Abstract In a globalized world, Legislative control over matters related to Mercosur and the European Union (EU) is important. However, its importance varies according to Regional Foreign Policy (RFP) decisions. This article investigates whether there are configurations, considering institutional design, political conditions, and economic factors, which explain the intensity of legislative participation in determining such matters. Specialists were consulted to select five decisions that represented significant changes for the regional dynamics of Mercosur and EU member countries. After defining the intentional sample of cases, necessary and sufficient conditions for the participation of the Legislature in RFP were identified through a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The results indicate that institutional design and economic factors matter, but prior debates in Parliaments on the subject are also relevant to explaining legislative action. This was corroborated by a Coincidence Analysis (CNA) that demonstrated that this variable makes up the causal chain of participation. world (EU important However (RFP configurations countries cases QCA. QCA . (QCA) matter action CNA (CNA (QCA

Résumé Dans un monde globalisé, le contrôle du législatif sur les questions liées au Mercosur et à l’Union Européenne est important, mais il varie en fonction des décisions de Politique Étrangère Régionale (PER). Cet article examine s’il existe des configurations, en tenant compte de la conception institutionnelle, des conditions politiques et des facteurs économiques, qui expliquent l’intensité de la participation législative dans la détermination de telles questions. Une consultation d’experts a été réalisée pour sélectionner 5 décisions représentant des changements significatifs pour la dynamique régionale des pays du Mercosur et de l’Union européenne. Après avoir défini l’échantillon intentionnel de cas, grâce à une Analyse Qualitative Comparative (QCA), des conditions causales, nécessaires et suffisantes, ont été identifiées pour la participation du législatif à la PER. Les résultats indiquent que la conception institutionnelle et les facteurs économiques importent, mais les débats préalables dans les Parlements sur le sujet sont également pertinents pour expliquer l’action législative. Cela a été corroboré par une Analyse de Coïncidence qui a démontré que cette variable fait partie de la chaîne causale de la participation. globalisé lUnion l Union important PER . (PER) sil s configurations lintensité intensité dexperts d experts européenne léchantillon échantillon cas QCA, QCA , (QCA) causales suffisantes importent laction action (PER (QCA

Resumo Em um mundo globalizado, o controle do Legislativo sobre matérias ligadas ao Mercosul e à União Europeia importa, mas varia em relação às decisões de Política Externa Regional (PER). Este artigo investiga se existem configurações, considerando o desenho institucional, as condições políticas e os fatores econômicos, que expliquem a intensidade da participação legislativa na determinação de tais matérias. Foi realizada uma consulta com especialistas para selecionar 5 decisões que representaram mudanças significativas para a dinâmica regional dos países mercosulinos e europeus. Após definida a amostra intencional de casos, através de uma Análise Qualitativa Comparativa (QCA), foram identificadas condições causais, necessárias e suficientes, para a participação do Legislativo em PER. Os resultados indicam que desenho institucional e fatores econômicos importam, mas debates prévios nos Parlamentos sobre o tema também são relevantes para explicar a atuação legislativa. Isso foi corroborado por uma Análise de Coincidência que demonstrou que essa variável compõe a cadeia causal da participação. globalizado importa PER . (PER) configurações europeus casos QCA, QCA , (QCA) causais suficientes importam (PER (QCA

Resumen En un mundo globalizado, el control legislativo sobre los asuntos relacionados con el Mercosur y la Unión Europea es importante, pero varía en relación con las decisiones de Política Exterior Regional (PER). Este artículo investiga si existen configuraciones, teniendo en cuenta el diseño institucional, las condiciones políticas y los factores económicos, que expliquen la intensidad de la participación legislativa en la determinación de tales asuntos. Se consultó a expertos para seleccionar cinco decisiones que representaban cambios significativos en la dinámica regional del Mercosur y de los países europeos. Una vez definida la muestra intencional de casos, se utilizó un Análisis Cualitativo Comparativo (ACC) para identificar las condiciones causales necesarias y suficientes para la participación de la legislatura en PER. Los resultados indican que el diseño institucional y los factores económicos importan, pero los debates previos en los parlamentos sobre el tema también son relevantes para explicar la acción legislativa. Esto fue corroborado por un Análisis de Coincidencias que demostró que esta variable conforma la cadena causal de la participación. globalizado importante PER . (PER) configuraciones europeos casos ACC (ACC importan (PER

