Abstract Introduction: Almost 800 female deaths occur daily due to preventable causes associated with complications during or after pregnancy or childbirth, equivalent to two maternal deaths per minute. Objective: To develop a nursing care process for a pregnant woman who suffered from hyperthyroidism using diagnostic taxonomies, results and nursing interventions with a focus on Orem's theory. Methodology: Case study of a pregnant woman treated in a second level care hospital, the Orem assessment guide was used, developing the stages: assessment, diagnosis, planning, execution and evaluation, individualized care plans were designed and executed. Privacy was protected by omitting identity, respecting the rights and well-being of the participant. Results: The risk conditioning factor that compromised the health of the mother-child binomial gave way to care planning aimed at the process of ineffective motherhood and ineffective self-management of health, establishing interventions such as high-risk pregnancy care and teaching the process of illness and prescribed medications, an improvement was obtained in the patient's health status, which allowed her discharge and adequate management of the high-risk pregnancy. Conclusion: The nursing care process exposed the context in which the pregnant woman with known uncontrolled pathology is admitted, which compromised maternal-fetal well-being. Nursing education is required to promote preconception maternal health for future pregnancies.

Abstrato Introdução: Quase 800 mortes femininas ocorrem diariamente por causas evitáveis associadas a complicações durante ou após a gravidez ou o parto, o equivalente a duas mortes maternas por minuto. Objetivo: Desenvolver um processo de cuidado de enfermagem a uma gestante portadora de hipertireoidismo utilizando taxonomias diagnósticas, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem com enfoque na teoria de Orem. Metodologia: Estudo de caso de uma gestante atendida em um hospital de atenção secundária, utilizou-se o guia de avaliação de Orem, desenvolvendo as etapas: avaliação, diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação, foram desenhados e executados planos de cuidados individualizados. A privacidade foi protegida pela omissão da identidade, respeitando os direitos e o bem-estar do participante. Resultados: O fator condicionante de risco que comprometia a saúde do binômio mãe-filho deu lugar ao planejamento do cuidado voltado ao processo de maternidade ineficaz e à autogestão ineficaz da saúde, estabelecendo intervenções como o cuidado à gravidez de alto risco e ensinando o processo e medicamentos prescritos, houve uma melhora no estado de saúde da paciente, o que permitiu sua alta e o gerenciamento adequado da gravidez de alto risco. Conclusão: O processo de cuidado de enfermagem expôs o contexto em que a gestante com patologia conhecida não controlada é internada, o que compromete o bem-estar materno-fetal. A educação em enfermagem é necessária para promover a saúde materna pré-concepcional em futuras gestações.

Resumen Introducción: Casi 800 muertes de mujeres en forma diaria ocurren por causas prevenibles asociadas a complicaciones durante o después del embarazo o el parto, equivaliendo dos muertes maternas por minuto. Objetivo: Desarrollar un proceso de atención de enfermería a gestante que cursó con hipertiroidismo empleando las taxonomías diagnósticas, resultados e intervenciones de enfermería con enfoque de la teoría de Orem. Metodología: Estudio de caso a mujer gestante atendida en hospital de segundo nivel de atención, se empleó la guía de valoración de Orem desarrollando las etapas: valoración, diagnóstico, planeación, ejecución y evaluación, se diseñaron y ejecutaron planes de cuidados individualizados. Se protegió la privacidad omitiendo identidad, respetando los derechos y bienestar de la participante. Resultados: El factor condicionante de riesgo que comprometía la salud del binomio madre-hijo, dio paso a la planificación del cuidado encaminado al proceso de maternidad ineficaz y autogestión ineficaz de la salud, estableciendo intervenciones como cuidados del embarazo de alto riesgo y enseñanza del proceso de enfermedad y medicamentos prescritos, se obtuvo mejora en el estado de salud de la paciente, lo que permitió su alta y un adecuado manejo del embarazo de alto riesgo. Conclusión: El proceso de atención de enfermería expuso el contexto en el que ingresa la mujer gestante con patología conocida no controlada, lo que comprometía el bienestar materno-fetal. Se requiere educación por parte de enfermería para fomentar la salud materna preconcepcional para futuros embarazos.

