Resumo Este artigo propõe uma possibilidade de leitura do espaço urbano por meio da metodologia apresentada por Ewing e Clement (2013) no livro Measuring urban design. Essa metodologia foi aplicada em um trecho da área central da cidade de Laguna/SC tombada pelo Instituto de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional nos anos 1980, por sua relevância histórica e cultural, o que determina quais espaços públicos de uma cidade são mais atrativos à presença humana em detrimento de outros, quais são as qualidades perceptíveis desse espaço e como essas qualidades podem ser mensuradas. Os resultados iniciais indicam que a metodologia proposta é adequada para identificar e mensurar as qualidades perceptíveis do ambiente urbano, tanto em áreas urbanas patrimoniais quanto nas demais áreas. 2013 (2013 design LagunaSC Laguna SC 1980 cultural outros mensuradas 201 (201 198 20 (20 19 2 (2 1 (

Abstract This article proposes the possibility of reading urban space through the methodology presented by Ewing and Clement (2013) in the book Measuring Urban Design. This methodology was applied to a section of the central area of the city of Laguna, State of Santa Catarina, an area listed by the National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage in the 1980s due to its historical and cultural relevance. The methodology determines which public spaces in a city are more attractive to human presence compared to others and what the perceptible qualities of these spaces are, as well as how these qualities can be measured. Initial results indicate that the proposed methodology is suitable for identifying and measuring the perceptible qualities of the urban environment, both in urban heritage areas and in other areas. 2013 (2013 Design Laguna Catarina s relevance measured environment 201 (201 20 (20 2 (2 (

Resumo A reestruturação produtiva das metrópoles ocidentais, nas últimas décadas do século XX, exigiu dos governos nacionais e locais o debate e a elaboração de novos instrumentos urbanísticos voltados à reconversão física e funcional dos espaços então ocupados pela atividade industrial. Este artigo examina os casos do projeto urbano de King’s Cross, em Londres, e da Operação Urbana Água Branca, em São Paulo, ambos pautados na parceria entre poder público e iniciativa privada, especialmente por meio da negociação de ativos urbanos. Constatamos que no caso internacional, embora se observem elementos de exclusão, o processo projetual mirou soluções integradas de requalificação socioambiental. No caso paulistano, o processo de implementação foi caracterizado pela prevalência da modelagem regulatória do espaço em detrimento do projeto urbano. ocidentais XX industrial Kings King s Cross Londres Branca Paulo privada urbanos internacional exclusão socioambiental paulistano

Abstract The production restructuring of Western metropolises in the last decades of the 20th century required national and local governments to debate and develop new urban planning instruments aimed at the physical and functional reconversion of spaces previously occupied by industrial activities. This article examines the cases of the King's Cross urban project in London and the Água Branca Urban Operation in São Paulo, both based on partnerships between the public sector and private initiative, particularly through the negotiation of urban assets. We found that in the international case, although elements of exclusion were observed, the design process aimed at integrated solutions for socio-environmental requalification. In the São Paulo case, the implementation process was characterized by the regulatory modeling of the space to the detriment of urban design. th activities Kings King s initiative assets case observed socioenvironmental socio environmental requalification

Resumen: La comprensión de los principios de inclusión y diversidad es un proceso dialógico y recursivo que los sujetos construyen y reconstruyen a lo largo de su trayectoria de vida. Los disensos críticos de inclusión la comprenden desde las relaciones de alteridad, mirada como un proceso interpelativo. A su vez, la diversidad es comprendida como un proceso de reconocimiento de las diferencias y diversidades de los sujetos. El objetivo de la investigación es develar la configuración de significado respecto a la inclusión y diversidad desde los discursos activos del cuerpo académico que forma educadores desde las experiencias vividas. La investigación se enmarcó en un paradigma interpretativo de naturaleza cualitativa, con un diseño fenomenológico hermenéutico. Se utilizó una muestra por conveniencia de diez participantes a los que se les realizó una entrevista semiestructurada. Los participantes configuran el significado de inclusión y diversidad como un espacio multifactorial para la expresión de la singularidad, en la que el cuerpo académico y el estudiantado pueden expresar su diversidad como elemento enriquecedor del proceso educativo. Esto se produce por la construcción de experiencias formativas que responden a un diseño universal de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje

