Abstract Background: Although drought and defoliation increase the risk of death of the seedlings in tropical dry forests, few studies have evaluated the impact of this combined factors on the response of species. Questions: What is the seedling water management strategy and how does it affect their growth? How does the combination of drought and defoliation impact the growth of the species? Studied species: Guazuma ulmifoliaLam andPithecellobium dulce(Roxb.) Benth. Study sites and dates: The study was carried out in Autlán, Jalisco, México, between October 2021 and February 2022. Methods: In a greenhouse, the seedlings were submitted to four combined water availability and defoliation treatments. The stomatal conductance and leaf water potential were recorded, and the relative growth rate, final biomass, and biomass allocation were calculated. Results: G. ulmifoliashowed to be an anisohydric species, registered higher growth, and was the most affected by drought, whileP. dulcewas more isohydric, registered lower growth and defoliation was the main stressor. The synergy between Drought × Defoliation negatively impacted the two species' relative growth rate. Conclusions: Regardless of the water management strategy, in the early phases of development, the impact of drought and defoliation was magnified when stressors interacted. Therefore, Drought × Defoliation can limit the regeneration of species within forests, promoting the loss of biodiversity and detriment to the functioning of ecosystems.

Resumen Antecedentes: Aunque la sequía y la defoliación incrementan el riesgo de muerte de las plántulas en los bosques tropicales secos, pocos estudios han evaluado la respuesta de las especies forestales con la combinación de estos factores. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la estrategia de uso del agua de las plántulas y cómo afecta su crecimiento? ¿Cuál es el impacto de la combinación de Sequía × Defoliación sobre el crecimiento de las especies? Especies estudiadas: Guazuma ulmifolia Lam y Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Sitio y año de estudio: Autlán, Jalisco, México, entre octubre del 2021 y febrero del 2022. Métodos: En invernadero, las plántulas se sometieron a cuatro tratamientos combinados de disponibilidad de agua y defoliación. Se registró la conductancia estomática y el potencial hídrico de la hoja, y se calculó la tasa de crecimiento relativa, biomasa final y asignación de biomasa. Resultados: G. ulmifolia mostró ser anisohídrica, registró mayor crecimiento y fue más afectada por la sequía, mientras que P. dulce fue más isohídrica, registró menor crecimiento y la defoliación fue el principal estresor. El impacto de la Sequía × Defoliación fue de sinergia en la tasa de crecimiento relativa en ambas especies. Conclusión: Independientemente de la estrategia de uso de agua, en las primeras fases de desarrollo, el impacto de la sequía y defoliación se magnificó cuando interactuaron los estresores. La Sequía × Defoliación pueden limitar la regeneración de las especies dentro de los bosques, promoviendo la pérdida de la biodiversidad y el detrimento del funcionamiento de los ecosistemas.

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic represented a radical change in the educational modality, consequently, it had repercussions in different aspects for the students, generating as a consequence stress, which for the present work is studied from the congoscitivist approach. The objective was to identify the level of academic stress during the Covid-19 pandemic in Business Management Engineering students in the state of Hidalgo in order to make a comparative study. By means of an empirical, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental and explanatory study, the survey was used as a method of data collection, adapting the SISCO SV Academic Stress Inventory questionnaire adapted to the context of Covid-19, which was applied to a sample of 344 Business Management Engineering students from Hidalgo, Mexico. The results indicate that in both institutions more than 71% of the student body presented a high level of academic stress, also, it is identified that the greatest stressor is the overload of tasks and work, as well as the performance of written evaluations, practices, application work, projects, while the stress symptoms manifested by the students are anxiety, anguish, despair and sleep disorder. As for coping strategies, to a greater extent they deal with academic stress by concentrating on resolving the situation that worries them. Finally, by means of the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test for independent samples, the hypothesis establishing the existence of differences in the levels of academic stress of both study groups was tested; this difference is not significant.

Resumo A pandemia de covid-19 representou uma mudança radical na educação, que teve vários efeitos nos estudantes. Por este motivo, e a partir de uma abordagem congoscitivista, neste trabalho procuramos identificar o nível de estresse acadêmico gerado durante a pandemia de covid-19 em estudantes de engenharia em Gestão Empresarial no estado de Hidalgo. Através de um estudo empírico, de tipo quantitativo, de âmbito descritivo, transversal, não experimental e explicativo, utilizou-se como método de recolha de dados o inquérito, para o qual foi adaptado o questionário SISCO SV Academic Stress Inventory ao contexto da covid-19 , que foi aplicado a uma amostra de 344 estudantes da referida carreira. Os resultados indicam que mais de 71% dos estudantes apresentaram um forte nível de estresse acadêmico. Da mesma forma, identificou-se que o maior estressor foi a sobrecarga de tarefas e de trabalho, bem como a realização de avaliações escritas, práticas, trabalhos de aplicação e projetos. Além disso, os sintomas de estresse que os estudantes manifestaram foram ansiedade, angústia, desespero e distúrbio do sono. Em relação às estratégias de enfrentamento, em maior medida os alunos enfrentam o estresse acadêmico por se concentrarem na resolução da situação que os preocupa. Por fim, utilizando o teste não paramétrico para amostras independentes Mann-Whitney U, verificou-se a existência de diferenças não significativas nos níveis de estresse acadêmico nos grupos de estudo.