Abstract: The approach to the urban development plan by Brazilian architect Lucio Costa for the Alagados neighborhood (1972) emphasizes the dimension of social housing in its urban planning, highlighting the incorporations carried out in response to the revisions of the modern movement. The study contextualizes revisionist approaches in urban plans, focusing on housing clusters in superblocks and their relationship with public facilities, bringing out the organicist paradigm, aiming for flexibility in urban planning. An approach is taken that includes a specific architectural historiography and design theory, reviewing Lucio Costa's proposal through the analysis of documents, plans, and works. Given the disagreement between social housing policy based on utopian ideals and real estate interests, Lucio Costa's superblock proposal presents its adaptable morphology, concluding that the implementation of Lucio Costa's proposal could possibly have provided substantial positive results to Alagados.

Resumen: El enfoque del plan de desarrollo urbano del arquitecto brasileño Lucio Costa para el vecindario de Alagados (1972) enfatiza la dimensión de la vivienda social en su planificación urbana, destacando las incorporaciones llevadas a cabo en respuesta a las revisiones del movimiento moderno. El estudio contextualiza los enfoques revisionistas en los planes urbanos, centrándose en los grupos de viviendas en los superbloques y su relación con las instalaciones públicas, lo que resalta el paradigma orgánico, con el objetivo de flexibilidad en la planificación urbana. Se adopta un enfoque que incluye una teoría de historiografía y diseño arquitectónica específica, revisando la propuesta de Lucio Costa a través del análisis de documentos, planes y trabajos. Dado el desacuerdo entre la política de vivienda social basada en ideales utópicos e intereses inmobiliarios, la propuesta de superbloque de Lucio Costa presenta su morfología adaptable, concluyendo que posiblemente la implementación de la propuesta de Lucio Costa podría haber proporcionado resultados positivos sustanciales a los Alagados.

ABSTRACT The mangroves are exposed to threats such as sea level rise, coastal erosion, increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme events, in addition to socioeconomic pressures. This study aimed to carry out a vulnerability and risk climate analysis for the Colombian mangrove socioecosystem. 22 threat indicators, eight of sensitivity and 18 of adaptive capacity were used, and through multivariate numerical analysis, the vulnerability and climate risk indices for Colombian Pacific and Caribbean mangroves were generated. The mangroves that presented the highest risk in the Caribbean were located in the Manaure, Tubará and, Puerto Escondido municipalities, while in the Pacific these high-risk areas were located on the southern coast in the Olaya Herrera, Francisco Pizarro, and La Tola municipalities, and in the northern coast in the Bahía Solano municipality. The threat indicators that captured the greatest variability in the analysis were: sea level rise, change in the coastline, change in water supply, change in mangrove coverage due to change in the coastline, change in temperature and precipitation due to El Niño and La Niña, and human footprint. These results are input for climate management of mangroves in Colombia and will contribute to the National Mangrove Program. Likewise, it can contribute to the National Mangrove Restoration Plan, the Nationally Determined Contribution of Colombia (NDC), the Long-Term Climate Strategy of Colombia E 2050, and the Territorial Plans for Climate Change Adaptation of the states and municipalities.

RESUMEN Los manglares están expuestos a amenazas como el aumento del nivel del mar, la erosión costera, el aumento de la frecuencia e intensidad de eventos extremos, además de presiones socioeconómicas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático para el socioecosistema de manglar de Colombia. Se utilizaron 22 indicadores de amenaza, 8 de sensibilidad y 18 de capacidad adaptativa; mediante un análisis numérico multivariado se generaron los índices de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático para los manglares del Pacífico y del Caribe de Colombia. Los manglares que presentaron mayor riesgo en el Caribe se ubicaron en los municipios de Manaure, Tubará y Puerto Escondido, mientras que en el Pacífico estas áreas de alto riesgo se ubicaron en la costa sur, en los municipios de Olaya Herrera, Francisco Pizarro y La Tola, y en la costa norte de Bahía Solano. Los indicadores de amenaza que capturaron la mayor variabilidad del análisis fueron: el aumento del nivel del mar, el cambio en la línea de costa, el cambio en la oferta hídrica, el cambio en la cobertura de manglares por cambio en la línea de costa, el cambio en la temperatura y la precipitación debido a El Niño y La Niña, y la huella humana. Estos resultados son un insumo para la gestión climática de los manglares en Colombia y contribuirán al Programa Nacional de Manglares. Asimismo, podrán contribuir al Plan Nacional de Restauración de Manglares, la Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Colombia (NDC), la Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo de Colombia E2050, y los Planes Territoriales de Adaptación al Cambio Climático de los departamentos y municipios.