This paper presents the stages of an acceleration program focused on chemical technologies. We demonstrate how this initiative contributes to the creation of new businesses, startups, and technology licensing from research developed at Brazilian universities. The case of the program Escale-se is discussed. There were 66 technologies submitted, and 14 were selected for the pre-acceleration phase. In this phase, various contents were worked on, such as creating a business model and aspects of scaling hard-science technologies. Teams were evaluated by panels with market specialists, and 6 were selected for the second phase: pre-scaling/proof of concept. Here, proponents were encouraged to validate the business model by connecting with potential clients and partners, as well as planning the development and testing of the product in a relevant environment. Finally, one team was classified for the last stage: scaling/go-to-market - where they received R$ 100,000.00 to scale up their technology and create strategies for raising investments. Four of the fourteen technologies selected for the program opened National Register of Legal Entities (CNPJ) and raised approximately R$ 4.5 M in investments from different sources. These results demonstrate that the methodology contributed to the entrepreneurial development of participating researchers and the raising of funds for the businesses created. startups universities Escalese Escale se discussed submitted 1 preacceleration pre phase hardscience hard science specialists prescaling/proof prescalingproof scaling/proof proof concept Here partners environment Finally stage scaling/gotomarket scalinggotomarket scaling/go go R 10000000 100 000 00 100,000.0 CNPJ (CNPJ 45 4 5 4. sources created prescaling scalingproof gotomarket scalinggo 1000000 10 0 100,000. 100000 100,000 10000 100,00 1000 100,0 100,

Abstract Background: The prevalence of stroke remains high, where clinical procedures are recommended. Objective: To validate, using the Delphi technique, nursing interventions in the approach to patients with suspected stroke in the acute phase, with a panel of specialists. Methodology: A survey was carried out, based on a quantitative-descriptive study. A systematic literature review was carried out beforehand. Results: The sample consisted of six specialists. Two rounds of the Delphi technique were used to validate nursing interventions for patients with suspected stroke in the acute phase, namely: correct referral taking into account the time of symptom progression; emergency room approach (based on the ABCDEFGH assessment); monitoring and response to adverse reactions during and after thrombolysis. Conclusion: The validation of nursing interventions in the approach to patients with suspected acute strokes led to the development of a solid work instruction for nurses.

Resumen Marco contextual: La prevalencia de los accidentes cerebrovasculares sigue siendo elevada, por lo que se recomiendan procedimientos clínicos. Objetivo: Validar, mediante la técnica Delphi, las intervenciones de enfermería en el abordaje de pacientes con sospecha de accidente cerebrovascular en fase aguda, con un panel de especialistas. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación de tipo Survey, basada en un estudio cuantitativo-descriptivo. Previamente se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática. Resultados: La muestra estaba formada por seis especialistas. Tras dos rondas Delphi, se validaron las intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes con sospecha de accidente cerebrovascular en fase aguda, a saber: derivación correcta teniendo en cuenta el tiempo de progresión de los síntomas; abordaje en urgencias (basado en la evaluación ABCDEFGH); seguimiento y respuesta a las reacciones adversas durante y después de la trombolisis. Conclusión: La validación de las intervenciones de enfermería en el abordaje de pacientes con sospecha de accidente cerebrovascular agudo condujo al desarrollo de una sólida instrucción de trabajo para enfermeras.

Resumo Enquadramento: A prevalência do acidente vascular cerebral continua elevada, sendo recomendada a existência de procedimentos clínicos. Objetivo: Validar, através da técnica Delphi, intervenções de enfermagem na abordagem ao doente com suspeita de acidente vascular cerebral em fase aguda, com um painel de especialistas. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa Survey, com base num estudo quantitativo-descritivo, sendo que uma revisão sistemática de literatura foi realizada previamente. Resultados: Amostra composta por seis especialistas. Realizadas duas rondas da técnica Delphi, foram validadas intervenções de Enfermagem ao doente com suspeita de acidente vascular cerebral, em fase aguda, nomeadamente: correto encaminhamento tendo em conta o tempo de evolução dos sintomas; abordagem em sala de emergência (baseada na avaliação ABCDEFGH); vigilância e resposta a reações adversas durante e após trombólise. Conclusão: A validação das intervenções de enfermagem na abordagem ao doente com suspeita de acidente vascular cerebral em fase aguda levou à elaboração de uma instrução de trabalho sólida, direcionada aos enfermeiros.

