Abstract: Coseriu’s three-dimensional conception of varieties does not take into account all the existing varieties: some do not fit into the established categories and the status of others is diffuse; given the multifactorial nature of the varieties, the diffusion can be attributed to several dimensions. His conception ignores the dynamic character of the social status ot the varieties in the course of evolution. This paper offers a deconstructivist analysis of essential points in Koch and Oesterreicher’s “variational chain”, a theory that postulates a fixed orientation between the varieties of the diasystem. Cristicism is levelled at the mechanical character of its conception and at the rigidity of its orientation. A different vision (inspired by the energeia of Humboldt, including the role of the speaker) is proposed that considers varieties as a device that must be analyzed as a contact between varieties.

Resumen: La concepción tridimensional de variedades de Coseriu no considera todas las variedades de lengua que existen; además, algunas no caben en las categorías establecidas y el estatus de otras es difuso, lo que -por su carácter multifactorial- puede atribuirse a varias dimensiones. Tal concepción ignora el carácter dinámico de su naturaleza social a lo largo de la evolución. Mediante un análisis deconstruccionista, en este trabajo se cuestionan puntos esenciales de la “cadena variacional” (Koch y Oesterreicher) que postula una orientación fija entre las variedades del diasistema; se critica el carácter mecánico de esta concepción y la rigidez de la orientación; por último, se propone otra visión (inspirada en la energeia de Humboldt, incluido el papel del hablante) que considera las variedades un dispositivo que debe analizarse como contacto entre variedades.

Abstract: Catalan Jesuit Andrés Febrés’ Art of the General Tongue of the Kingdom of Chile (1765) contains the earliest examples of two explicitly Mapuche discourse genres. These are the ‘dialogue between two chiefs’ or dungulun and the ‘discourse’ or coyaghtun. Despite the role they were given as exemplification or protreptic texts, it remains clear that religious biases and a gaze from linguistic and cultural othering have produced a reimagining of the interactions and communities they seek to portray. This ‘clean-up’ of the material raises questions about their value as testimonies to Mapuche language and culture of the time. In this article we propose a critical reading of the material in which we seek out without denying foreign influence - the linguistic threads that may, with a modicum of certainty, be identified as part of contemporary speakers’ repertoires. This task is particularly relevant in current efforts to strengthen the role of textual sources in Mapudungun historical linguistics, that is, in establishing a philological tradition for the tongue. The novel method we propose entails the verification of historical linguistic material by contemporary native speakers of the language. As such, we present the results of a shared reading of the target texts, conducted by a historical linguist and a contemporary speaker. As a result, we highlight a series of under-described linguistic structures (lexicon, morphology, phonology, discourse) which show parallels between contemporary usage or lived memory and materials from over a quarter of a millennium ago.

Resumen: El Arte de la Lengua General del Reyno de Chile (1765), del jesuita Andrés Febrés, contiene los ejemplos más tempranos que poseemos de dos géneros discursivos explícitamente mapuches. Se trata del ‘diálogo entre dos caciques’ o dugulun y el ‘parlamento’ o coyaghtun. A pesar del rol ejemplificador o protréptico que se le da a este material, no cabe duda que el sesgo religioso y la mirada desde la otredad lingüística y cultural producen una reimaginación de la interacciones y las comunidades que se buscan caracterizar. Este ‘depuramiento’ del material pone en cuestión el valor del mismo en cuanto testimonio de la lengua y cultura mapuche de la época. En este artículo proponemos una lectura crítica del material en la cual buscamos, sin desmentir los elementos foráneos, seguir los hilos lingüísticos que podamos, con cierto grado de certeza, identificar como propios de los hablantes de la época. Esta tarea es particularmente relevante en los esfuerzos por fortalecer el rol del material textual en la lingüística histórica del mapudungun, esto es, de establecer una tradición filológica para la lengua. Proponemos como método innovador la verificación del material lingüísticos histórico por parte de los hablantes actuales. En tanto, presentamos los resultados de una lectura compartida de los dos textos en cuestión, realizada por un lingüista histórico y una hablante contemporánea. Destacamos una serie de elementos lingüísticos (léxico, morfología, fonología, discurso) poco descritos que muestran paralelos entre la usanza o memoria actual y los materiales de hace más de un cuarto de milenio.

