadores o arreglos colaborativos para diversos tipos de enfermedad y la urgencia de la evaluación interprofesional de la trayectoria y, finalmente, conociendo la existencia de las comunidades éticas, se propusieron subsidios para comunidades de práctica destinadas a las personas con estomias en el Sistema Brasileño de Salud, con la intención de la participación social-cuidadora y la rehabilitación. (CoP estomia 1 internacionales salud central reificación artefactos finalmente éticas Salud socialcuidadora cuidadora

The objective was to discuss situated learning trajectories for social rehabilitation in face-to-face and online Communities of Practice (CoP) for people with a stoma. A comprehensive narrative review was carried out with an open timeline, with a sample of 18 international articles. The interpretation culminated in the conceptual pillars of the healthcare CoP, starting from identities and trajectories towards central participation, legitimate peripherality and reification; educational transfer in face-to-face and online settings with artifacts; examples and dilemmas of implementing collaborative designs or arrangements for different types of illness and the urgency of an interprofessional evaluation of the trajectory; finally, knowing about the existence of ethical communities, subsidies were proposed for communities of practice targeted at people with a stoma in the Brazilian National Health System, aiming at social-care participation and rehabilitation. facetoface face CoP (CoP timeline 1 articles reification artifacts trajectory finally System socialcare care

Objetivou-se discutir trajetórias de aprendizagem situadas na reabilitação social em Comunidades de Prática (CoP) presenciais e on-line para pessoas com estomia. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa compreensiva com linha temporal aberta e amostragem de 18 artigos internacionais. A interpretação culminou nos pilares conceituais da CoP em saúde partindo de identidades e trajetórias rumo à participação central, à perificidade legítima e à reificação; transferência educacional em cenários presenciais e on-line com artefatos; exemplos e dilemas de implantação de designers ou arranjos colaborativos para diversos tipos de adoecimento e premência da avaliação interprofissional da trajetória; e, por fim, sabendo da existência das comunidades éticas, foram propostos subsídios para comunidades de prática destinadas às pessoas com estomias no Sistema Único de Saúde, tencionando a participação social-cuidativa e a reabilitação. Objetivouse Objetivou se (CoP online on line estomia 1 internacionais central reificação artefatos trajetória fim éticas Saúde socialcuidativa cuidativa

Abstract Food, besides being a biological imperative for survival and human health, is coated with cultural meanings that determine its multiple expressions in society. The fields of food, nutrition, health, and anthropology intersect in the discussion about food practices. This theoretical and reflexive essay aims to reflect on the relevance of the food practices of low-income women for the possible overcoming of food and nutritional insecurity, examining the relationships established with food in the context of the kitchen, of their bodies, and of the access to food. The methodological path followed was the reflexive and exploratory study, which uses bibliographical and documental sources to support the analyses based on a critical reading of reality. The patriarchal heritage continues to assign women the role of family caretaker, which encompasses everything from acquiring food to its preparation and serving meals. We propose that the food practices of these women can drive potential changes, which would serve as tools for the application of public health policies. The reflections offer subsidies for planning of policies that can empower them as subjects of critical action and reflection, opening a projection of possible scenarios for the agency of ways to overcome food insecurity. Food society nutrition lowincome low income insecurity kitchen bodies study reality caretaker meals changes reflection

Resumo A alimentação, além de imperativo biológico para sobrevivência e saúde humana, é revestida de significados culturais que determinam suas múltiplas expressões na sociedade. Os campos da alimentação, da nutrição, da saúde e da antropologia se interseccionam na discussão sobre práticas alimentares. Este ensaio teórico do tipo reflexivo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a relevância das práticas alimentares das mulheres de camadas populares para possível superação da insegurança alimentar e nutricional, examinando as relações estabelecidas com a comida no contexto da cozinha, de seus corpos e do acesso aos alimentos. O percurso metodológico consiste no estudo reflexivo de caráter exploratório, que recorre a fontes bibliográficas e documentais para alicerçar as análises com base em uma leitura crítica da realidade. A herança patriarcal continua delegando à mulher o papel de cuidadora familiar, o que abarca a alimentação: desde a aquisição do alimento até o preparo e fornecimento das refeições. Propomos que as práticas alimentares dessas mulheres podem impulsionar potenciais mudanças, que serviriam como ferramentas para aplicação de políticas públicas. As reflexões oferecem subsídios para o planejamento de políticas que possam empoderá-las como sujeitos de ação e reflexão crítica, abrindo uma projeção de cenários possíveis para agenciar formas de superação das inseguranças alimentares. alimentação humana sociedade nutrição nutricional cozinha alimentos exploratório realidade familiar refeições mudanças públicas empoderálas empoderá las

