Abstract Introduction: Experiences of racial-ethnic discrimination are social stressors that affect the mental health of those who suffer it. Although it is a current phenomenon, few studies have examined the effects of discrimination on mental health in Peru and Latin America. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of neuroticism and anger in the relationship between experiences of discrimination and dark personality traits in a Peruvian population. Method: A total of 632 participants between 18 and 63 years of age participated (M = 25.03; SD = 8.03). The Experiences of Discrimination Scale (EOD), the items measuring neuroticism from the Big Five Inventory - 10 (BFI-10), the Anger Propensity Scale (APS - G) and the Dirty Dozen Dark Triad (DDDT) were used. An explanatory model was created using structural regression. Results: The model fit was excellent (CFI = .975, TLI = .970, RMSEA = .043 y SRMR = .051), showing that discrimination experiences have a direct effect on neuroticism, which robustly predicts anger proneness and this, in turn, is more predictive of Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy, respectively. Conclusion: Neuroticism and anger are serial mediators in the relationship between discrimination experiences and dark personality traits.

Resumen Introducción: Las experiencias de discriminación étnico-raciales son estresores sociales que afectan la salud mental de quienes las sufren. A pesar de que se trata de un fenómeno vigente, los trabajos que han examinado los efectos de la discriminación en la salud mental en Perú y Latinoamérica son escasos. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este estudio es explorar el rol mediador del neuroticismo y la ira en la relación entre las experiencias de discriminación y los rasgos de personalidad oscuros en población peruana. Método: Se contó con la participación de 632 personas con edades de entre 18 y 63 años (M = 25.03; DE = 8.03). Se utilizaron la Escala de Experiencias de Discriminación (EOD), los ítems que miden neuroticismo del Big Five Inventory - 10 (BFI-10), la Escala de Propensión a la Ira (APS - G) y la Dirty Dozen Dark Triad (DDDT). Mediante regresión estructural se creó un modelo explicativo. Resultados: El ajuste del modelo fue excelente (CFI = .975, TLI = .970, RMSEA = .043 y SRMR = .051) y mostró que las experiencias de discriminación tienen un efecto directo sobre el neuroticismo, el cual predice de manera robusta la propensión a la ira, y esta, a su vez, es predictora, en mayor medida, del maquiavelismo, el narcisismo y la psicopatía, respectivamente. Conclusión: El neuroticismo y la ira son mediadores seriados en la relación entre las experiencias de discriminación y los rasgos oscuros de personalidad.

Abstract Introduction: Various anthropic pressures affect the aquatic ecosystems of the foothills of Colombia. The response to environmental stressors is still unknown in bioindicator organisms such as Leptohyphidae. Objective: To determine the diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs of the Quenane-Quenanito river, in two contrasting hydrological periods and its relationship with some physicochemical variables. Methods: In December (2014) and February (2015), organisms were collected with a Surber net at six stations along the current. Alpha and beta diversity was analyzed and redundancy analysis and generalized linear model were applied to establish the relationship between taxa and environmental variables. Results: Were identified 369 organisms belonging to four genera (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis, and Tricorythodes), two species, and eight morphospecies. Amanahyphes saguassu is reported for the first time for the Meta department. High diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs was recorded in the transition to drought season and greater abundance in drought. Beta diversity indicated that the configuration of the assemblage changes spatially and temporally. Conclusions: Leptohyphidae organisms prefer fast habitats, particularly in the dry period where they find food (leaf litter, detritus) and shelter to establish themselves successfully; anthropic activities such as urbanization notably affect diversity. The high diversity recorded in this small river in the foothills of the plains reflects the need to increase this type of works and collection efforts of study material in the region.

Resumen Introducción: Varias presiones antrópicas sufren los ecosistemas acuáticos del piedemonte llanero en Colombia. La respuesta a estresores ambientales aún se desconoce en organismos bioindicadores como Leptohyphidae. Objetivo: Determinar la diversidad de ninfas de Leptohyphidae del río Quenane-Quenanito, en dos periodos hidrológicos contrastantes y su relación con algunas variables fisicoquímicas. Métodos: En diciembre (2014) y febrero (2015) se recolectaron organismos con red Surber en seis estaciones a lo largo del río. Se analizó la diversidad alfa y beta y se aplicó análisis de redundancia y modelos lineales generalizados con el fin de establecer la relación entre los taxones y las variables ambientales. Resultados: Se identificaron 369 organismos pertenecientes a cuatro géneros (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis y Tricorythodes), dos especies y ocho morfoespecies. Se reporta por primera vez para el departamento del Meta Amanahyphes saguassu. Se registró la mayor diversidad de ninfas en la transición a la sequía y la mayor abundancia en sequía. La diversidad beta señaló que la configuración del ensamblaje cambia a nivel espacial y temporal. Conclusiones: Los organismos de Leptohyphidae prefieren hábitats de corrientes, particularmente en el periodo de sequía, donde hallan alimento (hojarasca, detritos) y refugio para establecerse exitosamente; actividades antrópicas como la urbanización afectan notablemente la diversidad. La alta diversidad registrada en este pequeño río de piedemonte llanero refleja la necesidad de incrementar este tipo de trabajos y esfuerzos de recolección de material de estudio en la región.