Abstract In the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung diseases, the gold standard is multidisciplinary evaluation. This means a clinical, radiological and histopathological consensus. The ideal is to have an experienced team of specialists, mainly in cases that present difficulty in definitive diagnosis, without categorical characteristics of a specific pathology. High-resolution computed tomography is the imaging test of choice that contributes to the definitive diagnosis. The purpose of this article is to analyze the imaging patterns of idiopathic fibrotic diseases: usual interstitial pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, non-specific interstitial pneumonia and pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. Initially we will also analyze the interstitial lung abnormality. Finally, we will refer to the growing use of artificial intelligence in the evaluation and progression of diffuse lung diseases, and to the application of a recently developed technique, photon counting computed tomography.

Resumen En el diagnóstico de las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales difusas, el método de referencia es la evaluación multidisciplinaria. Esto significa un consenso clínico, radiológico e histopatológico. Lo ideal es contar con un equipo experimentado de especialistas, principalmente en casos que presentan dificultad en el diagnóstico definitivo, sin características categóricas de una patología específica. La tomografía computada de alta resolución es la prueba de imagen de elección que contribuye en el diagnóstico definitivo. El propósito de este artículo es analizar los patrones imagenológicos de las enfermedades idiopáticas fibróticas: fibrosis pulmonar usual o idiopática, fibrosis pulmonar y enfisema combinados, fibrosis pulmonar no específica y fibroelastosis pleuroparenquimatosa. Analizaremos además al inicio la anormalidad pulmonar intersticial. Finalmente, haremos referencia al creciente uso de la inteligencia artificial en la evaluación y la progresión de las enfermedades pulmonares difusas, y a la aplicación de una técnica de desarrollo reciente, la tomografía computada con conteo de fotones.

Resumo Com o passar do tempo, surgiram assimetrias na prática bioantropológica em Cuba. Os objetivos deste artigo som identifique-as é refletir sobre os desafios que isso representa, usando exemplos específicos. Entre as desigualdades estão o número insuficiente de recursos humanos, o que representa um desafio para a formação das futuras gerações de especialistas, a maior possibilidade de realizar trabalhos de campo do que de laboratório, problemas de financiamento, dependência de projetos internacionais, desequilíbrios no próprio país relacionados com as diferencias na exibição de restos humanos, dificuldades com a visibilidade dos resultados em publicações em revistas de alto impacto. Como estratégias para enfrentar os desafios, podemos citar a importante contribuição de estudantes para a pesquisas, a formação de equipes multidisciplinares, a colaboração estrangeira e o apoio de projetos e instituições internacionais. Apesar dessas assimetrias, há tradição e liderança na pesquisa em antropologia biológica no país.

Abstract Over the time, asymmetries have arisen in bioanthropological practice in Cuba. The goals of this paper are to identify them and reflect on the challenges that they represent, by means of specific examples. Among the inequalities described are the insufficient number of human resources, which is a challenge for the training and replacement of future generations of specialists, greater possibility of doing field work than laboratory work, problems in finding research funding, dependence on international projects, inequalities within the country related with different modalities of exhibition of human remains, and difficulties with the visibility of the results in publications in high impact journals. As strategies to face the challenges we suggest the contribution of students to research projects, the formation of multidisciplinary teams, balanced foreign collaborations and the support of international projects and institutions. In spite of these asymmetries, there is a tradition and leadership in biological anthropology research in the country.

Resumen Con el transcurso del tiempo se han producido asimetrías en la práctica bioantropológica cubana. Los objetivos de este trabajo son identificarlas y reflexionar sobre los desafíos que representan, mediante ejemplos específicos. Entre las desigualdades se destacan la insuficiente cantidad de recursos humanos, que es un reto para la formación de futuras generaciones de especialistas, mejores condiciones para realizar trabajo de campo que de laboratorio, problemas con financiamiento para proyectos de investigación, dependencia de proyectos internacionales, desequilibrios en el país relacionados con la diversidad en la exhibición de osamentas humanas, dificultades con la visibilidad de los resultados en las publicaciones en revistas de alto impacto. Como estrategias para afrontar esos desafíos se pueden mencionar: la importante contribución de estudiantes a las investigaciones, la formación de equipos multidisciplinarios, la colaboración foránea equitativa y el apoyo de proyectos e instituciones internacionales. Podemos concluir que, a pesar de estas asimetrías, existe una tradición y liderazgo en las investigaciones de antropología biológica en el país.

