Resumen: Este artículo analiza el impacto potencial de los chatbots en el mejoramiento del servicio al cliente en la industria logística, evaluando el rendimiento de diez destacadas empresas en Colombia, Perú y Ecuador (zona CPE). Estas empresas, insertas en el sector de servicios logísticos, desempeñan un papel crucial en la cadena de suministro, ofreciendo servicios especializados que abarcan transporte, almacenamiento y otras áreas dentro de su actividad económica. El estudio, que incluyó a 1250 usuarios individuales tipo B2C (empresa a consumidor) de chatbots, se enfocó en analizar la efectividad de estas herramientas y su repercusión en la conformidad del cliente. Mediante análisis de regresión múltiple, se identificaron elementos fundamentales que inciden en la satisfacción del cliente, como la capacidad de abordar problemas, el conocimiento detallado de la empresa, la autonomía en la resolución de problemas, la precisión gramatical y la reputación general. Los resultados destacan el potencial de los agentes virtuales para mejorar significativamente la atención al consumidor en la logística, señalando su eficacia en la resolución de problemas, familiaridad con productos y servicios, autonomía en la resolución de problemas, corrección gramatical y recomendaciones de usuarios. Estos hallazgos son cruciales para el sector logístico, subrayando el papel transformador de los chatbots en la elevación de la satisfacción del cliente y la eficiencia operativa mediante la integración tecnológica.

Abstract: The article analyzes the potential effectiveness of chatbots on enhancing consumer service in the logistics industry, assessing the performance of ten prominent companies in Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador (CPE region). These companies, situated in the logistics services sector, play a crucial role in the supply chain, offering specialized services encompassing transportation, storage, and other areas within their economic activities. The study, involving 1250 individual B2C (business-to-consumer) users of chatbots, focused on analyzing the effectiveness of these tools and their impact on customer satisfaction. Through multiple regression analysis, key factors influencing customer satisfaction were identified, such as the ability to address issues, detailed knowledge of the company, autonomy in issue resolution, grammatical accuracy, and overall reputation. The results underscore the significant potential of chatbots to enhance customer service in logistics, emphasizing their effectiveness in issue resolution, familiarity with products and services, autonomy in issue resolution, grammatical correctness, and user recommendations. These findings are vital for the logistics sector, highlighting the transformative role of chatbots in elevating customer satisfaction and operational efficiency through technological integration.

Abstract Brazilian agribusiness is continuously seeking new technologies and arable areas for expansion. Often, the expansion often occurs without proper planning and integration with logistic system actors, especially in agricultural frontier regions like the MATOPIBA region. To improve investment decision-making, it is essential to plan the location of new bulk warehouses. This planning can facilitate a virtuous process that incorporates intermodality and environmental preservation aspects. The objective of this article is to evaluate whether a combination of locational criteria that consider environmental and intermodality aspects can identify the most suitable regions for the installation of subterminal warehouses. The methodology combines Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and geoprocessing techniques. The application of the method allowed ranking the candidate regions for the installation of warehouses. The results indicated three large areas suitable for the grain storage that together represent 12% of the study area. The conclusion of the research was that, in addition to economic aspects, the inclusion of environmental and logistics factors in the spatial location analysis promotes a more sustainable storage network, with well-positioned warehouses and less competition. Often actors region decisionmaking, decisionmaking decision making, making decision-making AHP (AHP techniques 12 area network wellpositioned well positioned competition 1

Resumo O agronegócio brasileiro avança em busca de tecnologias e novas áreas agricultáveis. Muitas vezes, a expansão das áreas agrícolas ocorre sem planejamento integrado com os atores do sistema logístico, especialmente em regiões de fronteira agrícola, como a região do MATOPIBA. O planejamento da localização de novos armazéns graneleiros contribui para a melhoria do processo de tomada de decisão para investimentos. Além disso, possibilita um processo virtuoso que permite a incorporação de aspectos para fomentar a intermodalidade e a preservação ambiental. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é avaliar se uma combinação de critérios locacionais que considerem aspectos ambientais e de intermodalidade pode identificar regiões mais adequadas para a instalação de armazéns graneleiros do tipo subterminal. A metodologia utilizada agrega a Análise Hierárquica de Processos (AHP) e técnicas de geoprocessamento. A aplicação dos métodos permitiu classificar as regiões candidatas para a instalação de armazéns. Os resultados indicaram três grandes áreas adequadas para a armazenagem de grãos, que juntas representam 12% da área de estudo. A conclusão da pesquisa foi que, além de aspectos econômicos, a inclusão de fatores ambientais e de infraestrutura logística na análise espacial da localização promove uma rede de armazenagem mais sustentável, com armazéns bem posicionados e com menor competição. agricultáveis vezes logístico agrícola MATOPIBA investimentos disso ambiental Assim subterminal AHP (AHP geoprocessamento grãos 12 estudo econômicos sustentável competição 1

Resumen Las condiciones caóticas después de un desastre pueden causar desequilibrios en la cadena de suministro, afectando el nivel de inventario en cada ubicación de almacenamiento y en los albergues destinados para la atención de las personas afectadas. El objetivo común para todas las operaciones de socorro es acceder a las personas necesitadas y entregar la ayuda a tiempo. Ahora bien, se propone un enfoque de un modelo de gestión de inventarios mediante el uso de transbordos laterales, se considera que de esta manera se puede mejorar la efectividad de las actividades de ayuda entre albergues. Así, que se presenta un modelo de decisión orientado a la gestión de inventarios en logística humanitaria en la fase de posdesastres ante un posible sismo. El modelo propuesto vincula inventarios de demanda estocástica con revisión periódica para la toma de decisiones en el proceso de gestión de suministros con transbordo lateral.

Abstract The chaotic conditions after a disaster can cause imbalances in the supply chain, affecting the level of inventory in each storage location and the shelters destined for the care of the affected people. The common goal for all relief operations is to reach people in need and deliver aid on time. Now, an inventory management model approach is proposed through the use of lateral transfers, it is considered that in this way the effectiveness of the help activities between shelters can be improved. Thus, a decision model oriented to inventory management in humanitarian logistics in the post-disaster phase in the event of a possible earthquake is presented. The proposed model links stochastic demand inventories with a periodic review for the decisions making in the supply management process with lateral transshipment.