ABSTRACT Having in mind food security and the fact that basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is used as fresh seasoning, the development of innovative technologies for its cultivation is required. This study aimed to isolate and characterize plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates from basil rhizospheric soil and monitor the effects of their application on basil growth under different water stress conditions. Isolation, determination of isolates biochemical and PGP properties, evaluation of isolates influences on seed germination and parameters of growth of basil plant, growing under well-watered conditions (70% water holding capacity, WHC), under water deficit stress (35% WHC), and flooded conditions (95% WHC), were done. A total of five representative bacterial isolates were selected: Two Azotobacter isolates (A13, A14), one Pseudomonas isolate (P57), and two Bacillus isolates (B79, B82). The results of this experiment revealed that rhizospheric bacteria of O. basilicum L. var. minimum have multiple biochemical and PGP properties. The most intensive reactions on tested abiotic stressors - drought (higher total phenolics, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde content) and flooding (higher superoxide dismutase activity) - were from basil plants inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. P57 isolate, yet along with Azotobacter sp. isolate A13. The highest number of germinated seeds was obtained with the A13 isolate (96.0%), while the highest response for vigour index was observed with Azotobacter isolates (7200.0% and 5628.0%). In well-watered conditions, basil mass inoculated with P57 was 34.2% higher than control. In drought-stressed conditions, plant mass inoculated with A13 isolate was 90% higher than control. In flooded-stressed conditions, the plant mass inoculated with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas isolates increased by more than 100%.

Resumen La alta demanda laboral impuesta por la naturaleza del emprendimiento puede resultar abrumadora. Los trabajadores autónomos suelen asumir múltiples roles, desde la gestión financiera hasta las operaciones diarias, en un entorno empresarial no siempre favorable. Esta acumulación de responsabilidades, además de un desafío práctico, impacta de manera significativa la capacidad de los emprendedores para manejar eficazmente el estrés. Desde esta perspectiva, el estudio tiene como objetivo analizar implicaciones de factores internos y externos que influyen en las manifestaciones de estrés de los trabajadores autónomos, fundadores de pequeñas empresas en la provincia Manabí, Ecuador. Utilizando una metodología cuantitativa y aplicando regresión logística, los resultados revelan una significativa afectación en los niveles de estrés de este colectivo, sobre todo, por las deudas adquiridas, las extensas horas laboradas que limitan el ocio y el bienestar familiar y algunos obstáculos de índole externo como el acceso a la financiación, regulaciones aduaneras y comerciales, la competencia, la ausencia de demanda y la incertidumbre económica. Este estudio no solo proporciona una visión profunda de las experiencias de estrés de los trabajadores autónomos, sino que también destaca la necesidad urgente de políticas específicas que aborden estos desafíos y fomenten un entorno empresarial más saludable.

Abstract The high labor demand imposed by the nature of the venture can be overwhelming. Freelancers often take on multiple roles, from financial management to daily operations, in a business environment that is not always favorable. This accumulation of responsibilities, in addition to being a practical challenge, significantly impacts entrepreneurs' ability to effectively manage stress. From this perspective, the study aims to analyze the implications of internal and external factors that influence the manifestations of stress of self-employed workers, founders of small businesses in the province of Manabí, Ecuador. Using a quantitative methodology and applying logistic regression, the results reveal a significant impact on the stress levels of this group, especially due to the debts acquired, the long hours worked that limit leisure and family well-being, and some external obstacles. such as access to financing, customs and trade regulations, competition, lack of demand and economic uncertainty. This study not only provides deep insight into the stress experiences of freelancers, but also highlights the urgent need for targeted policies that address these challenges and foster a healthier business environment.

Resumen Los estudiantes universitarios comúnmente se ven sometidos a situaciones estresantes que repercuten directa e indirectamente en el desarrollo de conductas saludables. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la influencia del estrés académico sobre la conducta de salud en los estudiantes de un centro universitario de Lima Metropolitana. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, cuantitativo y correlacional, en donde se aplicó el Cuestionario de Conductas de Salud en Jóvenes Universitarios (CEV-JU) y el Inventario SISCO-21 de estrés académico, a 708 estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron que los síntomas de estrés, las estrategias de afrontamiento y los estresores se asociaron significativamente con la conducta de salud a nivel general y algunas dimensiones. Asimismo, se halló que los predictores de los resultados más significativos de la conducta de salud fueron las estrategias de afrontamiento y las dimensiones de síntomas. Esto muestra la importancia de diseñar y aplicar programas e intervenciones dirigidas a gestionar adecuadamente el estrés para fomentar hábitos saludables en los universitarios.

Abstract University students are commonly subjected to stressful situations that have a direct and indirect impact on the development of healthy behaviors. This research aims to determine the influence of academic stress on health behavior in students at a university center in Metropolitan Lima. A non-experimental, quantitative and correlational study was carried out, where the Health Behavior Questionnaire in Young University Students (CEV-JU) and the SISCO-21 Inventory of academic stress were applied to 708 students. The results showed that stress symptoms, coping strategies and stressors were significantly associated with health behavior at a general level and some dimensions. Likewise, it was found that the predictors of the most significant health behavior outcomes were coping strategies and symptom dimensions. This shows the importance of designing and applying programs and interventions aimed at adequately managing stress to promote healthy habits in university students.