Resumen La pandemia de covid-19 representó un cambio radical en la educación, lo que tuvo diversos efectos en los estudiantes. Por ello, y desde un enfoque congoscitivista, en el presente trabajo se procuró identificar el nivel de estrés académico generado durante la pandemia por covid-19 en estudiantes de ingeniería en Gestión Empresarial del estado de Hidalgo. Mediante un estudio empírico, de tipo cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo, transversal, no experimental y explicativo, se utilizó la encuesta como método de recolección de datos, para lo cual se adaptó el cuestionario Inventario de Estrés Académico SISCO SV al contexto de covid-19, el cual se aplicó a una muestra de 344 estudiantes de la referida carrera. Los resultados indican que más del 71 % del estudiantado presentó un nivel de estrés académico fuerte. Asimismo, se identificó que el mayor estresor fue la sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos, así como la realización de evaluaciones escritas, prácticas, trabajos de aplicación y proyectos. Además, los síntomas de estrés que manifestaron los estudiantes fueron ansiedad, angustia, desesperación y trastorno del sueño. En cuanto a las estrategias de afrontamiento, en mayor medida los alumnos enfrentan el estrés académico concentrándose en resolver la situación que les preocupa. Finalmente, mediante la prueba no paramétrica para muestras independientes U de Mann-Whitney, se comprobó la existencia de diferencias no significativas en los niveles de estrés académico en los grupos de estudio.

Resumen Esta revisión da cuenta de artículos que se refieren a la relación existente entre aislamiento social y funciones ejecutivas encargadas de la generación de recursos, para la adaptación de las personas a situaciones poco habituales. Se empleó una estrategia PICO para la definición de la pregunta de investigación y lineamientos básicos del modelo PRISMA, se revisó bases de datos en Scopus, Science Direct, Springer y Google académico. Se identificaron 7042 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de selección, reportándose finalmente 12 investigaciones. Se concluye que el aislamiento social se relaciona con un funcionamiento cognitivo general más deficiente, extendiéndose a otros dominios cognitivos como: orientación, memoria y atención. Además, se evidencia que el aislamiento actúa como un estresor crónico, observándose una disminución en la actividad cortical global y un aumento del cortisol.

Abstract This review reports articles aimed to analyze the relationship between social isolation and executive functions responsible for generating resources for adapting people to unusual situations. A PICO strategy was used to define the research question and essential guidelines of the PRISMA model, and databases in Scopus, Science Direct, Springer, and Google Scholar were reviewed. 7.042 articles that fulfilled the selection criteria were identified, finally reporting 12 investigations. It was concluded that social isolation is related to poorer general cognitive functioning, extending to other cognitive domains such as orientation, memory, and attention. It was also evidenced that isolation acts as a chronic stressor, showing decreased global cortical activity and increased cortisol.

ABSTRACT With global climate change, including unpredictable geographic and temporal weather patterns causing significant Genotype × Environment interaction (GEI), modelling by climate variables can reveal their influence on phenophases of maize (Zea mays L.) development. The objectives of this study were dissection of the phenotypic variation of grain yield of late maturity maize hybrids grown in multi-environment trial, and quantification of the influence of climatic factors on the GEI for each vegetative and reproductive phenophase. Eight FAO 700 maize hybrids were evaluated across five locations in Serbia during 2020 and 2021 years. The hierarchy of sources of variation according to three-way ANOVA were: Year (Y) > Location (L) > Location×Genotype (G) > L×Y×G > G > L×Y > Y×G. The average maximum temperature (mxt, 22.1%), average minimum temperature (mnt, 19.2%), average mean temperature (mt, 18.2%) and relative humidity (rh, 15.1%) in April significantly influenced emergence stage. The mxt (21.1%) and mt (15.7%) in May influenced significantly vegetative phases V1-V9. June contributed the largest percentage of the sum of squares of the GEI with mxt (25.2%), mnt (20.9%), mt (16.1%) influencing vegetative phases V10-V18 and tassel emergence. In July mxt (17%), mt (15.6%), precipitation sum (15.2%), and sunshine hours sum (15.1%), influenced R1, R2, R3, and R4 reproductive phases. In August mxt (23.2%), mnt (20.8%), mt (15.7%), rh (17.1%) influenced R5 reproductive phase. The extreme heat as a stressor had a more critical role for late maturity maize hybrids production than drought in crucial phenophases of maize development.

