Asphaltenes are complex molecules with a tendency to aggregate. This property can be an issue for the oil industry due to CO2 reinjection into reservoirs to mitigate these gas emissions. The present theoretical study aimed to study the CO2 interaction with no-substitute and substituted coronene as an asphaltene model compound at CAM-B3LYP-D3/6-311G(d,p) level. The electronic properties were evaluated using harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and reduced density gradient (RDG) methods. The results showed that the coronene’s functionalization by a sulfur atom changes the coronene’s electronic structure. However, functionalization does not change the type of interactions between the monomers, as they remain predominantly van der Waals interactions. CO2 interaction with substituted coronene barely changed due to the presence of sulfur atoms. However, in dimers, the position of the heteroatom directly influences the interaction with CO2, although it is insufficient to change the interaction’s magnitude. For this reason, our results indicate that the sulfur heteroatom in asphaltenes should be addressed. However, new studies must be conducted by increasing the number of substituents, CO2 numbers, and the model size. aggregate CO emissions nosubstitute no substitute CAMB3LYPD3/6311Gd,p CAMB3LYPD36311Gdp CAMBLYPDGdp CAM B3LYP D3/6 311G d,p D3 6 d p B LYP D G CAM-B3LYP-D3/6-311G(d,p level HOMA, HOMA , (HOMA) QTAIM, QTAIM (QTAIM) RDG (RDG methods coronenes s structure However monomers dimers magnitude reason addressed substituents numbers size CAMB3LYPD3 6311Gd CAMB LYPD Gd Gdp BLYP D36 D3/ dp (HOMA (QTAIM CAMBLYPD CAMB3LYPD

Abstract Introduction: The creation of protected natural areas within urban environments has played an essential role in providing small reservoirs of native vegetation and refuges for endemic species. However, knowledge of how land management and landscape design can influence the different community structures of urban parks is scarce. Objective: To analyze, through ant communities, the influence of urbanization in a protected natural area (PNA) located in an urban zone. Methods: From April to July 2022, using bait traps and pitfall traps along 100 m transects, the presence of ant species was recorded in the El Refugio State Park Natural Area in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Alpha diversity was assessed using Hill numbers, while beta diversity was evaluated using the Jaccard index. Additionally, indicator species were identified through the indicator value (IndVal). Multiple correspondence analysis was conducted to associate the presence of species with environmental variables and vegetation types, and contingency tables were created to relate ant presence to vegetation cover size. Results: In total 18 565 individuals were captured (five subfamilies, 22 genera, and 29 species). Species richness and diversity decreased in sites with low vegetation cover, such as in Tamaulipan thornscrub; secondary vegetation retained greater species richness. Indicator species found in secondary vegetation and grassland areas were mainly composed of species that tolerate high temperatures and generalists such as Forelius mccooki and Tetramorium spinosum. The presence of these species is primarily associated with temperature, humidity, and vegetation cover. A relationship between the presence of ant species and vegetation cover size was evident. Conclusion: The structure and composition of ant communities vary according to the type of vegetation structure, particularly in areas that have undergone greater anthropogenic damage. Therefore, the conservation of landscapes, as well as monitoring of these areas, should be considered in future research.

