Abstract Light wells in residential buildings represent a context that has received relatively little attention in daylighting analyses. This study aims to analyze the daylighting performance of a residential space with a window facing a light well, in order to contribute to the revision of NBR 15575:2013. The study conducted 1,152 daylighting analyses considering windows facing a light well, located on the first and fourth floors of a 4-story building. Clear and intermediate skies were considered in four Brazilian cities with different latitudes. Both the prescriptive method and point-in-time simulations were applied. The effectiveness of achieving daylit interior spaces through light wells strongly depends on the geometry of the light well and the external illuminance conditions of the city. Narrow light wells were found to be unsuitable for adequately daylighting the lower floor spaces. Furthermore, the prescriptive method was insufficient in representing daylighting originating solely from external wall interreflections. The study found that intermediate and superior performance levels, when achieved through point-in-time or spatial daylighting availability simulations, were never attained for the first-floor space. Therefore, the authors recommend that dense urban canyon situations and light wells be carefully considered in the revision of the standard. 155752013. 155752013 15575 2013. 2013 15575:2013 1152 1 152 1,15 4story story 4 building latitudes pointintime point time applied city Furthermore interreflections levels firstfloor Therefore standard 15575201 1557 201 15575:201 115 15 1,1 1557520 155 20 15575:20 11 1, 155752 2 15575:2 15575:

Resumo Poços de luz em edifícios residenciais representam um contexto com pouca atenção nas análises de iluminação natural. Esse estudo propõe analisar o desempenho de iluminação natural de um espaço residencial com janela voltada para poço de luz visando objetivo de contribuir com a revisão da NBR 15575:2013. O estudo realizou 1.152 análises de desempenho considerando a janela voltada para o poço de luz localizada no 1º e 4º pavimentos de uma edificação de quatro pavimentos. Foram considerados céu claros e intermediários em quatro cidades brasileiras com diferentes latitudes. O método prescritivo e simulação ponto-no-tempo foram aplicados. A solução de iluminação de espaços internos por meio de poços de luz depende fortemente de sua geometria e das condições de iluminância externa da cidade. Poços estreitos mostraram-se inaptos para levar luz suficiente para os ambientes inferiores. O método prescritivo não é capaz de representar adequadamente situações de iluminação natural oriunda exclusivamente de interreflexões de paredes externas. Os níveis intermediários e superiores de desempenho por simulação ponto-no-tempo ou por análises baseadas no clima não foram atendidos no 1º pavimento. Os autores recomendam que situações de cânions urbanos densos e poços de luz sejam cuidadosamente consideradas na análise da revisão da norma. 155752013. 155752013 15575 2013. 2013 15575:2013 1152 1 152 1.15 º latitudes pontonotempo ponto tempo aplicados cidade mostraramse mostraram se inferiores externas pavimento norma 15575201 1557 201 15575:201 115 15 1.1 1557520 155 20 15575:20 11 1. 155752 2 15575:2 15575:

Abstract The objective of this article is to develop an analysis from the perspective of gender inequality in the story “Little Women”, by the Ecuadorian writer Solange Rodríguez Pappe, which is included in the literary work The Kindness of Strangers (2014). in the context of the Latin American narrative of the last two decades of the 21st century. The methodology to be used is textual analysis to show how the fantastic and supernatural element confronts each other between the little women and Joaquín. In relation to the analysis and results, it is concluded that in the narrative context the development of an exploratory-colonizing relationship of the male body is evident in a misogynistic and ambiguous locus in which female subversion is opposed to male domination.

