Resumo Introdução. A inserção no mercado de trabalho dos universitários é uma das motivações mais importantes para o ingresso no ensino superior; atualmente, o empreendedorismo é apresentado como uma opção que está se tornando cada vez mais relevante. Objetivo. Identificar e diferenciar a maneira como o perfil empreendedor difere com base em qual grupo populacional o aluno pertence, o que é devido a fatores sociodemográficos. Metodologia. Não experimental, comparativa-transversal, com uma amostra de 250 alunos de universidades públicas e privadas, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário de perguntas através da técnica de survey, nesta linha, para cruzar as informações e constatar as diferenças. Procedeu-se à análise descritiva por meio de tabelas cruzadas e, para verificação das hipóteses, foram utilizados os testes Mann Whitney U e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados. Identificou-se que o único fator com valor significativo é a atividade laboral do aluno (0,027), enquanto os demais aspectos sociodemográficos apresentaram p-valor > 0,05. Conclusão. Não há diferenças significativas no perfil empreendedor em oito dos nove aspectos avaliados. Implicações. O perfil empreendedor estaria condicionado à atual atividade laboral do aluno.

Resumen Introducción. La inserción al mercado laboral del estudiantado universitario es una de las motivaciones más importantes para el seguimiento de los estudios superiores; en la actualidad, el emprendimiento se presenta como una opción que adquiere cada vez mayor relevancia. Objetivo. Identificar y diferenciar la forma en la que el perfil de emprendimiento se diferencia a partir de a qué grupo poblacional pertenece el estudiantado, lo cual radica en razón de factores sociodemográficos. Metodología. No experimental, comparativo-transversal, con una muestra de 250 estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas, a quienes se les administró un cuestionario de preguntas por medio de la técnica de la encuesta, en esa línea, para cruzar la información y notar las diferencias, se procedió con análisis descriptivo mediante tablas cruzadas y, para la comprobación de hipótesis se utilizaron las pruebas U de Mann Whitney y de Kruskal-Wallis. Hallazgos. Se identificó que el único factor con valor significativo es la actividad laboral del estudiantado (0.027), mientras que los demás aspectos sociodemográficos presentaron un p-valor > 0.05. Conclusión. No existe diferencias significativas en el perfil de emprendimiento en ocho de los nueve aspectos evaluados. Implicaciones. El perfil de emprendimiento estaría condicionado por la actividad laboral actual del estudiantado.

Abstract Introduction . The insertion into the labor market of university students is one of the most important motivations for pursuing higher education. At present, entrepreneurship is presented as an option that is becoming increasingly relevant. Objective. Identify and differentiate the way in which the entrepreneurship profile differs based on the population group to which the student belongs, influenced by sociodemographic factors. Methodology. Non-experimental, comparative-transversal, with a sample of 250 students from public and private universities, to whom a questionnaire of questions was administered to the students using the survey technique. To cross-reference the information and note the differences, we conducted a descriptive analysis using cross tables. To verify the hypotheses, the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Findings. It was identified that the only factor with significant value is the student’s work activity (0.027), while the other sociodemographic aspects presented a p-value > 0.05. Conclusion. There are no significant differences in the entrepreneurship profile in eight of the nine aspects evaluated. Implications. The entrepreneurship profile appears to be conditioned by the student’s current work activity.

Abstract Sexual harassment is a daily phenomenon that is currently attracting considerable attention in Ecuador both because of denunciations by the feminist movement and because of its greater visibility in the media. The objective of this article is to identify the subjective perception of Ecuadorian university students about sexual harassment in higher education institutions. Specifically, we are interested in understanding the cultural particularities that may limit the effectiveness of strategies aimed at preventing the problem in this context. To obtain data, we conducted interviews with 63 students between 18 and 23 years of age enrolled in a private university located in Quito. The results obtained show that sexual harassment is perceived to be less present in the university context than in other public spaces. The student body shows a critical attitude regarding the normalization of this problem in the country and the lack of information on sexuality, harassment, and sexual violence. However, they adopt a passive attitude towards it in accordance with the social attitude they observe. In addition, the results indicate that sexual harassment affects women and LGTBI people significantly more.