ABSTRACT. Technical regulations that determine milk quality standards in Brazil establish the minimum criteria that the processing industry's raw material must present. These rules can challenge the logistics sector (transport) to maintain adequate milk conservation levels. We aimed to evaluate the influence of bulk transport and storage conditions on refrigerated raw milk quality. The experiment was carried out in a dairy industry in Santa Catarina State. Information and samples of refrigerated raw milk were collected from dairy farms, from isothermal compartments of milk trucks, and from the industry's storage silo. These samples were submitted to microbiological analysis, somatic cell count (SCC), and physicochemical analysis. The results were evaluated by ANOVA and multivariate analysis (factor analysis). The transport of raw milk in bulk and the transfer of raw material to the industrial silo worsened the milk's microbiological quality (p < 0.0001) for standard plate count (SPC) and psychrotrophic microorganism count (PMC), without affecting, the physicochemical characteristics of the milk (p > 0.05). Poor hygienic conditions in milk storage rooms, in the refrigeration bulk tanks of the dairy farms, and during the transport, as well as the transport on longer routes, were related to higher SPC and psychrotrophic count while receiving milk by the dairy industry with higher temperatures was only associated with higher SPC. ABSTRACT industrys s present (transport levels State farms trucks SCC, SCC , (SCC) factor . analysis) milks p 0.0001 00001 0 0001 (SPC PMC, PMC (PMC) affecting 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) rooms routes (SCC 0.000 0000 000 (PMC 00 0.0 0.00 0.

Abstract The influence of refrigeration on the post-embryonic development of Chrysomya putoria larvae was evaluated, regarding its resistance in the logistics of storage and distribution in biotherapy. Previously sterilized larvae were submitted to four periods of storage under refrigeration (T1=12 h, T2=24 h, T3=48 h and T4=72 h) and control (without sterilization and refrigeration). Newly hatched larvae (0.200 g) were stored between 3 and 9ºC. After refrigeration, 40 neo-larvae (in triplicate) were transferred to 50 g of protein diet and incubated in an acclimatized chamber. There was a significant difference in the larval body mass (T1 and T2) and in the duration of larval, pupal and total development (T3 and T4). The sex ratios found in the four treatments did not differ from what was expected. Normality rates were 100% for all treatments. There was no significant difference between the Control, T1 and T2 treatments for larval, pupal and total viability. There was a significant difference between control (C) and T4 (larval viability), between C, T3 and T4 (pupa) and between C and T4 (total). C. putoria has resistance under refrigeration and storage of up to 56 h, presenting viability above 70% for use in biotherapy. postembryonic post embryonic evaluated biotherapy T1=12 T112 T 12 (T1=1 T224 24 T2=2 T348 48 T3=4 T472 72 T4=7 without refrigeration. . refrigeration) 0.200 0200 0 200 (0.20 9ºC ºC 4 neolarvae neo triplicate 5 chamber (T T4. T4) expected 100 Control (C viability, , viability) pupa (pupa total. (total) 70 T1=1 T11 1 (T1= T22 2 T2= T34 T3= T47 7 T4= 0.20 020 20 (0.2 10 (total T1= 0.2 02 (0. 0. (0 (

Abstract Paper aims The paper aims to analyze preparedness and response for epidemics and pandemics, taking as reference the COVID-19 pandemic, to provide a foundation for developing a preparedness and response protocol to guide Civil Defenses fighting against health threats. For this purpose, we present the results of interviews carried out with Brazilian Civil Defenses, evaluating the role and the type of responsibility (in charge or supportive) of 12 entities in four key areas: (i) awareness and training; (ii) surveillance; (iii) information and communication; (iv) logistics and supplies. Originality The role of Civil Defenses in health threats still needs to be explored in academia. We often see Civil Defenses working to reduce risks and damages suffered by the population in case of disasters such as floods, landslides, and fires. In this paper, we go deeper into Civil Defense’s role and show that its efforts can be headed to face biological disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, the paper is original as it brings an innovative outlook on the role of Civil Defense, providing inputs for developing a preparedness and response protocol for epidemics and pandemics. Research method We analyze 12 Brazilian Civil Defenses from different States in Brazil. The results were gathered through 9 interviews via video call and three responses from a questionnaire that guided the interviews. We evaluated data from Civil Defenses individually, and then using content analysis, we categorized the data to structure the results and raise essential insights. Main findings Most of the actions taken by the Civil Defenses during the pandemic response included logistics-related activities such as storage, transportation, distribution of required supplies, and mobilization of supply operations. Implications for theory and practice The findings emphasize the capacity of Civil Defenses to act in a vast scope of disasters, including biological disasters. Also, this study helps practitioners to develop guidelines and protocols to support Civil Defense in preparedness and response activities to epidemics and pandemics. pandemics COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 purpose supportive 1 areas i (i training ii (ii surveillance iii (iii communication iv (iv supplies academia floods landslides fires s sense Brazil individually analysis insights logisticsrelated related storage transportation operations Also COVID1 COVID-

Abstract Sampling deep-sea biota is a significant challenge because of the logistics required, in terms of vessels and equipment, to obtain minimally preserved specimens. Traditional methods (trawls, nets, and dredges) cause physical damage, stress, and even contamination during the process of removal from the seabed and their displacement through the water column to the surface. Preserving conditions similar to those found in situ is particularly important when the sampling strives to maintain living organisms and for analyses where contamination or degradation by stress or damage may interfere with the results. Therefore, for the sampling and storage of this biota with less interference, a polypropylene box was designed based on the model of Kellogg et al. (2009) incorporating adaptations to be used by a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). This new device has been successfully used in eight oceanographic campaigns, adequately performing for sediment and biota sampling, including coral reef forming or framework species (Scleractinia), octocorals, associated fauna, and rhodoliths, at depths between 50 and 900 m. deepsea deep sea required equipment specimens trawls, trawls (trawls nets dredges surface results Therefore interference al 2009 (2009 ROV. ROV . (ROV) campaigns Scleractinia, Scleractinia , (Scleractinia) octocorals fauna rhodoliths 5 90 m 200 (200 (ROV (Scleractinia 9 20 (20 2 (2 (