Resumen: Este estudio ofrece una contraparte a la generalización de los efectos positivos y lineales resultantes de los estresores desafiantes en el lugar de trabajo. El objetivo principal fue verificar si el estrés del desafío social afecta positiva o negativamente el engagement en el trabajo de las personas según el grado de habilidad política disponible en los profesionales. Se utilizaron el análisis de moderación y la regresión jerárquica para evaluar estas relaciones. La muestra consiste en funcionarios públicos de una institución federal brasileña (N= 606). Los resultados indican que la habilidad política modera positivamente la relación entre el estrés social y el engagement, excepto en los casos en que dicha habilidad es baja, momento en el cual la interacción se vuelve negativa. Además, la evidencia revela que una asociación curvilínea positiva explica mejor la relación entre el estrés social y el engagement. Los hallazgos sugieren que el Modelo de Estrés-Desafío-Obstáculo (MDO) tiene una aplicación condicionada por las habilidades requeridas para evaluar un determinado estresor como un obstáculo o un desafío. El objetivo era ampliar la teoría sobre los estresores y contribuir a la práctica de la gestión de recursos humanos aclarando las condiciones o situaciones en las que el MDO no se aplica o carece de contextualización.

Abstract: This study offers a counterpoint to the generalization of positive and linear effects resulting from challenge stressors in the workplace. The guiding objective was to verify whether social challenge stress impacts individuals' work engagement positively or negatively, according to the political skill degree available by professionals. We used moderation analysis and hierarchical regression to assess these relationships. The sample comes from civil servants of a Brazilian federal institution (N = 606). The results indicate that political skill moderates the relationship between social stress and engagement positively, except in cases where such skill is low, a situation in which the interaction becomes negative. The evidence also reveals that a positive curvilinear association better explains the association between social stress and work engagement. The findings suggest that the Challenge-Hindrance Stress Framework (CHF) has an application conditioned by the possible abilities that a given stressor demands to be evaluated as an obstacle or a challenge. We intended to extend the theory on stressors and contribute to the human resource management practice by elucidating conditions or portions of professionals in which the CHF does not apply or lacks contextualization.

Resumo: Este estudo oferece um contraponto à generalização dos efeitos positivos e lineares resultantes de estressores desafiadores no ambiente de trabalho. O objetivo norteador foi verificar se o estresse do desafio social impacta positivamente ou negativamente o engajamento no trabalho dos indivíduos, de acordo com o grau de habilidade política disponível pelos profissionais. Usamos análise de moderação e regressão hierárquica para avaliar essas relações. A amostra é de servidores públicos de uma instituição federal brasileira (N = 606). Os resultados indicam que a habilidade política modera positivamente a relação entre estresse social e engajamento, exceto nos casos em que tal habilidade é baixa, situação em que a interação se torna negativa. As evidências revelam que uma associação curvilínea positiva explica melhor a associação entre estresse social e Engajamento no trabalho. Os achados sugerem que o Modelo de Estresse Desafio-Obstáculo (MDO) tem aplicação condicionada pelas possíveis habilidades que determinado estressor demanda para ser avaliado como obstáculo ou desafio. Pretendemos ampliar a teoria sobre estressores e contribuir para a prática da gestão de pessoas, elucidando condições ou parcelas de profissionais em que o MDO não se aplica ou carece de contextualização.

ABSTRACT Selenium (Se) is an antioxidant mineral and has been included in fish feed formulations in the organic form of hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet). This study evaluated how different concentrations of this substance, supplemented in the diet, act on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) muscle before and after a stressor (transportation). Juvenile fishes were divided into five treatments receiving 0.0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9; 1.2 mg kg-1 Se supplementation for 75 days. After that period, the fish were exposed to transportation for four hours. Sampling of muscle tissue for the measurement of biochemical parameters occurred on day 75, prior to transportation, and one week after transportation (day 83). The activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase did not change. Supplementation with 1.2 mg kg-1 Se increased the level of reduced glutathione before transportation, and 0.9 and 1.2 mg kg-1 Se reduced the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels before and after transportation. After transportation, we observed reduced glutathione levels in fish treated with 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg kg-1, reduced ascorbic acid level in fish fed 0.6 mg kg-1 Se, and reduced total protein concentration in fish fed 0.3 mg kg-1 Se, as compared to the levels before transportation. In conclusion, the presence of different concentrations of Se in the fish diet promoted different patterns of response to redox status, minimizing oxidative damage generated by the stressor event. (Se hydroxyselenomethionine hydroxy selenomethionine OHSeMet. OHSeMet OH SeMet . (OH-SeMet) substance Colossoma macropomum (transportation) 0.0 00 0 03 3 06 6 09 9 12 1 2 1. kg1 kg kg- 7 days period hours 83. 83 83) glutathioneStransferase S transferase change 0. kg1, 1, conclusion status event (OH-SeMet (transportation 8