Resumen El acoso sexual constituye un fenómeno cotidiano que actualmente está acaparando una considerable atención en Ecuador, tanto por la denuncia del movimiento feminista como por su mayor visibilidad a través de los medios de comunicación. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar la percepción subjetiva del estudiantado universitario ecuatoriano sobre el acoso sexual en los centros de educación superior. En específico, nos interesa comprender las particularidades culturales que pueden limitar la eficacia de las estrategias orientadas a la prevención del problema en dicho contexto. Para la obtención de los datos realizamos entrevistas a 63 estudiantes de entre 18 y 23 años con matrícula en una universidad privada ubicada en Quito. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que se percibe menor presencia del acoso sexual en el contexto universitario que en el resto de los espacios públicos. El estudiantado muestra una actitud crítica con respecto a la normalización de este problema en el país y a la falta de información sobre la sexualidad, el acoso y la violencia sexual. Sin embargo, establecen una actitud pasiva frente a ello, en concordancia con la actitud social que observan. Los resultados también sugieren que el acoso sexual afecta significativamente más a las mujeres y a personas LGTBI.

RESUMEN Este artículo examina el nacimiento, desarrollo y existencia del campo de la ciencia conocida como Psicología de la Educación en el marco de la inclusividad en las escuelas vocacionales. El tema se discute desde la perspectiva de la preparación de estudiantes inclusivos en la educación vocacional en Azerbaiyán y el mundo. De esta manera, se pretende contribuir al correcto posicionamiento y conceptualización de la psicología educativa como campo de estudio científico en Azerbaiyán, especialmente en la actualidad. Una de las características más distintivas de ser un campo científico es la formación de un marco para el campo y una comunidad que interactúa basándose en un lenguaje y una comprensión compartidos. Por ello, en este artículo se examina la psicología educativa, considerada como un campo científico, en paralelo con dos elementos: la educación vocacional y la inclusividad. Si bien la psicología educativa del estudiante inclusivo es un campo de la ciencia, también se la conoce como un concepto identificado con la carrera que se ofrece bajo el mismo nombre. Mejorar la calidad del campo de la psicología educativa o debilitar la función de este campo es un problema de las ciencias de la educación. Por tanto, la existencia de este campo debe ser abordada tanto por los científicos de la educación como por los expertos en psicología educativa. Este artículo fue escrito con esta línea investigativa.

ABSTRACT This article examines the birth, development and existence of the field of science known as Educational Psychology within the framework of inclusivity in vocational schools. The topic is discussed from the perspective of the preparation of inclusive students in vocational education in Azerbaijana and the world. In this way, it aims to contribute to the correct positioning and conceptualization of educational psychology as a field of scientific study in Azerbaijan, especially at present. One of the most distinctive characteristics of being a scientific field is the formation of a framework for the field and a community that interacts based on a shared language and understanding. Therefore, in this article, educational psychology, considered as a scientific field, is examined in parallel with two elements: vocational education and inclusivity. Although the educational psychology of the inclusive student is a field of science, it is also known as a concept identified with the career offered under the same name. Improving the quality of the field of educational psychology or weakening the function of this field is a problem of the educational sciences. Therefore, the existence of this field must be addressed by both educational scientists and experts in educational psychology. This article was written with this awareness.

Abstract Nonverbal communication as a social skill influences student motivation; therefore, during the pedagogical process, teaching staff must possess interpersonal skill to emit assertive behavior; in order to have a measurement scale on non-verbal behavioral styles. They items were organized into three dimensions: assertive, aggressive and passive. The objective was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Non-Verbal Immediacy Scale (NVIE) in teachers. Their study approach was quantitative, with a non-experimental factorial design. The sample of 150 subjects was obtained through non-probabilistic sampling of a population of 373.The programs used were SPSS.23 and Lisrel. The results showed a pearsoʹn correlation coefficient greater than .30 between the items of its dimensions, presenting a homogeneous measurement between them. The Cronbachʹs Alpha indices of the scales range from .60 to .82, which shows good internal consistency. The exploratory analysis (EFA) gave an approximation to the model with a solution for three factors representing 67.54% of its variance. Through confirmatory analysis (CFA), the similarities of the sample covariation matrices with the matrix of the alternative model on the same data were determined, obtaining satisfactory adjustments for the parameters (X2-RMSEA-RMR- GFI-AGFI), corroborating the proposed hypothesis. It is concluded that with the graphic representation of the alternative-recursive-NVIE model, the cause-effect relationship of the three dimensions is visualized, with their indicators, establishing in a valid and reliable manner its use as a measurement scale in studies of behavioral styles non verbal.