Resumo A formação de uma "resistência íntima" na obra do poeta chileno Jorge Teillier (1935-1996) opera a partir do desdobramento nostálgico do falante diante do desenraizamento moderno em um ambiente em ruínas. Trata-se de articular o paradoxo entre a experiência íntima e acolhedora do falante no quotidiano e o sentimento de orfandade da precária existência atual que o instiga a resignificar o presente e expandir-se no futuro. Dessa forma, na poética de Teillier, surge um jogo pendular de antagonismos: a vida e a morte, a felicidade e a desilusão, o enraizamento e o desenraizamento; com uma tendência vital do falante para a desintegração, que é contraposta pela resistência íntima a partir das ruínas de sua memória, onde persiste em sua alteridade e finitude.

Resumen : La conformación de una “resistencia íntima” en la obra del poeta chileno Jorge Teillier (1935-1996) opera a partir del despliegue nostálgico del hablante frente al desarraigo moderno en un entorno ruinoso. Se trata de articular la paradoja entre la experiencia íntima y hospitalaria del hablante en lo cotidiano y el sentido de orfandad de la precaria existencia actual que le concita resignificar el presente y expandirse en el futuro. De esta manera, en la poética de Teillier surge un juego pendular de antagonismos: la vida y la muerte, la dicha y la desilusión, el arraigo y el desarraigo; con una tendencia vital del hablante a la desintegración que es contrarrestada con la resistencia íntima desde las ruinas de su memoria donde persiste en su alteridad y finitud.

Abstract The formation of an "intimate resistance" in the work of the Chilean poet Jorge Teillier (1935-1996) operates from the speaker’s nostalgic unfolding in the face of modern uprooting within a ruinous environment. This entails articulating the paradox between the speaker’s intimate everyday life experience and the sense of orphanhood caused by his current precarious existence, which encourages him to resignify the present and expand into the future. In this way, a pendular game of antagonisms arises in Tellier’s poetics: life and death, happiness and disappointment, rootedness and uprooting; a vital tendency of the speaker to disintegrate, counteracted with the intimate resistance from the ruins of his memory where he persists in his alterity and finitude.

Resumen Este estudio presenta un primer acercamiento a las funciones discursivas del marcador antes di que en el español contemporáneo de México. Este marcador no ha sido estudiado todavía de manera específica y sus funciones sólo han sido brevemente descritas en el diccionario. El objetivo es, así, determinar las funciones de antes di que, para lo cual se recolectaron datos de uso del español mexicano contemporáneo. Asimismo, se busca proponer una ruta de cambio diacrónico que explique el desarrollo de la locución y la adquisición de sus funciones discursivas. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que antes di que cuenta con una función doble: como imperativo intelectual y como marcador de contraste. Así, antes di que presenta un evento o planteamiento que el hablante evalúa positivamente (en oposición a un contexto negativo) y, al mismo tiempo, llama al interlocutor a considerar la validez de esta evaluación para alcanzar un acuerdo. En cuanto al desarrollo diacrónico, el proceso de gramaticalización de antes di que requirió de dos condiciones: por un lado, la evolución, previa e independiente, de antes a conjunción adversativa exclusiva, y por otro, la posibilidad de interpretar el verbo decir como un verbo mental semejante a considerar.

Abstract This paper presents a first approach to the discourse marker antes di que (before say that) in contemporary Mexican Spanish. This discourse marker has not been previously studied, and its functions have only been briefly described in the dictionary. Thus, the study collects data on the use of antes di que in contemporary Mexican Spanish to determine its functions. Additionally, by the study of diachronic data, a route of change is proposed to explain the development of antes di que and the acquisition of its discursive functions. The results show that antes di que has a double function: as an intellectual imperative and as a contrast marker. Because of that it presents a state of affairs that the speaker evaluates positively despite adverse circumstances, inviting the interlocutor to consider the validity of this evaluation to reach an agreement. About the diachronic development, the grammaticalization process of antes di que required two conditions: the prior and independent evolution of antes (before) to an adversative conjunction, and the possibility of interpreting the verb decir (say) as a mental verb with a meaning similar to consider.

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos el análisis de la secuencia mitocondrial completa de una muestra biológica perteneciente a Blas Jaime, reconocido como chaná, hablante de la lengua chaná y originario de la región centro-sur de la provincia de Entre Ríos. La información se presenta en el contexto genealógico y geográfico de Jaime, y en el marco de los antecedentes genéticos disponibles para la región. El objetivo de este estudio es aportar al conocimiento, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria, de la lengua chaná a partir de la información lograda, desde la reconstrucción genealógica y del secuenciamiento del genoma mitocondrial de Blas Jaime. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de un vínculo filogenético y diferenciación temprana con indígenas kayapó de la región central de Brasil y con pobladores del este de Paraguay.