Resumen El presente artículo se propone como objetivo desarrollar un análisis con perspectiva de la desigualdad de género en el cuento “Pequeñas mujercitas”, de la escritora ecuatoriana Solange Rodríguez Pappe, el cual se incluye en la obra literaria La bondad de los extraños (2014), en el contexto de la narrativa latinoamericana de las últimas dos décadas del siglo XXI. La metodología por emplear es el análisis textual, para evidenciar cómo el elemento fantástico y sobrenatural se enfrenta entre las pequeñas mujercitas y Joaquín. En relación con el análisis y los resultados, se concluye que en el contexto narrativo se evidencia el desenvolvimiento de una relación explorativa-colonizadora del cuerpo masculino en unlocus misógino y ambiguo en el que la subversión femenina se contrapone a la dominación masculina.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the literary piece Marsolaire, published in 1941 by the Barranquilla writer Amira de la Rosa, based on the philosophical-literary proposal of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. The text is divided into three parts, the first delves into the concept of the short novel, its elements and its typological classification. The second, makes a synthesis of the work highlighting the characteristics that allow it to be differentiated from the short story narrative, and, finally, a cartographic reading of Marsolaire is proposed, as well as its affiliation to one of the short novel maps outlined from Deleuze-Guattarian theory. The article concludes that the work can be classified as a short novel and not as a story.

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza la pieza literaria Marsolaire, publicada en 1941 por la escritora barranquillera Amira de la Rosa, a partir de la propuesta filosófico-literaria de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari. El texto se divide en tres partes, la primera profundiza en el concepto de novela corta, sus elementos y su clasificación tipológica; la segunda, realiza una síntesis de la obra resaltando las características que permiten diferenciarla de la narrativa cuentística; en la tercera se propone una lectura cartográfica de Marsolaire, así como su filiación a uno de los mapas de novela corta esbozados desde la teoría mencionada. El artículo concluye que la obra puede ser catalogada como una novela corta y no como un cuento.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a obra literária Marsolaire, publicada em 1941 pela escritora barranquillera Amira de la Rosa, a partir da proposta filosófico-literária de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. O texto está dividido em três partes, o primeiro aprofunda o conceito de romance curto, seus elementos e sua classificação tipológica; a segunda, realiza uma síntese da obra ressaltando as características que permitem diferenciá-la da narrativa do conto e; e a terceira propõe-se uma leitura cartográfica de Marsolaire, bem como sua filiação a um dos mapas do romance curto esboçados desde a teoria mencionada. O artigo conclui que a obra pode ser classificada como um romance curto e não como um conto.

Resumo Através da análise de jornais, cartas, textos e ilustrações que não fazem parte dos registos oficiais, este artigo propõe-se reconstruir uma história até agora não contada: a primeira participação chilena numa exposição universal, a Grande Exposição das Obras de Indústria de todas as Nações, em 1851. Durante esta exposição, o Chile expôs peças tangíveis do seu território atrás de uma montra e, pela primeira vez, perante o mundo. Uma análise desta presença permite-nos repensar o entendimento do seu território, identificado nos seus primórdios como pobre, para um território mais tarde produtivo e altamente cobiçado. Os achados desses documentos, aparentemente perdidos nos arquivos do tempo por 171 anos, apareceram orbitando a exposição, mas não fazem parte dela. Por sua vez, preenchem uma lacuna de conhecimento e podem abrir novos discursos na história cultural e política do período.

Resumen A través de la revisión de periódicos, cartas, textos e ilustraciones que no son parte de los registros oficiales, este articulo propone reconstruir un relato hasta ahora no contado: la primera participación chilena en una exposición universal, The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations de 1851. Durante esta, Chile exhibió trozos tangibles de su territorio tras una vitrina, y por primera vez, frente al mundo. La revisión de esta asistencia permite repensar el entendimiento de su territorio, identificado en sus inicios como pobre, a uno posteriormente productivo y altamente codiciado. Los hallazgos de estos documentos que, al parecer perdidos en los archivos del tiempo por 171 años, comparecieron orbitando la exposición, mas no son parte de esta. A su vez, permiten completar un vacío en el conocimiento y potencialmente abrir nuevos discursos en la historia cultural y política de esa época.

Abstract Through the review of newspapers, letters, texts and illustrations that are not part of the official records, this article proposes to reconstruct a hitherto untold story: the first Chilean participation in a universal exhibition, The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations in 1851. During this exhibition, Chile exhibited tangible pieces of its territory behind a showcase, and for the first time, in front of the world. A review of this attendance allows us to rethink the understanding of its territory, identified in its beginnings as poor, to one that was later productive and highly coveted. The findings of these documents, apparently lost in the archives of time for 171 years, appeared orbiting the exhibition, but are not part of it. In turn, they fill a gap in knowledge and potentially open up new discourses in the cultural and political history of the period.