Resumen La comunicación no verbal como habilidad social influye en la motivación estudiantil; por lo tanto, durante el proceso pedagógico, el personal docente debe poseer habilidades interpersonales para emitir comportamientos asertivos, con la finalidad de contar con una escala de medida sobre estilos de comportamiento no verbal. Se organizó los ítems en tres dimensiones: asertivo, agresivo y pasivo. El objetivo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Inmediatez no Verbal (NVIE) en docentes. Su estudio de enfoque fue cuantitativo, con diseño factorial no-experimental. Se obtuvo la muestra de 150 sujetos, mediante muestreo no probabilístico de una población de 373. Los programas utilizados fueron SPSS.23 y Lisrel. Los resultados arrojaron coeficiente de correlación de Pearson mayores a .30 entre los ítems de sus dimensiones, presentaron medida homogénea entre ellas. Los índices de Alfa de Cronbach de las escalas oscilan desde .60 a .82, lo que evidencia una buena consistencia interna. El análisis exploratorio (AFE) dio una aproximación al modelo con solución para tres factores lo que representa el 67.54% de su varianza. Mediante análisis confirmatorio (AFC) se determinó las semejanzas de las matrices de covariación muestral con la matriz del modelo alternativo sobre los mismos datos, se obtuvieron ajustes satisfactorios para los parámetros (X2-RMSEA-RMR-GFI-AGFI), se corroboró la hipótesis planteada. Se concluye que con la representación gráfica del modelo alternativo-recursivo-NVIE se visualiza la relación causa-efecto de las tres dimensiones, con sus indicadores, al quedar establecido de manera válida y confiable su uso como escala de medida en estudios de estilos de comportamiento no-verbal.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of high-fidelity simulation of pediatric emergencies compared to case-based discussion on the development of self-confidence, theoretical knowledge, clinical reasoning, communication, attitude, and leadership in undergraduate medical students. Methods: 33 medical students were allocated to two teaching methods: high-fidelity simulation (HFS, n = 18) or case-based discussion (CBD, n = 15). Self-confidence and knowledge tests were applied before and after the interventions and the effect of HFS on both outcomes was estimated with mixed-effect models. An Objective Structured Clinical Examination activity was conducted after the interventions, while two independent raters used specific simulation checklists to assess clinical reasoning, communication, attitude, and leadership. The effect of HFS on these outcomes was estimated with linear and logistic regressions. The effect size was estimated with the Hedge’sg. Results: Both groups had an increase in self-confidence (HFS 59.1 × 93.6, p < 0.001; CDB 50.5 × 88.2, p < 0.001) and knowledge scores over time (HFS 45.1 × 63.2, p = 0.001; CDB 43.5 × 56.7, p-value < 0.01), but no difference was observed between groups (group*time effect in the mixed effect models adjusted for the student ranking) for both tests (p = 0.6565 and p = 0.3331, respectively). The simulation checklist scores of the HFS group were higher than those of the CBD group, with large effect sizes in all domains (Hedges g 1.15 to 2.20). Conclusion: HFS performed better than CBD in developing clinical reasoning, communication, attitude, and leadership in undergraduate medical students in pediatric emergency care, but no significant difference was observed in self-confidence and theoretical knowledge. highfidelity high fidelity casebased case based selfconfidence, selfconfidence self confidence, confidence reasoning communication attitude Methods 3 methods HFS, 18 CBD, (CBD 15. 15 . 15) Selfconfidence Self mixedeffect regressions Hedgesg. Hedgesg Hedge sg. sg Hedge’sg Results 591 59 1 59. 936 93 6 93.6 0.001 0001 0 001 505 50 5 50. 882 88 2 88.2 451 45 45. 632 63 63.2 435 43 43. 567 56 7 56.7 pvalue value 0.01, 0.01 , 01 0.01) group*time grouptime ranking 06565 6565 0.656 03331 3331 0.3331 respectively. respectively respectively) Hedges 115 1.1 2.20. 220 2.20 20 2.20) Conclusion care 9 93. 0.00 000 00 8 88. 4 63. 56. 0.0 0656 656 0.65 0333 333 0.333 11 1. 22 2.2 0. 065 65 0.6 033 0.33 2. 06 03 0.3

ABSTRACT The study explored the attitudes that working adult students of the Business Administration Engineering program value in their professors, during the 2022 academic program. A methodology with a qualitative, exploratory approach was applied, with a phenomenological design and a case perspective. A convenience sample was used and a total of 100 students of the 2022 cohort were considered. The main results showed that the attitudes that students value in their teachers are the creation of a climate of work and participation, in addition to motivating interest in their learning process. It was concluded that working adult students not only value in their teachers' attitudes related to technical aspects of how to conduct a class, but also those that point to the impact on the subjective aspect of the individual.