Resumen Introducción: La creación de espacios naturales protegidos en entornos urbanos desempeñan un papel esencial, proporcionando reservorios de vegetación autóctona y refugios de fauna endémica. Sin embargo, es escaso el conocimiento sobre cómo la gestión del suelo y el diseño del paisaje influye en las diferentes estructuras comunitarias de parques urbanos. Objetivo: Analizar a través de comunidades de hormigas la influencia de la urbanización en un área natural protegida en zona urbana. Métodos: De abril a julio de 2022, en transectos de 100 m se colocaron trampas de cebo y Pitfall, se registró la presencia de especies de hormigas del Parque Estatal “El Refugio” (PER), Tamaulipas, México. La diversidad Alfa se evaluó mediante números de Hill y la diversidad Beta con el índice de Jaccard. Se identificaron especies indicadoras con el Valor Indicador (IndVal). Se realizó un análisis de correspondencia múltiple asociando la presencia de especies con variables ambientales y tipos de vegetación. Se realizó una tabla de contingencia para relacionar la presencia de hormigas con el tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Resultados: En total, se capturaron 18 565 individuos (cinco subfamilias, 22 géneros y 29 especies). La riqueza y diversidad de especies disminuyó en sitios con baja cobertura vegetal, como en matorral espinoso tamaulipeco; la vegetación secundaria conservó mayor riqueza de especies. Áreas de vegetación secundaria y pastizal registraron especies indicadoras, principalmente especies generalistas y tolerantes a las altas temperaturas como Forelius mccooki y Tetramorium spinosum. La presencia de especies está asociada con la temperatura, humedad y cobertura vegetal. Se evidenció una relación entre presencia de especies de hormigas y tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Conclusiones: La estructura y composición de las comunidades de hormigas varía de acuerdo con la estructura vegetal, principalmente en áreas que han sufrido mayor daño antropogénico. La conservación de los paisajes y el monitoreo de estas áreas, deben ser considerados en futuras investigaciones.

Abstract Introduction One of the paths in the investigation of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) is to try to characterize its etiology through the inner ear evaluation using high resolution computer tomography (CT) scans. With minor malformation, it is not always possible for a simple visual inspection to recognize if the structure in the inner ear is normal or not. Objective To verify if measurements of the inner ear are predictive of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and suggest cutoff points of size limits. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study of inner ear CT scan measurements of 214 patients, 50 with congenital SNHL (CSNHL) and 164 acquired SNHL (ASNHL) (control group). Results In the CSNHL group, central bony island (CBI) were 0.48 mm smaller (p < 0.001), cochlear nerve aperture was (CNA) 0.10 mm smaller (p < 0.001), and cochlea height was (CH) 0.15 mm smaller (p < 0.001). Vestibular aqueduct (VA) and cochlea width (CW) were similar between groups (0.70 vs 0.72, p = 0.19, and 7.20 vs 7.15 p = 0.23). The predictive cutoff points for CSNHL were CBI = 3.6 mm, CAN = 1.4 mm, CH = 3.4 mm, CW = 7.0 mm, and VA = 0.9 mm. Conclusion Congenital sensorineural hearing loss determined a decrease in CBI, opening of the cochlear nerve (OCN), and CW. Thus, these measures, at the cutoff points indicated, should make us aware of the diagnosis of congenital hearing loss. (CSNHL (CT scans malformation (SNHL limits crosssectional cross sectional 21 patients 5 16 ASNHL (ASNHL control group. group . group) (CBI 048 0 48 0.4 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) CNA (CNA 010 10 0.1 (CH 015 15 0.001. (VA (CW 0.70 070 70 (0.7 072 72 0.72 019 19 0.19 720 7 20 7.2 715 7.1 0.23. 023 0.23 23 0.23) 36 3 6 3. 14 1 4 1. 34 7. 09 9 0. OCN, OCN (OCN) Thus measures indicated 2 04 000 0.00 00 01 0.7 07 (0. 71 02 0.2 (OCN 0.0 (0 (

Abstract Distichlis spicata is a gramineous halophyte species that grow around the coastal areas. The objective of the study was to identify the modifications in the anatomical structure of stomates of the D. spicata leaf epidermis, cultivated with irrigation and without irrigation conditions. Two populations were selected, 1) plants of D. spicata with irrigation and 2) plants of D. spicata without irrigation. Ten plants per replication were selected from each population, and from each selected plant, the fourth leaf was taken. Each leaf was cut longitudinally into four segments which were dried and analyzed using an Electronic Scanning Microscope. The variables measured were the stomatal density, length, and width of stomates and pores, the stomatal area, the proportion of the pore area concerning the size of the stomata, and the stomata proportion per surface. The results showed that D. spicata populations with irrigation and without irrigation showed anatomical modifications in the structure of stomates in the adaxial epidermis but not in the abaxial epidermis. In the adaxial epidermis, the plants with irrigation showed higher values of stoma length, stoma width, stoma area and pore length, while plants without irrigation showed higher values of proportion pore/stoma and stomatal density. The D. spicata plants without irrigation showed small stomates than plants with irrigation, also, the plants without irrigation, increased the accumulation of salt crystals in the abaxial epidermis.