RESUMEN Introducción: El personal de enfermería está expuesto a diversos factores estresantes, como la atención a pacientes, la coordinación y la relación con otros profesionales de la salud, sumado a una alta carga laboral y, algunas veces desarrollando las actividades en entornos laborales desfavorables que pueden afectar su desempeño y causar problemas de salud. Así mismo, se ha descrito que estos trabajadores están sometidos a situaciones de acoso laboral, que pueden tener efectos graves en las organizaciones y en la salud de quienes la padecen. Objetivo: Identificar prácticas de acoso laboral en el personal de enfermería en la ciudad de Bogotá. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en la ciudad de Bogotá, a través de un instrumento para medir el acoso laboral, que consta de 44 ítems que evalúa siete dimensiones: ninguneo-aislamiento profesional; degradación profesional; rechazo profesional y violación de la intimidad; desprestigio profesional y humillación y rechazo personal, a través de una escala Likert de cinco ítems. Resultados: Este estudio encontró que el 85 % de los participantes manifestó haber sido víctima de alguna forma de acoso en el trabajo. Las formas más frecuentes reportadas fueron el desprestigio profesional, la degradación profesional, el ninguneo-aislamiento profesional, la humillación y, finalmente el rechazo profesional y la violación de la intimidad. Conclusiones: El acoso laboral contra el personal de enfermería, es una realidad que se evidenció en este trabajo de investigación. Es imperativo establecer estrategias para tratar de eliminar o disminuir este fenómeno que impacta de forma negativa a los trabajadores de la salud y a las instituciones donde laboran.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The nursing staff is exposed to various stressors, such as patient care, coordination and relationship with other health professionals, added to a high workload and, sometimes developing their activities in unfavorable work environments that can affect their performance and cause health problems. Likewise, it has been described that these workers are subjected to situations of workplace harassment, which can have serious effects on organizations and on the health of those who suffer from it. Objective: To identify workplace harassment practices in nursing personnel in the city of Bogotá. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Bogotá, through an instrument to measure workplace bullying, which consists of 44 items that assesses seven dimensions: no-professional isolation; professional degradation; professional rejection and violation of privacy; professional discredit and personal humiliation and rejection, using a five-item Likert scale. Results: This study found that 85% of the participants stated that they had been the victim of some form of harassment at work. The most frequent forms reported were professional discredit, professional degradation, professional isolation, humiliation, and finally professional rejection and violation of privacy. Conclusions: Workplace harassment against nursing staff is a reality that was evidenced in this research work. It is imperative to establish strategies to try to eliminate or reduce this phenomenon that negatively impacts health workers and the institutions where they work.

ABSTRACT. Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) seagrasses are composed of three genera and four species: Halophila baillonii, Halodule beaudettei, Halodule wrightii, and Ruppia maritima. These are colonizing seagrass species and meadows in the ETP can be ephemeral. Current seagrass distribution in this region remains unknown, with verified extant presence at a limited number of locations and mapping heavily reliant on historical reports. Suitable environmental conditions for seagrasses in the ETP consist of sheltered bays <10 m depth with fine sediment, 19-35 salinity, 26-32°C temperature, and water transparency of up to 10 m Secchi depth. In this region, seagrass organic carbon (OC) biomass pools (<0.2 Mg ha-1) have been reported from three locations, while sediment bulk density (<1.4 g mL-1) and OC (<24 Mg ha-1) have been reported from eight locations, all found on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Recent blue carbon reports from the ETP have not been included in global assessments to date. OC sequestration and sediment accumulation rates are currently unknown. Seagrasses provide key ecosystem services yet they are also threatened by anthropogenic and natural stressors. Seagrasses have already disappeared from two locations within the ETP, with restoration efforts currently underway on the northern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. This overview of our current understanding of seagrasses in the ETP and their services highlights the need for further research in this understudied region.

Abstract Background: Although drought and defoliation increase the risk of death of the seedlings in tropical dry forests, few studies have evaluated the impact of this combined factors on the response of species. Questions: What is the seedling water management strategy and how does it affect their growth? How does the combination of drought and defoliation impact the growth of the species? Studied species: Guazuma ulmifoliaLam andPithecellobium dulce(Roxb.) Benth. Study sites and dates: The study was carried out in Autlán, Jalisco, México, between October 2021 and February 2022. Methods: In a greenhouse, the seedlings were submitted to four combined water availability and defoliation treatments. The stomatal conductance and leaf water potential were recorded, and the relative growth rate, final biomass, and biomass allocation were calculated. Results: G. ulmifoliashowed to be an anisohydric species, registered higher growth, and was the most affected by drought, whileP. dulcewas more isohydric, registered lower growth and defoliation was the main stressor. The synergy between Drought × Defoliation negatively impacted the two species' relative growth rate. Conclusions: Regardless of the water management strategy, in the early phases of development, the impact of drought and defoliation was magnified when stressors interacted. Therefore, Drought × Defoliation can limit the regeneration of species within forests, promoting the loss of biodiversity and detriment to the functioning of ecosystems.