Abstract: The understanding of the principles of inclusion and diversity is a dialogic and recursive process that individuals construct and reconstruct throughout their life journey. Critical perspectives on inclusion view it through the lens of otherness, seeing it as an interpellative process. Similarly, diversity is understood as the recognition of differences and diversities among individuals. The aim of this research is to uncover how the meaning of inclusion and diversity is configured through the active discourses of higher education faculty who train educators, drawing from their lived experiences. The study is framed within an interpretive, qualitative paradigm, using a hermeneutic-phenomenological design. A convenience sample of ten participants was selected, each of whom participated in a semi-structured interview. The participants define inclusion and diversity as a multifactorial space for the expression of individuality, where both faculty and students can express their diversity as an enriching element of the educational process. This occurs through the creation of formative experiences that align with a universal design for teaching and learning

Resumo: A compreensão dos princípios de inclusão e diversidade é um processo dialógico e recursivo que os sujeitos constroem e reconstroem ao longo de suas trajetórias de vida. Os dissensos críticos sobre inclusão são entendidos a partir das relações de alteridade, vista como um processo interpelativo. Por sua vez, a diversidade é entendida como um processo de reconhecimento das diferenças e diversidades dos sujeitos. O objetivo da pesquisa é desvendar a configuração de significado em relação à inclusão e à diversidade a partir dos discursos ativos do corpo acadêmico que forma educadores com base nas experiências vividas. A pesquisa foi enquadrada em um paradigma interpretativo de natureza qualitativa, com um delineamento fenomenológico hermenêutico. Foi utilizada uma amostra de conveniência de dez participantes e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os participantes configuram o significado de inclusão e diversidade como um espaço multifatorial para a expressão da singularidade, no qual o corpo acadêmico e os estudantes podem expressar sua diversidade como elemento enriquecedor do processo educacional. Isso ocorre por meio da construção de experiências formativas que respondem a um desenho universal de ensino e aprendizagem

Resumen Los árboles como organismos vivos y estructuras, son el hábitat de fauna silvestre, proveen a la ciudad y sus habitantes de múltiples beneficios. Con base en la teoría de la biofilia, son elementos que motivan al deseo por conducirse, moverse y permanecer más tiempo en determinados espacios urbanos, cualidades presentes y abordadas en el estudio de la vitalidad urbana de las ciudades. El presente estudio plantea la hipótesis de que el arbolado, bajo un enfoque biofílico, tiene un rol en la vitalidad urbana en dos de los parques de la ciudad de Huancayo, departamento de Junín, país Perú. Para la variable arbolado urbano, se estudió sus dimensiones: características físicas, cobertura arbórea, y hábitat de fauna; mientras que para la variable vitalidad del parque, se consideró la observación de patrones de movimiento de los visitantes como la distribución o preferencia espacial, los tiempos de permanencia, diversidad de actividades y datos demográficos de los usuarios. Se utilizaron múltiples configuraciones de modelo lineal generalizado (GLM) para evaluar la relación. Los resultados dan a conocer que el arbolado tiene un rol significativo en la vitalidad de los parques, características como la altura y copa son significativas, aunque este rol se expresa de forma diferente según las características de configuración del parque, para el parque Tupac Amaru (ꭓ2=28.953, gl=13,p=0.007) y el parque Grau (ꭓ2=24.299, gl=13,p=0.028). El estudio tiene un aporte directo en la, gestión y diseño de parques desde un enfoque biofílico.