Abstract: In 1939, Marília, a thirty-year-old Brazilian housewife, residing in São Paulo, killed her lover, Armando, with an axe and gunshots. She turned herself in to the police and was admitted by her brother-in-law to the Pinel Sanatorium, a psychiatric institution catering to the city's more affluent social groups. The sources for this research include clinical documents-such as a medical report, lab tests, prescriptions, and a letter written by Marília-as well as newspaper articles from São Paulo that reported on the crime. Drawing on theoretical and methodological frameworks from the socio-cultural history of emotions, the history of women and gender, and the history of madness and psychiatry, this article identifies the emotions that surface in the different documents recounting Marília's story. Our primary objective is to analyze these emotions, not to explore their specific meanings, but to understand what they produce. I aim to comprehend how the collection of these emotions, as articulated across the various narratives I examine, operates through shared meanings to construct both an event and a subject: Marília. The different narratives about her life, including her own, and the crime she committed, highlight two central emotions: sadness and anger. This analysis demonstrates that these emotions operate within an emotional framework that defines places, possibilities, and limitations for women, grounded in the perception of their interconnected bodies and minds, social markers of difference, and expert discourses. It also reveals that emotional resistances are persistent.

Resumen: En 1939, Marília, una brasileña de treinta años, casada, ama de casa y residente en São Paulo, mató a su amante, Armando, a hachazos y disparos. Se presentó a la policía y fue ingresada por su cuñado en el Sanatório Pinel, una institución psiquiátrica para los grupos sociales más pudientes de la ciudad. Las fuentes de la investigación fueron documentos clínicos -incluidos un informe médico, pruebas de laboratorio, recetas y una carta escrita por ella- y noticias de los periódicos de São Paulo que informaron sobre el crimen. Utilizando marcos teóricos y metodológicos de la historia sociocultural de las emociones, de la historia de las mujeres y del género, y de la historia de la locura y de la psiquiatría, me propongo en este artículo reconocer qué emociones emergen en los diferentes documentos que nos presentan la historia de Marília. El objetivo principal es problematizarlas, no para discutir sus significados específicos, sino para comprender lo que producen. Busco entender cómo el conjunto de tales emociones, enunciadas en los diferentes relatos que contrasto, actúan a través de significados compartidos, en el sentido de construir un acontecimiento y un sujeto, Marília. Las diferentes narrativas sobre la vida, incluida la suya propia, y el crimen cometido por ella destacan dos emociones como centrales: la tristeza y la ira. Esto demostró que estas operan dentro de un dispositivo emocional que establece lugares, posibilidades y límites para las mujeres a partir de la percepción de sus cuerpos y mentes interconectados, los marcadores sociales de la diferencia y los discursos de los saberes expertos, y que las resistencias emocionales son constantes.

Resumo: Em 1939, Marília, uma mulher de 30 anos, brasileira, casada, dona de casa, residente em São Paulo, matou seu amante, Armando, com machadadas e tiros. Apresentou-se à polícia e foi internada por seu cunhado no Sanatório Pinel, instituição psiquiátrica voltada aos grupos sociais mais abastados da cidade. As fontes de pesquisa foram o documento clínico - que inclui relatório médico, exames laboratoriais, receituário, uma carta escrita por ela - e notícias de jornais paulistas que repercutiram o crime. Com referenciais teórico-metodológicos da história sociocultural das emoções, da história das mulheres e dos gêneros, e da história da loucura e da psiquiatria, proponho, neste artigo, reconhecer que emoções emergiram nos diferentes documentos que nos apresentam a história de Marília. O objetivo principal foi problematizá-las, não no sentido de discutir seus significados específicos, mas sim de entender o que elas produziram. Busquei compreender como o rol delas, enunciado nas diferentes narrativas que contraponho, atuaram por meio de significados compartilhados, no sentido de construir um acontecimento e um sujeito, Marília. As diferentes narrativas sobre a vida e o crime de Marília, inclusive a dela mesma, destacaram como centrais duas emoções: a tristeza e a ira. Isso mostrou que estas operam no interior de um dispositivo emocional que estabelece lugares, possibilidades e limites para as mulheres a partir da percepção de seus corpos e mentes interconectados, dos marcadores sociais da diferença e dos discursos dos saberes expertos, além disso, que as resistências emocionais são constantes.