Abstract Introduction: Mental disorders are one of the main causes of inability to work in Portugal and of seeking appointments in primary health care, with a great majority of these patients being monitored exclusively by their family doctor. Objectives: Evaluate training in mental health, the degree of importance given to mental health, and family doctors’ ability to address it in appointment. Method: Observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study. An original questionnaire, exploring socio-professional data, training in mental health, and approach to mental health in appointment. The present study had a favorable opinion from the ARS Centro Ethics Committee. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS®. Results: Four hundred and forty-nine family physicians from different regions of the country, 75.3% female and 76% specialists. There was a reduced training rate (45%). Most of the sample considers that quality training exists but is scarce. Generally, physicians give importance to the mental health approach. However, those with more experience and training in mental health are more confident in their approach. Conclusion: In the present study, there is a reduced rate of family doctors with specific training in mental health, with those who do, reporting greater confidence and having more knowledge in psychiatric pathology. Therefore, the need to increase the availability of training for family doctors becomes evident to improve the approach to mental health in primary care.

Resumo Introdução: As perturbações mentais são uma das principais causas de incapacidade para a atividade laboral em Portugal e de procura de consulta nos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP), encontrando-se muitos destes doentes acompanhados exclusivamente pelo seu médico de família (MF). Objetivos: Avaliar a formação em saúde mental nos CSP, o grau de importância dada à saúde mental pelos MF e a sua capacidade em abordar a mesma em consulta. Método: Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo. Questionário original online dirigido aos MF, explorando dados socioprofissionais, formação dos MF em saúde mental e abordagem da saúde mental em consulta. O presente estudo teve parecer favorável da Comissão de Ética da ARS Centro. A análise estatística foi realizada com IBM-SPSS®, v. 28. Resultados: Participaram 449 médicos de família a exercer em distintas regiões do país, sendo 75,3% do sexo feminino e 76% especialistas. Apenas 45% do MF têm formação em saúde mental e a generalidade da amostra considera que há formações com qualidade, mas são escassas. Os inquiridos dão importância à abordagem da saúde mental. Porém, apenas os clínicos com mais experiência e mais formação apresentam maior confiança na sua abordagem. Conclusão: No presente estudo verifica-se uma taxa reduzida de MF com formação específica em saúde mental, sendo que, os que a têm, referem maior confiança e apresentam mais conhecimentos na patologia psiquiátrica. Assim, torna-se evidente a necessidade de aumentar a disponibilidade de formações para os MF tendo como meta melhorar a abordagem da saúde mental nos CSP.

Abstract Introduction: Demographic changes, technological advancements, and new recommendations in resident education necessitate a review the characteristics of obstetrics and gynecology specialization programs in our country. Objective: To evaluate whether the quality standards required by national and international entities are being met by our programs. Method: A Google Forms survey was sent to 18 program coordinators of the 14 universities offering the specialization, including the five campuses of the University of Chile, yielding 16 responses. The survey collected demographic data and relevant characteristics of the training centers. Results: The analyzed programs are quite heterogeneous in most of the items evaluated items, and not all of the nationally and internationally suggested quality criteria are universally met. There are significant differences among training centers regarding residents’ opportunities to perform relevant surgical procedures in our specialty. Conclusions: Coordination and collaboration among program directors are essential to achieve the comprehensive training of specialists with high-quality standards. The use of clinical simulation will also enable adequately expose of residents to procedures that may be less accessible in their hospital practice.

Resumen Introducción: Los cambios demográficos, los avances tecnológicos y las nuevas recomendaciones en docencia de residentes hacen necesario revisar las características de los programas de especialización en obstetricia y ginecología de nuestro país. Objetivo: Evaluar si nuestros programas de especialización cumplen los estándares de calidad exigidos por entidades nacionales e internacionales. Método: Se envió una encuesta de Google Forms a 18 encargados de programas de las 14 universidades que imparten la especialidad, incluyendo las cinco sedes de la Universidad de Chile, obteniéndose 16 respuestas. La encuesta recolectó datos demográficos y características de interés de los centros formadores. Resultados: Los programas analizados son bastante heterogéneos en la mayoría de los ítems evaluados, y no todos los criterios de calidad sugeridos nacional e internacionalmente se cumplen de forma universal. Existen diferencias importantes entre centros formadores en relación con la oportunidad de los residentes de realizar procedimientos quirúrgicos relevantes en nuestra especialidad. Conclusiones: Es esencial la coordinación y colaboración entre jefes de programa para lograr la formación de especialistas integrales y con altos estándares de calidad. El uso de simulación clínica también nos permitirá una adecuada exposición de los residentes a procedimientos que puedan estar menos accesibles en su práctica hospitalaria.