RESUMO O selênio (Se) é um mineral antioxidante e tem sido incluído em formulações de rações para peixes na forma orgânica de hidróxi-selenometionina (OH-SeMet). Este estudo avaliou como diferentes concentrações dessa substância, suplementada na dieta, atuam no músculo do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) antes e após um estressor (transporte). Os peixes juvenis foram divididos em cinco tratamentos recebendo a suplementação de 0,0; 0,3; 0,6; 0,9; 1,2 mg kg-1 de Se por 75 dias. Após esse período, os peixes ficaram expostos ao transporte por quatro horas. A amostragem de tecido muscular para medição dos parâmetros bioquímicos ocorreu no dia 75, antes do transporte, e uma semana após o transporte (dia 83). A atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase e glutationa-S-transferase não se alterou. A suplementação com 1,2 mg kg-1 de Se aumentou o nível de glutationa reduzida antes do transporte, e 0,9 e 1,2 mg kg-1 de Se reduziram os níveis de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico antes e após o transporte. Após o transporte, observamos redução nos níveis de glutationa reduzida nos peixes tratados com 0,3, 0,6 e 1,2 mg kg-1, redução nos níveis de ácido ascórbico nos peixes alimentados com 0,6 mg kg-1 de Se e redução na concentração de proteínas totais nos peixes alimentados com 0,3 mg kg-1 Se, em comparação com os níveis antes do transporte. Conclui-se que a presença de diferentes concentrações de Se na dieta dos peixes promoveu diferentes padrões de resposta ao estado redox, minimizando os danos oxidativos gerados pelo evento estressor. (Se hidróxiselenometionina hidróxi selenometionina OHSeMet. OHSeMet OH SeMet . (OH-SeMet) substância Colossoma macropomum (transporte) 0,0 00 0 03 3 06 6 09 9 12 1 2 1, kg1 kg kg- 7 dias período horas 83. 83 83) glutationaStransferase S transferase alterou 0, kg1, Concluise Conclui redox (OH-SeMet (transporte 8

This opinion article argues that it may not be appropriate to regard the Covid-19 pandemic as a traumatic stressor. Persons diagnosed with Covid-19 have typically been concerned about events that might have occurred in the future such as severe illness, hospitalisation and death, access to treatment, the welfare of dependents, and stigma and discrimination. Their concerns are thus future-oriented rather than anchored to a past traumatic event, which is the requirement for a diagnosis of PTSD. If the criteria for what is considered a traumatic stressor are widened, there is a risk that the concept of trauma may become so diluted that many events, even mildly distressing ones, may be regarded as traumatic. Social workers and other health professionals should take these matters into account when attending to the emotional and psychological needs of persons affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivos: realizar adaptación cultural y evaluación de evidencia de validez de la Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale para su uso en Brasil. Métodos: estudio psicométrico, realizado desde las etapas de traducción, síntesis, retrotraducción, revisión por un comité de siete expertos, pretest y evaluación de propiedades de medición con 32 y 238 estudiantes de enfermería, respectivamente. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE), Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). La confiabilidad del instrumento se estimó mediante el Omega de McDonald (ω). Resultados: AFE subvencionó la distribución de los quince ítems del SNS-15 en cuatro factores. A través de la AFC se lograron índices de ajuste satisfactorios (Comparative Fit Index = 0,94; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0,93; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0,06; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0,16) y ω = 0,86. Conclusiones: la versión brasileña del SNS-15 presenta evidencias que confirman su validez y confiabilidad. Objetivos Stressor15 Stressor 15 Stressor-1 SNS15 SNS (SNS-15 Brasil Métodos psicométrico traducción síntesis retrotraducción expertos 3 23 enfermería respectivamente descriptiva AFE, , (AFE) AFC. . (AFC) ω. (ω) Resultados SNS-1 factores Comparative 0,94 094 0 94 TuckerLewis Tucker Lewis 0,93 093 93 0,06 006 06 0,16 016 16 086 86 0,86 Conclusiones Stressor1 1 Stressor- SNS1 (SNS-1 2 (AFE (AFC (ω SNS- 0,9 09 9 0,0 00 0,1 01 08 8 0,8 (SNS- 0, (SNS