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern worldwide. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the factors that facilitate access to care for viral hepatitis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Using a sequential mixed method, this evaluation research was conducted in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: Mapping of references and selection of regions were made based on the quantity and heterogeneity of services. The stakeholders, including the managers of the State Department of Health and professionals from reference services, were identified. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted using content analysis and discussions guided by the dimensions of the analysis model of universal access to health services. RESULTS: In the political dimension, decentralizing services and adhering to the Intermunicipal Health Consortium are highly encouraged. In the economic-social dimension, a commitment exists to allocate public funds for the expansion of referral services and subsidies to support users in their travel for appointments, medications, and examinations. In the organizational dimension, the availability of inputs for testing, definition of user flow, ease of scheduling appointments, coordination by primary care in testing, collaboration following the guidelines and protocols, and engagement in extramural activities are guaranteed. In the technical dimension, professionals actively commit to the service and offer different opening hours, guarantee the presence of an infectious physician, expand training opportunities, and establish intersectoral partnerships. In the symbolic dimension, professionals actively listen to the experiences of users throughout their care trajectory and demonstrate empathy. CONCLUSIONS: The results are crucial for improving comprehensiveness, but necessitate managerial efforts to enhance regional governance. BACKGROUND worldwide OBJECTIVES SETTING method Grosso Brazil METHODS stakeholders identified semistructured semi structured RESULTS dimension encouraged economicsocial economic social appointments medications examinations testing flow protocols guaranteed hours physician opportunities partnerships empathy CONCLUSIONS comprehensiveness governance

The use of antibiotics is still intensive in animal production. Among the most used veterinary products in pig farming, tetracyclines can be highlighted. When used in excess, these substances can leave residues in food, which depending on the concentration pose a risk on consumers. Brazil, as one of the world’s largest producer and exporter of animal protein, must be attentive to the laws and ensure that their meat products are safe for human health. So, the concentration of veterinary residues eventually detected must be below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) stipulated by the regulatory agencies. To contribute with subsidies for decision making in pork safety to the annual monitoring program, performed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, this study aimed to evaluate the residues of tetracyclines in swine muscle from the federal inspection system, by validated and officially accepted analytical methodology (HPLC-UV). Any suspect results obtained from the HPLC-UV analysis can be confirmed immediately by injecting the samples onto a LC-MS/MS system. The results showed that all evaluated samples had concentrations of tetracycline residues below the MRL, and therefore, can be considered safe for human consumption. production farming highlighted excess food consumers Brazil worlds world s protein health So MRLs (MRLs agencies program Livestock system HPLCUV. HPLCUV HPLC UV . (HPLC-UV) LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS/MS MS MRL therefore consumption (HPLC-UV LCMS MSMS

Abstract Food, besides being a biological imperative for survival and human health, is coated with cultural meanings that determine its multiple expressions in society. The fields of food, nutrition, health, and anthropology intersect in the discussion about food practices. This theoretical and reflexive essay aims to reflect on the relevance of the food practices of low-income women for the possible overcoming of food and nutritional insecurity, examining the relationships established with food in the context of the kitchen, of their bodies, and of the access to food. The methodological path followed was the reflexive and exploratory study, which uses bibliographical and documental sources to support the analyses based on a critical reading of reality. The patriarchal heritage continues to assign women the role of family caretaker, which encompasses everything from acquiring food to its preparation and serving meals. We propose that the food practices of these women can drive potential changes, which would serve as tools for the application of public health policies. The reflections offer subsidies for planning of policies that can empower them as subjects of critical action and reflection, opening a projection of possible scenarios for the agency of ways to overcome food insecurity. Food society nutrition lowincome low income insecurity kitchen bodies study reality caretaker meals changes reflection