Abstract In this work, we present the analysis of the complete mitochondrial sequence of a biological sample belonging to Blas Jaime, recognized as Chaná, speaker of the Chaná language, and native of the southern-central region of the province of Entre Ríos. The information is presented within the genealogical and geographical context of Jaime and in the framework of the genetic background available for the region. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding, from a multidisciplinary perspective, of the contexts of the Chaná language based on the information obtained from genealogical reconstruction and the sequencing of the Blas Jaime’s mitochondrial genome. The results suggest the existence of a phylogenetic link and early differentiation with Kayapó indigenous peoples from the central region of Brazil and with inhabitants of eastern Paraguay.

Resumo Neste trabalho, apresentamos a análise da sequência mitocondrial completa de uma amostra biológica pertencente a Blas Jaime, reconhecido como Chaná, falante da língua Chaná e originário da região centro-sul da província de Entre Ríos. A informação é apresentada no contexto genealógico e geográfico de Jaime e no âmbito dos antecedentes genéticos disponíveis para a região. O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para o conhecimento, a partir de uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, dos contextos da língua Chaná com base das informações obtidas na reconstrução genealógica e no sequenciamento do genoma mitocondrial de Blas Jaime. Os resultados sugerem a existência de um vínculo filogenético e diferenciação precoce com os indígenas Kayapó da região central do Brasil e com habitantes do leste do Paraguai.

Resumen En las sesiones parlamentarias, se producen algunas incidencias y actuaciones emitidas por parte de los diputados que no están en el uso de la palabra. Las llamadas de atención de la presidencia del Congreso, las protestas de diputados u otras actuaciones no verbales tales como los aplausos, los rumores o las risas, suponen prácticas que pueden afectar el propósito comunicativo del orador. La emisión de estas incidencias está motivada por determinados elementos que las propician. En el presente artículo se analizan las intervenciones pronunciadas por los presidentes de las cuatro fuerzas más votadas en España, con motivo del debate de investidura que tuvo lugar en el Congreso de los Diputados el 4 de enero de 2020 (Cortes Generales, 2020). En un contexto de agitación política, los líderes de los partidos plantearon los discursos para lograr transmitir sus mensajes de una forma clara y convincente. El análisis pretende detectar e identificar las incidencias discursivas que registra nuestro corpus, especialmente en sus formas de aparición.

Abstract In parliamentary sessions, there are some incidents and actions issued by some deputies who were not given the floor to speak. The calls for attention from the presidency of Congress, the protests of deputies or other non-verbal actions such as applause, rumors, or laughter, involve practices that may affect the communicative purpose of the speaker. The issuance of these incidents is motivated by certain elements that promote them. This article analyzes the interventions made by the presidents of the four most voted forces in Spain, on the occasion of the investiture debate that took place in the Congress of Deputies on January 4, 2020 (Cortes Generales, 2020). In a context of political turmoil, party leaders raised the speeches to get their messages across clearly and convincingly. The analysis intends to detect, identify the discursive incidences that our corpus registers, especially in its forms of appearance.