Abstract Trees as living organisms and structures serve as habitats for wildlife and provide multiple benefits to the city and its inhabitants. Based on the theory of biophilia, they are elements that motivate the desire to walk, move, and spend more time in certain urban spaces, qualities that are present and addressed in the study of urban vitality in cities. This study hypothesizes that urban trees, under a biophilic approach, play a role in urban vitality in two parks in the city of Huancayo, Junín department, Peru. For the urban tree variable, its dimensions were studied: physical characteristics, tree cover, and wildlife habitat; while for the park vitality variable, observations of visitor movement patterns such as spatial distribution or preference, time spent, diversity of activities, and demographic data of users were considered. Multiple configurations of generalized linear models (GLM) were used to evaluate the relationship. The results show that urban trees play a significant role in the vitality of parks, with characteristics such as height and canopy being significant, although this role is expressed differently depending on the configuration characteristics of the park, for Tupac Amaru Park (χ²=28.953, df=13, p=0.007) and Grau Park (χ²=24.299, df=13, p=0.028). The study makes a direct contribution to park management and design from a biophilic approach.

Resumo As árvores como organismos vivos e estruturas servem como habitat para a fauna silvestre e proporcionam múltiplos benefícios para a cidade e seus habitantes. Com base na teoria da biofilia, são elementos que motivam o desejo de conduzir-se, mover-se e permanecer mais tempo em determinados espaços urbanos, qualidades presentes e abordadas no estudo da vitalidade urbana das cidades. O presente estudo propõe a hipótese de que o arvoredo, sob uma abordagem biofílica, tem um papel na vitalidade urbana em dois dos parques da cidade de Huancayo, departamento de Junín, Peru. Para a variável de arvoredo urbano, foram estudadas suas dimensões: características físicas, cobertura arbórea e habitat da fauna; enquanto que para a variável de vitalidade do parque, foram consideradas a observação dos padrões de movimento dos visitantes como a distribuição ou preferência espacial, os tempos de permanência, a diversidade de atividades e os dados demográficos dos usuários. Foram utilizadas múltiplas configurações de modelos lineares generalizados (GLM) para avaliar a relação. Os resultados mostram que o arvoredo tem um papel significativo na vitalidade dos parques, com características como altura e copa sendo significativas, embora esse papel se exprima de forma diferente dependendo das características de configuração do parque, para o Parque Tupac Amaru (χ²=28.953, gl=13, p=0.007) e o Parque Grau (χ²=24.299, gl=13, p=0.028). O estudo faz uma contribuição direta para a gestão e o design de parques a partir de uma abordagem biofílica.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the role of the community assembly as a determining instrument to exercise governance in local indigenous politics, because the various disputes between political factions erode the social fabric and increase the inequality gap. Methodological design: A qualitative, ethnographic study in the municipality of San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Fifteen in-depth interviews were carried out with authorities throughout the municipality and with the adult population. The analysis was done with the analytical categories of governance in the Internal Regulatory Systems, in addition to the participants’ opinion on the performance of the municipal administrator. Results: It was found that the recovery of the municipal community assembly, as well as the assemblies in agencies and rancherías caused greater trust among the participants, together with an increase in the possibility of tracing a joint route to recover local governance through the election of the municipal council. Limitations of the study: Although the ethnographic approach sought to give voice to multiple community actors and social sectors, the research had a greater relationship with the authorities because they coexist more closely with the resource administration processes and their oversight. Findings: The community assembly is a fundamental element of the Internal Regulatory Systems which are consistent with the local customs and habits. The function of the assembly is not only to build consensus, it also acts as a means of control and administrative surveillance. Also, there is persistent conflict derived from the institutional design of indigenous municipalities, which have forms of resolution in their uses and customs such as the assembly, which is a space to address problems directly and without intermediaries.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el rol de la asamblea comunitaria como instrumento determinante para ejercer gobernanza en la política local indígena, ya que las diversas disputas entre facciones políticas erosionan el tejido social e incrementan la brecha de desigualdad. Diseño metodológico: Es de tipo cualitativo con una etnografía en el municipio de San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas a profundidad con autoridades en todo el municipio y con población adulta. El análisis se hizo con las categorías analíticas de gobernanza en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, además de la opinión sobre la figura de administrador municipal. Resultados: Se constató que la recuperación de la asamblea comunitaria municipal, así como las asambleas en agencias y rancherías, provocó mayor confianza entre las partes y la posibilidad de trazar una ruta conjunta para recobrar la gobernanza local a través de la elección del cabildo municipal. Limitaciones del estudio: Aunque la etnografía buscó dar voz a múltiples actores y sectores sociales comunitarios, la investigación tuvo mayor relación con las personas autoridades ya que éstas conviven con mayor cercanía con los procesos de administración de los recursos y su contraloría. Hallazgos: La asamblea comunitaria es un elemento fundamental en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, los cuales están insertos en los usos y costumbres indígenas y su función no sólo es construir consensos, sino que además actúa como medio de contraloría y vigilancia administrativa. También existe persistente conflictividad derivada del diseño institucional de los municipios indígenas, los cuales tienen formas de resolución en sus usos y costumbres como la asamblea, la cual es un espacio para abordar problemas de forma directa y sin intermediarios.