Abstract Johns Hopkins Hospital was ordered to pay $261 million to the Kowalski family (1) following a lawsuit revealing ethical and systemic failures in medical care. The story follows Maya, diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Ketamine treatment turns into tragedy when misunderstandings lead to false accusations against the mother. Maya is separated from her parents, facing devastating consequences. This case highlights medical gaslighting. Lack of communication, institutional accountability, poor patient-physician relationships and non-maleficence contributed to this tragedy and raises ethical questions about the use of experimental treatments. The story underscores the importance of a doctor-patient relationship based on trust and empathy, as well as the need for ongoing ethical training for health professionals. Bioethics must be fundamental in medical care to avoid tragedies such as that of the Kowalski family.

Resumen El Hospital Johns Hopkins fue condenado a pagar 261 millones de dólares a la familia Kowalski (1) tras una demanda que revela fallos éticos y sistémicos en la atención médica. La historia sigue a Maya, diagnosticada con Síndrome de dolor regional complejo (SDRC). El tratamiento con ketamina se convierte en una tragedia cuando malentendidos llevan a acusaciones falsas contra la madre. Maya es separada de sus padres, enfrentando consecuencias devastadoras. Este caso destaca el “gaslighting médico”. La falta de comunicación, responsabilidad institucional, la mala relación médico-paciente y no maleficencia, contribuyeron a esta tragedia y plantea preguntas éticas sobre el uso de tratamientos experimentales. La historia subraya la importancia de una relación médico-paciente basada en la confianza y la empatía, así como la necesidad de formación ética continua para los profesionales de la salud. La bioética debe ser fundamental en la atención médica para evitar tragedias como la de la familia Kowalski.

Abstract Introduction: In February 2021, one year after the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic to Mexico, the vaccination so eagerly awaited began. As in many other countries, the first summoned to receive the vaccine were the elderly, because their increased risk of death when contracting this new disease. A group of advanced Medicine students from a public university in Mexico City were involved in the first stage of the vaccination process in an area of southern Mexico City inhabited by low-income population Objective: The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze the experiences lived by four of these students who participated in it. Method: The research was oriented by the theoretical methodological tradition known as Narrative Inquiry, which focuses on the story of lived experiences as a way of representing the human experience deployed in time and space. This strategy delve into the comprehension of the meaning of the events reported for those who experience them in that socio-historical context. The stories analyzed here come from the final social service reports prepared throughout 2021 by the participants, two men and two women. The analysis and interpretation were carried out directly by the author of this paper within the guidelines of the Narrative Inquiry tradition. Results: The stories about the vicissitudes lived by these young future doctors with the older adults they cared for made it possible to highlight some of the anxieties, fears and reactions they faced and some of their effects on the incipient constitution of their professional identity. Final considerations: The stories analyzed nourish the reflection on the personal and professional conflicts experienced on the path that leads to becoming a doctor in a particularly demanding situation and reveal the power of Narrative Inquiry.