ABSTRACT Objectives: to carry out the cultural adaptation and evaluation of validity evidence of the Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale for use in Brazil. Methods: psychometric study, conducted from the stages of translation, synthesis, back-translation, review by a committee of seven experts, pre-test and evaluation of measurement properties with 32 and 238 nursing students, respectively. Descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using McDonald’s Omega (ω). Results: EFA subsidized the distribution of the fifteen SNS-15 items into four factors. Using AFC, satisfactory fit indices were achieved (Comparative Fit Index = 0.94; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.93; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.06; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.16) and ω = 0.86. Conclusions: the Brazilian version of the SNS-15 presents evidence that confirms its validity and reliability. Objectives Stressor15 Stressor 15 Stressor-1 SNS15 SNS (SNS-15 Brazil Methods study translation synthesis backtranslation, backtranslation back back-translation experts pretest pre test 3 23 students respectively statistics EFA, , (EFA) CFA (CFA performed McDonalds McDonald s ω. . (ω) Results SNS-1 factors AFC Comparative 0.94 094 0 94 TuckerLewis Tucker Lewis 0.93 093 93 0.06 006 06 0.16 016 16 086 86 0.86 Conclusions Stressor1 1 Stressor- SNS1 (SNS-1 2 (EFA (ω SNS- 0.9 09 9 0.0 00 0.1 01 08 8 0.8 (SNS- 0. (SNS

RESUMO Objetivos: realizar a adaptação cultural e a avaliação das evidências de validade da Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale para uso no Brasil. Métodos: estudo psicométrico, conduzido a partir das etapas de tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão por um comitê de sete especialistas, pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades de medida com 32 e 238 estudantes de enfermagem, respectivamente. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC). Estimou-se a confiabilidade do instrumento através do Ômega de McDonald’s (ω). Resultados: a AFE subsidiou a distribuição dos quinze itens da SNS-15 em quatro fatores. Mediante AFC, alcançou-se índices satisfatórios de ajuste (Comparative Fit Index = 0,94; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0,93; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0,06; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0,16) e ω = 0,86. Conclusões: a versão brasileira da SNS-15 apresenta evidências que confirmam sua validade e confiabilidade. Objetivos Stressor15 Stressor 15 Stressor-1 SNS15 SNS (SNS-15 Brasil Métodos psicométrico tradução síntese retrotradução especialistas préteste pré teste 3 23 enfermagem respectivamente Realizouse Realizou se descritiva AFE, , (AFE) AFC. AFC . (AFC) Estimouse Estimou McDonalds McDonald s ω. (ω) Resultados SNS-1 fatores alcançouse alcançou Comparative 0,94 094 0 94 TuckerLewis Tucker Lewis 0,93 093 93 0,06 006 06 0,16 016 16 086 86 0,86 Conclusões Stressor1 1 Stressor- SNS1 (SNS-1 2 (AFE (AFC (ω SNS- 0,9 09 9 0,0 00 0,1 01 08 8 0,8 (SNS- 0, (SNS

ABSTRACT Freshwater habitats are among the most degraded environments, with organisms living in multi-stressor conditions. We tested the photosynthetic performance of Oedogonium sp., a freshwater green alga, after exposure to an herbicide combined with temperature increases related to climate change. Treatments were designed by combining nominal concentrations (0.00 or control, 0.05, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/L) of tebuthiuron with temperature increases projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the scenarios RCP 4.5 (+2.3 ºC) and RCP 8.5 (+3.4 ºC). Treatment concentrations were determined based on i) the maximum concentration allowed by the US Environmental Protection Agency in water bodies, ii) the recommended application dosage by the manufacturer and iii) a worst-case scenario. Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis showed that tebuthiuron concentrations of 0.6 mg/L or higher, regardless of temperature, negatively affected the photosynthetic performance of the alga, with reduced quantum photosynthetic yield associated with increased non-regulated, non-photochemical energy loss. Oxygen evolution curve analyses revealed a significant drop in the photosynthetic rate of Oedogonium sp. under both RCP scenarios in comparison to the scenario without temperature increase, with decreases ranging from 13% to 70% among treatments. Despite the clear negative effects of exposure to both stressors individually, no combined effect was observed. environments multistressor multi stressor conditions sp alga change 0.00 000 0 00 (0.0 control 005 05 0.05 06 6 0. 12 1 2 1. mgL mg L 45 4 5 4. +2.3 23 3 (+2. ºC 85 8 8. +3.4 34 (+3. ºC. . i bodies ii iii worstcase worst case higher nonregulated, nonregulated non regulated, regulated non-regulated nonphotochemical photochemical loss increase 13 70 treatments individually observed 0.0 (0. +2. (+2 +3. (+3 7 (0 +2 (+ +3 ( +