Abstract: The bioclimatic quality of three buildings by architect Gilberto Gatto Sobral at Universidad Central del Ecuador was evaluated with two objectives: to find problems that might affect users’ health and productivity, and to establish if climate had a significant role in the design of these buildings The buildings included two faculties: Law and Economics, and the General Administration. Bioclimatic quality was established by comparing existing levels of temperature, relative humidity, and natural light against comfort standards and the local climate. Data were measured over two years in space samples using data loggers. It was concluded that all buildings have spaces outside of comfort being too cold and dark; and climate played a minor role because despite attempts to control natural light, the thermal behavior of materials and the sun's apparent movement were ignored.

Resumen: Se hizo una evaluación de la calidad bioclimática de tres edificios del arquitecto Gilberto Gatto Sobral en la Universidad Central del Ecuador con dos objetivos: encontrar evidencia sobre posibles problemas en los espacios que podrían afectar la salud y productividad de sus usuarios, y determinar si el clima tuvo un papel significativo en el diseño de estos edificios. Los edificios eran dos facultades: Jurisprudencia y Economía, y la Administración General. La calidad bioclimática se estableció a través de la comparación de los niveles existentes de temperatura, humedad relativa y luz natural contra estándares de confort y el clima local. Los datos fueron medidos en muestras de espacios usando data-loggers. Se concluyó que todos los edificios tienen espacios fuera del confort siendo demasiado fríos y oscuros; y el clima tuvo un rol menor debido a que se ignoró el comportamiento térmico de los materiales y el movimiento aparente del sol, pero se intentó controlar la luz natural.

Resumo Pesquisas que avaliam Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS) no Brasil em geral apontam condições desfavoráveis expressas pelos moradores em relação à sua moradia, em termos de unidade habitacional e espaços comuns, assim como seu entorno. Processos participativos para melhorias são considerados essenciais por razões políticas, sociais e econômicas, priorizando os valores do usuário. Considera-se que o desenvolvimento de processos de introdução de melhorias de HIS existentes, no qual o morador é protagonista,participando ativamente, pode orientar ações efetivas. No entanto, processos participativos com foco em melhorias residenciais e em áreas comuns necessitam de procedimentos que de fato atinjam objetivos técnicos e atendam as necessidades e desejos dos moradores, priorizando a viabilidade de execução. A pesquisa desenvolveu um estudo de caso com participação de moradores de um conjunto habitacional em Campinas, SP, com foco específico na área recreativa de uso infantil. O estudo envolveu o público-alvo, crianças moradoras do conjunto habitacional, na definição do seu espaço de lazer, a partir de dinâmicas e atividades lúdicas. São apresentados resultados qualitativos deste processo participativo, envolvendo as crianças. O conhecimento adquirido é metodológico, com lições aprendidas para o planejamento e desenvolvimento de projetosparticipativos de co-design com crianças. (HIS moradia entorno políticas econômicas usuário Considerase Considera se existentes protagonistaparticipando protagonista participando ativamente efetivas entanto execução Campinas SP infantil públicoalvo, públicoalvo público alvo, alvo público-alvo lazer lúdicas participativo metodológico codesign co design