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Summary: The new Coronavirus SARS CoV-2 pandemic was declared at the beginning of March 2020 when the Uruguayan government appointed the National Contingency Plan for the COVID-19 disease caused by this virus. This plan included non-pharmacological preventive measures such as: hand hygiene, physical distancing, use of different types of masks according to the risk of who should wear them, in some periods, restrictions to mobility, educational activities or public shows, and movement by land, air or sea. Responsible freedom was strongly called for. In December 2020, the Vaccination Strategy was included as a primary prevention mechanism. On 3/1/2021, the COVID-19 2021 Vaccination Campaign began, it was non-mandatory, population-based, initially for people over 19 years of age, and for adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age and pregnant women since June. The National Honorary Scientific Advisory Group (GACH) together with the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (CNAV) of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) that has vast experience in advising health authorities in scientific decisions on the introduction of vaccines, and an ad-Hoc Commission created for COVID-19 vaccines, brought together experts to advise on the vaccination strategy. The Honorary Commission for the Fight Against Tuberculosis and Prevalent Diseases (CHLA-EP), as the operational branch of the MSP’s Department of Immunizations, has participated with all stakeholders since December to implement the COVID-19 Population Vaccination Campaign without neglecting their tasks regarding the vaccination to prevent other infectious diseases. Methodology: a descriptive, retrospective study was carried out regarding the strategies implemented by the Immunization Operational Department (operational branch of the Ministry of Health’s Immunization Department), A. Calmette Laboratory, Honorary Commission, General Coordination and Administrative Departments between November, 2020 and July 2021. Data source: reports were issued or provided specially for this work by the Immunization Operational Department, A. Calmette Laboratory, by the Ministry of Public Health’s immunization Department, Human Resources, Material Resources, Support, Communication and Design Service, Peripheral Centers, Executive Board and General secretariat. Results: the results of the 4 periods are as follows: 1- Planning (Period November - December 2020), 2- Training, hiring of human resources and advice for the acquisition of qualitative and quantitative material resources (January - February 2021), 3- Opening of COVID-19 vaccination centers (Hubs), posts and launch of the COVID-19 Campaign (March 2021), 4- Overlap of the 2021 flu campaign (April-June) and maintenance of vaccine coverage (National Immunization Programme - PNI). 1- Planning: The characteristics of the different vaccines (dead virus vaccines, vector vaccines and in particular mRNA vaccines, with storage requirements of -70ºC, transfer and distribution requirements of -25ºC, and reconstitution and use of +2 + 8ºC) were taken into account in the different scenarios. Risk and costs analysis were performed. We interchanged data with different companies that provided this service, we participated in training activities with some of them, mainly in the design of a solid cold chain without failures (e.g. a Vac-Q-tec training activity). The transfer of vaccines to hubs, tertiary vaccination centers or peripheral vaccination centers was designed. The different destination site of the vaccines, the different possible scenarios were taken into account, both at local central level (Montevideo - Carrasco International Airport), but also at National level using the different air terminals. Similarly, strategies for the distribution of vaccines by land were planned involving different public or private actors based on the institutions’ experience, both regarding the vaccination campaign and in the PNI maintenance. We made a supply acquisition plan for the vaccine’s storage and distribution, for the vaccination itself, and for the purchase of supplies jointly with the Procurement Department of the Ministry of Economy and Executive Secretariat of the MSP. Six-people vaccination teams were created with clear roles and with the slogan of rapid, universal, free and safe vaccination for all. 2- Training: Courses and materials were organized for the staff to acquire updated knowledge about SARS CoV 2 and COVID-19, transmission mechanisms, use and planning of use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and of course, a detailed monitoring of the vaccines being developed. We carried out a thorough analysis of the vaccine companies to arrive in Uruguay, we focused on 3 of them (Pfizer BioNtech, CoronaVac, Oxford AZ). Training was carried out by roles (vaccinators, preppers, administrators, position referents, backups). Special emphasis was placed on the training of the care of the person to be vaccinated, registration of the vaccination act, end-to-end cold chain, disposal of used materials and filing out inspection forms. All the contents and materials were available on the Institution’s webpage. Human resources: human resources were allocated for the creation, signature and registration of the paperwork for 1,463 new contracts for teams across the country. These resources were allocated not only to vaccination itself, but also to actively participate in each of the vaccination posts. This meant that the work was multiplied by 6 for the tasks required during this period. The Department of Material Resources, went from packaging and distributing from 7 to 15 packages a month to 80 packages a month for each Peripheral/Vaccination Center. Material shipment quadrupled at the beginning of the campaign and it eventually grew by five and sixfold. Some of the key figures to highlight are: 3, 300,000 needle syringes, 8,800 liters of Eucalyptus Alcohol, 852,000 latex and nitrile gloves and 141,000 isolation gowns. 3. COVID-19 Vaccination Hubs, Posts and Campaigns. We gradually opened maximum response mass vaccination Hubs in Montevideo (8), Canelones (1) and Maldonado (1). Since it was had been decided to vaccinate 3 to 5 people every 15 minutes, the primary results at the Hospital de Clínicas Hub were 211,153 doses administered in 32 vaccination posts, and at Antel Arena Hub 615,637 doses were administered in its 15 vaccination posts. As of July 31, there were 144 COVID 19 vaccination posts throughout the national territory. The distribution was made nationwide: 3,229,320 Sinovac vaccine doses, 97,790 Oxford-Astra Zeneca vaccine doses, and 1,585,452 Pfizer-BioNtech vaccine doses. We devised 60 teams including a referent (identification, registration, control), a trainer, 2 vaccinators and vaccination driver for Homes for the Elderly at ELEPEM and people needing special care. They actively participated in the vaccination at ELEPEM, Shelters and Schools for Children with Special Needs and visited a total of 1679 Institutions and overall, 35,006 people were vaccinated. 4- Overlap of the 2021 flu campaign (April-June) and the maintenance of the COVID vaccine coverage (National Immunization Programme - PNI). Since 04/24/2021, the Anti-Flu Campaign began, and it overlapped the COVID-19 campaign described above, which meant reinforcing strategies and expanding actions to be able to carry out both campaigns simultaneously, always with the objective of maintaining the National Immunization Program. Vaccination was carried out at the ELEPEM, as it is performed annually by the commission and vaccination of COVID-19, influenza and PNI was performed on the territory. According to the data received on July 17 in the Ministry of Public Health Immunization Unit Report (week 12), there were 605,802 registered doses, of which at least 87,802 had been administered by the Institution. This difference regarding previous campaigns could have been caused by the intense work carried out during the COVID19 Vaccination Campaign. Within the framework of the inter-institutional activity “Barrio a Barrio” (Vaccination in all Neighborhoods), 7,225 people were vaccinated with the influenza vaccine at the CHLA-EP mobile vaccination bus in Montevideo. The CHLA-EP has contributed with logistics and vaccination with a 2-dose schedule for the 3 platforms and a booster dose for those who received virus vaccines. The CHLA-EP has contributed to achieving the target of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign between 1/3 and 8/29/21: 5,487,181 doses were applied, 2,065,269 people received 1 dose of vaccine and 2,496,290 of them received 2 doses and 333,662 have received booster doses. Conclusion: the planning, training, provision of human and material resources has enabled us to successfully carry out two historical simultaneous vaccination campaigns in hubs, vaccination centers, ELEPEM and all along the territory.