RESUMEN Introducción: El Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) es una medida de autoinforme ultrabreve de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos. El PHQ-4 no ha sido adaptado ni validado en la población quechua hablante. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y validar el PHQ-4 en una muestra de población peruana quechua hablante en su variante Collao de Puno-Perú. Metodología: Participaron 221 personas hablantes de quechua variante collao (promedio de edad de 31,2 años, SD = 11,7, 47,1 % hombres y 52,9 % mujeres). Se evaluó la evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna, mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA), la fiabilidad con el método de consistencia interna y las características de dificultad y discriminación de los ítems en base a la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (IRT). Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que todos los ítems del PHQ-4 son relevantes, coherentes y claros para representar adecuadamente los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. El resultado del AFC apoyó un modelo unifactorial, donde los ítems de ansiedad y depresión conforman una sola variable latente con una fiabilidad alta. Todos los ítems del PHQ-4 presentas buenos parámetros de discriminación y los parámetros de dificultad indican que los ítems son comparativamente difíciles. Por lo tanto, se necesita una mayor presencia del rasgo latente (ansiedad y depresión) para responder las categorías de respuesta más altas. Discusión: En conclusión, la PHQ-4 presentó buenas propiedades psicométricas como una medida de detección primaria rápida, confiable y válida para personas quechuahablantes que necesitan una evaluación profunda, monitoreo de los síntomas para diagnóstico y tratamiento para la ansiedad o depresión.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) is an ultra-brief self-report measure of depression and anxiety symptoms. The PHQ-4 has not been adapted or validated in the Quechua-speaking population. Objective: This study aimed to adapt and validate the PHQ-4 in a sample of the Peruvian Quechua-speaking population with its Collao variant from Puno-Peru. Methods: A total of 221 Quechua speakers of the Collao variant (mean age 31.2 years, SD = 11.7, 47.1% male and 52.9% female) participated. Evidence of validity based on internal structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability using the internal consistency method, and item difficulty and discrimination characteristics based on Item Response Theory (IRT). Results: The results indicated that all items of the PHQ-4 were relevant, consistent, and clear enough to adequately represent anxiety and depressive symptoms. The CFA results supported a one-factorial model, in which anxiety and depression items form a single latent variable with high reliability. All items of the PHQ-4 had good discrimination parameters, and the difficulty parameters indicated that the items were comparatively difficult. Therefore, a higher presence of the latent trait (anxiety and depression) is needed to answer higher response categories. Discussion: In conclusion, the PHQ-4 presented good psychometric properties as a rapid, reliable, and valid primary screening measure for Quechua speakers in need of in-depth assessment and symptom monitoring for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Materials and Methods: This study is based on the most recent edition of the course Funding for Research and Innovation in the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine which was a three-day course with 12 hours of instruction. The course brought together leading experts in the field to comprehensively discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Each speaker provided a presentation on a specific topic related to research funding. After the workshop, speakers assembled relevant topics in this manuscript. Results: collaborative research is critical for securing research funding. It optimizes proposal competitiveness, amplifies societal impact, and manages risks effectively. As such, fostering and supporting these collaborations is paramount for both researchers and funding agencies. To maintain the highest integrity in research, investigators involved in these collaborations must disclose any relationships that could potentially influence the outcomes or interpretation of their projects. Conclusions: In Brazil, the mainstay of research funding stems from public entities, with agencies such as CNPq, CAPES, and state bodies like FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPEMIG and others at the forefront. Concurrently, industry funding offers viable pathways, especially through industry-sponsored studies, investigator-led projects, and collaborative initiatives. The Brazilian funding landscape is further enriched by innovative platforms, including crowdfunding and the contributions of institutions like the Serrapilheira Institute. Internationally, esteemed organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation stand out as potential funders. Objective Brazil Methods threeday three day 1 instruction workshop manuscript Results competitiveness impact effectively projects Conclusions entities CNPq CAPES FAPESP FAPERJ forefront Concurrently pathways industrysponsored sponsored studies investigatorled investigator led initiatives platforms Institute Internationally NIH (NIH funders

Abstract The objective of this research is to analyze the disambiguation patterns of presuppositions that can be considered anaphoric and generated by the use of indexical particles. In contrast to recent theories about the presupposition which privileges lexical information, we propose a perspectival analysis of the presupposition, where the default inference about this type of information makes use of the speaker’s perspective. In two studies we explore the disambiguation pattern of sentences that contain the word ‘also’ in contexts where the indexical ‘I’ is used. The results support our hypothesis and are discussed considering the main theories about presupposition and anaphora. Based on said results, we suggest some future research directions.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza los patrones de desambiguación de presuposiciones que se pueden considerar anafóricas y que son generadas por partículas indexicales. En contraste con teorías recientes sobre la presuposición que privilegian la información lexical, proponemos un análisis perspectivo de la presuposición según el cual la inferencia por defecto sobre este tipo de información hace uso de la perspectiva de los hablantes. En dos estudios exploramos el patrón de desambiguación de oraciones que contienen la palabra ‘también’ en contextos donde se usa el indéxico ‘yo’. Los resultados confirman nuestra hipótesis y se discuten a la luz las principales ideas sobre presuposición y anáfora. A partir de estos resultados, sugerimos algunas direcciones futuras de investigación.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The High Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS) is a self-administered questionnaire, developed in British English, that reliably and validly measures the levels of sports activities in patients following hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt the HAAS to Brazilian Portuguese language. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university hospital in Brazil. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the HAAS was created through a six-step process: translation, synthesis, committee review, pretesting, back-translation, and submission to developers. The translation step was conducted by two independent bilingual translators, both native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The back-translation was performed by an independent translator, a native speaker of British English. To ensure the questionnaire's comprehensibility, 46 volunteers (51% men; average age 34-63) participated in the pre-testing step. RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaptation process necessitated modifications to certain terms and expressions to achieve cultural equivalence with the original HAAS. CONCLUSION: The HAAS has been translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted for Brazil. The validation process for HAAS-Brazil is currently underway. BACKGROUND (HAAS selfadministered self administered questionnaire surgery OBJECTIVE crossculturally cross language SETTING crosssectional sectional Brazil METHODS sixstep six synthesis review pretesting backtranslation, backtranslation back developers translators translator questionnaires s comprehensibility 4 51% 51 (51 men 3463 34 63 34-63 pre testing RESULTS crosscultural CONCLUSION HAASBrazil underway 5 (5 346 3 6 34-6 ( 34-