Abstract Research which evaluates Social Housing (SH) in Brazil often points out unfavorable conditions expressed by residents, in terms of the residential unit and common spaces, as well as surroundings. Participatory processes to improve projects are considered essential for political, social and economic reasons, and user values need to be prioritized. Processes to develop improvements for existing SH, that include residents as protagonists, with active participation, may guide more effective actions. However, participatory processes for home and public area renovations require procedures to effectively achieve their technical objectives and meet the needs and desires of their residents with feasibility of implementation. This research developed a case study with the participation of residents of a small SH project in Campinas - SP, with a specific focus on improvements for the children's leisure areas. The study involved the public targeted, children living in the analyzed SH complex, in defining their leisure space through dynamics and playful activities. Qualitative results are presented of this participatory process, involving children. Knowledge gained is methodological, with lessons learned for the planning and development of participatory co-design projects with children. (SH spaces surroundings political reasons prioritized protagonists actions However implementation SP childrens s areas targeted complex activities process methodological codesign co design

ABSTRACT Care for human well-being and health requires the consumption of healthy foods, and therefore, the “baby-leaf” gains increased space in the market as they have higher concentrations of bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and bioactive compounds of baby-leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) according to the color of cultivation benches with different wavelengths. The experiment was conducted in a non-acclimatized greenhouse, covered with low density polyethylene film with an aluminized screen of 50% shading under the film and 50% shading screens on the sides. In a completely randomized design, five types of benches were evaluated without and with bright reflective colored materials: Control bench without reflective material, a bench with reflective bright white laminate, reflective bright dark red laminate, reflective bright dark blue laminate, and reflective bright yellow laminate. The bright white and yellow laminates amplified the most photosynthetically active radiation. All the laminates enhanced yield of baby-leaf chicory plants, where white, yellow, red, and dark blue enhanced the fresh matter by 102.6%, 50.2%, 60.6%, and 37.4% compared to the control, respectively. The bright dark blue laminates enhanced the bioactive compounds of baby-leaf chicory plants. The bright dark blue laminate enhanced the carotenoid production of baby-leaf chicory plants by 11.0%. The use of colored laminates was effective in the cultivation of baby-leaf chicory, both in terms of yield and quality, with significant increases in fresh matter and bioactive compounds. To provide baby-leaf chicory with higher bioactive content with antioxidant effect (carotenoids) the use of dark blue laminates is necessary; however, if the objective is greater shoot DM it will be white laminates.

ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the impact of the urban landscape on street crime, and therefore citizen security, in Mexico City’s Álvaro Obregón district. We focus on the objective aspect of security using a quantitative methodology with four analytical dimensions: geospatial, sociodemographic, urban structure, and typology of the neighborhood. The results show that the heterogeneous manifestation of physical-environmental components and social and economic dynamics create socio-spatial patterns associated with an increase in street crime and a decrease in safety in public spaces. In conclusion, the holistic exploration of the four aspects of an urban landscape allows us to visualize its particularities according to specific times and places, which in turn can be the basis for interweaving and sustaining situational prevention and environmental design by local government planners.

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el impacto que tiene el escenario urbano en el delito callejero, por ende, en la seguridad ciudadana, en la demarcación Álvaro Obregón, Ciudad de México. La vertiente objetiva de la seguridad se aborda con la metodología cuantitativa a partir de cuatro dimensiones de análisis: geoespacial, sociodemográfica, estructura urbana y tipología del lugar. Los resultados muestran que la manifestación heterogénea de los componentes físico-ambientales y las dinámicas sociales y económicas originan patrones socioespaciales que, en cierta medida, hacen repuntar el delito callejero y la falta de seguridad del espacio público. En conclusión, la exploración integral de los componentes del delito callejero y la seguridad urbana permite visualizar sus particularidades de acuerdo a momentos y lugares concretos, cuya caracterización puede ser el sustento para entretejer y apuntalar la prevención situacional y el diseño ambiental a escala de la planeación urbana.