Resumen Antecedentes: Aunque la sequía y la defoliación incrementan el riesgo de muerte de las plántulas en los bosques tropicales secos, pocos estudios han evaluado la respuesta de las especies forestales con la combinación de estos factores. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la estrategia de uso del agua de las plántulas y cómo afecta su crecimiento? ¿Cuál es el impacto de la combinación de Sequía × Defoliación sobre el crecimiento de las especies? Especies estudiadas: Guazuma ulmifolia Lam y Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Sitio y año de estudio: Autlán, Jalisco, México, entre octubre del 2021 y febrero del 2022. Métodos: En invernadero, las plántulas se sometieron a cuatro tratamientos combinados de disponibilidad de agua y defoliación. Se registró la conductancia estomática y el potencial hídrico de la hoja, y se calculó la tasa de crecimiento relativa, biomasa final y asignación de biomasa. Resultados: G. ulmifolia mostró ser anisohídrica, registró mayor crecimiento y fue más afectada por la sequía, mientras que P. dulce fue más isohídrica, registró menor crecimiento y la defoliación fue el principal estresor. El impacto de la Sequía × Defoliación fue de sinergia en la tasa de crecimiento relativa en ambas especies. Conclusión: Independientemente de la estrategia de uso de agua, en las primeras fases de desarrollo, el impacto de la sequía y defoliación se magnificó cuando interactuaron los estresores. La Sequía × Defoliación pueden limitar la regeneración de las especies dentro de los bosques, promoviendo la pérdida de la biodiversidad y el detrimento del funcionamiento de los ecosistemas.

ABSTRACT Academic stress is suffered by secondary and higher education students, whose stressors are related to the academic demands they will face during their school/university activities. The objective of the present study was to describe and compare the level of academic stress among physical education pedagogy students in Chile according to sex and year of study. For this purpose, the SISCO Academic Stress Inventory was applied to a sample of 286 students from two universities in Santiago, Chile. The results reveal mild stress levels in the sample, with higher levels in women and during the last years of the teaching degree. The main stressful situation is not understanding the topics addressed in class. The most common physical reaction to stress is scratching and biting nails, the most common psychological reaction to stress is concentration problems, and the most common behavioural reaction to stress is to increase or decrease food consumption. Finally, assertive skills are the most used strategy to face stressful situations. More research is recommended with samples from other universities and other teaching programmes to delve deeper into this topic.

RESUMEN El estrés académico es aquel que padece el alumnado de educación secundaria y superior, cuyas fuentes estresoras se relacionan con las exigencias académicas a las que se verán sometidos durante sus actividades escolares/universitarias. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir y comparar el nivel de estrés académicos entre el estudiantado de pedagogía en educación física de Chile, según sexo y año de carrera. Para ello se aplicó el Inventario SISCO de estrés académico a una muestra de 286 estudiantes de dos universidades de Santiago, Chile. Los resultados revelan niveles medios de estrés en la muestra, con mayores niveles en las mujeres, y en los últimos años de carrera. La principal situación estresora es no entender los temas que se abordan en la clase; mientras que la reacción física más común frente al estrés es rascarse, morderse las uñas, la reacción psicológica más común frente al estrés son los problemas de concentración, en tanto que la reacción comportamental más común frente al estrés es aumentar o disminuir el consumo de alimentos. Finalmente, la habilidad asertiva es la estrategia más utilizada para enfrentar situaciones de estrés. Se recomiendan más investigaciones con muestras de otras universidades y otras carreras de pedagogía para profundizar en este tema.

Abstract Academic stress is the side effect of various demands and demands that college students face. The general objective of the study was to know and explain the benefit of implementing a program of active breaks to reduce academic stress in students of the Bachelor of Physiotherapy during the school period from January to December 2022, identifying the academic stressors. The investigation was mixed, the SISCO-VS 21 Inventory and a program of active breaks were applied; the sample consisted of 107 students, the sampling was non-probabilistic at convenience; the study was attached to the codes and deontological guidelines of Research, informed consent was applied. It was found that 70.1% are female and 29.9% male, with a mean of 24.3 years of age; 99% presented academic stress, with an average of 3.5 on a scale of one to five; the stressors predominate the overload of homework and school work (38.8%) and level of demand from my teachers (38.3%); the manifestations predominate reluctance to do school work (32.7%) and drowsiness or greater need to sleep (29.9%); coping strategies, listening to music or watching television (32.7%). The application of the active breaks program had a 95.66% decrease in stress and anxiety, increased concentration; rating it pleasant (30.4%), very pleasant (26%), excellent (39.1%). A high percentage of academic stress due to overload and demand from teachers was evidenced, the implementation of active breaks obtained acceptance and positive benefits.