Resumo: A pandemia causada pela infecção pelo novo Coronavírus SARS CoV-2 determinou que no Uruguai no início de março de 2020 o governo elaborasse o Plano Nacional de Contingência para a doença COVID-19 causada por este vírus. Este plano incluía medidas preventivas não farmacológicas como: higiene das mãos, distanciamento físico, uso de diferentes tipos de máscaras dependendo do risco de quem as deve usar, em alguns períodos várias restrições à circulação de pessoas, atividades educativas ou espetáculos públicos e a trânsito por terra, ar ou mar). Foi feito um forte apelo à liberdade responsável. A partir de dezembro de 2020, decidiu-se incorporar uma Estratégia de Vacinação à prevenção primária. Em 01/03/2021 teve início a Campanha de Vacinação COVID-19 2021, não obrigatória, de base populacional, inicialmente para maiores de 18 anos e a partir de junho contempla adolescentes entre 12 e 17 anos e gestantes. O Grupo Honorário de Assessoramento Científico do Governo Nacional juntamente com a Comissão Nacional de Assessoramento de Vacinas (CNAV) do Ministério da Saúde Pública (MSP), que assessora autoridades de saúde em decisões científicas sobre a introdução de vacinas, e uma Comissão ad hoc criada para vacinas contra a COVID-19 reuniu especialistas do país para aconselhar sobre a estratégia de vacinação. A Comissão Honorária de Luta contra a Tuberculose e Doenças Prevalentes (CHLA-EP) como braço operacional do Departamento de Vacinação do MSP envolveu-se desde dezembro com todos os intervenientes na implementação da Campanha de Vacinação da População COVID-19, aliás de realizar as tarefas de vacinação para prevenir outras doenças infecciosas. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo das estratégias implementadas pelo Departamento Operacional de Imunizações (braço operacional do Departamento de Imunizações do MSP), Laboratório A. Calmette, Comissão Honorária, Coordenação Geral e departamentos administrativos: entre os meses de novembro de 2020 a julho de 2021. Fonte de dados: relatórios divulgados ou oferecidos especialmente para este trabalho pelo Departamento Operacional de Imunizações, Laboratório A. Calmette, Departamento de Imunizações do Ministério da Saúde Pública, Recursos Humanos, Recursos Materiais, Serviço de Apoio, Comunicação e Design, Centros Periféricos, Direção Executiva e Secretaria Geral. Resultados: são apresentados os resultados de 4 períodos: 1- Planejamento (novembro - dezembro de 2020), 2- Capacitação, contratação de recursos humanos e assessoria para aquisição de recursos materiais em qualidade e quantidade (janeiro - fevereiro de 2021), 3- Abertura de centros (Hubs), postos de vacinação COVID-19 e implementação da Campanha COVID-19 (março 2021), 4- Sobreposição da campanha da gripe 2021 (abril-junho 2021) e manutenção da cobertura vacinal (PNI) 1- Planejamento: As características das vacinas a receber eram vacinas de vírus mortos, vacinas vetoriais e em particular mRNA com requisitos de armazenamento de temperaturas de -70ºC, transferência e distribuição de -25ºC, e reconstituição e uso de +2 +8ºC nos diferentes cenários. Análise de risco e análise de custo foram realizadas. Realizaram-se intercâmbios com diferentes empresas que prestam este serviço, participando em ações de formação com algumas delas, essenciais na criação de uma cadeia de frio sólida e sem falhas (ex. ação de formação com Vac-Q-tec). Foi projetada a transferência de vacinas para os hubs, centros de vacinação terciários ou periféricos. Tendo em conta o local de chegada das vacinas, foram considerados os diferentes cenários possíveis, não só a nível central (Montevidéu - Aeroporto Internacional de Carrasco), mas também a nível nacional utilizando os diferentes terminais aéreas. Da mesma forma, foram planejadas estratégias de distribuição de vacinas por via terrestre envolvendo diferentes atores (públicos ou privados), com base na experiência da instituição, tanto na campanha de vacinação quanto na manutenção do PNI. A previsão de compra de insumos foi feita tanto para o armazenamento e distribuição da vacina, quanto para a própria vacinação, como também na tomada de decisão na compra de insumos, atuando em conjunto com o Departamento de Compras do Ministério da Economia e Gestão Secretário do MSP. Eles participaram da formação de equipes de 6 pessoas com funções especificas de vacinação com o slogan de vacinação rápida, universal, gratuita e segura. 2- Capacitação, contratação de recursos humanos e assessoria para aquisição de recursos materiais em qualidade e quantidade. Foram organizados cursos e materiais para que os funcionários adquirissem conhecimento atualizado sobre SARS CoV2 e COVID-19, mecanismos de transmissão, uso e planejamento de uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) e também para o acompanhamento minucioso das vacinas em desenvolvimento. Fizemos a análise minuciosa das possíveis vacinas candidatas para chegar ao Uruguai, e focamos em 3 delas (Pfizer BioNtech, CoronaVac, Oxford AZ). O treinamento foi realizado por funções (vacinadores, treinadores, administradores, posição de referência, backup). Foi dado especial destaque à formação no cuidado da pessoa a vacinar, registo do ato vacinal, rede de frio em todos os seus pontos, eliminação de materiais utilizados e preenchimento de fichas de controlo. Todos os conteúdos e materiais foram disponibilizados na página web da Instituição. Recursos humanos: funcionários foram alocados para a preparação, assinatura e registro de 1.463 novos contratos para complementar as equipes em todo o país, estes recursos humanos estiveram dedicados não apenas à vacinação em si, mas a participar ativamente de cada um dos postos de vacinação. Isso significou que o trabalho se multiplicou por 6 para as tarefas exigidas durante esse período. O Departamento de Recursos Materiais, passou de embalar e distribuir de 7 para 15 embalagens por mês, passando para 80 embalagens para cada Periférico/Centro de Vacinação. A remessa habitual de materiais se quadruplicou e no início da campanha aumentou cinco e seis vezes. Alguns dos números a destacar são: 3.300.000 seringas com agulha, 8.800 litros de álcool de eucalipto, 852.000 luvas de látex e nitrílica e 141.000 túnicas. 3. Abertura de centros e postos de vacinação COVID-19 e lançamento da Campanha COVID-19. Isso gerou progressivamente o estabelecimento de centros de resposta máxima (Hubs) (vacinação em massa) 8 em Montevidéu, um em Canelones e um em Maldonado. Já que decidiu-se vacinar de 3 a 5 pessoas a cada 15 minutos, no Hub. O Hospital de Clínicas administrou 211.153 doses em seus 32 postos de vacinação e na Arena Hub Antel foram administradas 615.637 doses em seus 15 postos de vacinação. Até 31 de julho, havia 144 postos de vacinação contra a COVID 19 habilitados em todo o território nacional. A distribuição foi realizada, 3.229 foram distribuídos em todo o país, 320 doses de vacina Sinovac, 97.790 doses de vacinas AstraZeneca e 1.585452 de vacina Pfizer. Participaram no treinamento de 60 equipes de referência (identificação, registo, controle), treinador, 2 vacinadores e motorista para vacinação em estabelecimentos de longa permanência para idosos (ELEPEM) e pessoas com situações especiais em albergues e escolas especiais, visitando um total de 1.679 Instituições e vacinando a 35.006 pessoas. 4- Sobreposição da campanha de gripe de 2021 (abril a junho de 2021) e manutenção da cobertura vacinal (PNI). A partir de 24/04/2021 teve início a Campanha da Gripe 2021, sobrepondo-se à campanha COVID-19 descrita, o que implicou o reforço de estratégias e ampliação das ações para poder cumprir ambas campanhas em paralelo, sempre com o objetivo de não descurar o Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Foi realizada a vacinação no ELEPEM, conforme anualmente realizada pela comissão e a vacinação no território das vacinas COVID-19, influenza e PNI. De acordo com os dados recebidos até 17 de julho no relatório da Unidade de Imunizações dos Ministérios da Saúde Pública (semana 12), foram registradas 605.802 doses, das quais pelo menos 87.802 doses foram administradas pela Instituição. Essa diferença em relação às campanhas anteriores pode ser atribuída ao intenso trabalho realizado na estratégia de Vacinação COVID19. No âmbito da atividade interinstitucional Bairro a Bairro, 7.225 pessoas foram vacinadas com a vacina contra gripe no celular do CHLAEP de Montevidéu. O CHLA-EP tem contribuído desde a logística e vacinação com um esquema de 2 doses para as 3 plataformas e uma dose de reforço para quem recebeu vacinas de vírus mortos. O CHLA-EP contribuiu para atingir os números da Campanha de Vacinação COVID-19 entre 1/3 e 29/8/21: 5.487.181 doses aplicadas, 2.065.269 pessoas que receberam 1 dose de vacina e delas 2.496.290 têm 2 doses e 333.662 receberam doses de reforço. Conclusões: O planejamento, capacitação, disponibilização de recursos humanos e materiais permitiram a realização de duas campanhas de vacinação coexistentes nos hubs, vacinatórios, ELEPEM e no território, o que pode ser considerado um processo bem sucedido e histórico.