OBJECTIVE: Melatonin plays a role in many biological and physiological events. There are studies in the literature relating melatonin levels to many psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum melatonin levels with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation in suicide patients. METHODS: The study was conducted prospectively with volunteer patients aged 20–50 years who were admitted to the emergency department after a suicide attempt. The social and occupational status, educational levels, marital status, and stressor factors of patients were questioned. Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation were applied to each patient included in the study. Blood melatonin levels were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 23.00 statistical program. Descriptive values were expressed by the number of cases (n), percentage (%), median (interquartile range), and mean±standard deviation. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the distribution of continuous variables, and the Pearson or Spearman correlation test was used to assess the relationship between disease severity and melatonin level. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation was found between melatonin level and the Beck Depression Inventory score (r=-0.098, p=0.44). However, a statistically weak, inverse, and significant correlation was discovered between melatonin levels and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation score (r=-0.465, p=0.00). CONCLUSION: According to our results, it was determined that there was a significant negative relationship between melatonin level and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation scoring. OBJECTIVE events schizophrenia disorder METHODS 2050 20 50 20–5 attempt status questioned enzymelinked enzyme linked method 2300 23 00 23.0 program n, n , (n) %, % (%) interquartile range, range range) meanstandard mean standard deviation KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov variables p005 p 0 05 p<0.0 RESULTS r=0.098, r0098 r r= 0.098, 098 (r=-0.098 p=0.44. p044 p=0.44 . 44 p=0.44) However weak inverse r=0.465, r0465 0.465, 465 (r=-0.465 p=0.00. p000 p=0.00 p=0.00) CONCLUSION results scoring 205 2 5 20– 230 23. (n (% p00 p<0. r=0.098 r009 0098 0.098 09 (r=-0.09 p04 p=0.4 4 r=0.465 r046 0465 0.465 46 (r=-0.46 p=0.0 ( p0 p<0 r=0.09 r00 009 0.09 (r=-0.0 p=0. r=0.46 r04 046 0.46 (r=-0.4 p< r=0.0 r0 0.0 (r=-0. p=0 r=0.4 04 0.4 r=0. 0. (r=-0 p= r=0 (r=- (r= (r

Abstract Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) aqueous extract (EBN) was gestationally administered to Wistar rats to evaluate sex-related behavioral changes in young individuals receiving a two-hit stimulus of 1 mg/kg EBN, followed by stress challenge (NYM) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. EBN exposition occurred by gavage at gestational days (GDs) 17 to 21, and NYM or LPS was conducted at post-natal day 60 (PND60). Behavior was evaluated in the open field (OF) and light-dark box (LDB) apparatuses. Serum hormones, pro- inflammatory cytokines, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine were measured. The liver and kidneys were histologically evaluated. Male and female young rats responded differently in latency to the light side and locomotion frequency on the dark side, corticosterone (females, LPS), and ACTH (females, stress). Male rats showed improved TNF-α (LPS group) and melatonin (LPS group). No histological or biochemical differences were observed in the liver or kidneys. Female young rats were more resilient to the two-hit-stimulus than the male rats. The gestational administration of EBN to male and female Wistar rats and a second stimulus (stress challenge or LPS exposure) at a young age allowed for discriminating differences in behavior, stress hormones, and cytokines according to the sex of the rat. However, no histological alterations in the liver or kidneys were observed, nor in the AST, ALT, or creatinine levels. L. L (L. Cogn Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbitaceae (EBN sexrelated related twohit two hit mgkg mg kg (NYM exposure GDs (GDs 21 postnatal post natal 6 PND60. PND60 PND . (PND60) OF (OF lightdark LDB (LDB apparatuses hormones pro AST , (AST) ALT (ALT) measured females, females (females LPS, LPS) stress. stress) TNFα TNF α group group. twohitstimulus behavior rat However levels (L 2 PND6 (PND60 (AST (ALT (PND6 (PND

Abstract Background: Caring for people with dementia generates stress among family caregivers. One of these stressor events is ambiguous loss. Objectives: To translate, adapt, and validate the Boundary Ambiguity Scale (BAS) into European Portuguese and assess its psychometric properties. Methodology: Methodological study with a sample of 88 family caregivers of people with dementia. Internal consistency was assessed using McDonald’s omega coefficient ((). Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and criterion validity through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: The BAS showed excellent content validity. The EFA revealed a two-factor model, explaining 44% of variance, and a ( of 0.72. Family caregivers who live with people with dementia had greater ambiguous loss (t = 2.823, p < 0.01). A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was found between the BAS and the PSS (r s = 0.578, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The BAS has acceptable validity and internal consistency for assessing ambiguous loss.