Resumo O estresse acadêmico é o efeito colateral de várias demandas e demandas que os estudantes universitários enfrentam. O objetivo geral do estudo foi conhecer e explicar o benefício da implementação de um programa de pausas ativas para redução do estresse acadêmico em alunos do Bacharelado em Fisioterapia durante o período letivo de janeiro a dezembro de 2022, identificando os estressores acadêmicos. A investigação foi mista, foi aplicado o Inventário SISCO-VS 21 e um programa de pausas ativas; a amostra foi composta por 107 alunos, a amostragem foi não probabilística por conveniência; o estudo foi anexado aos códigos e diretrizes deontológicas de Pesquisa, foi aplicado o consentimento informado. Verificou-se que 70,1% são do sexo feminino e 29,9% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 24,3 anos; 99% apresentaram estresse acadêmico, com média de 3,5 em uma escala de um a cinco; os estressores predominam a sobrecarga de tarefas e trabalhos escolares (38,8%) e nível de exigência dos meus professores (38,3%); nas manifestações predominam a relutância em fazer trabalhos escolares (32,7%) e sonolência ou maior necessidade de dormir (29,9%); estratégias de coping, ouvir música ou ver televisão (32,7%). A aplicação do programa de pausas ativas teve redução de 95,66% no estresse e na ansiedade, aumento da concentração; avaliando agradável (30,4%), muito agradável (26%), excelente (39,1%). Evidenciou-se alto percentual de estresse acadêmico por sobrecarga e exigência dos professores, a implementação de pausas ativas obteve aceitação e benefícios positivos.

Resumen El estrés académico es el efecto colateral generado debido a diversas exigencias y demandas a las que los estudiantes universitarios se enfrentan. Por eso, el objetivo general del estudio fue conocer y explicar el beneficio de la implementación de un programa de pausas activas para la disminución del estrés académico en los estudiantes de la licenciatura en Fisioterapia durante el periodo escolar de enero a diciembre del 2022. La investigación fue mixta y se aplicó el inventario SISCO-VS 21, así como un programa de pausas activas. La muestra estuvo conformada por 107 estudiantes, mientras que el muestreo fue no probabilístico a conveniencia. El estudio estuvo apegado a los códigos y lineamientos deontológicos de investigación, por lo que se requirió el consentimiento informado. Los resultados demuestran que el 70.1 % de los participantes son del género femenino y el 29.9 % masculino, con una media de 24.3 años de edad. Además, el 99 % presentaron estrés académico, con una media de 3.5 de una escala de uno al cinco. En cuanto a los estresores, predominan la sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos escolares (38.8 %), así como el nivel de exigencia de los profesores/as (38.3 %). En lo relacionado con las manifestaciones, predomina el desgano por realizar las labores escolares (32.7 %) y la somnolencia o mayor necesidad de dormir (29.9 %), mientras que las estrategias de afrontamiento son escuchar música o ver televisión (32.7 %). La aplicación del programa de pausas activas tuvo el 95.66 % de disminución de estrés y ansiedad, así como un aumento de la concentración. La actividad propuesta fue calificada como agradable (30.4 %), muy agradable (26 %) y excelente (39.1 %).

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic represented a radical change in the educational modality, consequently, it had repercussions in different aspects for the students, generating as a consequence stress, which for the present work is studied from the congoscitivist approach. The objective was to identify the level of academic stress during the Covid-19 pandemic in Business Management Engineering students in the state of Hidalgo in order to make a comparative study. By means of an empirical, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental and explanatory study, the survey was used as a method of data collection, adapting the SISCO SV Academic Stress Inventory questionnaire adapted to the context of Covid-19, which was applied to a sample of 344 Business Management Engineering students from Hidalgo, Mexico. The results indicate that in both institutions more than 71% of the student body presented a high level of academic stress, also, it is identified that the greatest stressor is the overload of tasks and work, as well as the performance of written evaluations, practices, application work, projects, while the stress symptoms manifested by the students are anxiety, anguish, despair and sleep disorder. As for coping strategies, to a greater extent they deal with academic stress by concentrating on resolving the situation that worries them. Finally, by means of the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test for independent samples, the hypothesis establishing the existence of differences in the levels of academic stress of both study groups was tested; this difference is not significant.

Resumo A pandemia de covid-19 representou uma mudança radical na educação, que teve vários efeitos nos estudantes. Por este motivo, e a partir de uma abordagem congoscitivista, neste trabalho procuramos identificar o nível de estresse acadêmico gerado durante a pandemia de covid-19 em estudantes de engenharia em Gestão Empresarial no estado de Hidalgo. Através de um estudo empírico, de tipo quantitativo, de âmbito descritivo, transversal, não experimental e explicativo, utilizou-se como método de recolha de dados o inquérito, para o qual foi adaptado o questionário SISCO SV Academic Stress Inventory ao contexto da covid-19 , que foi aplicado a uma amostra de 344 estudantes da referida carreira. Os resultados indicam que mais de 71% dos estudantes apresentaram um forte nível de estresse acadêmico. Da mesma forma, identificou-se que o maior estressor foi a sobrecarga de tarefas e de trabalho, bem como a realização de avaliações escritas, práticas, trabalhos de aplicação e projetos. Além disso, os sintomas de estresse que os estudantes manifestaram foram ansiedade, angústia, desespero e distúrbio do sono. Em relação às estratégias de enfrentamento, em maior medida os alunos enfrentam o estresse acadêmico por se concentrarem na resolução da situação que os preocupa. Por fim, utilizando o teste não paramétrico para amostras independentes Mann-Whitney U, verificou-se a existência de diferenças não significativas nos níveis de estresse acadêmico nos grupos de estudo.