Resúmen Introducción: A un año de la llegada de la pandemia de Covid-19 a México, en febrero de 2021 inició la vacunación tan ansiosamente esperada. Los primeros invitados a recibir la vacuna fueron los adultos mayores por su mayor riesgo de muerte al contraer la enfermedad. Un grupo de estudiantes avanzados de Medicina de una universidad pública de la Ciudad de México participaron en esta primera etapa del proceso en una región del sur de esta ciudad habitada por población de bajos recursos económicos. Objetivo: Recoger y estudiar las experiencias vividas por cuatro estudiantes avanzados de Medicina involucrados en la primera fase de vacunación contra Covid-19 en una zona pobre de la Ciudad de México Método: Esta indagación estuvo orientada por la tradición teórico-metodológica conocida como Investigación Narrativa, que se centra en el relato de las experiencias vividas como forma de representar la experiencia humana desplegada en el tiempo y en el espacio entendidos como contexto histórico-social en el que puede comprenderse el significado de los acontecimientos relatados para quienes los experimentan. Las narraciones analizadas proceden de los informes finales de servicio social elaborados a lo largo de 2021 por los cuatro estudiantes que participaron, dos varones y dos mujeres. El análisis e interpretación fueron efectuados por la autora bajo los lineamientos de la Investigación Narrativa Resultados: Se presentan fragmentos narrativos sobre las vicisitudes atravesadas por los participantes, las ansiedades, temores y reacciones que enfrentaron, la manera como lo hicieron, la forma en la que se lo representaron, y algunos efectos de todo ello sobre la constitución de su incipiente identidad profesional. Consideraciones finales: Los relatos estudiados nutren la reflexión sobre los conflictos personales y profesionales vividos a lo largo de la ruta hacia convertirse en médico en una situación especialmente demandante y muestran la potencia de la Investigación Narrativa.

Resumen Las mujeres que proveen cuidados al interior de las familias no constituyen un grupo homogéneo. Sobre ellas recae una gran proporción de la carga mental y física de la vida diaria, incluso cuando su avanzada edad las coloca en condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad. Aunque presentan una esperanza de vida mayor a los hombres, las condiciones en las que cursan su propia vejez son inciertas. En este sentido, el presente trabajo cualitativo, adherido a un marco interpretativo, a través de entrevistas a profundidad y observaciones participantes, pretende visibilizar la historia de tres mujeres, ahora mayores, que estuvieron a cargo de cuidar de familiares con enfermedades crónico degenerativas en Mérida, Yucatán, y cómo este trabajo ha impactado en su proceso de envejecimiento y en su vida. Lo anterior permite la creación de narrativas que anticipan designaciones desiguales, tensiones y costos invisibles para aquellas que, mientras envejecían, se dedicaban a sostener a otros (as).

Abstract Women who provide care within families do not make up a homogeneous group. A large proportion of the physical and mental burden of daily life falls on them, even puts them in more vulnerable positions. Although they have a longer life expectancy than men, the conditions in which they live their own old age are uncertain. In this sense, the present qualitative work, which adheres to an interpretative framework through in-depth interviews and participant observations, aims to make visible the story of three elderly women who took on the responsibility to care for family members with chronic degenerative diseases in Mérida, Yucatán, and how this work has impacted their lives and aging processes. This allows the creation of narratives that anticipate unequal designations, tensions and the unseen costs for those who, while getting older, dedicated their lives to sustaining others.

Resumen: ¿Puede un edificio no sólo alojar, sino promover la creatividad y la innovación? El Centro de Innovación INES en el Campus Collao de la Universidad del Bío-Bío en Concepción, Chile, responde afirmativamente a esta pregunta. El edificio de cinco pisos, de hormigón pigmentado rojizo, se distingue de los diseños isomorfos y de planta libre que predominan en la arquitectura de la educación y de oficinas contemporánea. Un espacio central tipo atrio conecta verticalmente todos los pisos. A diferencia de los atrios convencionales, este rompe con la idea de un espacio uniforme: ningún piso ni sus conexiones son iguales. El fuerte carácter espacial del edificio busca fomentar la colaboración y promover una cultura de trabajo dinámica. Si tiene éxito en ello lo determinarán investigadores y usuarios, pero su diseño audaz e intrigante seguramente atraerá a la comunidad universitaria, consolidándolo como una adición destacada al campus.

Abstract: Can a building support, better still, promote creativity and innovation? The INES Innovation Center at Campus Collao of Universidad del Bío-Bío in Concepción, Chile, answers this question affirmatively. This five-story building of reddish pigmented concrete stands out against the prevalent isomorphic, undifferentiated free plans that dominate contemporary educational and office architecture alike. A central atrium-like space connects all floors vertically. Unlike traditional atriums, this one rejects a one-size-fits-all approach: no two floors or their connections are alike. The building’s strong spatial character aims to promote a dynamic work culture and foster collaboration. Whether it succeeds is for researchers and users to determine, but its bold and intriguing design will certainly attract the university community, making it a standout addition to the campus.