Abstract Esophageal pathologies can exhibit extremely low incidence and prevalence rates. Therefore, it is essential to have multidisciplinary teams including surgeons spe cialized in esophageal pathology, with a high caseload, to ensure proper diagnosis and management. This manuscript presents a series of esophageal pathology cases with favorable outcomes and atypi cal resolution for non-specialized groups. However, failure to refer to specialists in a timely manner can result in missed diagnoses or poor quality of life for patients. These findings underscore the importance of hav ing surgeons specialized in esophageal pathology and multidisciplinary teams to provide the best possible care for patients. Lusoria dysphagia (LD) is a condition caused by vas cular compression of the esophagus, resulting from the most common embryological vascular abnormality of the aortic arch: the aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) or lusoria artery (LA). This variant occurs in 0.5 to 2.5% of individuals. Necrosis of the gastric tube following an esophagec tomy is a rare complication with a high mortality rate. Esophageal replacement with coloplasty is the preferred technique for a second attempt at reconstruction. How ever, this remains a complex surgery with a high rate of complications.

Resumen Las enfermedades del esófago pueden presentar una incidencia y prevalencia extremadamente baja. Por lo tanto, es fundamental contar con equipos multidis ciplinarios que incluyan cirujanos especializados en afecciones esofágicas, con un alto volumen de casos, para garantizar un diagnóstico y manejo adecuados. En este estudio, se analizan casos de enfermedad esofágica con resultados satisfactorios y una resolución atípica. La falta de derivación a especialistas a tiempo puede llevar a una ausencia de diagnóstico o una baja calidad de vida para los pacientes. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de disponer de cirujanos especializados en esófago y equipos mul tidisciplinarios para asegurar la mejor atención posible para los pacientes.

Resumen: Esta investigación aborda la diversidad de rasgos en el mercado minorista mexicano, buscando identificar atributos comunes fundamentales entre los consumidores de tiendas de retail. El objetivo es analizar las variaciones en las preferencias de distintos tipos de consumidores con respecto a las estrategias de precios implementadas por un supermercado y cómo estas contribuyen a una experiencia transformadora. Se destacan cinco segmentos de consumidores prósperos: i) myopic switcher light, ii) strategic switchers light, iii) myopic switchers heavy, iv) strategic loyal heavy, y v) myopic loyal light. La aplicación del enfoque de segmentación permite a los tomadores de decisiones discernir estrategias más aceptadas en cada segmento, facilitando la comprensión de cómo abordar efectivamente las características distintivas de los consumidores. Este enfoque informado proporciona un marco valioso para especialistas y tomadores de decisiones de marketing, permitiéndoles adaptar estrategias específicas según las preferencias diferenciadas de los consumidores en el mercado minorista mexicano. La investigación destaca la viabilidad de adoptar estrategias de precios basadas en la segmentación de mercado en distintas regiones, ofreciendo hitos prácticos para eficientizar la implementación de tácticas de precios en el contexto retail en México.

Abstract: The present research addresses the diversity of traits in the Mexican retail market, aiming to find fundamental common attributes among consumers in retail stores. Aim: To examine differences in preferences among various consumer segments regarding pricing strategies implemented by a supermarket and their role in fostering a transformative experience. Five prosperous consumer segments are highlighted: i) myopic switcher light, ii) strategic switchers light, iii) myopic switchers heavy, iv) strategic loyal heavy, and v) myopic loyal light. The application of the segmentation approach allows decision-makers to discern more accepted strategies in each segment, easing an understanding of how to effectively address the distinctive characteristics of consumers. This informed approach supplies a valuable framework for specialists and marketing decision-makers, enabling them to adapt specific strategies grounded regarding the diverse preferences exhibited by consumers in the Mexican retail sector. The research highlights the feasibility of adopting market segmentation-based pricing strategies in various regions, providing practical milestones to streamline the implementation of pricing tactics in the Mexican retail context.