RESUMO O estudo explorou as atitudes que os estudantes adultos trabalhadores da carreira de Engenharia em Administração valorizam em seus professores, durante o programa acadêmico do ano de 2022. Aplicou-se uma metodologia com abordagem qualitativa, exploratória, com desenho fenomenológico e perspectiva de caso. . Foi utilizada uma amostra de conveniência e foram considerados um total de 100 alunos da coorte de 2022. Os principais resultados mostraram que as atitudes que os alunos valorizam nos seus professores são a criação de um clima de trabalho e participação, além de motivar o interesse pela sua aprendizagem processo. Concluiu-se que os alunos adultos trabalhadores não valorizam apenas em seus professores atitudes relacionadas aos aspectos técnicos de como conduzir uma aula, mas também aquelas que apontam para o impacto nos aspectos subjetivos do indivíduo.

RESUMEN El estudio exploró las actitudes que valoran los estudiantes adultos trabajadores de la carrera de Ingeniería en Administración de Empresas en sus profesores, durante el programa académico del año 2022. Se aplicó una metodología con un enfoque cualitativo, exploratorio, con un diseño fenomenológico y una perspectiva de caso. Se utilizó una muestra por conveniencia y se consideró un total de 100 estudiantes de la cohorte 2022. Los principales resultados mostraron que las actitudes que valoran los estudiantes en sus profesores son la creación de un clima de trabajo y participación, además de motivar el interés por su proceso de aprendizaje. Se concluyó que los estudiantes adultos trabajadores no solo valoran en sus profesores actitudes relacionadas a aspectos técnicos de cómo realizar una clase, sino que también aquellas que apuntan al impacto en lo subjetivo del individuo.

Abstract The main objective of the research was to study the relation between the level of attitude towards mathematics and the attitude towards mathematical problem-solving in the students of two Costa Rican official day schools (whose names are omitted for reasons of confidentiality) enrolled in 2022 by analyzing the existence of differences by sex, by level of study, and by school. The research is of a quantitative, descriptive-exploratory type. The sample consisted of 528 students, and the sampling design was simple random stratification according to school and educational levels. The statistical techniques applied were Student’s t-test and one-factor ANOVA for the study of the research hypotheses. The results indicate that 65.9% of students have a positive attitude towards mathematics and 80.1% have a positive attitude towards mathematical problem-solving, and that there are differences between men and women in both variables, showing the first higher levels with a low effect size but no differences by school. In addition, there were differences between the seventh-grade students with respect to the ninth and tenth-grade students in the variable attitude towards mathematics but not in the attitude towards mathematical problem-solving. Finally, a positive, significant, and direct relationship was found between these variables.

Resumen El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue estudiar la relación entre el nivel de actitud hacia la matemática y de actitud hacia la resolución de problemas matemáticos en el estudiantado de dos colegios oficiales diurnos costarricenses (cuyos nombres se omiten por razones de confidencialidad) matriculado en 2022; se analizaron las diferencias por sexo, por nivel de estudio y por colegio. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa descriptiva-exploratoria. La muestra estuvo integrada por 528 estudiantes y el diseño muestral fue simple aleatorio estratificado según el colegio y los niveles educativos. Las técnicas estadísticas aplicadas fueron la t de Student y ANOVA de un factor para el estudio de las hipótesis de la investigación. Como resultado, el 65.9% del estudiantado presenta una actitud positiva hacia la matemática y 80.1% una actitud positiva hacia la resolución de problemas matemáticos. Se determina que existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en ambas variables, los primeros mostraron niveles superiores con tamaño del efecto bajo, mas no diferencias por colegio. Asimismo, se detectaron diferencias entre el estudiantado de sétimo con respecto a los de noveno y décimo en la variable actitud hacia la matemática, pero no en cuanto a la actitud hacia la resolución de problemas matemáticos. Finalmente, se encontró una relación positiva, significativa y directa entre estas variables.

Abstract Technological development has led to a significant change in education and demands new skills, attitudes and knowledge from the teachers. The mathematics teacher's attitude toward computer use in the classroom is a factor that can positively or negatively impact student learning. That is why the present study aims to know the attitude that teachers of the Mathematics department of the Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora have towards the use of the computer for academic purposes. Sixty-seven teachers participated in the survey, which included 16 items with five response options. The study design contemplates a quantitative approach and the type of research is non-experimental, transactional and correlational, using hypothesis and correlation tests. The results show that the teachers have a very favorable level of attitude; 85.2% of the teachers answered the option of agreeing and totally agreeing. It was found that as the teachers grow older, they feel more confident with the use of the computer and the more they think that students are distracted by its use in the classroom and that the use of the computer encourages laziness in the student. Similar results have been found in other research regarding the favorable attitude that mathematics teachers have towards the use of technology in the classroom; as well as the distrust they have towards the use of technology as age increases.

