Resumo Este estudo buscou explorar a perspectiva dos docentes de medicina sobre a saúde mental de seus alunos. Este estudo qualitativo baseado em grupo focal faz parte de uma pesquisa longitudinal que estudou a saúde mental de estudantes brasileiros. Um grupo foi conduzido com professores empregados em uma faculdade de medicina. Os temas discutidos abrangeram o conceito de saúde mental e educação médica. Seis professores participaram de um grupo. A saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina é um construto que engloba aspectos emocionais, capacidade de resolução de problemas e múltiplas facetas do ser humano, segundo os participantes. As práticas artísticas, os momentos de socialização e de lazer foram percebidos como estimuladores da boa saúde mental dos estudantes. Exigências excessivas geram competitividade e a expectativa do professor pelo bom desempenho do aluno com base na própria experiência pode prejudicar a saúde mental do aluno. Os participantes destacaram também que é necessária uma reformulação pedagógica que faça sentido para o processo de aprendizagem do aluno para atualizar os currículos tradicionais. A saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina é influenciada pelas experiências e trocas durante o curso de medicina, principalmente entre professor e aluno, entendidas como necessárias e inerentes ao processo de tornar-se médico. Os achados deste estudo mostram a necessidade de mudanças curriculares no processo de formação médica e de atualização da formação docente para boas práticas que reforcem a boa saúde mental.

Resumen Este estudio buscó explorar la perspectiva de los profesores de medicina sobre la salud mental de sus estudiantes. Este estudio cualitativo basado en un grupo focal es parte de una investigación longitudinal que estudió la salud mental de estudiantes brasileños. Un grupo se llevó a cabo con profesores empleados en una escuela de medicina. Los temas tratados abarcaron el concepto de salud mental y educación médica. Seis docentes participaron en un grupo. La salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina es un constructo que abarca aspectos emocionales, capacidad de resolución de problemas y múltiples facetas del ser humano, según los participantes. Las prácticas artísticas, los momentos de socialización y el ocio fueron percibidos como estimulantes de la buena salud mental de los estudiantes. Las exigencias excesivas generan competitividad y la expectativa del docente sobre el buen desempeño del estudiante basándose en su propia experiencia puede perjudicar la salud mental del estudiante. Los participantes también resaltaron que es necesaria una reformulación pedagógica que tenga sentido para el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante para actualizar los currículos tradicionales. La salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina está influenciada por las experiencias y los intercambios durante la carrera de medicina, principalmente entre profesor y estudiante, entendidos como necesarios e inherentes al proceso de convertirse en médico. Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran la necesidad de cambios curriculares en el proceso de formación médica y de actualización de la formación docente hacia buenas prácticas que refuercen la buena salud mental.

Abstract This study sought to explore the perspective of medical faculty on the mental health of their students. This qualitative study based on a focus group is part of a longitudinal research that studied the mental health of Brazilian students. One group was conducted with faculty employed at a medical school. Topics discussed covered the concept of mental health and medical education. Six professors participated in one group. The mental health of medical students is a construct that encompasses emotional aspects, ability to solve problems and multiple facets of a human being, according to the participants. Artistic practices, moments of socialization and leisure were perceived as stimulating students' good mental health. Excessive demands generate competitiveness and the teacher's expectation of the student's good performance based on their own experience can harm the student's mental health. Participants also highlighted that a pedagogical reformulation that makes sense for the student's learning process is necessary to update traditional curricula. Medical students’ mental health is influenced by experiences and exchanges during the medical school, mainly between professor and student, understood as necessary and inherent to the process of becoming physician. The findings of this study show the need for curriculum changes in the medical education process and updating teacher training for good practices that reinforce good mental health.