Resumen Distichlis spicata es una especie de gramínea halófita que crece en las zonas costeras. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las modificaciones en la estructura anatómica de estomas de la epidermis foliar de D. spicata, cultivadas con riego y sin riego. Se seleccionaron dos poblaciones, 1) plantas de D. spicata con riego y 2) plantas de D. spicata sin riego. De cada población se seleccionaron 10 plantas por repetición y de cada planta seleccionada se tomó la cuarta hoja. Cada hoja se cortó longitudinalmente en cuatro segmentos que se secaron y analizaron utilizando un microscopio electrónico de barrido. Las variables medidas fueron la densidad estomática, largo y ancho de estomas y poros, el área estomática, la proporción del área de poros con respecto al tamaño de los estomas y la proporción de estomas por superficie. Los resultados mostraron que la población de D. spicata con riego y sin riego mostraron modificaciones anatómicas en la estructura de los estomas en la epidermis adaxial pero no en la epidermis abaxial. En la epidermis adaxial, las plantas con riego presentaron valores más altos de longitud de estoma, ancho de estoma, área de estoma y longitud de poro, mientras que las plantas sin riego mostraron valores más altos de proporción poro/estoma y densidad estomática. Las plantas de D. spicata sin riego presentaron estomas más pequeños respecto a las plantas con riego; además, las plantas sin riego incrementaron la acumulación de cristales de sal en la epidermis abaxial.

Abstract The ‘Blue Book’: a Future for Family Medicine in Portugal, edited in 1990 by the Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine, influenced the subsequent years and built the foundation for the Primary Healthcare Reform, initiated in 2005, but not fully implemented. In the current moment of low professional satisfaction, reviewing the principles that should guide family medicine in the future is important. The family doctor is the individual’s physician, who accompanies people's health throughout their life. Family doctors are specialists in primary healthcare and act according to the core values of family medicine as defined by the WONCA. Their actions form the basis of the health system and are associated with better health outcomes. Therefore, their actions must be centred on the person and the provision of differentiated care, reducing bureaucratic tasks and those with low health value. Physical spaces, equipment, and human resources should be adequately ensured, including the adjustment of the size of patients’ lists to ensure quality and dignified work by the Family Doctor, in every working setting. The Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine advocates for a performance-based remuneration model appropriate to the family doctor’s activity that compensates and prioritizes value-based healthcare, focusing their actions on the individual and reducing inefficiencies and duplications. This model is based on a new, simplified, and modern quality system grounded in the classic Structure - Process - Results framework but considering the dimensions of patient and professional satisfaction and adequately rewarding clinical work, teamwork, and citizen-centeredness. The present document is an adaptation and translation into English of the book 'A New Future for General and Family Medicine', edited by the Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine, in 2023.