Resumen El desarrollo tecnológico ha impulsado un cambio significativo en la educación, de ahí que se requieran nuevas habilidades, actitudes y conocimientos por parte del docente. En el caso del profesor de matemáticas, su disposición hacia el uso de la computadora en el aula es un factor que puede impactar de manera positiva o negativa en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por ende, el presente estudio buscó identificar la actitud de los maestros del Departamento de Matemáticas del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora respecto al empleo de dicho recurso con fines académicos. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental, transeccional y correlacional; se utilizaron pruebas de hipótesis y de correlación. Participaron 67 docentes, quienes respondieron una encuesta de 16 ítems con cinco opciones de respuesta. Los resultados muestran que los docentes tienen una actitud muy favorable, ya que el 85.2 % de ellos respondieron con las opciones “de acuerdo” y “totalmente de acuerdo”. Además, se encontró que, a mayor edad, los profesores se sienten más seguros con el uso de la computadora, pero también piensan que los estudiantes se distraen más y que el uso de la tecnología fomenta la pereza en el alumno. Estos hallazgos son similares a los encontrados en otras investigaciones, que también señalan una actitud favorable de los docentes de matemáticas hacia el empleo de la tecnología en el aula, así como una mayor desconfianza hacia su uso a medida que aumenta la edad del docente.

Resumo O desenvolvimento tecnológico impulsionou uma mudança significativa na educação, pelo que são necessárias novas competências, atitudes e conhecimentos por parte do professor. No caso do professor de matemática, sua disposição para o uso do computador em sala de aula é um fator que pode impactar positiva ou negativamente a aprendizagem dos alunos. Portanto, o presente estudo buscou conhecer a atitude dos professores do Departamento de Matemática do Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora em relação à utilização do referido recurso para fins acadêmicos. Para tanto, desenhou-se um estudo quantitativo, de desenho não experimental, transecional e correlacional, e foram utilizados testes de hipóteses e de correlação. Especificamente, participaram 67 professores, que responderam a uma pesquisa de 16 itens com cinco opções de resposta. Os resultados mostram que os professores têm uma atitude bastante favorável, uma vez que 85,2% deles responderam com as opções “concordo” e “concordo totalmente”. Além disso, constatou-se que, com a idade mais avançada, os professores sentem-se mais confiantes com o uso do computador, mas também acham que os alunos ficam mais distraídos e que o uso da tecnologia estimula a preguiça no aluno. Esses achados são semelhantes aos encontrados em outras pesquisas, que também indicam uma atitude favorável dos professores de matemática em relação ao uso da tecnologia em sala de aula, bem como uma maior desconfiança em relação ao seu uso à medida que aumenta a idade do professor.

Nesta pesquisa narrativa, narro e componho sentidos de uma experiência como professora de inglês durante um curso que integrou premissas de gamificação e jogos digitais para promover o engajamento e a participação central dos alunos. Começo explicando o contexto em que a pesquisa foi realizada e apresentando os motivos da minha pesquisa. Em seguida, analiso a tarefa proposta, na qual os alunos responderam a um questionário sobre as características que, se tivessem a chance, gostariam de manter ou mudar em mim como sua professora de inglês. Suas respostas basearam a escrita de um poema, que mostrou a necessidade de eu sair do centro das atenções. A experiência seguinte narrada foi a de fazer com que meus alunos gamificassem sua prova oral final enquanto eu tentava guiá-los. Aprendi que o protagonismo deles conduziu ao engajamento e a uma atitude positiva em relação ao processo de aprendizagem. Também compreendi que meu desejo de estar ao lado e não em uma posição central não era suficiente. Ter vivido a experiência junto com eles foi o que me despertou para rever continuamente minha identidade profissional.

In this narrative inquiry, I narrate and compose meaning of an experience as an English teacher who designed a course that integrated premises of gamification and digital gaming to foster students’ engagement and central participation. I begin by explaining the context in which the research took place and presenting the reasons for my proposal. Subsequently, I go over the task proposed, where students answered a questionnaire on the traits they would like to keep or change in me as their English teacher, given the chance. Their answers based the writing of a poem, which showed the need for me to step off the spotlight. The following experience narrated was having my students gamify their final oral test while I tried to be the guide on the side. I learned their central participation led to engagement and a positive attitude towards the learning process. I also understood that my urge to be a guide on the side and not a sage on stage was not enough. What really awoke me to continuously review my professional identity was having lived the experience together with them.