Resumen Se presenta la experiencia del Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba a partir de la mudanza de la Biblioteca del Colegio Máximo de la Compañía de Jesús (BCMCJ), desde San Miguel, Buenos Aires. Se aborda el trabajo en conjunto entre el Colegio Máximo y el Sistema de Bibliotecas para la logística del traslado de la biblioteca y el acondicionamiento de la infraestructura del depósito. Se expone la importancia de la colección, con un acervo documental de más de 300.000 documentos (libros, folletos, material de archivo, etc.) y 800 títulos de publicaciones periódicas especializadas, y su traslado a Córdoba en el año 2017, tras 250 años desde la expulsión de los jesuitas en el año 1767. Se describe la colección ya que constituye un verdadero tesoro cultural, de valor patrimonial bibliográfico y documental, y es considerada una de las más importantes bibliotecas religiosas de América Latina. Se desarrollan las tareas realizadas por el personal bibliotecario, como la migración de los registros bibliográficos existentes desde una base MicroIsis a Koha y otras involucradas en el marco del Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad, bajo la norma ISO 9001:2015, así como la elaboración de los instructivos relacionados del proceso organización y registro documental y la gestión de los riesgos detectados. Finalmente, se mencionan hallazgos y reflexiones en relación con el traslado de la BCMCJ a Córdoba.

Abstract The article presents the experience of the Library System of the Catholic University of Córdoba with the move of the Maximum College of Society of Jesus (BCMCJ) Library from San Miguel, Buenos Aires. The joint work between Colegio Máximo and the Library System for the logistics of moving the library and the preparation of the storage infrastructure is discussed. The importance of the collection, with a documentary collection of more than 300,000 documents (books, pamphlets, archival material, etc.) and 800 titles of specialized periodicals, and its transfer to Córdoba in 2017, after 250 years since the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767, is presented. The collection is described, as it constitutes a true cultural treasure, of bibliographic and documentary heritage value, and is considered one of the most important religious libraries in Latin America. The tasks performed by the library staff are developed, such as the migration of existing bibliographic records from a MicroIsis base to Koha and others involved in the framework of the Quality Management System, under the ISO 9001:2015 standard, as well as the development of the related instructions of the Organization and Documentary Registration process and the management of the detected risks. Finally, findings and reflections are mentioned in relation to the transfer of the BCMCJ to Córdoba.

Abstract Purpose This study aims to analyze the complexities of the Brazilian soybean supply chain (SSC) and develop strategic interventions to improve the origin system’s performance. Design/methodology/approach This study used stakeholder interviews to identify the SSC bottlenecks and determine and assess drivers of competitiveness. A methodological framework based on the systems thinking approach for developing long-term structural changes was used. The problem was structured using behavior over time graph and causal loop modeling to propose three investment strategies to solve the logistics problem in SSC. Findings This study highlights the gaps in coordination between stakeholders and the public sector regarding the public policy for infrastructure investment. Three strategic interventions were developed to address the agro-industrial logistical problem, namely, investment in storage, multimodal transport systems and improvements in existing transport infrastructure. To overcome transport and storage logistics limitations, the authors suggest different forms of partnerships, including public-private partnerships. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to evaluating an agricultural commodity (soybean) and does not include its by-products. The sample of stakeholders was limited and the boundary of analysis was Brazil. Nevertheless, the study showed how strategic interventions could be developed following a holistic analysis. Practical implications The proposed integrated approach illustrates the development of three strategic initiatives. It can be implemented by stakeholders, including the public sector, which is the basis for providing assertive long-term investments in Brazilian logistics. Social implications The SSC analysis could promote the implementation of systemically determined interventions and strategies. It could significantly improve the performance of agricultural systems and help the formulation of public policies aimed at rural development. Originality/value The use of system dynamics to identify intervention points is an essential contribution to mitigating the SSC’s hindrances. Moreover, the combining methodologies resulted in comprehensive intervention strategies.

Resumen En la actualidad, las cadenas de suministro buscan establecer estrategias para la recuperación y reincorporación de los productos que cumplen su vida útil, no obstante en estas operaciones de logística inversa se presentan eventos que pueden generar no solamente pérdidas financieras para la empresa, sino también efectos nocivos sobre el medio ambiente y la comunidad. En este documento se realiza un proceso de identificación, priorización y control para los riesgos operacionales más representativos en el proceso de logística inversa del aceite vehicular usado debido al alto volumen de este residuo que se genera dentro del país y cuya mala gestión de las actividades de recuperación puede generar problemas ambientales, económicos y sociales. La metodología utilizada para el proceso de gestión de riesgo implica el uso de la herramienta multicriterio QFD Fuzzy, para evaluar los eventos operacionales más comunes dentro del proceso usando la valoración de expertos en el sector, y posteriormente se diseña una serie de estrategias de mitigación a través del uso del diagrama Ishikawa. Entre los resultados más relevantes encontrados en el estudio se tiene el hecho de que los riesgos más relevantes en la logística inversa del aceite vehicular usado son el inadecuado proceso de almacenamiento, la ausencia de un vehículo adecuado para el transporte y la baja calidad del residuo. La investigación realizada establece un marco de referencia para el proceso de gestión del riesgo en compañías que se dediquen al aprovechamiento y reutilización de productos en una cadena de suministro de ciclo cerrado.