Resumo Las peregrinaciones de Teresa é um livro de contos escrito por María Teresa León e publicado em 1950. Neste artigo são analisados dois dos contos a partir da perspectiva do uso que, na introdução, a autora faz do neologismo transmemoria. O objetivo é explorar o potencial crítico deste termo como significado essencial dos contos analisados. Isto leva a refutar o uso que Hirsch, Young e Bedingfield fazem dos conceitos de pós-memória e transmemória desde o início do século XXI para realçar o valor da produção de discursos “vicariantes” sobre o passado pela segunda geração de exilados e imigrantes a partir da sua própria reinterpretação do trauma sofrido pelos seus pais. Com base na análise das duas narrativas e no uso que León faz do termo transmemória, este artigo reivindica um modelo alternativo de memória em que as narrativas resultantes têm um papel emancipatório e em que a utopia prevalece sobre o trauma e a experiência sobre a herança.

Resumen Las peregrinaciones de Teresa es un libro de cuentos escrito por María Teresa León y publicado en 1950. En este artículo, se analizan dos de los cuentos desde la perspectiva del uso que, en la introducción, la autora hace del neologismo transmemoria. El objetivo es explorar el potencial crítico de este término como significado esencial de esos relatos. Ello lleva a cuestionar la utilización que, desde principios del siglo XXI, han hecho Hirsch, Young y Bedingfield de los conceptos de postmemoria y transmemoria para destacar el valor de la producción de discursos “vicarios” sobre el pasado por parte de la segunda generación de exiliados e inmigrantes según su propia reinterpretación del trauma sufrido por sus padres. A partir del análisis de los dos relatos y del uso que León hace del término transmemoria, este trabajo reivindica un modelo alternativo de memoria en el que los relatos resultantes poseen un papel emancipador y en el que la utopía prevalece sobre el trauma y la experiencia sobre la herencia.

Abstract María Teresa León’s Las peregrinaciones de Teresa is a short story collection published in 1950. This article examines two of its stories from the perspective of the neologism transmemoria, which the author presents in her introduction, with the aim of exploring its critical potential for analyzing the essential meaning of the stories. This allows us to question the use that Hirsch, Young and Bedingfield have made of the concepts of postmemory and transmemory since the early 21st century to highlight the value of the production of “vicarious” discourses about the past by the second generation of exiles and immigrants based on their own reinterpretation of the trauma suffered by their parents. From the analysis of the two narratives and León's use of the term transmemoria, this article argues for an alternative model of memory in which the resulting narratives have an emancipatory role and in which utopia prevails over trauma and experience over inheritance.

Resumo A busca masculina por um amor romântico idealizado, por meio de caminhos urbanos marcados pelo acaso, é tema recorrente na narrativa de Julio Cortázar. Analisamos e comparamos as transposições audiovisuais de dois contos de Cortázar nos quais é possível reconhecer diferentes modulações deste romance urbano: os filmes Der gläserne Himmel (Alemanha, 1987), de Nina Grosse, baseado no conto “O outro céu”; e Jogo subterrâneo (Brasil, 2005), de Roberto Gervitz, baseado em “Manuscrito encontrado num bolso”. Ambos os filmes mostram a versatilidade das ficções de Cortázar ao se cruzarem com diferentes gêneros, épocas e contextos. Ao mesmo tempo, reconfiguram a assimetria na construção dos protagonistas masculinos e das personagens femininas, apresentadas como símbolos e não como indivíduos na narrativa de Cortázar.

Resumen La búsqueda masculina de un amor romántico idealizado por medio de recorridos urbanos signados por el azar constituye un tópico recurrente en la narrativa de Julio Cortázar. Se analizan y comparan las transposiciones audiovisuales de dos cuentos de Cortázar en los que es posible reconocer diferentes modulaciones del romance urbano cortazariano: los largometrajes Der gläserne Himmel (Alemania, 1987), de Nina Grosse, basado en el cuento “El otro cielo”; y Jogo subterraneo (Brasil, 2005), de Roberto Gervitz, basado en “Manuscrito hallado en un bolsillo”. Ambos films manifiestan la versatilidad de las ficciones cortazarianas para cruzarse con géneros, épocas y contextos diversos. A la vez, reconfiguran la asimetría en la construcción de los protagonistas masculinos y los personajes femeninos, presentados como símbolos antes que como individuos en la narrativa de Cortázar.