Resumen Marco contextual: El cuidado de personas con demencia (PcD) genera estrés entre los cuidadores familiares (CF). Una de las situaciones que generan este estrés es la pérdida ambigua (PA). Objetivos: Traducir, adaptar y validar la Escala de Límites Ambiguos (ELA) al portugués europeo y determinar las características psicométricas de la ELA. Metodología: Estudio metodológico basado en una muestra de 88 CF de PcD. La consistencia interna (CI) se evaluó mediante el coeficiente omega de McDonald ((), la validez de constructo mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y la validez de criterio mediante la Escala de Percepción del Estrés (EPS). Resultados: La ELA presentó una validez de contenido excelente. El AFE determinó un modelo de dos factores, que explican el 44% de la varianza, ( de 0,72. Los CF que residen con PcD presentan mayor PA (t = 2,823, p < 0,01). Correlación significativa positiva y moderada entre la ELA y la EPS (r s = 0,578, p < 0,01). Conclusión: La ELA es un instrumento con propiedades psicométricas de CI y validez aceptables para la evaluación de la PA.

Resumo Enquadramento: Cuidar de pessoas com demência (PcD) é gerador de stresse entre cuidadores familiares (CF). Uma das situações geradoras desse stresse é a perda ambígua (PA). Objetivos: Traduzir, adaptar e validar a Escala de Limites Ambíguos (ELA) para português europeu e determinar as caraterísticas psicométricas da ELA. Metodologia: Estudo metodológico a partir de uma amostra de 88 CF de PcD. A consistência interna (CI) avaliada com o Coeficiente de Ômega de McDonald ((), a validade de constructo através da análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e a validade de critério com a Escala de Perceção de Stresse (EPS). Resultados: A ELA apresentou validade conteúdo excelente. A AFE determinou um modelo de dois fatores, explicando 44% da variância, ( de 0,72. Os CF que residem com a PcD apresentam maior PA (t = 2,823, p < 0,01). Correlação significativa positiva e moderada entre a ELA e a EPS (r s = 0,578, p < 0,01). Conclusão: A ELA é um instrumento com propriedade psicométrica de CI e validade aceitáveis para a avaliação da PA.

Abstract This qualitative study aimed to characterize the life context and the meanings attributed to the migration process of Haitian families. Seven Haitian mothers who had children in Brazil participated in the research. In data collection, the combination of in-depth interview and Genogram Mecha were used. The organization and analysis of the data were based on the Grounded Theory and the help of the Atlas.ti 22.1.0 software, from which five categories of analysis emerged. The results showed that the living condition in Haiti was configured as a stressor in the family life cycle and drove the migratory process. It was identified that migration meant the possibility of a life with more security, access to health services, quality education, and job opportunities. It was observed that ambivalence of feelings accompanied the whole migratory process, which, added to the language barrier and the grief experienced, strained the decision to migrate and the arrival in Brazil. families research collection indepth depth used Atlasti Atlas ti 2210 22 1 0 22.1. software emerged security services education opportunities experienced 221 2 22.1 22.

Resumo Este estudo qualitativo objetivou caracterizar o contexto de vida e os significados atribuídos ao processo migratório de famílias haitianas. Participaram da pesquisa sete haitianas, mães, que tiveram filhos no Brasil. Na coleta dos dados, utilizou-se a combinação da entrevista em profundidade e Meca Genograma. A organização e a análise dos dados tiveram como base a Grounded Theory e o auxílio do software Atlas.ti 22.1.0, da qual emergiram cinco categorias de análise. Os resultados evidenciaram que a condição de vida no Haiti configurou-se como estressor do ciclo vital familiar e impulsionou o processo migratório. Identificou-se que a migração significou a possibilidade de vida com mais segurança, o acesso aos serviços de saúde, a educação de qualidade e as oportunidades de emprego. Observou-se que a ambivalência de sentimentos acompanhou todo o processo migratório, que somada à barreira linguística e aos lutos vivenciados, tensionaram a decisão de migrar e a chegada ao Brasil. haitianas mães Brasil utilizouse utilizou se Genograma Atlasti Atlas ti 2210 22 1 0 22.1.0 configurouse configurou Identificouse Identificou segurança saúde emprego Observouse Observou vivenciados 221 2 22.1. 22.1 22.