Abstract Currently, supply chains seek to establish strategies for the recovery and reincorporation of products that reach the end of their useful life. However, in these reverse logistics operations, certain events might generate financial losses for the company and adverse effects harmful to the environment and the community. In this paper, an identification, prioritization and control process is carried out for the most representative operational risks in the reverse logistics process of used vehicle oil. There is a high volume of this waste generated within the country, and poor management of the activities of recovery can generate environmental, economic, and social problems. The methodology used for the risk management process involves using the fuzzy QFD multi-criteria tool to evaluate the most common operational events within the process using the assessment of experts in the sector. Subsequently, a series of mitigation strategies are designed using the Ishikawa diagram. Among the most relevant results found in the study is the fact that the most relevant risks in the reverse logistics of used vehicle oil are the inadequate storage process, the absence of an adequate vehicle for transport, and the low quality of the waste. The research carried out establishes a reference framework for the risk management process in companies dedicated to the use and reuse of products in a closed-loop supply chain.

Resumo Atualmente, as cadeias de suprimentos buscam estabelecer estratégias para a recuperação e reincorporação de produtos que atingem sua vida útil, porém, nessas operações de logística reversa, ocorrem eventos que podem gerar não apenas prejuízos financeiros para a empresa, mas também efeitos negativos. meio ambiente e a comunidade. Neste documento, é realizado um processo de identificação, priorização e controle dos riscos operacionais mais representativos no processo de logística reversa de óleo veicular usado devido ao alto volume desse resíduo que é gerado dentro do país e cuja má gestão das atividades de recuperação pode gerar problemas ambientais, econômicos e sociais. A metodologia utilizada para o processo de gerenciamento de riscos envolve o uso da ferramenta multicritério QFD Fuzzy para avaliar os eventos operacionais mais comuns dentro do processo com a avaliação de especialistas do setor, e posteriormente uma série de estratégias de mitigação são desenhadas através da uso do diagrama de Ishikawa. Entre os resultados mais relevantes encontrados no estudo está o fato de que os riscos mais relevantes na logística reversa de óleo veicular usado são o processo de armazenamento inadequado, a ausência de um veículo adequado para o transporte e a baixa qualidade dos resíduos. A pesquisa realizada estabelece um quadro de referência para o processo de gestão de risco em empresas que se dedicam à utilização e reutilização de produtos numa cadeia de abastecimento de ciclo fechado.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é avaliar as formas de descarte de medicamentos em desuso pela população da cidade de Itapetininga, São Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 182 sujeitos que frequentavam estabelecimentos de saúde, por meio de um questionário referente ao descarte dos medicamentos da “farmácia caseira”. Dos 182 indivíduos pesquisados, 2,7% descartavam os medicamentos corretamente (entrega para estabelecimentos de saúde). 5,5% descartavam corretamente, porém associado a alguma conduta inadequada. Em 14,8% das “farmácias caseiras” não havia sobra de medicamentos, provavelmente devido à entrega na quantidade correta e à aderência ao tratamento. 77% das condutas podiam causar dano ambiental. Dos 182 respondentes, 65% guardavam os medicamentos em desuso para uso posterior e 10% doavam para vizinhos, amigos e parentes, condutas consideradas inadequadas pelos possíveis problemas de automedicação e de armazenamento. Conclui-se pela necessidade de educação ambiental e de saúde para a população e profissionais de saúde.

Abstract The aim of the current article is to evaluate the ways of disposing medications in disuse adopted by the population in Itapetininga City, São Paulo State, Brazil. Cross-sectional study carried out with 182 subjects who attended health facilities. It was performed through a questionnaire about the disposal of medication kept in “home pharmacies”. In total, 2.7% of the 182 respondents properly disposed medication (delivery to health facilities) - 5.5% accounted for the correct discard of it, but, yet, it was associated with some inappropriate behavior. There was no leftover medication in 14.8% of “home pharmacies” likely because of delivery at correct medication amount and of adherence to treatment - 77% of the ducts could cause environmental damage. In total, 65% of the 182 respondents kept medication in disuse for further use and 10% of them used to donate medication to neighbors, friends and relatives - these behaviors are considered inappropriate due to likely self-medication and storage issues. In conclusion, there is the need of environmental and health education for both the population and health professionals.

Resumen El propósito del artículo es evaluar las formas en que los medicamentos obsoletos son desechados por la población de Itapetininga, São Paulo, Brasil. Es un estúdio transversal con 182 sujetos que acudieron a establecimientos de salud, a través de un cuestionario sobre disponibilidad de medicamentos en la “farmacia domiciliaria”. De los 182 encuestados, el 2,7% descartó correctamente el medicamento (entrega a los establecimientos de salud). El 5,5% descartó correctamente, pero se asoció a alguna conducta inapropiada. En el 14,8% de las “farmacias domiciliarias” no quedaron medicamentos, probablemente por entrega en la cantidad correcta y adherencia al tratamiento. El 77% de los ductos pueden causar daño ambiental. De los 182 encuestados, el 65% guardaba medicamentos obsoletos para su uso posterior y el 10% los donaba a vecinos y familiares, considerados inapropiados por posible automedicación y problemas de almacenamiento. La conclusión es la necesidad de educación ambiental y sanitaria para la población y los profesionales de la salud.

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Abstract: Introduction: since the beginning of blood banks, refinements in laboratory processes have allowed longer red blood cell storage times. While advantageous to the logistics of stock management, the clinical impact of RBC storage duration prior to transfusion remains uncertain and a topic of growing interest. Although the structural, biochemical, and impermeable changes that red blood cells undergo during storage are well described, the evidence that this storage injury translates into adverse clinical outcomes for patients receiving blood with longer storage times remains controversial. Objective: to compare the efficacy of the transfusion of globular packages of ≤ 15 days of extraction vs. globular packages ≥ 16-40 days of extraction in the hemodynamic and gasometric repercussion of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of HE CMNO. Material and methods: a controlled, single-center, randomized, single-blind, prospective and comparative clinical trial was conducted, where patients between 18 and 80 years of age with severe postoperative cranioencephalic trauma who required blood transfusions were invited to participate. Participants were included in two random groups, group F and group E. Group F was administered packed cells ≤ 15 days of extraction. Group E will be administered globular packages ≥ 16-40 days of extraction. During the study, various hemodynamic and biochemical variables were measured before, during, and after blood transfusion, and a comparison of the results obtained between groups F and E was subsequently made. Results: in the present study, a total of 26 patients with severe TBI were included and who were transfused with red blood cell packs, of the total number of patients, 13 were transfused with a «standard» red blood cell pack and another 13 patients with a «fresh» red blood cell pack. The average days of transfusion after extraction were 18 and 14 days for the «standard» and «fresh» packs, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). Twenty-one infectious events were reported, 11 in the group of patients who were transfused with the standard pack and 10 in the fresh pack group. Mortality at 28 days was estimated in 31% of the patients transfused with the standard pack and in 23% of the patients with the fresh pack (RR, for 28-day mortality of 0.90 [95% CI 0.56-144]). The median duration time in the intensive care unit was 8 days for both groups (0.32 SD), and of the days associated with the ventilator, 15 days were observed for the group of patients with the standard package and 7 for the group with fresh package (0.60 SD), without discovering statistically significant differences in these variables. However, in this analysis statistically significant differences were found for the gasometric parameters of central venous oxygen saturation, cardiac output (Fick) and lactate before and after transfusion in favor of the group of patients transfused with fresh pack (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: the results of this study infer that there is no association between the storage time of transfused red blood cells and the presence of adverse clinical outcomes with longer storage times. In both groups, transfusions were equally safe and effective. The researchers refer to the sample size as a limitation for this study.