Students' parents are important stakeholders of school leadership. Student mobility and some other problems in a school environment may occur when the expectations of students' parents cannot be met. Hence, I studied the expectations of the parents of secondary school students about the leadership of school principals through focus-group interviews using a phenomenology design. According to the findings, the leadership expectations of parents about school principals were categorised in 4 sub-themes: behaviour, values, skills and competencies, and characteristics. Parents of students expect school principals to prioritise student success, create unity and integrity, ensure open and sincere communication, and student safety and happiness. They also expect values that include managerial competence and problem-solving skills, showing interest and sensitivity, sensitivity to differences, respect for justice and equality, and a democratic attitude. At the same time, parents of students expect school principals to be innovative, visionary, consistent, empathetic, and disciplined - they want principals to be good role models for students.

RESUMO Nesta pesquisa narrativa, narro e componho sentidos de uma experiência como professora de inglês durante um curso que integrou premissas de gamificação e jogos digitais para promover o engajamento e a participação central dos alunos. Começo explicando o contexto em que a pesquisa foi realizada e apresentando os motivos da minha pesquisa. Em seguida, analiso a tarefa proposta, na qual os alunos responderam a um questionário sobre as características que, se tivessem a chance, gostariam de manter ou mudar em mim como sua professora de inglês. Suas respostas basearam a escrita de um poema, que mostrou a necessidade de eu sair do centro das atenções. A experiência seguinte narrada foi a de fazer com que meus alunos gamificassem sua prova oral final enquanto eu tentava guiá-los. Aprendi que o protagonismo deles conduziu ao engajamento e a uma atitude positiva em relação ao processo de aprendizagem. Também compreendi que meu desejo de estar ao lado e não em uma posição central não era suficiente. Ter vivido a experiência junto com eles foi o que me despertou para rever continuamente minha identidade profissional. narrativa seguida proposta chance poema atenções guiálos. guiálos guiá los. los guiá-los aprendizagem suficiente profissional

ABSTRACT In this narrative inquiry, I narrate and compose meaning of an experience as an English teacher who designed a course that integrated premises of gamification and digital gaming to foster students’ engagement and central participation. I begin by explaining the context in which the research took place and presenting the reasons for my proposal. Subsequently, I go over the task proposed, where students answered a questionnaire on the traits they would like to keep or change in me as their English teacher, given the chance. Their answers based the writing of a poem, which showed the need for me to step off the spotlight. The following experience narrated was having my students gamify their final oral test while I tried to be the guide on the side. I learned their central participation led to engagement and a positive attitude towards the learning process. I also understood that my urge to be a guide on the side and not a sage on stage was not enough. What really awoke me to continuously review my professional identity was having lived the experience together with them. inquiry proposal Subsequently proposed chance poem spotlight process enough them

RESUMEN Introducción: La investigación es un proceso intencional de construcción de nuevos conocimientos e ideas, que impulsan la trasformación de la sociedad. Los profesionales de la salud deben desarrollar actitudes positivas hacia la investigación, toda vez que esto mejora su desempeño profesional y, por ende, la calidad de atención al paciente. Objetivo: Identificar las actitudes hacia la investigación en médicos residentes de un hospital pediátrico público. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal; se incluyeron 200 médicos residentes. Se aplicó el instrumento “Escala de actitudes hacia la investigación (EACIN)”, de 39 ítems. Se empleó la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes para determinar la diferencia de los puntajes de las actitudes de investigación y las variables sexo, tipo de especialidad y experiencia laboral; mientras que para la variable horas de trabajo semanal, se empleó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: El 58,5 % fue de sexo femenino; el 25 % (48) mostró una actitud afectiva positiva; el 98 % (196) una actitud cognitiva positiva; el 94 % (188) una actitud conductual positiva. En general, el 96 % (192) tuvo una actitud positiva y el 4 % (8) neutral. El puntaje obtenido por los médicos residentes que realizaban especialidades quirúrgicas fue mayor que el quienes realizaban especialidades clínicas (115,69 ± 6,02 vs. 113,29 ± 5,93; p= 0,012). Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los médicos residentes presentan actitudes positivas hacia la investigación, lo cual podría ser beneficioso para implementar programas de capacitación y actividades relacionadas con la investigación en el hospital.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Research is an intentional process of constructing new knowledge and ideas, promoting the transformation of society. Health professionals must develop positive attitudes towards research since this will improve their professional performance and therefore improve the quality of patient care. Objective: Identify the attitudes towards research in resident doctors of a public pediatric hospital. Methods: The study was descriptive cross-sectional; 200 resident doctors were included. The “Research Attitudes Scale (EACIN)” of 39 items was applied. The T-Student test for independent samples was used to determine the difference in the scores of research attitudes, and the variables sex, type of specialty and work experience, while the Mann Whitney U test was used for the weekly work hours variable. Results: 58.5% were female, 25% (48) showed a positive affective attitude, 98% (196) a positive cognitive attitude, 94% (188) a positive behavioral attitude. In general, 96% (192) had a positive attitude and 4% (8) had a neutral attitude. The score obtained by resident physicians who performed surgical specialties was higher than that of those who performed clinical specialties (115.69 ± 6.02 versus 113.29 ± 5.93; p= 0.012). Conclusions: Most resident doctors have positive attitudes towards research, which could be beneficial to implement training programs and/or activities related to research in the hospital.