Abstract Population ageing poses a series of challenges that public policies must address, such as active and healthy ageing and the quality of health and care. The progressive loss of the physical and mental faculties that are inherent to the ageing process and the use that the elderly make of urban space and their homes require the programming of public policies that promote active ageing that optimize opportunities and improve the quality of life, improving accessibility to public spaces and the home itself. The design of the urban environment and housing must be considered from an integral approach, combining physical aspects with others linked to interaction and ageing in place. For this reason, new typologies such as senior cohousing and coliving or intergenerational housing are making headway in our country as an alternative to traditional residences for the elderly. address care life itself approach place reason

Resumen El envejecimiento poblacional plantea un conjunto de retos que las políticas públicas deben resolver, como el envejecimiento activo y saludable o la calidad de la asistencia sanitaria y asistencial. La progresiva pérdida de las facultades físicas y psíquicas que son consustanciales al proceso de envejecimiento y el uso que hacen los mayores del espacio urbano y de sus viviendas requiere la programación de políticas públicas que fomenten un envejecimiento activo que permita optimizar oportunidades y mejorar la calidad de vida, mejorando la accesibilidad a los espacios públicos y el propio hogar. El diseño del entorno urbano y de la vivienda deben pensarse desde un enfoque integral, que aúne aspectos físicos con otros vinculados a la interacción y el envejecimiento en comunidad (aging in place). Por ello, nuevas tipologías como el cohousing y el coliving senior o las viviendas intergeneracionales se están abriendo paso en nuestro país como alternativa a las tradiciones residencias para gente mayor. resolver asistencial vida hogar integral aging place. place . place) ello mayor

ABSTRACT The design and visualization of the distribution of atoms in a fraction of space through the application of software allows us to increase the understanding of the structure of materials and the elaboration of theoretical propositions. The purpose of this work was to develop a procedure for the application of the GeoGebra 3D software as a tool for designing crystalline structures, from the Mathematics subject for Chemical Engineering students. A workshop called GeoCristal was held to reflect experiences on the use of GeoGebra 3D. Based on a sequence of tasks, the students designed a BCC crystal structure related to alpha iron in the software. The experience demonstrated the usefulness of the software for the design of crystalline structures. It made possible to promote and systematize essential contents of Materials Engineering. Managed to increase students' motivation for Mathematics. The study reflected the importance of the use of ICTs and basic subjects in the training of chemical engineers.

RESUMEN El diseño y visualización de la distribución de los átomos en una fracción del espacio mediante la aplicación de software, permite elevar la comprensión de la estructura de los materiales y la elaboración de proposiciones teóricas. El propósito de este trabajo consistió en desarrollar un procedimiento para la aplicación del software GeoGebra 3D como herramienta de diseño de estructuras cristalinas, desde la asignatura de Matemática para estudiantes de Ingeniería Química. Se realizó un taller denominado GeoCristal para reflejar las experiencias sobre el empleo de GeoGebra 3D. A partir de una secuencia de tareas, los estudiantes diseñaron en el software una estructura cristalina BCC relacionada con el hierro alfa. La experiencia demostró la utilidad del software para el diseño en estructuras cristalinas. Permitió fomentar y sistematizar contenidos imprescindibles de la Ingeniería de los Materiales. Logró aumentar la motivación de los estudiantes por las Matemáticas. El estudio reflejó la importancia del uso de las TICs y de las asignaturas básicas en la formación del ingeniero químico.

Abstract: This study focuses on the implementation of real-time 360° video for the initial training of elementary education mathematics teachers through tele-immersion. It examines how this technology influences the perception, interpretation, and decision-making of preservice teachers, referred to as noticing ability. Based on a descriptive qualitative design, the interactions and decisions of 32 future teachers involved in collaborative statistical problem-solving classes were analyzed. The methodology included four phases of collaboration and reflection, supported by a knowledge management and tele-immersion model using 360° cameras. The results indicated that tele-immersion facilitated a deep immersion in real pedagogical contexts, improving perception and decision-making skills at the level of experienced teachers. The immersion, in synergy with the collaboration between practicing teachers and academic trainers, facilitated an effective transition in several key categories, such as: the role, from student to teacher; the space, from university classroom to school classroom; the knowledge, from general to specific in solving and guiding statistical problems; and the activity, from design to implementation. Despite technical challenges, tele-immersion proved to be an invaluable tool for teacher training, promoting a deeper and more effective integration between theory and practice.