Resumo: Introdução: desde o surgimento dos bancos de sangue, o refinamento dos processos laboratoriais permitiu tempos de estocagem cada vez mais longos para as hemácias. Embora vantajoso para a logística do gerenciamento de estoque, o impacto clínico da duração do armazenamento de glóbulos vermelhos antes da transfusão permanece incerto e um tópico de interesse crescente. Embora as alterações estruturais, bioquímicas e imunológicas pelas quais as hemácias sofrem durante o armazenamento sejam bem descritas, as evidências de que essa lesão de armazenamento resulta em resultados clínicos adversos para pacientes que recebem sangue armazenado por mais tempo permanecem controversas. Objetivo: comparar a eficácia da transfusão de concentrado de hemácias ≤ 15 dias de extração vs concentrado de hemácias ≥ 16-40 dias de extração nas repercussão hemodinâmica e gasométrica dos pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) grave, internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do HE CMN Occidente. Material e métodos: realizou-se um ensaio clínico, controlado, unicêntrico, randomizado, simples-cego, prospectivo e comparativo, onde foram convidados a participar pacientes com idade entre 18 e 80 anos com traumatismo cranioencefálico grave submetidos a hemicraniectomia descompressiva com necessidade de transfusão sanguínea. Os participantes foram incluídos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos, grupo F e grupo E. Grupo F recebeu concentrado de hemácias ≤ 15 dias após a extração. O grupo E receberá concentrado de hemácias ≥ 16-40 dias após a extração. Durante o estudo, várias variáveis hemodinâmicas e bioquímicas foram medidas antes, durante e após a transfusão de sangue, e posteriormente foi feita uma comparação dos resultados obtidos entre os grupos F e E. Resultados: no presente estudo incluíram-se um total de 26 pacientes com TCE grave e que foram transfundidos com concentrado de hemácias, do total de pacientes 13 foram transfundidos com um concentrado de hemácias «padrão» e outros 13 pacientes com um concentrado de hemácias «fresco». A média de dias de transfusão após a extração foi de 18 e 14 dias para as pacotes «padrão» e «fresco», respectivamente (p ≤ 0.001). Relatou-se 21 eventos infecciosos, 11 no grupo de pacientes que receberam transfusão com concentrado padrão e 10 no grupo com concentrado fresco. A mortalidade em 28 dias foi estimada em 31% dos pacientes transfundidos com concentrado padrão e em 23% dos pacientes com concentrado fresco (RR, para mortalidade em 28 dias de 0.90 (IC 95% 0.56-144). A duração mediana na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 8 dias para ambos os grupos (0.32 DP), sendo que 2 dias associados ao ventilador, foram observados 15 dias para o grupo de pacientes com concentrado padrão e 7 para o grupo de concentrado fresco (0.60 DE), sem descobrir diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas referidas variáveis.No entanto, nesta análise foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os parâmetros gasométricos de saturação venosa central de oxigênio, débito cardíaco (Fick) e lactato antes e após a transfusão em favor do grupo de pacientes transfundidos com concentrado fresco (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo inferem que não há associação entre o tempo de estocagem das hemácias transfundidas e a presença de desfechos clínicos adversos com tempos de estocagem mais longos. Em ambos os grupos, as transfusões foram igualmente seguras e eficazes. Os pesquisadores referem-se ao tamanho da amostra como limitante para este estudo.

SUMMARY Background and Objectives: Cryopreserved red blood cells have a very long shelf life, however once thawed, they must meet demanding quality requirements and have a short shelf life. The objective is to evaluate the quality of the final products obtained from cryopreserved red blood cells stored in the CTFAS and the evolution of the quality parameters after storage for 14 days. Material and methods: Selection of a sample from the cryopreserved red blood cell store, thawing, deglycerolization and determination of the volume, hematocrit, total hemoglobin, supernatant hemoglobin and pH on day 0, 7 and 14 post-thaw. Results: The mean volume was 282 ml, the supernatant hemoglobin 0,064 g/unit, Hematocrit 0,503, total hemoglobin 40.8 g/unit, the osmolarity difference - 0.214 mOsm/Kg H2O and the microbiological control was negative in all units. Discussion: Cryopreserved red blood cells have a long frozen storage period, but after thawing they have a short storage period since initially, the process was in an open system. With the development of closed systems, the expiration date of the product should be greater, but it is always subject to the validation of each center. The data show that the products stored in our center, some up to 18 years old, are suitable for use and that the thawing and deglycerolization process is adequate. Regarding the expiration period, although changes are observed in accordance with those described in other works, an expiration time greater than 24 hours cannot be established because the supernatant hemoglobin after 7 days after defrosting reaches levels higher than those allowed, remaining the rest of the quality parameters. Regarding the influence of frozen storage time, previous studies indicate the absence of influence on the quality of the product, however in our study it is appreciated that the oldest components present higher rates of hemolysis on day 14 after thawing, which could motivated by the previous conservation period. Conclusions: The components obtained after thawing and deglycerolization meet the technical-legal requirements of the European Union in all aspects. The expiration of these products in our center is 24 hours, having to look for modifications in the preparation process to extend it. The previous freezing time does not seem to influence the intensity of the damage to cellular metabolism in the early stages of post-thaw storage, although it does seem to negatively influence the hemolysis rate in the late stages of post-thaw storage. These components, due to their high lifespan, constitute a strategic reserve in the healthcare aspect, because they are of the O negative and O positive group and therefore easy to use, and in the operational logistics aspect, since they allow the deployment of large quantities on the ground without the limitation of the conservation time.