RESUMEN En el 2024, la mayor parte de la población peruana no cuenta con conductas a favor del cuidado del medioambiente, lo que disminuye la posibilidad de lograr un desarrollo sostenible, el cual se caracteriza principalmente por implementar acciones que contribuyan al uso racional de los recursos naturales y minimizar los efectos de la contaminación, entre otros. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia de la gestión ambiental regional en la conducta ecológica ciudadana en el departamento de Tacna. Se consideró una muestra de 384 ciudadanos, con edades entre 15 y 64 años que residen en el departamento de Tacna, empleando un muestreo no probabilístico estratificado, distribuidos por provincia, de la siguiente manera: Tacna (357), Jorge Basadre (9), Candarave (10) y Tarata (8). Se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta, a través de la aplicación de dos cuestionarios: gestión ambiental regional (16 ítems) y conducta ecológica ciudadana (24 ítems). Los hallazgos de la presente investigación indican que la conducta ecológica de la población se ve impactada por la implementación de actividades que conforman la gestión ambiental impulsada por el Gobierno Regional de Tacna. Además, cada una de las dimensiones (planes y políticas regionales, sistema regional ambiental, política regional ambiental y comisiones ambientales regionales) tiene influencia sobre la variable conducta ecológica ciudadana.

ABSTRACT In 2024, most of the population does not have behaviors in favor of caring for the environment, which reduces the possibility of achieving sustainable development, which is mainly characterized by implementing actions that contribute to the rational use of natural resources and minimize the effects of pollution, among others. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of regional environmental management on citizen ecological behavior in the department of Tacna. A sample of 384 citizens was considered, aged between 15 and 64 years who reside in the department of Tacna, using a stratified non-probabilistic sampling, distributed by province as follows: Tacna (357), Jorge Basadre (9), Candarave (10) and Tarata (8). The survey technique was used, through the application of two questionnaires: regional environmental management (16 items) and ecological citizen behavior (24 items). The findings of this research indicate that the ecological behavior of populationis impacted by the implementation of activities that make up the environmental management promoted by the Regional Government of Tacna, in addition to each of the dimensions (regional plans and policies, regional system environmental, regional environmental policy and regional environmental commissions) have influence on the variable ecological citizen behavior.

Resumen Los planes de ordenamiento social de la propiedad rural (POSPR) en Colombia permitirían la implementación de la reforma rural integral (RRI), componente esencial del Acuerdo de Paz. De manera puntual, se argumenta que el diseño institucional del POSPR de Ovejas, municipio del Departamento de Sucre, posibilitaría la ejecución de la RRI. La información de entrevistas a actores clave, la revisión de legislación nacional y la elaboración de matrices en un software muestran que, en esta localidad, los planes de incorporación de hectáreas al Fondo de Tierras y de entrega de títulos de propiedad fortalecen la participación comunitaria con equidad de género y garantiza el ordenamiento del territorio. No obstante, la suspensión paulatina a escala nacional de estos planes ha detenido el avance de la reforma rural. Ovejas sería el único municipio que estaría cumpliendo con este punto del Acuerdo de Paz.

Abstract The Plans for the Social Organization of Rural Property (POSPR) in Colombia would allow the implementation of the Integral Rural Reform (RRI), an essential component of the Peace Agreements. Specifically, POSPR’s institutional design in Ovejas (a municipality in the Department of Sucre) would enable the implementation of the RRI. Information from interviews with key actors, the review of national legislation, and the use of software to elaborate databases show that, in this locality, plans to incorporate hectares into the Land Fund and the delivery of land titles strengthen community participation with gender equity and guarantee territorial planning. However, the gradual suspension of these plans at the national level has halted the progress of rural reform. Ovejas would be the only municipality complying with this point of the Peace Agreements.