Resumo O Livro Azul: um futuro para a Medicina de Família em Portugal, editado em 1990 pela Associação Portuguesa de Médicos de Clínica Geral, marcou os anos seguintes e conceptualizou a Reforma dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários, iniciada em 2005, mas não implementada na totalidade. No momento atual de insatisfação profissional é importante rever os princípios que nortearão a medicina geral e familiar no futuro. O médico de família é Médico da Pessoa. É nessa condição que faz o acompanhamento médico ao longo da sua vida. É especialista em cuidados de saúde primários e atua de acordo com os valores da medicina de família definidos pela WONCA. A sua ação é a base do sistema de saúde em que atua e está associada a melhores resultados de saúde. É, por isso, fundamental que a sua ação seja centralizada na pessoa e na prestação de cuidados diferenciados a esta, reduzindo as tarefas burocráticas e de baixo valor em saúde. Devem ser dadas condições materiais, de espaços físicos e de recursos humanos, incluindo adequação do tamanho das listas para garantir um trabalho digno e de qualidade ao médico de família. A APMGF defende um modelo de remuneração pelo desempenho adequado à atividade do médico de família que compense e priorize o valor em saúde, que centre a sua ação na pessoa e que reduza as ineficiências e duplicações. Este modelo assenta num novo sistema da qualidade simplificado e moderno assente no clássico Estrutura - Processo - Resultados, mas que considere as dimensões de satisfação de utentes e profissionais e que compense adequadamente o trabalho clínico, em equipa e centralidade do cidadão. O presente documento é uma adaptação e tradução para inglês do livro “Um Novo Futuro para a Medicina Geral e Familiar”, editado pela Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar, em 2023.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the ecology considering distribution, abundance, population structure, and fecundity of the marine diplostraceans Penilia avirostris and Pseudevadne tergestina in the Veracruz Reef System National Park, southwest Gulf of Mexico. Surface samples were collected with a 300 μm mesh plankton net at 26 sampling sites in June, August, October (2011), May (2012) and June (2013). Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ. The temperature range was 26.53 ± 0.41 and 29.29 ± 0.27°C, salinity between 33.43 ± 0.49 and 35.91 ± 0.09, and dissolved oxygen between 2.92 ± 0.08 and 6.56 ± 0.08 mg L-1. P. avirostris and P. tergestina presented the highest density, with 2200 ind 100 m-3 in June and 5980 ind 100 m-3 in October, respectively. Four stages were determined in P. avirostris. In P. tergestina, there were five instars, with males in August and October. The size of parthenogenic females of P. avirostris was 773.4 ± 20.08 μm. In P. tergestina, it was 637.6 ± 49.28 μm. The number of embryos in P. avirostris was 2 to 7, and in P. tergestina, 2 to 8 embryos. The correlations between body length and the number of embryos in both species were statistically significant under the potential model (r > 0.68 for both species, P < 0.001). The transects with the highest abundance were the northern and the southern zones because they are far from the influence of the Jamapa River. The density of these crustaceans is related to optimal temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen values. The low proportions obtained from gamogenic individuals of P. avirostris and P. tergestina suggest that in tropical and subtropical regions, gamogenesis is not crucial for the life cycle of these organisms.

ABSTRACT The marine phytoplankton community responds to latitudinal, longitudinal (coast to ocean), and vertical environmental gradients, an important subject in Oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). The phytoplankton structure and the effect of environmental gradients along the central Mexican Pacific, an area within an OMZ, were studied, especially the importance of size fractions and taxonomic groups. A combination of various methods and protocols, such as microscopic analysis, flow cytometer, and pigment analysis, were followed in this study. Oceanographic conditions included thermal gradients along the study area and unreported evidence of a weak upwelling in the southern zone (Acapulco). Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a showed subsurface maxima (SCM, 15-45 m depth) in all stations, and deeper chlorophyll-a maxima (DCM, 85-95 m depth) in more oceanic stations. Chain-forming diatoms dominated in the northern zone stations. Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and picoeukaryotes abundances ranged between 0.01 to 21.7 cells×104 mL−1, although most samples showed the highest contribution to biomass (47.95 µg C L−1) by picoeukaryotes. Expected tendencies of Prochlorococcus distribution were observed: highest densities coincided with the DCM and divinyl chlorophyll-a distribution at oceanic stations. Fucoxanthin had the highest concentrations, whereas fucoxanthin and zeaxanthin concentrations were higher at SCM depths. We documented the co-dominance of the pico- and microplankton: picoplankton was important at the DCM, related to oligotrophic and more stratified water column, whereas microplankton prevailed in coastal stations, with mixed water column, high nutrient concentrations, and diatoms as the dominant group. Picoeukaryotes abundances were related to the concentration of prasinoxanthin, which suggests an important mamiellophyte component not previously revealed.

Abstract Due to the importance of investments in the performance of firms, this work proposes two objectives: to describe the evolution of the profitability of manufacturing companies in Uruguay in 2010-2017, and to verify to what extent this profitability depends on changes in the size and cost structure of companies, that is, identifying the mechanism that pulls between size and profitability. To do this, it uses an accounting database of 595 manufacturing companies. The results obtained show, first of all, that the Uruguayan industry has experienced a continuous decrease in its profitability, in all areas. Secondly, predominantly, the increase in business size has led to a negative effect on profitability. This effect operates through an increase in the relative weight of costs in income and a decrease in stock rotation. As a by-product of the main research, when using the quintile stratification technique, it was observed that the signatures of the largest stratum are on average 10 times larger than those of the lower stratum and 44 times larger on average than those of the remaining three strata. JEL: M10