RESUMEN Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los hematíes crioconservados tienen un periodo de conservación muy prolongado, sin embargo una vez descongelados, deben de cumplir unos requisitos exigentes de calidad y tienen un periodo de caducidad reducida. Como objetivo, se pretende evaluar la calidad de los productos finales obtenidos a partir de hematíes crioconservados almacenados en el CTFAS y la evolución de los parámetros de calidad tras su almacenamiento durante 14 días. Material y Métodos: Selección de una muestra del almacén de hematíes crioconservados, descongelación y desglicerolización y determinación del volumen, hematocrito, hemoglobina total, hemoglobina sobrenadante y pH los días 0, 7 y 14 postdescongelación. Resultados: El volumen medio fue 282 ml, la hemoglobina sobrenadante 0,064 g/unidad, Hematocrito 0,503, hemoglobina total 40,8 g/unidad, la diferencia de osmolaridad - 0,214 mOsm/Kg H2O y el control microbiológico fue negativo en todas las unidades. Discusión: Los hematíes crioconservados tienen un largo periodo de conservación congelados, pero tras su descongelación tienen un periodo de conservación corto ya que inicialmente, el proceso era en sistema abierto. Con el desarrollo de sistemas cerrados, la caducidad del producto debiera ser mayor, pero siempre queda sujeta a la validación de cada centro. Estos datos demuestran que los productos almacenados en nuestro centro, algunos hasta 18 años, son idóneos para su uso y que el proceso de descongelación y desglicerolización es adecuado. En cuanto al periodo de caducidad, aunque se observan cambios acordes a los descritos en otros trabajos, no se puede establecer un tiempo de caducidad mayor de 24 horas debido a que la hemoglobina sobrenadante a los 7 días potdescongelación alcanza niveles superiores a los permitidos, manteniéndose el resto de parámetros de calidad. Respecto a la influencia del tiempo de conservación congelados, los trabajos previos indican la ausencia de influencia sobre la calidad del producto, sin embargo en nuestro trabajo se aprecia que los componentes más antiguos presentan mayores tasas de hemólisis en el día 14 postdescongelación, lo cual podría motivado por el periodo de conservación previo. Conclusiones: Los componentes obtenidos tras la descongelación y desglicerolización, cumplen los requisitos técnico-legales de la Unión Europea en todos los aspectos. La caducidad de estos productos en nuestro centro es de 24 horas, debiendo buscar modificaciones en el proceso de preparación para ampliarla. El tiempo previo de congelación no parece influir sobre la intensidad de la lesión del metabolismo celular en fases precoces de la conservación postdescongelación, aunque parece influir negativamente en la tasa de hemólisis en fases tardías de dicha conservación postdescongelación. Estos componentes, por su elevada vida constituyen una reserva estratégica en el aspecto asistencial, porque son de grupo O negativo y O positivo y por tanto de fácil uso, y en el aspecto logístico operativo, ya que permiten el despliegue de grandes cantidades sobre el terreno sin la limitación del tiempo de conservación.

Resumen: La madurez en el momento de cosecha es un factor determinante del potencial de almacenamiento de los frutos, principalmente en especies tan perecederas como las ciruelas (Prunus salicina L.). Sin embargo, la logística de cosecha es muy compleja y un gran porcentaje de frutos se cosecha con un estado de madurez más avanzado al óptimo recomendado para larga conservación. El tratamiento con 1-mcp ha mostrado ser efectivo en reducir la tasa de deterioro poscosecha de ciruelas japonesas, pero la efectividad de este tratamiento puede verse reducida en frutos de cosechas tardías. El objetivo de este ensayo fue determinar la eficiencia del tratamiento con 0,4 µL L-1 de 1-mcp en ciruelas Larry Ann cosechadas en 4 estados de madurez diferentes. El tratamiento redujo la tasa de maduración de los frutos en todas las cosechas. La duración de este efecto y el número de parámetros afectados disminuyó a medida que se retrasó la cosecha. En el estado de madurez 1 (M1, ~62 N) y el estado de madurez 2 (M2, ~58 N), el 1-mcp retrasó la tasa de producción de etileno durante la vida en estante después de 30, 40 y 50 días de almacenamiento a 0 ºC y redujo la pérdida de firmeza y de acidez. En el estado de madurez 3 (M3, ~50 N) el 1-mcp retrasó la tasa de producción de etileno durante la vida en estante después de 30 y 40 días de almacenamiento a 0 ºC y mantuvo mayores valores de firmeza. En frutos cosechados con madurez 4 (M4, ~35 N) el 1-mcp no afectó la producción de etileno, pero redujo la pérdida de firmeza durante la vida en estante, apoyando la hipótesis de que el tratamiento tiene un efecto inhibitorio directo sobre las enzimas del ablandamiento, independiente del etileno.

Abstract: Maturity at harvest is a determining factor in fruit storage potential, especially in such perishable species as plums (Prunus salicina L.). However, harvest´s logistics is very complex, and a large percentage of fruits are harvested at a more advanced stage of maturity than the optimum recommended for long storage. Treatment with 1-mcp has shown to be effective in reducing the post-harvest deterioration rate of Japanese plums, but the effectiveness of this treatment may be reduced in late harvested fruit. The aim of this trial was to determine the efficiency of treatment with 0.4 µL L-1 of 1-mcp in Larry Ann plums harvested at 4 different maturity stages. The results showed that the treatment was effective in reducing the ripening rate of the fruit at all harvest timings. The duration of this effect and the number of parameters affected decreased as harvest was delayed. In maturity stage 1 (M1, ~62 N) and maturity stage 2 (M2, ~58 N), 1-mcp delayed ethylene production rate during shelf life after 30, 40, and 50 days of storage at 0 ºC and reduced loss of flesh firmness, and acidity. At the maturity stage 3 (M3, ~50N) 1-mcp delayed ethylene production rate during shelf life after 30 and 40 days of storage at 0 ºC and maintained higher flesh firmness values. In fruit harvested at the maturity 4 (M4, ~35 N), 1-mcp did not affect ethylene production rate, but reduced loss of flesh firmness during shelf life, supporting the hypothesis that the treatment has a direct inhibitory effect on softening enzymes, independent of ethylene.

Resumo: O estádio de maturação na colheita é um fator determinante no potencial de armazenamento dos frutos, principalmente em espécies tão perecíveis como as ameixas (Prunus persica L.). No entanto, a logística da colheita é muito complexa e uma grande porcentagem de frutas é colhida com um estado de maturação mais avançado do que o ideal recomendado para conservação prolongada. O tratamento com 1-MCP vem demonstrando ser eficaz na redução da taxa de deterioração pós-colheita das ameixas japonesas, mas a eficácia desse tratamento pode ser reduzida em frutos de colheitas tardias. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficiência do tratamento com 0,4 µL L-1 de 1-MCP em ameixas 'Larry Ann' colhidas em 4 estádios de maturação. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com 1-MCP foi eficaz na redução da taxa de amadurecimento dos frutos em todos os momentos. A duração desse efeito e o número de parâmetros afetados diminuíram com o atraso da colheita. Nos estádios de maturação 1 (M1,~62 N) e estádios de maturação 2 (M2,~58 N), a aplicação de 1-MCP atrasou a produção de etileno durante a vida de prateleira após prazo de 30, 40 e 50 dias de armazenamento a 0ºC e reduziu a perda de firmeza de polpa e acidez. No estado de maturação 3 (M3, ~50N), o 1-MCP atrasou a produção de etileno durante a vida de prateleira após 30 e 40 dias de armazenamento a 0ºC e manteve valores mais altos de firmeza. Nos frutos colhidos no maturação 4 (M4,~35 N), o tratamento com 1-MCP não afetou a produção de etileno, mas reduziu a perda de firmeza de polpa durante a vida de prateleira, apoiando a hipótese de que o tratamento tem um efeito inibitório direto sobre as enzimas relacionadas ao amolecimento da polpa dos frutos independente do etileno.