Research that directs the way stakeholders act and how they collaborate is essential when addressing complex environmental challenges in the field of sustainability science. For example, researchers attempting to manage Prosopis invasions through biological control in South Africa have historically faced challenges from stakeholders. In this study we illustrate the importance of stakeholder engagement and social learning by outlining the collaborative efforts of various stakeholders to promote effective, integrative and sustainable management of Prosopis invasions in the Northern Cape, South Africa. Through a community of practice approach, stakeholders worked together over the past half-decade in an attempt to develop a National Strategy for Prosopis management and improve its control. This strategy aimed not only to emphasise the need for integration of biomass use (aimed at offsetting the costs of mechanical clearing and necessary herbicide use) but also to underscore the significance of biocontrol alongside other management approaches. Stakeholders also identified that adequate farm-scale planning is necessary to provide a sense of purpose and assist in monitoring of progress. We worked alongside land managers and experts to develop such plans. The engagement of local champions played a crucial role in facilitating collaboration and learning among stakeholders, emphasising the significance of inclusive approaches in addressing complex sustainability challenges. In addition, we gained an understanding of how to develop the community of practice to enhance collaboration that ensures the implementation of plans to better manage Prosopis. Our findings underscore the necessity of meaningful stakeholder engagement and collaboration in effective invasive species management. By promoting understanding and involvement of diverse stakeholders, initiatives can have a greater impact in addressing broader sustainability issues. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings highlight the fundamental role of stakeholder collaboration in addressing environmental challenges (e.g. biological invasions), promoting sustainability and fostering social learning. Collaboration facilitates exchange of knowledge, promotes social learning and allows stakeholders to make informed decisions when addressing sustainability issues. Collaborative approaches promote the effectiveness of a community of practice in managing Prosopis invasions in South Africa. Local champions played a pivotal role in facilitating collaboration, bridging communication gaps and promoting inclusive approaches. Sustained stakeholder engagement, transdisciplinary collaborations, effective biological control and market development for biomass products will be essential to improve the sustainable management Prosopis.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between bone mineral density, vitamin D level, and sleep quality in female patients with osteoporosis. METHODS: This descriptive correlational study included a total of 318 women diagnosed with osteoporosis. The data were collected using a patient identification form, including items for the plasma vitamin D level and bone mineral density score obtained by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 56.49±5.68 years, and their femoral neck T mean score, an indicator of bone mineral density, was −2.94±0.31. Only 6.3% of the women had adequate vitamin D levels. In addition, according to their Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, 85.8% of the women had poor sleep quality. In the study, no significant difference was found between the women's bone mineral densities and vitamin D levels according to sleep quality (p>0.05). However, there was a weak negative correlation between the duration of osteoporosis, body mass index, and sleep quality (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no association between the vitamin D level, bone mineral density, and sleep quality, but the duration of osteoporosis was negatively associated with sleep quality. Accordingly, it may be recommended to provide education and counseling to postmenopausal women diagnosed with osteoporosis on issues such as sunbathing, vitamin D and calcium preparation intake, weight control, and non-pharmacological treatment approaches by making necessary individual-specific plans to improve sleep quality. OBJECTIVE METHODS 31 form dualenergy dual energy Xray X ray method RESULTS 5649568 56 49 5 68 56.49±5.6 years 294031 2 94 0 −2.94±0.31 63 6 3 6.3 addition scores 858 85 8 85.8 womens s p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 . 05 (p>0.05) However index p<0.05. p<0.05 (p<0.05) CONCLUSION Accordingly sunbathing intake control nonpharmacological non pharmacological individualspecific individual specific 564956 4 56.49±5. 29403 9 −2.94±0.3 6. 85. p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p<0.0 (p<0.05 56495 56.49±5 2940 −2.94±0. p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 5649 56.49± 294 −2.94±0 p>0 (p>0. p<0 (p<0. 564 56.49 29 −2.94± p> (p>0 p< (p<0 56.4 −2.94 (p> (p< 56. −2.9 (p −2. −2 −

Abstract Introduction: Nursing, as a science and discipline, faces the challenge of missed care and omissions that affect the safety and quality of care. Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence related to missed care in nursing, highlighting its impact on safety and quality of care. Methodology: A systematic review of articles was conducted between 2018 and 2023, with a descriptive design, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flowchart. The study was conducted between September and December 2023, collecting articles related to lost care in nursing from open-access indexed journals in the following repositories: Scielo, Redalyc, PubMed, Wos, Scopus, and CINAHL. Selection and exclusion criteria were applied, and original qualitative and quantitative articles were chosen with a maximum validity of 6 years. The review focused on literature in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Ethical standards were rigorously respected, guaranteeing confidentiality and treating sensitive information ethically. Results: 7 articles were included, which revealed disparities in lost care between public and private hospitals, highlighting the gap in resources, in addition to emphasizing the relationship between lost care and professional burnout, omissions in primary nursing care such as handwashing, along with the importance of planning care through the nursing process, to ensure compliance and recording of this care. Conclusion s: Strategies such as humanizing care, developing plans for resource scarcity, and maintaining an adequate nurse-patient relationship are essential to address the issue of lost care.