Resumen (Objetivo) El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la autoeficacia de futuros profesores de Matemáticas de Secundaria al finalizar su formación inicial docente. (Metodología) La muestra fueron 98 futuros profesores de Matemáticas de Secundaria que cursaban el Máster Universitario en Profesor de Educación Secundaria. Los datos fueron sus reflexiones escritas, que se organizaron en unidades de información y se clasificaron atendiendo a las cinco fuentes de autoeficacia que recoge la literatura especializada: conocimiento profesional; práctica de aula; estados fisiológicos, afectivos y motivacionales; cooperación con colegas y padres; y experiencia. Posteriormente, un análisis de contenido permitió identificar tópicos comunes entre ellas. (Resultados) Los resultados evidencian una autoeficacia docente todavía en formación, lejos de la que cabría esperar en docentes que finalizan su periodo de formación inicial. Destaca la necesidad de incrementar la confianza de los futuros docentes en sus habilidades para traducir el conocimiento del contenido en aprendizajes de los alumnos, para implementar diferentes estrategias de enseñanza y, especialmente, de incrementar su confianza en sus habilidades emocionales. (Conclusiones) Los resultados proporcionan una valiosa información a los programas de formación de docentes al indicar el estado en el que se encuentra la autoeficacia docente al finalizar el periodo de formación inicial. Además, se proporciona una herramienta para analizar la autoeficacia docente de futuros profesores de Matemáticas de Secundaria. Todo ello abre futuras líneas de investigación en diversos sentidos.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a autoeficácia de futuros professores de matemática do ensino médio no final de sua formação docente inicial. (Metodologia) A amostra consistiu de 98 futuros professores de matemática do ensino médio que estavam cursando o mestrado em ensino médio. Os dados foram suas reflexões escritas, organizadas emunidades de informação e classificadas de acordó com as cinco fontes de autoeficácia da literatura especializada: conhecimento profissional; prática em sala de aula; estados fisiológicos, afetivos e motivacionais; cooperação com colegas e pais; e experiência. Posteriormente, uma análise de conteúdo nos permitiu identificar tópicos comuns entre elas. (Resultados) Os resultados mostram uma autoeficácia do profesor que ainda está em formação, longe do que seria esperado em professores que estão terminando seu período de formação inicial. Ele destaca a necessidade de aumentar a confiança dos futuros professores em suas habilidades de traduzir o conhecimento do conteúdo em aprendizado do aluno, de implementar diferentes estratégias de ensino e, principalmente, de aumentar sua confiança em suas habilidades emocionais. (Conclusões) Os resultados fornecem informações valiosas para os programas de formação de professores, indicando o estado de autoeficácia do professor no final do período de formação docente inicial. Além disso, é fornecida uma ferramenta para analisar a autoeficácia dos futuros professores de matemática do ensino médio. Isso abre linhas futuras de pesquisa em várias direções.

Abstract (Objective) The aim of this paper is to analyze the self efficacy of prospective Secondary School Mathematics Teachers at the end of their initial teacher training. (Methodology) The sample was 98 prospective Secondary School Mathematics Teachers who were studying in a University Master’s program for Secondary Education Teachers. The data were their written reflections, which were organized into information units and classified according to the five sources of self efficacy collected from specialized literature: professional knowledge; classroom practice; physiological, affective and motivational states; cooperation with colleagues and parents; and experience. Subsequently, a contentanalysis made it possible to identify common topics among them. (Results) The results showed that a teacher’s self-efficacy was still in the process of development, far from what might be expected in teachers completing their initial training period. The need to increase the confidence of prospective teachers in their skills to translate knowledge of content into student learning, to implement different teaching strategies and, especially, to increase their confidence in their emotional skills is highlighted. (Conclusions) The results provide valuable information for teacher education programs by indicating the state of teacher self-efficacy at the end of the initial training period. In addition, a tool is provided to analyze the teaching self-efficacy of prospective Secondary Mathematics teachers. All this opens up future lines of research in various areas.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between usability and satisfaction in university students using ChatGPT. Since its launch, the use of ChatGPT by university students has increased significantly in most universities around the world. This software can generate answers to any type of question, emulating the experience of interacting with a real person. A survey with Likert-type questions is applied to 250 university students and a covariance-based structural equation model is constructed. The results show and adjusted model with factor loadings and an acceptable Cronbach's Alpha (usability α=0.80 and satisfaction α=0.85), CFI=0.921 and RMSA=0.0112. The p-value of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test is 0.0245. In conclusion, the results of the model allowed accepting the research hypothesis-there is a positive and direct relationship between usability and satisfaction.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre usabilidad y satisfacción en estudiantes universitarios que utilizan ChatGPT. Desde su lanzamiento, el uso de ChatGPT por parte de estudiantes universitarios se ha incrementado notablemente en la mayoría de universidades del mundo. Este software puede generar respuestas a cualquier tipo de pregunta, emulando la experiencia de estar interactuando con una persona real. Se aplica una encuesta con preguntas tipo Likert a 250 estudiantes universitarios y se construye un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales basado en covarianzas. Los resultados muestran un modelo ajustado con cargas factoriales y un Alfa de Cronbach aceptable (usabilidad α=0.80 y satisfacción α=0.85), CFI=0.921 y RMSA=0.0112. El valor p de la prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov es de 0.0245. En conclusión, los resultados del modelo permiten aceptar la hipótesis de investigación, existe una relación positiva y directa entre usabilidad y satisfacción.