Summary This study proposed the design of three brief scales coherent with and contributing to the pedagogical perspective of schoolteachers, aiming to enhance self-regulated learning and psychological well-being of students. With the participation of teachers and other professionals who provided feedback throughout the process, scales for school motivation (ME), frustration tolerance (TF), and school satisfaction (SE) were designed and validated among 1260 students from 7th to 12th grade (57.7% female, mean age M=14.9 years, SD=1.9) belonging to three educational institutions in northern Chile. Descriptive, correlational, reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) measures obtained indicated adequate psychometric behavior in all scales. As a result of the validation process, the report indicates that the instruments meet psychometric criteria for application in the school context and contribute to identifying strengths and motivational, affective, and satisfaction needs of students, relevant to their processes of self-regulated learning and psychological well-being.

Resumen Este estudio propuso el diseño de tres escalas breves coherentes con y aportadoras a la perspectiva pedagógica de profesores escolares, para la mejora del aprendizaje autorregulado y el bienestar psicológico estudiantil. Con participación de docentes y otros profesionales que retroalimentaron el proceso, se diseñaron escalas de motivación escolar (ME), tolerancia a la frustración (TF) y satisfacción escolar (SE), luego validadas en 1260 estudiantes de 7° a 12° grado, (57.7% mujeres, edad M= 14.9 años, DS=1.9) pertenecientes a tres establecimientos educacionales del norte de Chile. Las medidas descriptivas, correlacionales, de confiabilidad, y del análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) obtenidas indicaron un comportamiento psicométrico adecuado en todas las escalas. Como resultado del proceso de validación, se reporta que los instrumentos cumplen criterios psicométricos para ser aplicados en contexto escolar, y aportar en la identificación de fortalezas y necesidades motivacionales, afectivas y de satisfacción en los estudiantes, relevantes para sus procesos de aprendizaje autorregulado y su bienestar psicológico.

BACKGROUND: South Africa's reading problems are evident in tertiary education, particularly among students studying in a foreign language. Therefore, many reading researchers in South Africa have argued that poor reading skills among tertiary students are a direct result of poor reading skills at school. Some research has found that psychological factors such as test anxiety, self-concept, and attitude have a negative and significant impact on student academic performance OBJECTIVES: Therefore, the current study focuses on self-concept as it specifically explores university students' self-perceptions as readers METHOD: The study followed a qualitative research approach, and a case study design was deemed relevant for the study. A targeted sample of 65 respondents was selected to answer the open-ended questionnaire. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the collected data RESULTS: The findings showed that university students defined themselves as readers in different ways and their reading self-concepts were based on their reading behaviour. The students specifically described themselves as readers who enjoy reading, analytic readers, or reluctant readers with poor and slow reading abilities displaying inconsistent reading habits; they admitted that they only read for academic purposes including tests and exams CONCLUSION: Students' reading self-concept has implications for reading instruction, student support, choice of reading material, reading motivation, and syllabus design CONTRIBUTION: The findings of the study provide data that could create English lecturers' awareness of their students' reading self-concepts so that they could change their students' reading culture