Abstract How do public school students represent manifestations of racism in texts? Through the analysis of polyphony, we scrutinized the nuances of racial prejudice in personal accounts of sixth-year students from a public school. Considering the speaker's division allowed us to see how racism appears in the words of children aged 10 to 12 years. Racial insults were the main marks of the racism reported. However, it appears never in the voice of the narrator of the text, but always in the voice of other enunciators. We noticed that children judge racist manifestations wrong, censoring their occurrence. However, such manifestations are included in the voices of others incorporated in the texts. We conclude that the Polyphonic Theory of Enunciation is a useful tool to deepen the understanding of racist discourse. texts polyphony sixthyear sixth year speakers speaker s 1 years reported However text enunciators wrong occurrence discourse

Resumo Como alunos de escolas públicas representam as manifestações de racismo em textos? Por meio da análise da polifonia, foram escrutinadas as nuances do preconceito racial presentes em relatos pessoais de alunos do sexto ano de uma escola pública. Considerar a divisão do locutor permitiu ver como o racismo comparece nas palavras das crianças de 10 a 12 anos. O insulto racial foi a principal marca de racismo reportado. Entretanto, ele nunca aparece na voz do narrador do texto, mas sim, na de outros enunciadores. Percebe-se que as crianças julgam erradas as manifestações racistas, censurando sua ocorrência. Elas são incluídas, entretanto, nas vozes alheias incorporadas nos textos. Conclui-se que a Teoria Polifônica da Enunciação é uma ferramenta útil para aprofundar a compreensão do discurso racista. textos polifonia pública 1 anos reportado Entretanto texto sim enunciadores Percebese Percebe se racistas ocorrência incluídas entretanto Concluise Conclui racista

Resumo O presente artigo buscou identificar e descrever os aspectos presentes nos repertórios linguísticos utilizados na zona de contato de Porto Murtinho e Carmelo Peralta. Além disso, examinamos como as particularidades socioculturais desta zona de conurbação se manifestam por meio da maneira singular com que as pessoas gerenciam esses repertórios e conduzem suas interações linguísticas. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza como exploratória, com base na revisão bibliográfica, de forma seletiva e crítica. A análise, por meio da indexicalidade, permitiu a identificação das características sociolinguísticas no contexto local, assim como de seus significados, valores e status, atribuídos às línguas de contato em seus respectivos usos, que os diferentes grupos e estratos sociais, pertencentes à zona conurbação, atribuem aos códigos utilizados nos eventos diários e nas dinâmicas relacionais. Os múltiplos discursos, observados nas falas dos moradores locais e na sua forma fluida, denotam a necessidade de repensar a noção do que seja língua e linguagem em zonas de contato sob a perspectiva de superdiversidade. As variedades linguísticas e os usos que os moradores fazem dos diferentes idiomas disponíveis no repertório são característicos dessa zona de contato, e trata-se de uma condição que é evidenciada na coexistência das línguas espanhola, portuguesa e indígenas nesse território. A pluralidade linguística e os modos de utilização em conjunto das línguas que compõem o repertório, mesmo que em fragmentos, são evidenciados por meio das abordagens translíngues e das visões fluidas que não levaram em consideração somente a situação do falante e sua condição na sociedade, mas também as suas características superdiversas frente aos aspectos emocionais subjetivos. Peralta disso exploratória bibliográfica crítica análise indexicalidade local significados status sociais relacionais discursos fluida superdiversidade tratase trata espanhola território fragmentos sociedade subjetivos