Abstract: The present study examines the teaching strategies used by physics professors while providing a guide for students through learning activities that develop thinking skills, knowledge, and attitudes to solve specialty-related problems. A didactic approach is applied to teaching competency-based general physics in engineering within a modular structure. A mixed methodology is employed, with qualitative methods for the case study interpreting professors' discourse regarding classroom pedagogical design and practice, and quantitative methods examining teaching practice and its impact on academic performance. As a result, three main categories are identified: 1) didactic strategies, 2) technological resources, 3) and learning monitoring. It is observed that the teaching model influences student dropout rates and academic success. In conclusion, there is a preference for traditional strategies over constructivist strategies, regardless of the professor's experience level.

Resumen: El presente estudio examina las estrategias de enseñanza utilizadas por los docentes de física y provee una guía al estudiante a través de actividades de aprendizaje que desarrollen habilidades de pensamiento, conocimientos y actitudes para resolver problemas de la especialidad. Se aplica un enfoque didáctico para enseñar por competencias en física general en ingeniería bajo estructura modular. Se utiliza una metodología mixta, cualitativa para el estudio de caso que interpreta el discurso de los docentes en relación con el diseño y la práctica pedagógica de aula y el cuantitativo que examina la práctica docente y su impacto en el rendimiento académico. Como resultado, se identifican tres categorías principales: 1) estrategias didácticas, 2) recursos tecnológicos, y 3) seguimiento del aprendizaje. Se observa que el modelo de enseñanza influye en la tasa de deserción y el éxito académico de los estudiantes. En conclusión, se evidencia una preferencia por estrategias tradicionales sobre las constructivistas, independientemente de la experiencia del docente.

Abstract: This study proposes a model to evaluate the impact of a quality management system on the processes linked to teaching and learning in students recently graduated from the Faculty of Engineering at the Autonomous University of Baja California (Mexico). The perceptions of youth about the influence of processes directly related to their learning are gathered by using an online survey. The survey is evaluated by experts in academic areas and with experience implementing a quality system in the educational field. The sample consists of 82 participants at the end of the 2023-1 cycle. The results highlight a positive influence on student training and reveal areas for improvement to enrich future educational experience. It is concluded that this analysis allows identifying risks in quality management, opening the way to continuous improvement.

Resumen: Este estudio propone un modelo para evaluar el impacto de un sistema de gestión de calidad en los procesos vinculados con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en estudiantes recién egresados de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (México). Se recogen las percepciones de los jóvenes sobre la influencia de los procesos directamente relacionados con su aprendizaje utilizando una encuesta en línea. La encuesta es evaluada por expertos en áreas académicas y con experiencia en implementación de un sistema de calidad en el ámbito educativo. La muestra es de 82 participantes al final del ciclo 2023-1. Los resultados destacan una influencia positiva en la formación estudiantil y señalan áreas de mejora para enriquecer la experiencia educativa futura. Se concluye que este análisis permite identificar riesgos en la gestión de calidad, abriendo camino a la mejora continua.