Resumen Introducción: la enfermería, como ciencia y disciplina, se enfrenta al desafío de los cuidados perdidos y omisiones que afectan la seguridad y calidad de la atención. Objetivo: analizar las evidencias científicas relacionadas con los cuidados perdidos en enfermería, destacando su impacto en la seguridad y calidad asistencial. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos entre 2018-2023, con diseño descriptivo, siguiendo el flujograma Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). El estudio se llevó a cabo entre septiembre y diciembre de 2023, recopilando artículos de revistas indexadas de acceso abierto en; Scielo, Redalyc, PubMed, Wos, Scopus y CINAHL, relacionados con los cuidados perdidos en enfermería. Se aplicaron criterios de selección y exclusión, eligiendo artículos originales cualitativos y cuantitativos con una vigencia máxima de 6 años. La revisión se centró en literatura en inglés, español y portugués. Se respetaron rigurosamente las normas éticas, garantizando la confidencialidad y tratando éticamente la información sensible. Resultados: se incluyeron 7 artículos, los que revelaron disparidades en el cuidado perdido entre hospitales públicos y privados, resaltando la brecha en recursos, además de enfatizar en la relación entre el cuidado perdido y el agotamiento profesional, omisiones en cuidados básicos de enfermería como el lavado de manos, junto con la importancia de planificar el cuidado mediante el proceso de enfermería, a fin de garantizar su complimiento y registro de este cuidado. Conclusiones: estrategias como la humanización de la atención, desarrollo de planes ante escasez de recursos y mantener una adecuada relación enfermero-paciente, son esenciales para enfrentar los inconvenientes que representan los cuidados perdidos.

Abstract Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have made it possible to analyze large databases and subsequently apply this knowledge to solve practical clinical problems. Objectives Compare the perception of the application of AI in otorhinolaryngology, in Portugal, between the general population and healthcare professionals. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using an anonymous, self-completed online questionnaire. The questionnaire analyzed aspects related to the areas of application of AI, namely diagnosis, clinical decision-making, surgical procedures and monitoring of chronic diseases. Of the 770 adult participants (aged 18 years or over), 249 were excluded for submitting questionnaires with incomplete information, with a total of 521 selected. Results Of the participants, 60.8% were female (60.8%), 66.8% were between 26 and 57 years old and 46.4% were healthcare professionals. Women more often preferred a human being to monitor chronic diseases (p = 0.024) and to perform low-life-threatening surgery (p = 0.003). Participants from younger (18-25 years) and older (>67 years) age groups preferred humans to perform clinical assessment of signs and symptoms (p = 0.000), treatment decision-making (p = 0.011) and creation of rehabilitation plans (p = 0.009). Healthcare professionals more often preferred humans to perform treatment monitoring (p = 0.000) or life-threatening surgeries (p = 0.004), compared to the general population. Conclusions This study suggests that there are significant differences in the perception of AI application depending on gender, age, and the general population versus healthcare professionals.

Resumo Introdução As tecnologias de Inteligência Artificial (IA) têm sido capazes de analisar bases de dados de grandes dimensões e posteriormente aplicar esse conhecimento na resolução de problemas clínicos práticos. Objetivos Comparar a perceção da aplicação de AI na otorrinolaringologia, em Portugal, entre a população geral e os profissionais de saúde. Material e Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal com recurso a um questionário on-line anónimo e de auto-preenchimento. O questionário analisou aspetos relacionados com as áreas de aplicação da IA, nomeadamente diagnóstico, tomada de decisão clínica, procedimentos cirúrgicos e monitorização de doenças crónicas. Dos 770 participantes adultos (idade igual ou superior a 18 anos), foram excluídos 249 por apresentarem questionários com informações incompletas, sendo selecionados um total de 521. Resultados Dos participantes, 60.8% eram do sexo feminino (60,8%), 66.8% tinham entre 26 e 57 anos e 46.4% eram profissionais de saúde. As mulheres preferiram mais frequentemente um ser humano a realizar a monitorização de doenças crónicas (p = 0.024) e cirurgia com baixo risco de vida (p = 0.003). Os elementos de grupos etários mais jovens (18-25 anos) e mais velhos (>67 anos) preferiram humanos a realizarem a avaliação clínica de sinais e sintomas (p = 0.000), a tomada de decisão terapêutica (p = 0.011) e a criação de planos de reabilitação (p = 0.009). Os profissionais de saúde preferiram mais frequentemente humanos a realizar o seguimento de um tratamento (p = 0.000) ou cirurgias com risco de vida (p = 0.004), em comparação com a população geral. Conclusões Este estudo sugere que existem diferenças significativas na percepção da aplicação de IA, dependendo do sexo, da idade e da população em geral versus profissionais de saúde.