Resumen Dada la importancia de las inversiones en la marcha de las firmas, este trabajo se propone dos objetivos: describir la evolución de la rentabilidad de las empresas manufactureras en Uruguay en 2010-2017, y verificar en qué medida esta rentabilidad depende de los cambios en el tamaño y de la estructura de costos de las empresas, es decir identificar el mecanismo que tracciona entre el tamaño y la rentabilidad. Para ello, se vale de una base de datos contables de 595 empresas manufactureras. Los resultados obtenidos muestran en primer lugar que la industria uruguaya ha experimentado un continuo decrecimiento de su rentabilidad, en todos los rubros. En segundo lugar, de forma predominante, el aumento del tamaño empresarial ha provocado un efecto negativo en la rentabilidad. Ese efecto opera a través de una reducción de los márgenes porcentuales y una baja en la rotación de stocks. Como subproducto de la investigación principal, al utilizar la técnica de estratificación por quintiles, se observó que las firmas del estrato más grande son en promedio 10 veces más grandes que las del estrato inferior y 44 veces más grandes en promedio que las de los restantes tres estratos. JEL: M10

Résumé Compte tenu de l’importance des investissements dans la performance des entreprises, cet article propose deux objectifs : décrire l’évolution de la rentabilité des entreprises manufacturières en Uruguay en 2010-2017, et vérifier dans quelle mesure cette rentabilité dépend de l’évolution de la taille et de la structure des coûts des entreprises, c’est-à-dire identifier le mécanisme qui tient-il entre taille et rentabilité. Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur une base de données comptable de 595 entreprises manufacturières. Les résultats obtenus montrent tout d’abord que l’industrie uruguayenne a connu une baisse continue de sa rentabilité, dans tous les domaines. Deuxièmement, l’augmentation de la taille des entreprises a eu un effet négatif sur la rentabilité. Cet effet se traduit par une réduction des marges en pourcentage et une diminution de la rotation des stocks. En tant que sous-produit de la recherche principale, en utilisant la technique de stratification quintile, il a été observé que les signatures de la plus grande strate sont en moyenne 10 fois plus grandes que celles de la strate inférieure et 44 fois plus grandes en moyenne que celles des trois autres strates. JEL: M10

Resumo Dada a importância dos investimentos no desempenho das firmas, este artigo tem dois objetivos: descrever a evolução da rentabilidade das empresas manufatureiras no Uruguai em 2010-2017 e verificar em que medida essa rentabilidade depende de mudanças no tamanho e na estrutura de custos das empresas, ou seja, identificar o mecanismo que puxa entre tamanho e lucratividade. Para isso, utiliza um banco de dados contábil de 595 empresas de manufatura. Os resultados obtidos mostram, em primeiro lugar, que a indústria uruguaia tem experimentado uma queda contínua em sua lucratividade, em todas as áreas. Em segundo lugar, predominantemente, o aumento da dimensão da empresa teve um efeito negativo sobre a rentabilidade. Esse efeito opera por meio da redução das margens percentuais e da diminuição do giro de estoque. Como subproduto da pesquisa principal, utilizando a técnica de estratificação quintil, observou-se que as assinaturas do estrato maior são, em média, 10 vezes maiores que as do estrato inferior e 44 vezes maiores em média que as dos três estratos restantes. JEL: M10

Abstract Chicán is a small rural community of Mayan origin located in the Yucatan Peninsula, known as “the village of the deaf” due to the high prevalence of profound deafness. The objective of this study was to determine the inbreeding coefficient in the Chicán community using the method of marital isonymy as a strategy to explain the population structure and the high prevalence of profound congenital deafness. Data collection was conducted through surveys of 219 individuals residing in Chicán. Forty different surnames were recorded, with 30 of them being of Mayan origin. 23.3% of the sample presented isonymous surnames, with Collí (94.1%) being the most frequent. The inbreeding coefficient observed was 0.0585, while the random component (Fr = 0.0571) was 38 times greater than the non-random component (Fn = 0.0015). Eighteen individuals with profound congenital deafness were recorded, of whom 11 were isonymous for the surname Collí. The results indicate that consanguineous unions in Chicán are primarily due to the small population size and its relative isolation. The high prevalence of profound deafness in Chicán may be a consequence of consanguinity, which predisposes to the appearance of recessive hereditary disorders.