Resumo A alimentação, além de imperativo biológico para sobrevivência e saúde humana, é revestida de significados culturais que determinam suas múltiplas expressões na sociedade. Os campos da alimentação, da nutrição, da saúde e da antropologia se interseccionam na discussão sobre práticas alimentares. Este ensaio teórico do tipo reflexivo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a relevância das práticas alimentares das mulheres de camadas populares para possível superação da insegurança alimentar e nutricional, examinando as relações estabelecidas com a comida no contexto da cozinha, de seus corpos e do acesso aos alimentos. O percurso metodológico consiste no estudo reflexivo de caráter exploratório, que recorre a fontes bibliográficas e documentais para alicerçar as análises com base em uma leitura crítica da realidade. A herança patriarcal continua delegando à mulher o papel de cuidadora familiar, o que abarca a alimentação: desde a aquisição do alimento até o preparo e fornecimento das refeições. Propomos que as práticas alimentares dessas mulheres podem impulsionar potenciais mudanças, que serviriam como ferramentas para aplicação de políticas públicas. As reflexões oferecem subsídios para o planejamento de políticas que possam empoderá-las como sujeitos de ação e reflexão crítica, abrindo uma projeção de cenários possíveis para agenciar formas de superação das inseguranças alimentares. alimentação humana sociedade nutrição nutricional cozinha alimentos exploratório realidade familiar refeições mudanças públicas empoderálas empoderá las

El objetivo fue discutir sobre trayectorias de aprendizaje situado para la rehabilitación social en Comunidades de Práctica (CoP) presenciales y online para personas con estomia. Se desempeñó una revisión narrativa comprensiva con línea de tiempo abierta para el muestreo de 18 artículos internacionales. La interpretación culminó en los pilares conceptuales de la CoP en salud, partiendo de las identidades y trayectorias rumbo a la participación central, perificidad legítima y reificación. Transferencia educativa en escenarios presenciales y online con artefactos, ejemplos y dilemas de implantación de diseñadores o arreglos colaborativos para diversos tipos de enfermedad y la urgencia de la evaluación interprofesional de la trayectoria y, finalmente, conociendo la existencia de las comunidades éticas, se propusieron subsidios para comunidades de práctica destinadas a las personas con estomias en el Sistema Brasileño de Salud, con la intención de la participación social-cuidadora y la rehabilitación.

The objective was to discuss situated learning trajectories for social rehabilitation in face-to-face and online Communities of Practice (CoP) for people with a stoma. A comprehensive narrative review was carried out with an open timeline, with a sample of 18 international articles. The interpretation culminated in the conceptual pillars of the healthcare CoP, starting from identities and trajectories towards central participation, legitimate peripherality and reification; educational transfer in face-to-face and online settings with artifacts; examples and dilemmas of implementing collaborative designs or arrangements for different types of illness and the urgency of an interprofessional evaluation of the trajectory; finally, knowing about the existence of ethical communities, subsidies were proposed for communities of practice targeted at people with a stoma in the Brazilian National Health System, aiming at social-care participation and rehabilitation.

Objetivou-se discutir trajetórias de aprendizagem situadas na reabilitação social em Comunidades de Prática (CoP) presenciais e on-line para pessoas com estomia. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa compreensiva com linha temporal aberta e amostragem de 18 artigos internacionais. A interpretação culminou nos pilares conceituais da CoP em saúde partindo de identidades e trajetórias rumo à participação central, à perificidade legítima e à reificação; transferência educacional em cenários presenciais e on-line com artefatos; exemplos e dilemas de implantação de designers ou arranjos colaborativos para diversos tipos de adoecimento e premência da avaliação interprofissional da trajetória; e, por fim, sabendo da existência das comunidades éticas, foram propostos subsídios para comunidades de prática destinadas às pessoas com estomias no Sistema Único de Saúde, tencionando a participação social-cuidativa e a reabilitação.