Resumen La transición de lo rural a lo semiurbano en Yucatán ocurre principalmente en las cabeceras municipales, y trae consigo problemas de gestión de los residuos. Las autoridades municipales son las encargadas del Manejo Integral de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (MIRSU); pero en últimos años, la asociación entre el sector público y el privado para la gestión de los residuos resulta una estrategia eficaz. Existen pocos estudios sobre el MIRSU en zonas rurales o semiurbanas y la disposición a pagar de los usuarios, información que ayudaría a los creadores de política pública a diseñar planes y programas adecuados para su gestión. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar los factores socioeconómicos asociados a la disposición a pagar por el MIRSU de los usuarios de municipios semiurbanos de Yucatán. Se realizaron 1,144 encuestas en 6 localidades semiurbanas de Yucatán, los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial con un modelo econométrico de regresión Tobit. El 69,75% de los usuarios encuestados declararon estar dispuestos a pagar por el manejo integral de los residuos sólidos un monto promedio de 17,65 pesos mexicanos (0,85 dólares estadounidenses). La disposición a pagar disminuye cuando predomina el idioma maya, y mientras menos activos físicos y habitaciones tenga el hogar. Existen elementos culturales y sociales arraigados en la recolección de residuos sólidos, este sistema integral puede ir acompañado de otro tipo de incentivos económicos para modificar el comportamiento de los consumidores hacia algo más beneficioso para el medio ambiente, tal como el ingreso familiar.

Abstract In Yucatan, the transition from rural to semi-urban communities has occurred mainly in the municipality seats; this transition comes with the problems of waste management. The municipalities oversee the Integral Urban Solid Waste Management (IUSWM); but in recent years, the public-private partnership for waste management has proved to be an effective strategy. There are few studies on the IUSWM in rural or semi-urban areas and the users’ willingness to pay, information that would help public policymakers to design adequate plans and programs for its management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with the willingness to pay for the IUSWM of users in semi-urban municipalities of Yucatan. A total of 1,144 interviews were conducted in 6 semi-urban localities in Yucatan, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with a Tobit regression econometric model. 69.75% of the surveyed users declared that they were willing to pay an average of 17.65 Mexican pesos (0.85 U.S. dollars) for the integral urban solid waste management. The willingness to pay decreases when the Mayan language predominates among the member of the household, and when they have fewer tangible assets and rooms. There are cultural and social factors rooted in solid waste collection, this integrated system may be accompanied by other types of economic incentives to modify consumers’ behavior towards something more beneficial for the environment, such as the homes’ income.

Resumen Los efectos del estrés laboral están asociados con las horas de trabajo y las actividades mentales, como pensar y tomar decisiones, necesarias para la preparación y cualificación de tareas. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la carga mental percibida en dos instituciones educativas con similitudes socioeconómicas, geográfica y planes educativos similares de la ciudad de Ibagué en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Se optó por una metodología cuantitativa no experimental de tipo transversal descriptivo, utilizando el NASA TLX para medir la carga mental, sometiendo los datos a un análisis estadístico no paramétrico de varianzas ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba DSCF para comparaciones post hoc. Los resultados revelaron que las diferencias en la carga de trabajo percibida están más relacionadas con el contexto institucional que con factores individuales como la edad, el género o la asignación académica que imparten los docentes. Esto sugiere que las características internas de las instituciones educativas y las habilidades de afrontamiento utilizadas por los docentes son cruciales para comprender y gestionar adecuadamente la carga mental percibida. Estos hallazgos enmarcan la importancia de adaptar las estrategias de gestión de la carga mental a las particularidades de cada institución educativa para mejorar la calidad de vida laboral de los profesionales y, en última instancia, la calidad de la educación que ofrecen.

Abstract The effects of work stress are associated with work hours and mental activities, such as thinking and decision making, necessary for the preparation and qualification of tasks. The objective of the study was to analyze the perceived mental load in two educational institutions with socioeconomic and geographic similarities and similar educational plans in the city of Ibagué in the department of Tolima, Colombia. A descriptive cross-sectional non-experimental quantitative methodology was chosen, using the NASA TLX to measure mental load, subjecting the data to a non-parametric statistical analysis of variances ANOVA by Kruskal-Wallis and the DSCF test for post hoc comparisons. The results revealed that differences in perceived workload are more related to the institutional context than to individual factors such as age, gender, or the academic assignment taught by teachers. This suggests that the internal characteristics of educational institutions and the coping skills used by teachers are crucial to adequately understand and manage perceived mental load. These findings frame the importance of adapting mental load management strategies to the particularities of each educational institution to improve the quality of work life of professionals and, ultimately, the quality of the education they offer.