Resumen Chicán es una pequeña comunidad rural de origen maya ubicada en la península de Yucatán, conocida como “el pueblo de los sordos” por la alta prevalencia de sordera profunda. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el coeficiente de consanguinidad en la comunidad de Chicán utilizando el método de isonimia marital como estrategia para explicar la estructura poblacional y la alta prevalencia de sordera congénita profunda. El registro de los datos se realizó mediante encuestas a 219 individuos residentes de Chicán. Se registraron 40 apellidos diferentes, de ellos 30 son de origen maya. El 23,3% de la muestra presentó apellidos isonímicos, siendo Collí (94,1%) el más frecuente. La consanguinidad total observada fue de 0,0585, mientras que el componente aleatorio (Fr = 0,0571) fue 38 veces mayor que el componente no aleatorio (Fn = 0,0015). Se registraron 18 personas con sordera congénita profunda, de las cuales 11 fueron isonímicas para el apellido Collí. Los resultados indican que las uniones consanguíneas en Chicán se deben principalmente al pequeño tamaño de la población y a su relativo aislamiento. La alta prevalencia de sordera profunda en Chicán puede ser consecuencia de la consanguinidad, la cual predispone a la aparición de trastornos hereditarios recesivos.

Resumen La composición societaria y económica de las empresas activas longevas (mayores a 25 años) dentro de la Zona 8 del ordenamiento territorial el Ecuador al año 2022 es diversa y compleja. Para analizar esta dinámica se aplica un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal con base inductiva y cuantitativa a través de la recopilación documental en bases de datos de carácter oficial. Una vez analizadas 4.449 organizaciones, la investigación arroja que tan solo una logra superar el siglo de existencia y que el tamaño más representativo corresponde a microempresas, lo que da cuenta del bajo nivel de crecimiento no solo de sus ingresos totales sino también de su estructura organizacional.

Abstract The corporate and economic composition of long-lived active companies (over 25 years) within Zone 8 of Ecuador's territorial ordering by the year 2022 is diverse and complex. To analyze this dynamic, a descriptive cross-sectional study with an inductive and quantitative basis is applied through documentary collection in official databases. After analyzing 4,449 companies, the research shows that only one of them manages to exceed a century of existence and that the most representative size corresponds to micro-enterprises, which accounts for the low level of growth not only of their total income but also of their organizational structure.