This work aims to investigate the experiences of Black female undergraduate students at the University of São Paulo (USP) to understand the challenges, achievements, and coping mechanisms related to their integration and persistence in the university. It highlights how their experiences of exclusion and belonging are shaped by the intersection of race, gender, and class. Through interviews conducted with Black female undergraduate students at USP, I seek to understand the adversities these students face in the academic environment, how they navigate these challenges, and how these experiences intersect with other dimensions of their lives, subjectivities, and identities. On one hand, I explore how experiences of racial discrimination, sexism, and other forms of inequality are perceived in their trajectories. On the other hand, I reflect on how participation in identity-based collectives and student organizations influences the construction of the identity and subjectivity of Black women at the university. Additionally, I examine the emotional impact of marginalization and how support networks and representation contribute to the resilience and retention of these students, elucidating the dynamics that influence their academic and personal lives.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as experiências de alunas de graduação negras da Universidade de São Paulo, a fim de compreender os desafios, conquistas e mecanismos de enfrentamento relacionados à sua inserção e permanência na universidade, destacando como suas experiências de exclusão e pertencimento são moldadas pela interseção de raça, gênero e classe. Através de entrevistas realizadas com alunas negras de graduação da USP, procuro entender por quais adversidades as estudantes negras passam no ambiente acadêmico, os modos pelos quais lidam com essas experiências e como elas se articulam com as outras dimensões de suas vidas, com as suas subjetividades e identidades. Exploro, por um lado, como as vivências de discriminação racial, machismo e outras formas de desigualdade são percebidos em suas trajetórias e, por outro, reflito em que medida participação em coletivos identitários e organizações estudantis afetam a construção da identidade e subjetividade das mulheres negras na universidade. Além disso, examino o impacto emocional da marginalização e como as redes de apoio e a representatividade contribuem para a resistência e permanência dessas estudantes, elucidando as dinâmicas que influenciam suas vidas acadêmicas e pessoais.

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the level of anxiety experienced by 1st and 5th-year dental students in Portugal. Methods: The target population was students from Portuguese universities attending the 1st and 5th years of dental school during the academic year 2022/2023. Data were collected using the previously validated Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, available online on the Google Forms platform between February 2023 and June 2023. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 29, using descriptive and inferential analysis methods. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used at a 5% significance level (p<0.05). Results: The sample of 301 students included 146 from the 1st year and 155 from the 5th year, and the majority were Portuguese, female, and in the age groups 17-20 and 21-24. Most of the students had typical levels of anxiety when in the patient’s position, although there were differences between years and age groups (p<0.05). Regarding dental specialties, most students feared Oral Surgery and Endodontics. Conclusions: First-year students were more likely to feel anxiety related to dental treatment when in the patient’s position. This finding may derive from their lack of clinical experience, which could help students overcome previous bad experiences. The patient's interest and knowledge should make it easier to understand the results of the treatments and why they need to be carried out.

Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar o grau de ansiedade sentida pelos estudantes do 1.º e 5.º ano de Medicina Dentária em Portugal, quando colocados na condição de paciente. Métodos: População-alvo constituída por estudantes de universidades portuguesas a frequentarem o 1.º e o 5.º ano de Medicina Dentária no ano letivo 2022/2023. Os dados foram obtidos através do questionário previamente validado Modified Dental Anxiety Scale que esteve disponível na plataforma Google Forms entre fevereiro de 2023 e junho de 2023. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente no programa IBM SPSS Statistics versão 29, através de metodologias de análise descritiva e inferencial. Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis para um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Dos 301 estudantes, 146 do 1.º ano e 155 do 5.º ano, a maioria era de nacionalidade portuguesa, do género feminino e encontrava-se nas faixas etárias dos 17-20 e 21-24 anos. Foram verificadas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre os anos curriculares e as faixas etárias. Quanto à área da Medicina Dentária mais temida pela maioria dos estudantes, a Cirurgia e a Endodontia foram as mais elegidas. Conclusões: Uma razão plausível para a ansiedade relacionada com os tratamentos dentários ser superior nos alunos de 1.º ano quando colocados na condição de paciente poderá ser a ausência de prática clínica que os ajudaria a ultrapassar experiências negativas prévias. O interesse e conhecimento do paciente na área deverá facilitar a compreensão dos resultados dos tratamentos e da razão pela qual têm de ser executados