Resumo: Introdução: A graduação no curso de Medicina se dá por meio de uma formação teórico-prática que tem nos hospitais universitários o seu principal cenário de práticas. Nas consultas que envolvem questões da intimidade do paciente, o constrangimento é uma possibilidade. Isso pode comprometer a qualidade da assistência e/ou da formação médica. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os aspectos psicoafetivos da consulta ginecológica, a partir da percepção das pacientes, de modo a encontrar elementos que possam favorecer a adequação da formação médica à humanização do atendimento. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado no ambulatório de ginecologia de um hospital universitário. Foram incluídas as usuárias do ambulatório que estavam na sala de espera para atendimento ginecológico, configurando-se como uma amostra por acessibilidade. A coleta de dados se deu entre os meses de fevereiro e agosto de 2021, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com perguntas norteadoras previamente elaboradas. Realizaram-se 50 entrevistas, cujos discursos foram posteriormente transcritos e analisados pelo software IRaMuTeQ. Resultado: Sob a perspectiva das pacientes, o momento da consulta ginecológica envolve duas esferas de interesse principais: a assistência médico-ginecológica dada a elas e o ensino-aprendizado destinado aos estudantes. A partir dessa divisão, emergem duas perspectivas: aquela que parte da demanda pessoal, e a que considera o interesse do outro (o estudante). Nos discursos sobre a assistência ginecológica, as falas concentram o olhar para si, para o constrangimento vivenciado durante a assistência. Já nos discursos sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem dos estudantes, as falas referem-se, em sua maioria, ao reconhecimento da importância da prática clínica na formação médica. Dessa forma, ocorre uma intersecção entre “a assistência fornecida a mim” e o “processo de ensino-aprendizagem do outro”. O constrangimento das pacientes parece ser superado em favor de um objetivo maior: contribuir para a formação de futuros médicos. Conclusão: Apesar do constrangimento experimentado na consulta ginecológica em ambiente acadêmico, a compreensão das usuárias acerca da sua contribuição para a formação médica promove um posicionamento colaborativo, revelando-se como elemento facilitador da assistência nesse cenário. Foi revelada também uma atenuação do constrangimento proporcional à experiência da mulher nesse tipo de atendimento. Resumo Introdução teóricoprática teórico práticas paciente possibilidade eou ou Objetivo Método Tratase Trata observacional transversal qualitativa universitário ginecológico configurandose configurando acessibilidade 2021 elaboradas Realizaramse Realizaram 5 entrevistas IRaMuTeQ Resultado principais médicoginecológica médico ensinoaprendizado aprendizado estudantes divisão perspectivas pessoal estudante. estudante . estudante) si referemse, referemse referem se, referem-se maioria forma mim processo ensinoaprendizagem outro. outro” maior médicos Conclusão acadêmico colaborativo revelandose revelando 202 20 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Undergraduate medical training involves both theoretical and practical learnings, with university hospitals being the main practice setting. In consultations involving issues of patient intimacy, embarrassment is a possibility. This may compromise the quality of care and/or medical training. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the psycho-affective aspects of gynecological consultation, based on the patients’ perceptions, in order to find elements to help shape medical education toward humanized care. Method: This is an observational, cross-sectional, qualitative study, carried out in the gynecology outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Outpatient users who were in the waiting room for gynecological care were included, representing a sample for accessibility. Data collection took place between the months of February and August 2021 through a semi-structured interview with previously prepared guiding questions. A total of 50 interviews were conducted, which were later transcribed and analyzed by the IRaMuTeQ software. Result: From the perspective of the patients, the gynecological consultation involves two main spheres of interest: the medical-gynaecological assistance given to them and the teaching-learning aimed at students. Within this division, two perspectives emerge: firstly, that which draws on the personal demand and, secondly, that which considers the interest of the other (the student). In the discourses on medical- gynecological assistance, the speakers focus on themselves, on the embarrassment experienced during the assistance. In the discourses on the teaching and learning of the students, the speakers primarily focus on the importance of clinical practice in medical training. Thus, there is an intersection between “the care provided to me” and the “other’s teaching-learning process”. The patient’s embarrassment seems to be overcome in favour of a greater goal: to contribute to the training of future doctors. Conclusion: Despite the embarrassment experienced in gynecological consultation in an academic environment, the users’ understanding of their contribution to medical education promotes a collaborative attitude, which is found to facilitate care in this scenario. The attenuation of the embarrassment was also found to be proportional to the experience of the woman in this type of care. Introduction learnings setting intimacy possibility andor or Objective psychoaffective psycho affective patients perceptions Method observational crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional hospital included accessibility 202 semistructured semi structured questions 5 conducted software Result medicalgynaecological gynaecological teachinglearning students division emerge firstly secondly student. student . student) themselves Thus me others s process. process process” goal doctors Conclusion environment attitude scenario 20 2