BACKGROUND: Noise is a known environmental stressor in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), as it may result in adverse effects on preterm neonates because of the unique vulnerability and physiological immaturity of their central nervous systems. OBJECTIVE: To investigate noise levels in public sector NICUs in the eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Methods. An analytical observational study design with purposive sampling of public sector hospitals was used. Noise was continuously measured with a sound level meter in a central location for 48 hours on 2 consecutive days (Sunday and Monday) in the four NICUs. A sample of noise sources, as well as their frequency of occurrence, was identified through direct observation and a frequency spectrum analysis using one-third octave bands. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: This study included one tertiary hospital and three regional hospitals in the eThekwini District. Mean noise levels exceeded international recommendations of an A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level (LAeq) of 45 A-weighted decibel (dBA) and an A-weighted maximum sound level (LAmax) of 65 dBA in all four hospitals. The most frequently occurring sources of noise were staff conversations (30.9%, Hospital A), device alarms (21.0%, Hospital B) and closing metal pedal bins (20.0%, Hospital B). Mean LAeqs >45 BA were found in the mid and high frequencies (250 Hz - 6 300 Hz) in all hospitals, particularly during the afternoon. CONCLUSION: The findings emphasise the need for continuous noise monitoring, awareness and education among healthcare professionals in the NICU. Future research should expand on existing findings and focus on interventions for noise control in NICUs.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una herramienta para evaluar el afrontamiento de pacientes oncológicos. Se construyeron 112 ítems que fueron sometidos a análisis teórico por parte de jueces especialistas y prueba piloto con la población objetivo. Los 42 ítems restantes tras esta etapa fueron contestados por 392 pacientes oncológicos. El análisis de la validez de la estructura interna se hizo por análisis factorial exploratorio. Denominad Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento para Pacientes Oncológicos (E3PO), los resultados señalaron una estructura de 20 ítems divididos en dos factores que explican 36.05% de la varianza total. Compromiso con el Tratamiento con 14 ítems (fiabilidad compuesta .83) evalúa el compromiso orientado hacia el cambio del estresor. Reacciones Emocionales con seis ítems (fiabilidad compuesta .75) evalúa el afrontamiento basado en la expresión de sentimientos negativos derivados del estresor. En el futuro, E3PO puede ser útil en la elaboración de planes terapéuticos y en la evaluación de intervenciones conductuales que se centren en el desarrollo o la mejora del afrontamiento del cáncer. oncológicos 11 4 39 exploratorio E3PO, EPO , E PO (E3PO) 2 3605 36 05 36.05 total 1 fiabilidad .83 83 estresor .75 75 futuro cáncer 3 (E3PO 360 0 36.0 .8 8 .7 7 36. .

Abstract This study aimed to develop a scale to evaluate coping strategies in cancer patients. Initially, 112 items were created and subjected to theoretical analysis by expert judges, followed by a trial with the target population. After these steps, 42 items remained and were answered by 392 cancer patients. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess the scale’s Internal structure validity. The resulting Coping Strategies Scale for Cancer Patients (E3PO) consists of 20 items grouped into two factors, explaining 36.05% of the total variance. The first factor, Treatment Engagement, includes 14 items (with a composite reliability of .83), which measure commitment to addressing the stressor. The second factor, Emotional Reactions, includes six items (with a composite reliability of .75) that evaluate coping based on the expression of negative emotions coming from the stressor. In the future, E3PO may help in the development of therapeutic plans and the evaluation of behavioral interventions aimed at enhancing coping strategies among cancer patients. patients Initially 11 judges population steps 4 39 scales s validity EPO E PO (E3PO 2 factors 3605 36 05 36.05 variance Engagement 1 .83, 83 .83 , .83) stressor Reactions .75 75 future 3 360 0 36.0 8 .8 .7 7 36. .

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver um instrumento capaz de avaliar o enfrentamento de pacientes oncológicos. Foram construídos 112 itens que passaram por análise teórica de juízes especialistas e pré-teste com o público-alvo. Os 42 que restaram após essas etapas foram respondidos por 392 pacientes oncológicos. A análise de validade de estrutura interna foi realizada por análise fatorial exploratória. Denominada como Escala de Estratégias de Enfrentamento para Pacientes Oncológicos (E3PO), os resultados indicaram uma estrutura de 20 itens divididos em dois fatores que explicam 36,05% da variância total. Engajamento no Tratamento, 14 itens (confiabilidade composta de 0,83), avalia compromisso orientado para mudança do estressor. Reações Emocionais, seis itens (confiabilidade composta de 0,75), avalia enfrentamento baseado na expressão de sentimentos negativos advindos do estressor. A E3PO pode futuramente auxiliar na elaboração de planos terapêuticos e avaliação de intervenções comportamentais que tenham como foco o desenvolvimento ou melhoramento do enfrentamento ao câncer. oncológicos 11 préteste pré teste públicoalvo. públicoalvo público alvo. alvo público-alvo 4 39 exploratória E3PO, EPO , E PO (E3PO) 2 3605 36 05 36,05 total Tratamento 1 confiabilidade 0,83, 083 0,83 0 83 0,83) estressor Emocionais 0,75, 075 0,75 75 0,75) câncer 3 (E3PO 360 36,0 08 0,8 8 07 0,7 7 36, 0,