Resumen: Este estudio se centra en la implementación de videos 360° en tiempo real para la formación inicial de profesores de matemáticas de educación básica mediante la tele-inmersión. Se analiza cómo esta tecnología influye en la capacidad de noticing de los estudiantes de pedagogía; es decir, su percepción, habilidades interpretativas y toma de decisiones. A partir de un diseño cualitativo descriptivo, se examinaron las interacciones y decisiones de 32 futuros docentes involucrados en clases de resolución colaborativa de problemas estadísticos. La metodología abarcó cuatro fases de colaboración y reflexión, apoyadas en un modelo de gestión del conocimiento y tele-inmersión utilizando cámaras 360°. Los resultados indicaron que la tele-inmersión facilita un involucramiento profundo en contextos pedagógicos reales, lo que mejora la percepción y capacidad de tomar decisiones desde el contacto con el nivel de docentes experimentados. La inmersión, en sinergia con la colaboración entre docentes en ejercicio y formadores académicos, propició una transición efectiva en varias categorías clave como: el rol, desde estudiante a profesor; el espacio, del aula universitaria al escolar; el conocimiento, de uno general a uno específico en la resolución y guía de problemas estadísticos; y la actividad, desde el diseño hasta la implementación. A pesar de los desafíos técnicos, la tele-inmersión demostró ser una herramienta invaluable para la formación docente, al promover una integración más profunda y efectiva entre teoría y práctica.

Abstract The concept and design of urban spaces following the standard of hegemonic individuals is criticized by alternative lines of thought which conceive cities on the basis of human diversity. Such objections, however, disregard the fact that those individuals, as a primary distinctive feature, belong to the homo sapiens species, which has implications since the conception of territory and urban space is centered around those individuals. At the outset, this last aspect appears to be dilemmatic as we live among individuals forming part of different biological groups. Due to this fact, the aim of this essay is to analyse the concept of critical urban planning that takes a more intersectional and non-anthropocentric approach. I accordingly support the theories on disability which raise objections to the traditional urban planning framework based on city dwellers. I shall therefore critically consider the capacity-model reference, stating the anthropocentric reasons to reject the traditional way of thinking. I shall base my arguments on the reasons underlying the traditional framework, being speciesist in nature from the point of view of animal ethics, which actively interact with the notion of ableism based on a crip animal approach. Finally, I shall consider the political changes supporting the latest reflections related to animal rights, with a view to depicting their implications in the context of urban planning.

Resumen Los espacios urbanos responden a un modelo de sujeto hegemónico que es criticado por distintas corrientes que abogan por ciudades pensadas desde la diversidad humana. Sin embargo, esas objeciones suelen llevarse a cabo sin cuestionar que el primer rasgo de aquel sujeto es su pertenencia a la especie homo sapiens y que, en consecuencia, la cuestión tanto territorial como de la urbe se centra en él. Esto es problemático, ya que convivimos con individuos de diferentes grupos biológicos. A raíz de ello, mi objetivo es plantear la necesidad de un urbanismo crítico, interseccional y no antropocéntrico. Con ese fin, selecciono los cuestionamientos que recibe el modelo tradicional de habitante urbano por parte de las teorías de la discapacidad. Me detendré en el carácter capacitista del prototipo de referencia y las razones antropocéntricas que se emplean para su rechazo. Luego, argumentaré que esos motivos son especistas desde la perspectiva de la ética animal e interactúan con el capacitismo a la luz del enfoque animalista crip. Por último, daré paso al giro político para los derechos de los animales con la intención de exhibir sus implicancias en materia de urbanismo.