A constructive learning experience for postgraduate students is important for higher educational institutions, particularly in emerging markets such as South Africa. The context of the student and supervisor relationship, operating in an intensive service delivery system, is also vitally important in this context, in order to secure a positive and successful learning outcome for the student. This study's aim is to evaluate postgraduate students' learning experience in an intensive higher educational service delivery system. It places the student at the center of a service design and relationship marketing approach, and highlights several areas of exploration. The study adopted a qualitative approach. Several online interviews were conducted with masters and doctoral students. The data was collected online and analysed using inductive content analysis. The main results indicate that, overall, the students' experience and emotions were positive, but that the lecturer, as internal stakeholder in the service system, should receive more support. The contributions of this study are in the practical implementation of an improved service design experience, and the elimination of possible service gaps, to secure customer loyalty and effective service delivery.

RESUMEN: La importancia y relevancia de los cursos e-learning en medicina y ciencias de la salud ha aumentado significativamente en la última década. A pesar de ello, existen pocas experiencias docentes publicadas de cursos de histología e-learning en la literatura a nivel mundial. El curso de histología que diseñamos se estructuró en la plataforma Moodle, y los contenidos se propusieron en formato síncrono (zoom) y asíncrono (grabaciones). También incluimos el uso de herramientas gratuitas de microscopía virtual. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el impacto de un curso de histología e-learning en la satisfacción y el rendimiento de los estudiantes de medicina, enfermería y obstetricia. La muestra incluyó 424 estudiantes chilenos de medicina, enfermería y obstetricia de dos cohortes. Se aplicó una encuesta tipo Likert al final del curso. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio y una regresión por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. En este estudio, presentamos una experiencia positiva de un curso de e-learning de histología. El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló tres factores principales relacionados con la "satisfacción sobre el aprendizaje e-learning", "clases presenciales versus clases virtuales" y el "diseño del curso y la calidad de la enseñanza". También encontramos que existía una relación positiva y significativa entre las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre la adaptación del curso de histología tradicional (presencial) a un formato e-learning y su rendimiento académico. Nuestro estudio muestra que los cursos de histología e-learning que integran clases teóricas y sesiones prácticas pueden ser una valiosa herramienta de enseñanza. Los responsables de la elaboración de planes de estudios y los profesores de histología deben tener en cuenta las limitaciones y ventajas de este tipo de enseñanza y sugerimos incorporar estos tres factores al diseño y la evaluación de los cursos de histología en línea.

SUMMARY: The importance and relevance of e-learning courses in medicine and health sciences has increased significantly in the last decade. Despite this, there are few published teaching experiences of e-learning histology courses in the literature worldwide. The histology course we designed was structured on the Moodle platform as a learning management system, and the content was proposed in a synchronous (zoom) and asynchronous (recordings) format. We also included the use of free virtual microscopy tools. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an e-learning histology course on the satisfaction and performance of medical, nursing and midwifery students. The sample included 424 Chilean medical, nursing, and midwifery students from two cohorts. A Likert-type survey was administered at the end of the course. We performed exploratory analysis and ordinary least squares regression. In this study, we present a positive experience of an e-learning histology course. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three main factors related to "e- learning satisfaction", "in-person class activities", and "course design and teaching quality". We also found that there was a positive and significant relationship between students' perceptions of the adaptation of the traditional (face-to-face) histology course into an e-learning format and their academic performance. Our study shows that e-learning histology courses that integrate lectures and practical sessions can be a valuable teaching method for learning histology. Curriculum developers and teachers need to consider the limitations and advantages of this type of teaching and incorporate these three factors into the design and assessment of e-learning histology courses.