Resumen La pandemia de covid-19 representó un cambio radical en la educación, lo que tuvo diversos efectos en los estudiantes. Por ello, y desde un enfoque congoscitivista, en el presente trabajo se procuró identificar el nivel de estrés académico generado durante la pandemia por covid-19 en estudiantes de ingeniería en Gestión Empresarial del estado de Hidalgo. Mediante un estudio empírico, de tipo cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo, transversal, no experimental y explicativo, se utilizó la encuesta como método de recolección de datos, para lo cual se adaptó el cuestionario Inventario de Estrés Académico SISCO SV al contexto de covid-19, el cual se aplicó a una muestra de 344 estudiantes de la referida carrera. Los resultados indican que más del 71 % del estudiantado presentó un nivel de estrés académico fuerte. Asimismo, se identificó que el mayor estresor fue la sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos, así como la realización de evaluaciones escritas, prácticas, trabajos de aplicación y proyectos. Además, los síntomas de estrés que manifestaron los estudiantes fueron ansiedad, angustia, desesperación y trastorno del sueño. En cuanto a las estrategias de afrontamiento, en mayor medida los alumnos enfrentan el estrés académico concentrándose en resolver la situación que les preocupa. Finalmente, mediante la prueba no paramétrica para muestras independientes U de Mann-Whitney, se comprobó la existencia de diferencias no significativas en los niveles de estrés académico en los grupos de estudio.

RESUMEN Introducción: el síndrome de Burnout surge como respuesta a estresores crónicos emocionales e interpersonales en el trabajo y se relaciona con consecuencias negativas a nivel personal y organizacional. Objetivo: describir el síndrome de Burnout en Especialistas del Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Provincial Universitario “Arnaldo Milián Castro”. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en el período de julio de 2022 a enero de 2023; de una población de 26 médicos fueron seleccionados, por muestreo no probabilístico e intencional, 23, 12 Especialistas en Medicina Interna, seis en Endocrinología y cinco en Reumatología. Se empleó la Encuesta de Maslach Burnout Inventory y se calcularon las prevalencias expresadas en por cientos. Resultados: la prevalencia del agotamiento emocional bajo fue del 43,5%, alto en edades entre 46 y 65 años (del 66,7 al 100%), en solteros (75%) y en Especialistas en Medicina Interna (58,3%); bajo con seis y hasta 15 años de servicio (50%). Prevaleció la despersonalización baja en 69,6% doctores; en todos los grupos de edades, en los dos sexos, en los casados, en todas las especialidades y en los que realizaban guardia. La realización personal fue alta en 56,5% y en menores de 55 años (del 55 al 75%) y baja en los demás (del 66 al 100%); alta en hombres (66,7%), casados (63,2%) y en Especialistas en Medicina Interna (58,3%) y en Reumatología (100%). Conclusiones: hay variabilidad de respuesta de los médicos en dependencia de sus características y de las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout, de forma general menos de la mitad de los profesionales tuvieron agotamiento emocional y despersonalización altos y realización personal baja.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout syndrome arises as a response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors at work and is related to negative consequences at a personal and organizational level. Objective: to describe Burnout syndrome in Specialists of the Internal Medicine Service of the “Arnaldo Milián Castro” Provincial University Hospital. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the period from July 2022 to January 2023; From a population of 26 doctors, 23 were selected by non-probabilistic and intentional sampling, 12 Specialists in Internal Medicine, six in Endocrinology and five in Rheumatology. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Survey was used and prevalences expressed in percentages were calculated. Results: the prevalence of low emotional exhaustion was 43.5%, high in ages between 46 and 65 years (from 66.7 to 100%), in singles (75%) and in Internal Medicine Specialists (58. 3%); low with six and up to 15 years of service (50%). Low depersonalization prevailed in 69.6% doctors; in all age groups, in both sexes, in those who were married, in all specialties and in those who were on duty. Personal fulfillment was high in 56.5% and in those under 55 years of age (from 55 to 75%) and low in others (from 66 to 100%); high in men (66.7%), married (63.2%) and in Specialists in Internal Medicine (58.3%) and in Rheumatology (100%). Conclusions: there is variability in the response of doctors depending on their characteristics and the dimensions of Burnout syndrome; in general, less than half of the professionals had high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low personal accomplishment.