Resumen: La educación no debe estar confinada a los centros urbanos ni diseñada únicamente para grandes públicos. Los proyectos en esta sección evidencian la escasez de instalaciones educativas fuera de las grandes concentraciones urbanas, un problema significativo en América Latina. Las cuatro escuelas en la Araucanía, al sur de Chile, acogen a pequeños grupos de estudiantes de diferentes edades y de entornos rurales, muchos de los cuales viajan varios kilómetros para asistir a clases. Juntas, ofrecen una exploración tipológica donde pasillos o halls se transforman en animados interiores multipropósito. Su materialidad, dimensiones y emplazamiento estratégico les permiten funcionar como patios de recreo, comedores, aulas y espacios para reuniones públicas, sirviendo a profesores, estudiantes y la comunidad en general. El Bosque Learning Center en La Barra, Uruguay, es una iniciativa de una organización sin fines de lucro ante la falta de espacios culturales y de aprendizaje en este enclave costero. Como un espacio para la reunión social y cultural, el edificio posiciona el bosque en el corazón de la experiencia de aprendizaje. Las salas circulares translúcidas, construidas con materiales simples, y a la larga desmontables, alojan espacios para talleres y clases. Organizadas alrededor de un espacio social de mayor tamaño, se abren y cierran al bosque circundante. El diseño fomenta una conexión visual y sensorial con la naturaleza, enriqueciendo formas organizadas y espontáneas de aprendizaje en y desde el bosque.

Abstract: Education should not be confined to urban centers or designed solely for mass publics. The projects in this section highlight the critical shortage of educational facilities outside large urban areas, a significant issue across Latin America. The four schools in Araucanía, in the south of Chile, accomodate small groups of students of various ages from rural backgrounds, who often travel several miles to attend classes. Each school doubles as a communal center. Presented together they offer a typological exploration to transform halls or distribution spaces into lively indoor patios and multipurpose interiors. The materiality, dimensions, and thoughtful placement allow these spaces to function as playgrounds, cafeterias, classrooms, and venues for public gatherings, serving teachers, students and the broader community. Bosque Learning Center in La Barra, Uruguay, is a self-organized response from a non-profit organization to the lack of cultural and learning spaces in this seaside enclave. As a space for social and cultural gathering, the building places the forest at the heart of the learning experience. Translucent circular rooms, constructed with simple and sustainable materials, are organized around a central square space, opening and closing to the forest beyond. The design fosters a visual and perceptual connection with nature, enhancing organized and spontaneous forms of learning in, and from the forest.

Resumen: ¿Puede un edificio no sólo alojar, sino promover la creatividad y la innovación? El Centro de Innovación INES en el Campus Collao de la Universidad del Bío-Bío en Concepción, Chile, responde afirmativamente a esta pregunta. El edificio de cinco pisos, de hormigón pigmentado rojizo, se distingue de los diseños isomorfos y de planta libre que predominan en la arquitectura de la educación y de oficinas contemporánea. Un espacio central tipo atrio conecta verticalmente todos los pisos. A diferencia de los atrios convencionales, este rompe con la idea de un espacio uniforme: ningún piso ni sus conexiones son iguales. El fuerte carácter espacial del edificio busca fomentar la colaboración y promover una cultura de trabajo dinámica. Si tiene éxito en ello lo determinarán investigadores y usuarios, pero su diseño audaz e intrigante seguramente atraerá a la comunidad universitaria, consolidándolo como una adición destacada al campus.

Abstract: Can a building support, better still, promote creativity and innovation? The INES Innovation Center at Campus Collao of Universidad del Bío-Bío in Concepción, Chile, answers this question affirmatively. This five-story building of reddish pigmented concrete stands out against the prevalent isomorphic, undifferentiated free plans that dominate contemporary educational and office architecture alike. A central atrium-like space connects all floors vertically. Unlike traditional atriums, this one rejects a one-size-fits-all approach: no two floors or their connections are alike. The building’s strong spatial character aims to promote a dynamic work culture and foster collaboration. Whether it succeeds is for researchers and users to determine, but its bold and intriguing design will certainly attract the university community, making it a standout addition to the campus.