INTRODUCTION: Ethical tensions are routinely encountered by occupational therapists and students in fieldwork and may impact patient care and team morale, and lead to practitioner burnout. Ethics education is a means to reduce ethical tensions in fieldwork. Despite this, however, limited research exists regarding ethical tensions and ethics education amongst students in the South African context. METHODS: The study was conducted to explore South African occupational therapy students' reflections on ethical tensions experienced in fieldwork practice. A qualitative, descriptive design was used to review thirty-five ethics reflective journals by fourth-year occupational therapy students at a university in South Africa. Students identified ethical tensions, reflected on these using Sokol's decision-making framework and Kolb's Cycle of Experiential Learning, and incorporated their learning into practice. Data were analysed thematically. Trustworthiness was ensured through triangulation of researchers, multiple data sources, and an audit trail. FINDINGS: Three central themes emerged: (1) Ethics from the perspective of the student, (2) Ethical tensions experienced during fieldwork, and (3) How students navigated ethical tensions. CONCLUSION: This study provides an insight into the ethical tensions and reflections of fourth-year occupational therapy students during fieldwork. Findings inform healthcare educators and clinicians regarding students' perceptions about ethics education and the tensions experienced during fieldwork. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • Students experienced ethical tensions during fieldwork and navigated these ethical tensions by following institutional procedures, acquiring knowledge through research, drawing from the "well" of experience, and reflective practice. • The study offers a narrative for encountering and resolving ethical tension during fieldwork. • The main distinction between the two classifications persists when reviewing the support given to the participant who has been empowered to resolve the ethical tension whilst receiving consultation from their site clinician and the institution. Findings inform healthcare educators and clinicians regarding students' perceptions about ethics education and the tensions experienced during fieldwork.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a global crisis in higher education, where students were required to transition to emergency remote teaching (ERT). This study explored students' experiences of online assessments and feedback during the pandemic to inform future practice. METHODOLOGY: This study utilised a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design with purposeful sampling to describe student's experiences of online assessments. Data were collected from occupational therapy students in 2022. The Assessment Experiences Questionnaire was sent to all eligible participants (n=166). Data were analysed using SPSS version 28. RESULTS: Students reported that 'tackling' assignments made them apply their learning more deeply (79.75%; n=63). More than half of the students learned more from doing assignments than studying course material (61.25%; n=49). Majority of students felt they did not receive timely feedback through online assessments (67.5%, n=54)( which impacted their learning. More than half of the students use feedback in preparation for assignments (56.25%; n=45), hence timely and quality feedback is needed. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapy students had a positive experience of online assessments; however, the transition was challenging. It is recommended for lecturers to consider the challenges of online assessments, the number of assessments and timely feedback for an effective online learning process. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • For online learning to be effective, relevant and timely access to resources and support systems are required. These include internet access, resources like laptops and smartphones which facilitate engagement with remote learning. • The provision of institutional and academic support can positively influence students' experiences of online learning. • Timing and quality of feedback is essential to the online learning experience. Delayed feedback can negatively impact learning, emphasising the importance of timely feedback to aid student growth and improved learning outcomes. • Students' experiences and perceptions of how they receive feedback change over time. Thus, personalised feedback focusing on improvement rather than comparison to peers should be emphasised in the learning environments to which they are exposed. • The importance of effective time management in students is emphasised for online learning and students need to be equipped with these skills for this mode of learning.

Abstract: Initial teacher education aims to teach how to teach. To this end, it has been proposed that programs formally incorporate opportunities for understanding and training in pedagogical practices, both in courses and in the field. This study aims to explore the planning, execution, and contribution to professional training of the incorporation of opportunities for learning pedagogical practice (OLP) in courses offered on the university campus. A descriptive study was conducted in three teacher training programs: pre-school, primary, and secondary education. First, planned OLPs were identified by analysing the syllabus of 72 courses. Then, the perception of executed OLPs was examined by surveying 231 student teachers. Finally, the contribution of OLPs to professional training was investigated by interviewing 8 student teachers. The most planned OLPs by teacher educators were planning learning experiences and simulating what a teacher does during a learning experience. The latter was the most frequently executed OLP by the student teachers, who acknowledged that simulations allow them to: 1) apply the content, 2) learn from mistakes, 3) practice metacognitive monitoring and self-assessment, and 4) approach the complexity of teaching. The findings of this research can be used by training institutions to support the incorporation and design the implementation of OLP teaching from the first year of the training program, with particular emphasis on simulating what a teacher does before and during a learning experience.