Abstract Introduction: Through guided and conscious deep breathing, cardiovascular biofeedback, an innovative technological tool that enables improved cardiac coherence and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which are vital for recovering and maintaining ho-meostasis and psycho-emotional health. Objective: To verify the effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on heart rate variability parameters in nursing professionals. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial conducted in two groups - biofeedback and placebo - with 115 nursing professionals working in clinical and surgical inpatient units at a university hospital, who presented an overall stress level higher than 1, according to the Stress Symptom Scale. The groups participated in nine appointments over three weeks. The outcome was assessed by rMSSD parameters and cardiac coherence at the end of each appointment, which were measured using EmWave Pro Plus®, which uses photoplethysmography to quantify physiological data related to the heartbeat. The analysis was performed using generalized estimation equations, considering α= 5 %. Results: There was a significant time-group interaction in cardiac coherence parameters; the intervention group presented an increase in the mean cardiac coherence parameters at all measurement times, when compared to the control group (p < 0.001; r > 0.98). There was no significant time-group interaction in the rMSSD parameters at any of the measurement times (p = 0.432). As a mind-body therapy, cardiovascular biofeedback proved to be useful and promising. By promoting parasympathetic activation and relaxation, it is possible to prevent the deleterious effects associated with occupational stressors. Conclusion: The intervention with cardiovascular biofeedback proved to be superior to placebo in improving cardiac coherence, resulting in the recovery of the body's homeostasis. Clinical Trials Register: NCT04446689

Resumen Introducción: A través de la respiración profunda guiada y consciente, el biofeedback cardiovascular, una herramienta tecnológica innovadora, permite mejorar la coherencia cardiaca y la activación del sistema nervioso parasimpático, fundamentales para recuperar y mantener la homeostasis y la salud psicoemocional. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del biofeedback cardiovascular sobre los parámetros de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en profesionales de enfermería. Materiales y método: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado con dos grupos -biofeedback y placebo- realizado con 115 profesionales de enfermería que trabajaban en unidades de hospitalización clínica y quirúrgica de un hospital universitario, que presentaban un nivel de estrés global superior a 1, según la Escala de Síntomas de Estrés. Los grupos participaron en nueve reuniones a lo largo de tres semanas. El desenlace se evaluó mediante parámetros de rMSSD y coherencia cardiaca al final de cada reunión, medidos con el EmWave Pro Plus®, que utiliza la fotopletismografía para cuantificar los datos fisiológicos relacionados con los latidos del corazón. El análisis se realizó mediante ecuaciones de estimación generalizada, considerando α = 5%. Resultados: se evidenció una interacción significativa tiempo-grupo en los parámetros de coherencia cardiaca; el grupo de intervención presentó un aumento de los parámetros medios de coherencia cardiaca en todos los momentos de medición en comparación con el grupo de control (p < 0,001; r > 0,98). No hubo una interacción significativa entre el tiempo y el grupo en los parámetros rMSSD en ninguno de los tiempos de medición (p = 0,432). Como terapia mente-cuerpo, el biofeedback cardiovascular demostró ser útil y prometedor, ya que al promover la activación parasimpática y la relajación es posible prevenir los efectos deletéreos asociados a los estresores ocupacionales. Conclusión: La intervención con biofeedback cardiovascular tuvo un efecto mayor que el placebo en la mejora de la coherencia cardiaca, lo que se tradujo en la recuperación de la homeostasis del organismo. Registro Clinical Trials: NCT04446689.

Resumo Introdução: A partir de uma respiração profunda guiada e consciente, o biofeedback cardiovascular, ferramenta tecnológica inovadora, possibilita melhorar a coerência cardíaca e a ativação do sistema nervoso parassimpático, fundamentais para a recuperação e manutenção da homeostase e da saúde psicoemocional. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito do biofeedback cardiovascular sobre os parâmetros da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca dos profissionais da enfermagem. Materiais e método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, com dois grupos - biofeedback e placebo -, realizado com 115 profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em unidades de internação clínica e cirúrgica de um hospital universitário, que apresentaram nível geral de estresse maior que 1, conforme a Escala de Sintomas de Estresse. Os grupos participaram de nove encontros por três semanas. O desfecho foi avaliado pelos parâmetros rMSSD e pela coerência cardíaca, ao final de cada encontro, aferidos através do Em-Wave Pro Plus®, que utiliza fotopletismografia para a quantificação de dados fisiológicos relacionados ao batimento cardíaco. A análise foi feita por equações de estimação generalizadas, considerando α = 5 %. Resultados: Evidenciou-se interação tempo-grupo significativa nos parâmetros da coerência cardíaca; o grupo intervenção teve aumento nas médias dos parâmetros da coerência cardíaca em todos os momentos de aferição quando comparado ao grupo controle (p < 0,001; r > 0,98). Não houve interação tempo-grupo significativa nos parâmetros da rMSSD em nenhum dos momentos de aferição (p = 0,432). Como terapia mente-corpo, o biofeedback cardiovascular mostrou-se útil e promissor, ao promover ativação parassimpática e relaxamento possibilita a prevenção de efeitos deletérios associados aos estressores ocupacionais. Conclusão: Intervenção com biofeedback cardiovascular demonstrou efeito superior a placebo na melhora da coerência cardíaca, refletindo em recuperação da homeostase do organismo. Registro Clinical Trials: NCT04446689.