Abstract The masculine search for an idealized romantic love through urban journeys marked by chance is a recurring topic in the narrative of Julio Cortázar. We analyze and compare the film adaptations of two short stories by Cortázar, in which it is possible to recognize different modulations of this urban romance: Der gläserne Himmel (Germany, 1987), by Nina Grosse, based on the story “The Other Sky”; and Jogo subterraneo (Brazil, 2005), by Roberto Gervitz, based on “Manuscript Found in a Pocket”. Both films show the versatility of Cortazar's fictions to intersect with different genres, times and contexts. At the same time, they reconfigure the asymmetry in the construction of the male protagonists and the female characters, presented in Cortázar's narrative as symbols rather than as individuals.

Abstract The COVID 19 pandemic generated consequences for children, reflecting the social and psychological impact worldwide due to changes such as the absence of face-to-face classes and the transfer of education to homes. This not only represented a challenge for children, but also for families and educational institutions, who are in charge of the development of children's emotional regulation. This qualitative research based on grounded theory, aims to analyze the role of protective and risk factors related to the development of emotional regulation in children aged 4 and 5 years that were present during the context of remote education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. in 2020. For this, 5 interviews were conducted virtually with staff from an educational institution, as well as with 2 mothers of students who were in preschool in 2020, and a focus group with 5 mothers. In addition, an in-person activity was carried out with two groups of children, lasting approximately 40 minutes with each group, who were taught the story of the “Color Monster” to talk and identify emotions, as well as a space to paint and develop a dialogue, which allowed us to know their perspective of the pandemic, and the labeling of emotions they have. Protective and risk factors were also identified, such as listening to and discussing emotions, communication between family and school, support in the educational process, among others. It is concluded that, similar to international studies, this situation caused changes in daily routines, eating, sleeping, socialization with peers, and childhood emotions. For families it meant assuming a new role as educators for which they were not prepared. Both teachers and families highlighted the overload experienced. Protective and risk factors were identified such as listening to and discussing emotions, communication between family and school, support in the educational process, among others.

Resumen La pandemia por COVID 19 generó consecuencias en la niñez. La afectación a nivel social y psicológico se reflejó mundialmente debido a cambios como la ausencia de clases presenciales y el traslado de la educación a los hogares. Esto no solo significó un reto para la niñez, sino también para las familias y para las instituciones educativas a cargo del desarrollo de la regulación emocional de esta. Esta investigación, de corte cualitativo y abordada según la teoría fundamentada, analiza el papel de los factores protectores y riesgosos relacionados con el desarrollo de la regulación emocional en niñez de 4 y 5 años, que estuvo presente durante el contexto de la educación remota por motivo de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el año 2020. Para esto se realizaron 5 entrevistas virtuales con personal de una institución educativa, con 2 madres de estudiantes que estuvieron en preescolar en el año 2020, y con un grupo focal de 5 madres. Además, se realizó una actividad presencial de aproximadamente 40 minutos con dos grupos de estudiantes, a quienes se les enseñó el cuento “Monstruo de colores” para conversar e identificar emociones. Asimismo, se abrió un espacio para pintar y desarrollar un diálogo con el fin de conocer la perspectiva de la pandemia y el etiquetamiento de emociones que poseían. Se concluyó que, de manera similar a estudios internacionales, esta situación desencadenó cambios en rutinas cotidianas, alimentación, sueño, socialización con pares y cambios en las emociones de la niñez. A su vez, para las familias, supuso asumir un nuevo rol como personas educadoras para el cual no estaban preparadas. Se identificaron factores protectores y riesgosos como la escucha y el diálogo de las emociones, la comunicación entre familia y escuela, el apoyo en el proceso educativo, entre otros.