Resumen: La formación inicial docente busca enseñar a enseñar. Para ello, se ha propuesto que los programas incorporen formalmente instancias de comprensión y entrenamiento en prácticas pedagógicas, tanto en las asignaturas como en terreno. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la planificación, ejecución y contribución a la formación profesional de la incorporación de oportunidades de aprendizaje de la práctica pedagógica (OAP) en asignaturas impartidas en el campus universitario. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo en tres programas de formación docente: educación de párvulos, básica y media. Primero, se identificaron las OAP planificadas analizando las calendarizaciones de 72 asignaturas. Luego, se examinó la percepción al respecto de las OAP ejecutadas encuestando a 231 docentes en formación. Finalmente, se indagó sobre la contribución de las OAP a la formación profesional entrevistando a 8 docentes en formación. Las OAP más planificadas por los formadores de docentes fueron planificar experiencias de aprendizaje y simular lo que hace un docente durante una experiencia de aprendizaje. Esta última fue la OAP más frecuentemente ejecutada por los docentes en formación, quienes reconocen que las simulaciones les permiten: 1) aplicar los contenidos, 2) aprender de los errores, 3) ejercitar el monitoreo metacognitivo y la autoevaluación y 4) aproximarse a la complejidad de la enseñanza. Los hallazgos de esta investigación pueden ser utilizados por las instituciones formadoras para fundamentar la incorporación y diseñar la implementación de la enseñanza de las OAP desde el primer año del trayecto formativo, haciendo un énfasis particular en la simulación de lo que hace un docente antes y durante una experiencia de aprendizaje.

Resumen: Las clases de Geometría son complicadas de entender para los estudiantes porque es difícil imaginarse las formas de las figuras que se estudian y sus características. En esta investigación, se diseñaron clases basadas en el constructivismo, que fueron aplicadas a estudiantes de una carrera de educación. El objetivo fue validar esta propuesta de clases, que hacen énfasis en la participación activa del estudiante en su formación, donde se proponen actividades que incentivan el aprendizaje mediante el uso de materiales manipulables, software educativo y aplicaciones de la geometría a la vida cotidiana. La investigación fue un estudio de caso que tuvo un enfoque cualitativo. Se diseñaron 4 clases y se intervino a un grupo de 40 estudiantes de una carrera de educación y mediante un grupo focal se reflexionó sobre su experiencia con la propuesta. Como resultado, los estudiantes mencionaron que les motivó trabajar con métodos activos y en colaboración con sus compañeros; que la manipulación de recursos didácticos concretos y virtuales les facilita la comprensión de temas que usualmente son complejos. En conclusión, el desarrollo de clases constructivistas plantea al docente el uso de nuevas metodologías y recursos educativos, que incentiven a los estudiantes a lograr aprendizajes significativos y duraderos.

Abstract: Geometry classes are always complicated for students to understand, because it is difficult to imagine the shapes of the figures being studied and their characteristics. In this research, classes based on constructivism were designed, which were then applied to students of an education career, the objective was to validate this proposal for classes that emphasize the active participation of the student in their training, where activities are proposed that encourage learning through the use of manipulatives, educational software and applications of geometry to everyday life. The research is a case study that had a qualitative approach, 4 classes were designed and a group of 40 students from an education degree were interviewed, then, using the focus group technique, they reflected on their experience with the new classes. As a result, the students mentioned that they are motivated to work with active methods and in collaboration with their classmates, that the manipulation of concrete and virtual teaching resources makes it easier for them to understand topics that are usually complex. In conclusion, the development of constructivist classes proposes to the teacher the use of new methodologies and educational resources, which motivate and encourage students to achieve significant and lasting learning.

ABSTRACT International Academic Missions (MAI) are framed as academic mobility within the framework of the internationalization process carried out in Higher Education Institutions. The objective of this work is to know the perception of the participants of a private university in Paraguay regarding their experience in the International Academic Mission carried out in the city of Corrientes-Argentina, 2023. The work presented a quantitative, design approach non-experimental cross-sectional and descriptive scope. The analyzed population consisted of 37 people as well as the sample. The inclusion criteria were having participated in the MAI experience, belonging to the Marketing and Advertising, Business Administration and Commercial Engineering majors of the university analyzed and agreeing to complete the survey. The survey was used as data collection through a 27-question questionnaire sent via WhatsApp in September 2023. The most relevant results are: the Organization dimension (x̄=4.92) and Destination of mobility (x̄=4.91) They had the highest score while the lowest corresponded to the Duration of the experience dimension (x̄=4.41). Likewise, the most notable items were Q11 “Rate the interaction with Paraguayan teachers” and P13 “Rate the interaction with Paraguayan managers”, both with (x̄=4.97). It is worth mentioning that the lowest corresponded to P5 “The 4 (four) days of stay have been sufficient” (x̄=4.03). It is concluded that the participants are very satisfied with the MAI carried out in Corrientes.