ABSTRACT This study examines the distributional behavior of the anchovy (Engraulis ringens) in the area between latitudes 06° 00´ and 11° 59´ S during four research activities conducted by Imarpe from February to June 2022. This area was initially restricted in the first fishing season due to the high presence of juvenile specimens. The purpose was to observe the redistribution of anchovy to propose management measures for fisheries sustainability. During activities 1 and 2, a high concentration and abundance of anchovy were observed, while in activities 3 and 4, the anchovy dispersed, migrating towards areas away from the coast. This variability in distribution affected energetic and morphometric descriptors, with high values during high concentrations and lower values when it was dispersed. In the coastal strip of the 55.56 km (30 nautical miles), there was an overlap of juveniles and adults, with normal somatic growth between activities 1 and 4. The main modes in each activity were 8.5, 10, 9.5, and 10.5 cm, respectively. Biomass varied from 6.86 million tons in activity 1 to 3.00 million tons in activity 4, influenced by oceanographic conditions and chlorophyll-a productivity.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented many children with neurodevelopmental disorders from accessing face-to-face treatments. Tele-rehabilitation grew at this time as an alternative therapeutic tool. In this study we analyzed remote cognitive rehabilitation in neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: This was a prospective, quasi-experimental (before-after) study that included 22 patients (mean age 9.41 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders who had telerehabilitation for over six months. Results: After six months of telerehabilitation, a statistically significant improvement was found with a large effect size in these areas: attention (sustained, selective and divided), executive functions (verbal and visual working memory, categorization, processing speed), visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia) and language (comprehensive and expressive). On the Weiss Functional Impairment Scale, all areas (family, learning and school, self-concept, activities of daily living, risk activities) improved with statistical significance. We found a positive correlation between the number of sessions and the improvement observed in executive functions (visual working memory, processing speed), attention (sustained attention, divided attention) and visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia). We did not find statistical significance between the family structure and the number of sessions carried out. A high degree of perception of improvement and satisfaction was observed in the parents. Conclusions: Telerehabilitation is a safe alternative tool which, although it does not replace face-to-face therapy, can achieve significant cognitive and functional improvements in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las medidas de distanciamiento social debidas a la pandemia por COVID-19 impidieron que muchos chicos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo pudieran acceder a tratamientos presenciales. La telerrehabilitación creció en este tiempo como una herramienta terapéutica alternativa. El objetivo es analizar la telerrehXbilitación cognitiva en trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Métodos: En este estudio prospectivo, cuasi-experimental (antes-después), se incluyó a 22 pacientes (media de edad, 9,41 arios) con trastornos del neurodesarrollo que realizaron telerrehabilitación con el programa Rehametrics por más de 6 meses. Resultados: Luego de 6 meses de telerrahabilitación, se constató una mejoría estadísticamente significativa con un gran tamaño del efecto en áreas de: atención (sostenida, selectiva y dividida), funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo verbal y visual, categorización, velocidad de procesamiento), habilidades visuoespaciales (orientación espacial, integración perceptiva, percepción, simultagnosia) y lenguaje (comprensivo y expresivo). En la Escala de Impedimento Funcional de Weiss mejoraron con significancia estadística todas las áreas (familia, aprendizaje y escuela, autoconcepto, actividades de la vida diaria, actividades de riesgo). Se constata una correlación positiva entre la cantidad de sesiones y la mejoría observada en funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo visual, velocidad de procesamiento), atencionales (atención sostenida, atención dividida) y habilidades visuoespaciales (orientación espacial, integración perceptiva, percepción, simultagnosia). No encontramos significancia estadística entre la estructura familiar y la cantidad de sesiones realizadas. Se observó un alto grado de percepción de mejora y satisfacción en los padres. Conclusiones: La telerrehabilitación puede ser una herramienta alternativa segura que, sin reemplazar la presencialidad, puede lograr mejoras cognitivas y funcionales significativas en niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo.

Abstract The objective is to analyze the impact of leverage (short- and long-term debt), capital structure, solvency, Returns on Assets (ROA), and firm size on the stock returns of 52 firms quoted in Mexican stock market (BMV) for the period 2011(1Q)-2021(2Q). Methodology includes three panel approaches are implemented: Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS), Fixed-Effect Model (FEM) and Random Effect Model (REM). Findings suggest a statistically significant negative effect of firm size stock returns, whereas there is a statistically significant and positive impact of ROA and solvency on stock returns. We recommend that, investors should pay attention, not only, to company size and profitability-related indicators, but also to indebtedness, to prices reflect the risk associated with the assets. The originality lies in the fact that the issue of capital structure and its impact on the market value of Mexican companies has been scarcely studied, and an extensive sample of companies is used, and various panel data methodologies are also used to compare the results. We conclude that, the size and profitability indicators have a significant effect on the stock returns, but the leverage does not.