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to the nursing staff, who were at the forefront of patient care and their families. Exposed to the virus due to strenuous work schedules and other factors, their health was at risk. However, they took proactive self-care actions to counteract these factors, promote self-health, and prevent the onset of diseases caused by stressors from the pandemic. These actions, identified in the literature published between 2020-2023, have significantly impacted their individual and collective health. Objective: To identify the self-care strategies implemented by nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze them in the light of Giddens' theoretical proposal. Materials and methods: An integrative literature review under a descriptive scope was conducted between June and September 2023 in the following databases: Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, Lilacs, and Google Scholar; also, PRISMA recommendations were taken into account for the organization of the search. Results: 40 articles, published between 2020 and 2023 and representing for different methodological designs, were included in the review. The self-care implemented by nurses during the pandemic was assessed in the light of Giddens' theoretical proposal under two types of actions: intentional, which account for physical, mental, and emotional health care activities, and deliberate, which focus on care at a social level. Conclusions: The identified self-care actions were oriented toward the promotion of individual and collective health of workers, the reduction of employee turnover, the recognition of stress, and the strengthening of resilience, which can also be implemented nowadays.

Resumen Introducción: Durante la emergencia por covid-19 el personal de enfermería estuvo presente en el cuidado de los pacientes y sus familias, exponiéndose constantemente al virus debido a los extenuantes horarios de trabajo y a otros factores que llevaron al debilitamiento de su salud. Para contrarrestar dichos factores, se han identificado, en la literatura publicada entre el periodo 2020-2023, diferentes acciones de autocuidado realizadas por los profesionales de enfermería con el fin de promover su salud y prevenir la aparición de enfermedades causadas por estresores propios derivados de la pandemia. Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de autocuidado implementadas por los profesionales de enfermería durante la pandemia covid-19 y analizar las mismas a la luz de la propuesta teórica de Giddens. Materiales y Método: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura con alcance descriptivo entre junio y septiembre de 2023 en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, Lilacs y Google Académico; asimismo, se tuvieron en cuenta las recomendaciones PRISMA para la organización de la búsqueda. Resultados: Se incluyeron 40 artículos en la revisión, publicados entre 2020 y 2023, con diferentes diseños metodológicos. El autocuidado realizado por los enfermeros durante la pandemia se organizó a la luz de la propuesta teórica de Giddens, mediante dos tipos de acciones: intencionadas, las cuales contienen actividades para el cuidado de la salud física, mental y emocional; y deliberadas, enfocadas al cuidado a nivel social. Conclusión: Las acciones de autocuidado identificadas se orientaron a la promoción de la salud individual y colectiva de los trabajadores, la disminución de la deserción laboral, el reconocimiento del estrés y el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia, las cuales también pueden implementarse en la actualidad.

Resumo Introdução: Durante a emergência da covid-19, os enfermeiros estiveram presentes no atendimento aos pacientes e seus familiares, sendo constantemente expostos ao vírus devido a jornadas de trabalho extenuantes e outros fatores que levaram à fragilização de sua saúde. Para neutralizar esses fatores, foram identificadas na literatura publicada entre 2020 e 2023 diferentes ações de autocuidado realizadas por profissionais de enfermagem para promover sua saúde e prevenir o aparecimento de doenças causadas por estressores derivados da pandemia. Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias de autocuidado implementadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia da covid-19 e analisá-las à luz da proposta teórica de Giddens. Materiais e método: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com escopo descritivo, entre junho e setembro de 2023, nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Lilacs e Google Scholar; além disso, foram levadas em conta as recomendações PRISMA para a organização da busca. Resultados: 40 artigos foram incluídos na revisão, publicados entre 2020 e 2023, com diferentes desenhos metodológicos. O autocui-dado realizado pelos enfermeiros durante a pandemia foi organizado à luz da proposta teórica de Giddens, por meio de dois tipos de ações: intencionais, que contêm atividades para o cuidado da saúde física, mental e emocional; e deliberadas, voltadas para o cuidado em nível social. Conclusões: As ações de autocuidado identificadas foram orientadas para a promoção da saúde individual e coletiva dos trabalhadores, para a redução da deserção do trabalho, para o reconhecimento do estresse e para o fortalecimento da resiliência, que também podem ser implementadas atualmente.

School heads or principals have various roles in developing school quality, which can often be stressful. In this study we investigated principals' perceptions of quality schools, the practices performed to improve quality, and the stress and support factors involved. We adopted a qualitative inductive content analysis approach to analyse the transcribed data collected from 14 principals of senior high schools in the Volta region of Ghana. The findings show that principals perceive quality schools as having high academic performance, quality teachers, and adequate resources coordinated in a well-organised system. Furthermore, the results reveal practices that principals perform to improve school quality, such as promoting staff professional development, supporting students' intellectual and skills development, supervising teachers, and providing resources. On the other hand, supervision, non-cooperation of some teachers, inadequate resources, and administrative bureaucracy were revealed as causes of stress in improving school quality. Facing these challenges, the principals relied on their academic qualifications and experiences when engaging in practices to improve school quality. We recommend further research on the possibility of principals using technology to monitor the presence of teachers in classrooms from their offices.