Resumen La cirugía es una parte indispensable en la atención médica, siendo el componente quirúrgico y el anestésico fundamentales dentro del sistema de salud en países de todos los niveles de desarrollo. Anualmente, se realizan alrededor de 230 millones de procedimientos quirúrgicos en todo el mundo, siendo la cirugía pediátrica un porcentaje, ya que alrededor del 85 % de los niños requiere un procedimiento quirúrgico; sin embargo, la prestación de servicios quirúrgicos y anestésicos seguros desde la formación y entrenamiento de los actores involucrados en la atención quirúrgica infantil en países de medianos y bajos ingresos ha estado ausente del discurso de salud global. El desarrollo del campo de la anestesia en pediatría enfrenta múltiples retos: es una especialidad relativamente nueva, presenta desafíos clínicos relacionados con las diferencias anatómicas, fisiológicas, psicológicas y procedimentales, así como existen pocas oportunidades de entrenamiento con el consecuente número limitado de especialistas en anestesiología pediátrica capacitados y calificados. Para América latina, las posibilidades de aplicar a una especialización en anestesiología pediátrica son limitadas y específicamente para Colombia no ha sido posible crear la subespecialidad de anestesiología pediátrica, por lo que se debe fomentar la formación formal e informal en esta disciplina, con el fin de ofrecer una atención anestésica segura y con calidad para los niños. Este artículo hace un recuento del desarrollo de la formación en anestesiología pediátrica en el mundo y en Colombia, visibilizando la relación con la incidencia de complicaciones anestésicas y la necesidad de formación en esta disciplina.

Abstract Surgery is a key pillar in medical care, and both the surgical as well as the anesthetic components are essential within the health systems in countries of all levels of development. Every year, close to 230 million surgical procedures are performed worldwide, with pediatric surgery being representative, as around 85% of children require a surgical procedure. However, the issue of education and training of the people involved in pediatric surgery who can provide safe surgical and anesthetic care in medium and low income countries has been absent from the global health debate. The development of anesthesia in pediatrics faces many challenges: it is a relatively new specialty, it has to deal with clinical challenges associated with anatomical, physiological, psychological and procedure-related differences, while it faces the reality of few training opportunities which results in a limited number of duly trained and qualified specialists in pediatric anesthesiology. In Latin America, the possibility of applying to a specialization in pediatric anesthesia is limited. In particular in Colombia it has not been possible to establish a pediatric anesthesia subspecialty, creating the need to promote formal and informal training in this discipline in order to ensure that safe, good quality anesthetic care is provided to children. This article describes the development of pediatric anesthesia training in the world and in Colombia, highlighting the relationship between the incidence of anesthetic complications and the need for training in this discipline.

Abstract Framework: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought several challenges at an economic, labor, social, and organizational level, and organizations had to adopt strategies to ensure their functioning, as well as to ensure and promote the health and well-being of workers. Research Question/Goals: This study aimed to identify and describe (1) the impact of Covid-19 on the world of work and (2) the strategies that organizations have adopted to minimize this impact. Method: A descriptive qualitative cross-sectional study was carried out, where data were collected from 18 participants (10 Human Resources Managers, five specialists from relevant fields regarding professional experiences with Covid-19, and three representatives of public entities and Portuguese civil society from the fields of work and gender) through semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using thematic categorical content analysis with the support of NVivo®. Results: The pandemic impacted (RQ1) on work, economic and labor, work-life balance, and health and well-being. The measures (RQ2) most frequently implemented by the organizations were in terms of health and safety at work, adaptation to teleworking, work-life balance, and communication. Final considerations: The data points to increasingly remote and flexible work transformed by new technologies. In the (re)design of the work, it is essential to consider the characteristics and needs of each worker.

Resumo Introdução/Enquadramento: A pandemia Covid-19 trouxe diversos desafios a nível económico e laboral, social e organizacional, tendo as organizações que adotar estratégias para garantir o seu funcionamento, mas também garantir e promover a saúde e bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Questão de Investigação/Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e descrever: (1) o impacto da Covid-19 no mundo do trabalho, e (2) as estratégias que as organizações adotaram para minimizar esse impacto. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal qualitativo descritivo, onde foram recolhidos dados de 18 participantes (10 Gestores de Recursos Humanos, cinco especialistas de áreas relevantes sobre as vivências profissionais com a Covid-19 e três representantes de entidades públicas e da sociedade civil portuguesa nas áreas do trabalho e do género) através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram analisados à luz da análise de conteúdo categorial temática, com o apoio do NVivo®. Resultados: A pandemia teve impacto (QI1) a nível do trabalho, económico e laboral, da conciliação, e da saúde e bem-estar. As medidas (QI2) mais frequentemente implementadas pelas organizações foram ao nível da higiene e segurança no trabalho, adaptação ao teletrabalho, conciliação e comunicação. Considerações finais: Os dados apontam para um mundo do trabalho cada vez mais remoto e flexível, transformado pelo uso das novas tecnologias. No (re)desenho do trabalho é essencial ter em conta as características e necessidades de cada trabalhador.