RESUMEN Las Misiones Académicas Internacionales (MAI) se enmarcan como movilidad académica en el marco del proceso de internacionalización llevada a cabo en las Instituciones de Educación Superior. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la percepción de los participantes de una universidad privada de Paraguay con respecto a su experiencia en la Misión Académica Internacional llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Corrientes-Argentina, 2023. El trabajo presentó un enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo. La población analizada estuvo constituida por 37 personas como así la muestra. Los criterios de inclusión fueron haber participado de la experiencia MAI, pertenecientes a las carreras de Marketing y Publicidad, Administración de Empresas e Ingeniería Comercial de la universidad analizada y estar de acuerdo en completar la encuesta. Se utilizó la encuesta como recolección de datos mediante un cuestionario de 27 preguntas enviado vía WhatsApp en septiembre de 2023. Los resultados más relevantes son: la dimensión Organización (x̄=4,92) y Destino de la movilidad (x̄=4,91) tuvieron la mayor puntuación mientras que la más baja correspondió a la dimensión Duración de la experiencia (x̄=4,41). Asimismo, los ítems más resaltantes fueron la P11 “Califica la interacción con docentes paraguayos” y P13 “Califica la interacción con gestores paraguayos”, ambos con (x̄=4,97). Cabe mencionar que las más bajas correspondió a la P5 “Los 4 (cuatro) días de estancia han sido suficientes” (x̄=4,03). Se concluye que los participantes se encuentran Muy satisfechos con la MAI realizada a Corrientes.

Abstract This research arises from the Final Graduation Project to opt for the Bachelor's degree in Teaching Social Studies and Civic Education at the University of Costa Rica. This seeks to describe the role of Human Rights Education in the imprisonment experience of ninth-year incarcerated students based on the knowledge of their rights, duties and norms, in the Reynaldo Villalobos Zúñiga Comprehensive Care Unit, in Alajuela, Costa Rica, during the 2021-2022 school year. For this, a qualitative approach of exploratory scope is carried out through the use of the in-depth interview information collection technique, with three students from the Integrated Center for Adult Education (CINDEA), located within the Reynaldo Villalobos Zúñiga penitentiary center. The main results show the positive impact of human rights education for the student deprived of liberty, promoting the development of theoretical and coexistence tools, development of values and attitudes in the search for the defense of their rights, healthy coexistence and skills to reintegration process. It is concluded that the role of the EDH has been notably positive since it promotes a critical position towards respect for rights within the penal center.

Resumen La presente investigación surge a partir del Trabajo Final de Graduación para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en la Enseñanza de los Estudios Sociales y la Educación Cívica en la Universidad de Costa Rica. En este se busca describir el papel de la Educación en Derechos Humanos en la experiencia en reclusión de estudiantes privados de libertad de noveno año, a partir del conocimiento de sus derechos, deberes y normas, en la Unidad de Atención Integral Reynaldo Villalobos Zúñiga, en Alajuela, Costa Rica, durante el ciclo lectivo 2021- 2022. Para esto, se realiza un abordaje desde lo cualitativo de alcance exploratorio mediante la utilización de la técnica de recolección de información de entrevista a profundidad con tres estudiantes del Centro Integrado de Educación para Adultos (CINDEA), ubicado dentro del centro penitenciario Reynaldo Villalobos Zúñiga. Los principales resultados evidencian el impacto positivo de la educación en derechos humanos para el estudiante privado de libertad, al promover el desarrollo de herramientas teóricas y de convivencias, desarrollo de valores y actitudes en la búsqueda de la defensa de sus derechos, convivencia sana y habilidades para proceso de reinserción. Se concluye que el papel de la EDH ha sido positivo de manera notable ya que promueve un posicionamiento crítico hacia el respeto de los derechos dentro del centro penal.