Abstract This article sought to identify and describe the aspects present in the linguistic repertoires used in the contact zone of Porto Murtinho and Carmelo Peralta, as well as analyze how the sociocultural characteristics of this conurbation are represented in the peculiar way in which people negotiate such repertoires and perform their exchanges. linguistics. This research is characterized as exploratory, based on a bibliographical review, in a selective and critical manner. Analysis through indexicality allowed the identification of sociolinguistic characteristics in the local context and what are the meanings, values and status that are attributed to contact languages in their respective uses, which the different groups and social strata belonging to the conurbation attribute to the codes used in daily events and relational dynamics. The multiple discourses, observed in the speeches of local residents and in their fluid form, denote the need to rethink the notion of what language is in contact zones from the perspective of superdiversity. The linguistic varieties and the uses that residents make of the different languages available in the repertoire are characteristic of this contact zone and this is a condition that is best evidenced in the coexistence of Spanish, Portuguese and indigenous languages in this territory. Linguistic plurality and the ways of using the languages that make up the repertoire together, even if in fragments, are evidenced through translingual approaches and fluid views that not only take into account the situation of the speaker and his condition in society, but also its super diverse characteristics, compared to subjective emotional aspects. Peralta exchanges linguistics exploratory review manner meanings dynamics discourses form superdiversity Spanish territory together fragments society

Resumen Este artículo buscó identificar y describir los aspectos presentes en los repertorios lingüísticos utilizados en la zona de contacto de Porto Murtinho y Carmelo Peralta, así como analizar cómo las características socioculturales de esta conurbación se representan en la peculiar manera en que las personas negocian dichos repertorios y realizar sus intercambios lingüísticos. Esta investigación se caracteriza por ser exploratoria, basada en una revisión bibliográfica, de manera selectiva y crítica. El análisis a través de la indexicalidad permitió identificar características sociolingüísticas en el contexto local y que significados, valores y estatus se atribuyen a las lenguas de contacto en sus respectivos usos, que los diferentes grupos y estratos sociales pertenecientes a la conurbación atribuyen a los códigos utilizados. en el acontecer cotidiano y en la dinámica relacional. Los múltiples discursos, observados en los discursos de los residentes locales y en su forma fluida, denotan la necesidad de repensar la noción de qué lengua está en las zonas de contacto desde la perspectiva de la superdiversidad. Las variedades lingüísticas y los usos que los residentes hacen de las diferentes lenguas disponibles en el repertorio son característicos de esta zona de contacto y esta es una condición que mejor se evidencia en la convivencia del español, el portugués y las lenguas indígenas en este territorio. La pluralidad lingüística y las formas de utilizar las lenguas que componen el repertorio en conjunto, aunque sea fragmentariamente, se evidencian a través de enfoques translingüísticos y miradas fluidas que no sólo tienen en cuenta la situación del hablante y su condición en la sociedad, sino también sus características súper diversas, en comparación con los aspectos emocionales subjetivos. Peralta exploratoria bibliográfica crítica significados relacional fluida superdiversidad español territorio conjunto fragmentariamente sociedad diversas subjetivos

Abstract The interpreter’s prior preparation for a specialised assignment poses a constant challenge for professionals given the usual time constraints experienced in interpreting. The use of an integral application that optimises the prior preparation process from a dual linguistic and extralinguistic perspective will allow the interpreter to contextualise the topic of the event in an agile and effective manner. In order to define the basis on which this application should be designed, this study, which is part of a larger one focused on analysing the way in which prior preparation and glossary elaboration are approached at different educational and professional levels, aims to respond to three objectives: identifying the nature of the main drawbacks encountered by interpreters when preparing for an assignment; identifying the factors that interpreters recognise as determining in increasing the degree of their preparation; and, finally, identifying the interpreters’ future prospects in terms of prior preparation. To this end, a questionnaire was developed aimed at working professional interpreters, to which 41 subjects have responded so far. The preliminary data collected will allow us to initially define the guidelines that will mark the development of the application that aims to combine the linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge acquired by the interpreter for each new assignment in order to guarantee the most effective contextualisation of the speaker’s words and, consequently, achieve the greatest degree of success. s interpreting manner designed study levels objectives finally end 4 far speakers speaker consequently success