ABSTRACT Globalization and increasing demands on specialists determined the need to learn a foreign language in the modern world. Consequently, higher education institutions (HEIs) need to improve the educational programme for the preparation of future specialists for professional activities. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of modern digital technologies during the study of a foreign language by medical students and to identify the students’ personal attitude during the experiment. The research employed the methods of expert evaluation, pre- and post-testing (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)), a survey with the inclusion of a technology perception model. Cronbach’s alpha was used to check the reliability of the used questionnaires. Cohen’s kappa coefficient and Pearson’s chi-squared test were used for statistical processing of the results. The study found that students of the experimental group (EG) who studied using different digital technologies showed significant success in improving foreign language skills after the final test than students of the control group (CG). It is also worth noting that EG students were more motivated to use digital technologies after the experiment.The novelty of this study is that the study of English by medical students was carried out using digital technologies that were chosen according to the age, profession and foreign language proficiency level of the experimental sample of students. Prospects for further research may be to determine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence during foreign language learning by medical students.

RESUMEN La globalización y las crecientes exigencias a los especialistas determinaron la necesidad de aprender una lengua extranjera en el mundo moderno. En consecuencia, las instituciones de educación superior (IES) necesitan mejorar el programa educativo para la preparación de futuros especialistas para actividades profesionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la efectividad del uso de tecnologías digitales modernas durante el estudio de una lengua extranjera por parte de estudiantes de medicina e identificar la actitud personal de los estudiantes durante el experimento. La investigación empleó los métodos de evaluación de expertos, pruebas previas y posteriores (Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas (MCER)), una encuesta con la inclusión de un modelo de percepción tecnológica. Se utilizó el alfa de Cronbach para comprobar la fiabilidad de los cuestionarios utilizados. Para el procesamiento estadístico de los resultados se utilizó el coeficiente kappa de Cohen y la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson. El estudio encontró que los estudiantes del grupo experimental (EG) que estudiaron utilizando diferentes tecnologías digitales mostraron un éxito significativo en mejorar sus habilidades en lenguas extranjeras después de la prueba final que los estudiantes del grupo de control (CG). También vale la pena señalar que los estudiantes de GE estaban más motivados para utilizar tecnologías digitales después del experimento. La novedad de este estudio es que el estudio del inglés por parte de estudiantes de medicina se realizó mediante tecnologías digitales que fueron elegidas según la edad, profesión y nivel de dominio de lengua extranjera de la muestra experimental de estudiantes. Las perspectivas para futuras investigaciones pueden ser determinar la efectividad de la inteligencia artificial durante el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras por parte de estudiantes de medicina.

RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación de impacto constituye una valoración cualitativa y cuantitativa de los efectos de la aplicación de un proyecto o programa en grupos poblacionales específicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de un programa territorial ejecutado en Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación en el ámbito de la evaluación de impacto con relación al Programa Territorial “Desarrollo de productos y servicios de salud,” desde 2020 hasta 2023, en Santiago de Cuba. La población estuvo conformada por los 12 proyectos ejecutados y sus resultados. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos. La variable impacto fue evaluada a través de 3 dimensiones y 11 indicadores. Resultados: La dimensión formativa mostró los profesionales formados en diversas carreras universitarias (93) y la formación posgraduada de másteres, especialistas y doctores en ciencia (30). La dimensión investigativa reveló 64 publicaciones en revistas de impacto, 78 presentaciones en eventos nacionales e internacionales, 13 premios, 12 productos tecnológicos y 15 registros de propiedad intelectual. La dimensión social expuso 31 servicios de salud relacionados, 6 573 pacientes y 133 profesionales beneficiados. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación del impacto de dicho programa territorial mostraron los efectos logrados por la ejecución de sus proyectos en las dimensiones formativa, investigativa y social.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The impact evaluation constitutes a qualitative and quantitative valuation of the effects in a project or program implementation in specific population groups. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a territorial program implemented in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: An investigation in the area of impact evaluation was carried out related to the Territorial Program "Development of products and health services, from 2020 until 2023, in Santiago de Cuba. The population was conformed by the 12 projects implemented and its results. Theoretical and empiric methods were used. The variable impact was evaluated through 3 dimensions and 11 indicators. Results: The training dimension showed the professionals trained in diverse university careers (93) and postgraduated training of masters, specialists and doctors in science (30). The investigative dimension revealed 64 publications in impact magazines, 78 presentations in national and international events, 13 prizes, 12 technological products and 15 records of intellectual property. The social dimension exposed 31 related health services, 6573 patients and 133 professionals benefited. Conclusions: The results obtained in the impact evaluation of this territorial program showed the effects achieved by the implementation of its projects in training, investigative and social dimensions.