Abstract This study addresses the problem of cognitive injustice that persists in Mexico, despite the mechanisms proposed to guarantee the rights of indigenous peoples. Given that higher education is fundamental for the generation and transmission of knowledge, theoreticalnarrative research was carried out to examine how this problem is manifested from the discourse of people from indigenous peoples immersed in the educational system. The theoretical framework proposes solutions based on concepts such as inclusion and university autonomy. The results indicate that the participants understand the problem from perspectives more relevant to their context, referring to historical errors of the colonial era, and offer measures so that the school reflects the social system. It is found that one of the manifestations of cognitive injustice is in official curricular designs, given the close relationship between culture, language and knowledge. Together with the participants, the limited participation of indigenous peoples in the development of academic plans and programs is questioned.

Resumen Este estudio aborda el problema de la injusticia cognitiva que persiste en México, a pesar de los mecanismos propuestos para garantizar los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Dado que la educación superior es fundamental para la generación y transmisión del conocimiento, se realizó una investigación teórico-narrativa para examinar cómo se manifiesta esta problemática desde el discurso de personas de pueblos originarios inmersas en el sistema educativo. El marco teórico propone soluciones basadas en conceptos como inclusión y autonomía universitaria. Los resultados indican que los participantes entienden el problema desde perspectivas más pertinentes a su contexto, remitiendo a errores históricos de la época colonial, y ofrecen medidas para que la escuela refleje el sistema social. Se encuentra que una de las manifestaciones de la injusticia cognitiva está en los diseños curriculares oficiales, dada la estrecha relación entre cultura, lengua y conocimientos. Junto a los participantes, se cuestiona la limitada participación de los pueblos originarios en la elaboración de planes y programas académicos.

Abstract Recent historiographical research has posed the question about the “productive dimension of power” and the construction of consensus among the population during the last Argentine civic-military dictatorship (1976-1983). This article extends that question to the Malvinas war, fought between Argentina and Great Britain in 1982. Based on the study of documents declassified in 2015 and kept in the Department of Naval Historical Studies, the article analyzes the social communication and the psychological campaign that the Argentine Navy projected during those days to model celebratory attitudes and feelings towards the Army and to underpin the military operations of the dictatorship in the South Atlantic, and the consequently expected (and frustrated) diplomatic negotiations.

Resumen En los últimos años, un conjunto de investigaciones historiográficas inauguró la pregunta por “la dimensión productiva del poder” y por la construcción de consenso entre la población durante la última dictadura cívico-militar argentina (1976-1983). En este artículo se extienden esas preguntas a la guerra de Malvinas, librada entre Argentina y Gran Bretaña en 1982, con un inmenso apoyo de la sociedad civil. A partir del estudio de documentos desclasificados en 2015 y resguardados en el Departamento de Estudios Históricos Navales, el trabajo analiza las pautas de comunicación social y la campaña de acción psicológica que la Armada Argentina proyectó en esos días para modelar actitudes y movilizar sentimientos que, además de celebrar la razón de ser de la Marina entre distintos públicos nacionales y extranjeros, apuntalaran las operaciones militares de la dictadura en el Atlántico Sur y la consecuentemente esperada (y frustrada) negociación diplomática.

Resumo Nos últimos anos, um conjunto de pesquisas historiográficas abriu a questão da "dimensão produtiva do poder" e da construção de consenso entre a população durante a última ditadura civil-militar da Argentina (1976-1983). Este artigo estende essas questões à Guerra das Malvinas, travada entre a Argentina e a Grã-Bretanha em 1982, com imenso apoio da sociedade civil. Com base no estudo de documentos desclassificados em 2015 e mantidos no Departamento de Estudos Históricos Navais, o artigo analisa os padrões de comunicação social e a campanha de ação psicológica que a Marinha Argentina planejou naqueles dias para moldar atitudes e mobilizar sentimentos que, além de celebrar a razão de ser da Marinha entre diferentes públicos nacionais e estrangeiros, apoiariam as operações militares da ditadura no Atlântico Sul e a negociação diplomática consequentemente esperada (e frustrada).