Resumen El objetivo es analizar el impacto del apalancamiento (deuda de corto y largo plazo), el Retorno sobre Activos (ROA) y el tamaño de la empresa sobre los rendimientos accionarios de 52 empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV) para el periodo 2011(1T)-2021(2T). En la metodología, se implementan tres modelos panel: Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios Agrupados (MCO), Modelo de Efectos Fijos (MEF) y Modelo de Efectos Aleatorios (REM). Los resultados sugieren un efecto negativo estadísticamente significativo del tamaño de la empresa sobre el rendimiento de las acciones, mientras que existe un impacto positivo y estadísticamente significativo del ROA y la solvencia sobre el rendimiento de las acciones. La principal recomendación es que, los inversores presten atención, no solo al tamaño y rentabilidad de la empresa, sino también al nivel de endeudamiento, de tal forma que, los precios del mercado reflejen mejor el nivel de riesgo asociado a los diversos activos. La principal limitación es que, dada la disponibilidad de los datos, solamente se abarca empresas cotizadas en la bolsa, por lo que, no se sabe cuál es el efecto en empresas de menor tamaño. La originalidad radica en que la estructura de capital y su impacto en el valor de mercado de las empresas mexicanas ha sido escasamente estudiado. Además, se utiliza una amplia muestra de empresas, así como diversas metodologías de datos de panel para comparar los resultados. Se concluye que sí hay impacto significativo del tamaño y rentabilidad operativa, pero no hay impacto significativo del nivel endeudamiento en los rendimientos accionarios de las empresas de la BMV.

School readiness assessments in South Africa still predominantly focus on the assessment of cognitive skills. The Emotional Social Screening Tool for School Readiness (E3SR) was developed to bridge the perceived gap in assessing emotional-social skills as a domain of school readiness. An emerging body of research reports exists on the psychometric properties and factor structure of the E3SR. An initial validation study recommended a 6-factor solution instead of the theoretical 9-factor model that was proposed in the development of the E3SR. The E3SR (Revised) was also reduced in length. We report here on a pilot study of which the aim was to establish the reliability and construct validity of the E3SR (Revised). A cross-sectional survey design was used to gather data from 9 pre-schools in Cape Town, South Africa. Pre-school teachers (n = 24) constituted the respondent group who completed the E3SR (Revised) screening questionnaires on Grade R learners (n = 394). Analysis was conducted on 321 completed screening questionnaires. With the data analysis we aimed to: a) summarise sample characteristics of teachers and children; b) establish reliability estimates; and c) establish construct validity and confirming the factor structure. Ethics clearance was given by the Humanities and Social Science Research Ethics Committee (HSSREC) of the University of the Western Cape. The study adhered to stipulated ethics requirements. Data failed to show multivariate normality; however, this violation of normality was expected and was theoretically supported. The sample size (n = 321) was sufficient for factor analysis of a 36-item scale. All subscales showed excellent reliability: Cronbach's alphas ranged between .939 and .971. CFA results demonstrated a good model fit. The E3SR (Revised) was found to be reliable and valid for use. The use of a rigorous methodological process including the decision-making matrix represent good research practice that can be used in instrument development across cultures.

Abstract The relative growth on spiny lobster Panulirus gracilis was analyzed a multimodel selection approach and Akaike information theory. In the carried out samples at the landing commercial of spiny lobster, at the south of Sinaloa, Mexico during season 2014 and 2015, and 2017 and 2018. In 298 female P. gracilis individuals were measures caparace length (CL) mm, total weight (W) g, and gonad maturity stages. The structure sizes between 54.6 to 103.1 mm CL. The organism minor size mature was 57.5 mm CL but maturity percent stages rise on larger sizes. The best model was broken stick (Wi = 65.09%) but also two segments has statistic support (Wi=34.87%). A differential relative growth in both models, coincident with a rise in the percent gonad maturity toward big sizes in P. gracilis.

Resumen Se analizó el crecimiento relativo de langosta espinosa Panulirus gracilis, con un enfoque de selección multimodelo y la teoría de la información de Akaike. Se realizaron muestreos en capturas comerciales de langosta espinosa del sur de Sinaloa, México entre las temporadas de pesca de 2014 y 2015 y, 2017 y 2018. En 298 hembras de P. gracilis se registró la longitud cefalotórax (LC) mm, peso total (PT) g y fase de madurez gonádica. La estructura de tallas varió de 54.6 a 103.1 mm de LC. Se observaron hembras maduras a partir de 57.5 mm de LC, con un incremento de proporción de madurez en tallas mayores. El mejor modelo fue Línea Rota (Wi=65.09%) y Dos Segmentos (Wi%=34.87). El cambio en el crecimiento relativo a la talla en ambos modelos, coincidió con un incremento en la proporción de madurez en tallas mayores a 60 mm de LC en P. gracilis.