Abstract Digital storytelling apps can be suitable for stimulating and assessing oral communicative competence, which consists of the linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic competences. Therefore, after evaluating the immersive potential of the app Imagistory and its ability to foster oral production in early childhood education, this empirical research-non experimental, descriptive and observational-focuses on: 1) assessing the oral communicative competence of early childhood education students (N=93), through the recording of their oral speech via this app, and 2) identifying the relationship between the competence level showed and the engagement generated by the narrative task with the app. The methodology is mixed: qualitative, attached to the hermeneutic paradigm-as the researchers analyses the content of the stories created considering the indicators related to the oral communicative competence-, and, quantitative, linked to the statistical treatment of data collected with an instrument designed and validated (α=0.805). The results highlight a medium-high competence level of the students, regardless of their age and genre. Good pronunciation is detected as well as a correct use of morphological elements, verbal tenses, and vocabulary in their oral productions. This competence correlates significantly with the engagement generated by the app. The sequence of illustrations included has increased their interest, curiosity, and immersion in the story, thus contributing to the creation of a coherent and cohesive oral story. In conclusion, these tools allow assessing the oral speech in early childhood, developing the initial diagnosis of this competence, detecting their limitations, and verifying their progress.

Resumen Las apps creadoras de relatos digitales pueden ser idóneas para estimular y evaluar la competencia comunicativa oral, explicada a partir de las competencias lingüística, socio-lingüística y pragmática. Así, tras evaluar el potencial inmersivo y la capacidad para potenciar la producción verbal en la Educación Infantil de la app Imagistory, esta investigación empírica -no experimental, descriptiva y observacional- se centra en: 1) evaluar la competencia comunicativa oral del alumnado de educación infantil (N=93) mediante el registro de sus producciones orales utilizando dicha app, y 2) identificar la relación entre el nivel competencial mostrado y el engagement suscitado por la tarea narrativa apoyada en la app. La metodología es mixta: ‘cualitativa’, adscrita al paradigma hermenéutico, pues los investigadores analizan el contenido de los relatos elaborados atendiendo a indicadores intrínsecos a la competencia comunicativa oral y, ‘cuantitativa’, ligada al tratamiento estadístico de los datos recabados con un instrumento diseñado y validado (α=0,805). Los resultados subrayan un nivel competencial del alumnado medio-alto, independientemente de la edad y género, detectándose la buena pronunciación y uso correcto de elementos morfológicos, tiempos verbales y vocabulario en sus producciones orales. Esta competencia se correlaciona significativamente con el engagement suscitado por la app. La secuencia de ilustraciones que presenta ha incrementado su interés, curiosidad e inmersión en la historia, lo que contribuye a la construcción de un relato oral coherente y cohesionado. En conclusión, estas herramientas permiten evaluar el discurso oral en primeras edades, elaborar el diagnóstico inicial de esta competencia, detectar las limitaciones del alumnado y constatar su progreso.

This paper explores the progression of second-order concepts in seven purposively sampled South African CAPS-compliant history textbooks. History knowledge encompasses both the substantive and procedural knowledge types, with second-order concepts forming an integral component of the latter. Textbook writers and educators use this knowledge in their domains without a predetermined trajectory. These concepts are not mere skills but fundamental notions guiding historical practice. Their meaningful integration into learning materials forms a necessary toolkit for historical inquiry. Drawing from a broader PhD study,1 a Bernsteinian (1990) framework and the 'big six' concepts articulated by Seixas and Peck (2004) are used to analyse the content of seven chapters, one per book, telling the story of the history of South Africa across grades three to nine in the foundation, intermediate, and senior phases of the South African school curriculum. A continuum was populated, articulating the strengths of the second-order concepts ranging from a powerful presence to those weakly incorporated. The findings indicate a sporadic presence of the six concepts-historical significance, continuity and change, cause and consequence, historical perspectives, and the moral dimension across the textbooks. There is a more inclusive focus in the senior grades and less so in lower grades. The concepts also lack continuous and cumulative development. If these 'structural' historical concepts provide the basis for historical thinking, it is unclear how they advance through the grades with increasing levels of complexity. The methodology of history is thus not a universal or one-size-fits-all endeavour but an iterative process inculcating concepts that are nuanced and inherently abstract.