RESUMEN El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (PEA) de la matemática, constituye un tema que ha sido investigado por diversos especialistas, como psicólogos, pedagogos y didactas a nivel internacional y nacional que han brindado valiosos aportes a la fundamentación teórico-metodológica de este proceso. Sin embargo, a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados no se han logrado los niveles a los cuales se aspiran. En el artículo se presenta una caracterización del PEA de la disciplina Matemática en la Educación Secundaria Básica a nivel nacional. El objetivo es proponer acciones que contribuyan al PEA de la Matemática en correspondencia con la concepción general de la disciplina Matemática en el Tercer Perfeccionamiento del Sistema Nacional de Educación. Se aplicaron métodos científicos: teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos mediante la revisión de artículos en revistas de alto impacto, de investigaciones y de referentes teórico-metodológicos vinculados a la matemática. Se describen los principales resultados del estudio exploratorio realizado en que se identificaron algunas causas y factores que inciden. A partir de estos resultados se realizó una propuesta de operacionalización de variable la cual fue valorada por criterio de expertos de Bastante Adecuada, se presentan los resultados del diagnóstico realizado y finalmente algunas acciones que contribuyen a su mejoramiento.

ABSTRACT The teaching-learning process (PEA) of mathematics is a subject that has been investigated by various specialists, such as psychologists, pedagogues and didactics at international and national level, who have provided valuable contributions to the theoretical-methodological foundation of this process. However, despite the efforts made, the aspired levels have not been achieved. This article presents a characterization of the Mathematics PEA in Basic Secondary Education at the national level. The objective is to propose actions that contribute to the Mathematics PEA in correspondence with the general conception of the Mathematics discipline in the Third Improvement of the National Education System. Theoretical, empirical and statistical scientific methods were applied through the review of articles in high impact journals, research and theoretical-methodological references related to mathematics. The main results of the exploratory study are described, in which some causes and influencing factors were identified. Based on these results, a proposal was made to operationalize the variable, which was evaluated by experts as Fairly Adequate, the results of the diagnosis are presented and finally some actions that contribute to its improvement.

RESUMEN El desempeño pedagógico del director para contribuir a la calidad de los procesos educativos en la República Dominicana ha de gestarse desde las ciencias. Desde esta perspectiva, las contradicciones que evidencia la práctica con respecto a la teoría, constituyen la génesis de este artículo. De ahí que declare como objetivo: Argumentar la coherencia que manifiesta el desempeño pedagógico del director escolar conforme a los fundamentos teóricos, metodológicos, científicos y tecnológicos que le sustentan en el contexto actual del nivel secundario en la República Dominicana. El estudio cualitativo se sustentó en el enfoque dialectico materialista para la consulta crítica de los referentes del objeto de estudio, con otros métodos del nivel teórico: Analítico sintético, Histórico-lógico, Inductivo -deductivo y Modelación. Del nivel empírico se utilizaron los siguientes: estudio documental, observación, encuesta, entrevista, prueba de desempeño y consulta a especialistas. En síntesis, la sistematización de las posiciones actuales sobre el desempeño pedagógico del director escolar en la sociedad actual y su impacto en el cumplimiento de las metas educativas, reveló el abordaje de este accionar directivo en la gestión pedagógica con una perspectiva compleja y competitiva que implica lo científico-tecnológico al potenciar la formación de un ciudadano preparado y comprometido con el futuro.

ABSTRACT The pedagogical performance of the director to contribute to the quality of educational processes in the Dominican Republic must be developed from the sciences. From this perspective, the contradictions evidenced by practice with respect to theory constitute the genesis of this article. Hence, the objective is declared: To argue the coherence that the pedagogical performance of the school director manifests in accordance with the theoretical, methodological, scientific and technological foundations that support him in the current context of the secondary level in the Dominican Republic. The qualitative study was based on the materialist dialectical approach for the critical consultation of the referents of the object of study, with other methods at the theoretical level: synthetic analytic, historical-logical, inductive-deductive and modeling. At the empirical level, the following were used: documentary study, observation, survey, interview, performance test and consultation with specialists. In summary, the systematization of current positions on the pedagogical performance of the school director in today's society and its impact on the fulfillment of educational goals, revealed the approach to this directive action in pedagogical management with a complex and competitive perspective that implies the scientific-technological by promoting the formation of a citizen prepared and committed to the future.