RESUMEN Introducción: El trabajo en la industria de la construcción se considera precario, deficiente en medidas preventivas y con altas tasas de accidentes y enfermedades laborales; de tal modo que esta actividad es calificada por instituciones e investigadores como un trabajo peligroso. Objetivos: Estudiar el proceso laboral del montaje de estructuras metálicas por medio de una metodología cualitativa, para conocer los riesgos y exigencias existentes en las tareas y estructurar las medidas preventivas conducentes. Métodos: Para realizar esta investigación se utilizaron la Cédula de Información General de la Empresa y llos Diagramas Complejos de Salud en el Trabajo, que forman parte de la metodología llamada Modelo PROVERIFICA para la Verificación, Diagnóstico y Vigilancia de la Salud Laboral en las Empresas. Resultados: Se detectó una amplia gama de riesgos y exigencias en el montaje de estructuras metálicas: polvos de la construcción; radiaciones y humos de la soldadura eléctrica; posiciones incómodas y esfuerzo físico intenso; jornadas de trabajo intensivas y extensivas; y, sobre todo, la posibilidad de sufrir accidentes de trabajo en las maniobras de montaje y al trabajo en alturas. Conclusión: Los trabajadores son la parte fundamental de las empresas, por lo cual se deben efectuar las acciones necesarias para mantener un medio ambiente de trabajo exento de riesgos y exigencias que puedan dañar su salud. Así, es prioritario contar con estadísticas confiables, planes y programas de capacitación de carácter preventivo y estudios periódicos de salud laboral en las empresas, entre otras medidas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The construction industry is considered dangerous, deficient in preventive measures, and one that has high rates of accidents and occupational illnesses, such that jobs in this industry are classified by institutions and researchers as «dangerous jobs». Objectives: To study, by means of a qualitative methodology, the workplace process of assembling metallic structures, to learn what the existing risks and demands of the tasks in this job are, in order to structure appropriate preventive measures. Methods: To carry out this study, the General Company Information Certificate and Complex Occupational Health Diagrams were used, which are part of the methodology called the PROVERIFICA Model for the Verification, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Occupational Health in Businesses. Results: A wide range of risks and requirements were detected in the assembly of metal structures: construction dust, radiation and fumes from electric welding, uncomfortable positions and intense physical exertion, intensive and long workdays, and above all, the potential for workplace accidents during assembly maneuvers, due to working at height. Conclusion: Workers are the fundamental component of businesses, which is why the necessary actions must be taken to maintain a work environment free of risks and demands that could harm their health. Thus, it is a priority to collect reliable statistics, implement preventive training plans and programs, and conduct periodic occupational health studies in businesses, among other measures.

ABSTRACT This research addresses the conception of integrative evaluations in high school teacher training as a way to improve the evaluation process. The objective was defined to conceive alternatives that contribute to the implementation of integrative evaluation with a professional pedagogical approach that would contribute to the fulfillment of the general objective, the skills and the objectives declared in the Graduate Profile in the third and fourth years of the specialties Primary Education English Teacher and Basic Secondary Teacher English Specialty. To this end, a procedure was proposed for the design and implementation of integrative evaluations that are included in the new study plans of both specialties. The results obtained allowed us to update the conception of integrative evaluations for the training of English teachers for the 21st century in teacher training colleges. In addition, it was shown greater coherence between the subject programs and the professional workshops subject to integration. Therefore, three integrative evaluations were proposed to be applied in the third year and one for the fourth year, which require higher levels of performance, besides contributing to the pedagogical professional approach in the training of Primary and Basic Secondary teachers of English.

RESUMEN La presente investigación aborda la concepción de las evaluaciones integradoras en la formación docente de nivel Medio Superior como vía de perfeccionamiento del proceso evaluativo. Se definió como objetivo concebir alternativas que contribuyan a la implementación de la evaluación integradora con un enfoque profesional pedagógico para el cumplimiento de los planes de estudio de las especialidades Maestro de Inglés de Educación Primaria y Profesor de Secundaria Básica Especialidad Inglés. Se plantea un procedimiento para el diseño y la implementación de las evaluaciones integradoras que se incluyen en los nuevos planes de estudio de ambas especialidades. Los resultados obtenidos permiten actualizar la concepción de las evaluaciones integradoras para la formación de maestros y profesores de inglés para el siglo XXI en las escuelas pedagógicas; además se muestra una mayor coherencia entre los programas de las asignaturas y los talleres profesionales objeto de integración, y se proponen tres evaluaciones integradoras a aplicar en tercero y una para el cuarto año las que requieren de niveles de desempeño superior durante su formación como maestros o profesores de inglés.