Abstract Introduction Lateral pharyngoplasty (LP) has shown promising results. Craniofacial deformity reduces the pharyngeal space, contributing to the etiopathogenesis. The analysis of craniofacial features can be performed using cephalometry. Objective To verify if craniofacial deformity is associated with worse polysomnographic data in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to verify if the preoperative cephalometric parameters can interfere with the surgical success of the LP. Methods The study included 21 patients with OSA aged between 18 and 65 years who underwent LP in a university hospital from 2015 to 2019. Polysomnography was performed postoperatively, after a minimum period of 6 months from the surgical procedure. In addition, a cephalometric evaluation was performed to assess craniofacial deformity, and to correlate it with the polysomnographic results. Results The mean and median of all polysomnographic respiratory parameters improved postoperatively, especially the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which went from 40.15 to 16.60 events per hour (p = 0.001). Of the 21 patients, 15 showed improvements in the AHI postoperatively. As for the cephalometric evaluations, we found that the longer the distance between the hyoid bone and the mandibular plane, the greater the patient's preoperative AHI (p = 0.011). When assessing whether cephalometric changes related to craniofacial deformities influence the surgical outcome of LP, no correlation was found for any cephalometric measurement. Conclusion The longer the distance between the hyoid bone and the mandibular plane, the greater the preoperative AHI, and LP was an effective OSA treatment. Cephalometric variables are not able to modify or determine the success of LP in apneic patients in the population assessed. (LP results space etiopathogenesis cephalometry OSA, , (OSA) 2 1 201 2019 postoperatively procedure addition apneahypopnea hypopnea (AHI) 4015 40 40.1 1660 16 60 16.6 p 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 0.001) evaluations plane patient s 0.011. 0011 0.011 011 0.011) measurement treatment assessed (OSA 20 (AHI 401 4 40. 166 16. 000 0.00 00 0.01 01 0.0 0.

Abstract Here we present multivariate quantitative approximations of Banach space valued continuous multivariate functions on a box or RN, N ∈ N, by the multivariate normalized, quasi-interpolation, Kantorovich type and quadrature type neural network operators. We treat also the case of approximation by iterated operators of the last four types. These approximations are derived by establishing multidimensional Jackson type inequalities involving the multivariate modulus of continuity of the engaged function or its high order Fréchet derivatives. Our multivariate operators are defined by using a multidimensional density function induced by several different among themselves general sigmoid functions. This is done on the purpose to activate as many as possible neurons. The approximations are pointwise and uniform. The related feed-forward neural network is with one hidden layer. We finish with related Lp approximations.

Resumen Presentamos aproximaciones multivariadas cuantitativas de funciones multivariadas continuas con valores en un espacio de Banach definidas en una caja o en RN, N ∈ N, a través de operadores de redes neuronales multivariados normalizados, de cuasi-interpolación, de tipo Kantorovich y de tipo cuadratura. También tratamos el caso de aproximación usando operadores iterados de los últimos cuatro tipos. Estas aproximaciones se derivan estableciendo desigualdades multidimensionales de tipo Jackson que involucran el módulo de continuidad multivariado de la función comprometida o sus derivadas de Fréchet de alto orden. Nuestros operadores multivariados son definidos usando una función de densidad multidimensional inducida por varias funciones sigmoidales generales diferentes entre sí. Esto se hace con el propósito de activar la mayor cantidad de neuronas posible. Las aproximaciones son puntutales y uniformes. La red neuronal prealimentada relacionada tiene un nivel oculto. Concluimos con aproximaciones Lp relacionadas.

Resumen En las operaciones de procesamiento y conservación de productos agropecuarios se aplica diferentes fuentes de energía, cuyo precio ha aumentado en los últimos años. Con el apoyo del programa local piloto de uso de energía solar en la región Huetar Norte, en conjunto con el Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica y el Sector Agropecuario, se ha evaluado la aplicación de diversos sistemas térmicos solares en pequeñas y medianas explotaciones agrícolas para sustituir los métodos tradicionales de generación de energía por sistemas limpios para mejorar las condiciones productivas y disminuir la huella de carbono local. Por esta razón, se ha diseñado y evaluado sistemas termosifónicos solares híbridos con un sistema auxiliar eléctrico para la esterilización de equipos de ordeño, así como sistemas térmicos solares forzados híbridos con agua y gas LP para la esterilización y pasteurización de leche o para el secado de productos agrícolas con agua, aire caliente y gas LP y un secador solar pasivo para diferentes tipos de productos agrícolas. Los resultados de la evaluación de estos sistemas se obtuvieron por medio de la ubicación de termopares en lugares claves dentro de los sistemas y fueron almacenados en el espacio cibernético para facilitar su acceso mediante cualquier dispositivo electrónico. Estos resultados han permitido comprobar la disminución de los costos operativos relacionados con las facturas energéticas, el mejoramiento de la eficiencia de los diferentes procesos y la disminución de la huella de carbono de estas explotaciones, lo que representaría una ventaja competitiva en el mercado regional, nacional e internacional.

Abstract Different energy sources are applied in the operations used for processing and preserving food and other agricultural products. The Technology Institute of Costa Rica and the agricultural sector of Costa Rica has supported the Local Pilot Program for the use of solar energy in the Northern Huetar Region of Costa Rica for the application and evaluation of different solar thermal systems in small and medium-sized agricultural units to replace the traditional methods of energy generation for clean production systems, reduce the local carbon footprint and improve production conditions. For this reason, in the Northern Huetar Region of Costa Rica, hybrid solar thermosiphonic systems with an auxiliary electric system have been designed and evaluated for the sterilization of milking equipment; hybrid solar thermal systems with water and LP gas for sterilization and pasteurization of milk; hybrid forced solar thermal systems with water, hot air and LP gas and a passive solar dryer for different types of agricultural products. The results of the evaluation of these systems were obtained by setting thermocouples in key places inside the systems and they were stored in the cybernetic space to facilitate their access through any electronic device. These results has allowed verify the decrease in operating costs related to energy bills, the efficiency improvement of the different processes and the carbon footprint decreasing of these farms, which would represent a competitive advantage in the regional, national and international markets.

RESUMO A transmissão de energia sem fio tem sido usada recentemente para carregar baterias em dispositivos portáteis. Este estudo é o primeiro a combinar essa tecnologia com diodos emissores de luz (WPT-LP) para aplicação em cultura de tecido vegetal. Também são apresentadas comparações entre crescimento in vitro de plântulas de crisântemo e morango com o novo sistema de iluminação: sistema LED - Uni-Pack (LP), tubo LED e luz fluorescente (FL). Os resultados demonstraram que peso fresco (1,42 g), peso seco (118,67 mg), altura da planta (5,68 cm), área foliar (3,59 cm2) e conteúdo de clorofila (47,9 g g-1) de plântulas de crisântemo submetidas ao sistema WPT-LP foram maiores do que os daquelas submetidas a FL e tubo LED. Resultados similares também foram registrados em plântulas de morango. Esses resultados sugerem que, usando-se o sistema WPT-LP, tem-se uma economia de espaço de cultura considerável em comparação ao sistema convencional de iluminação descendente com lâmpadas fluorescentes. Os resultados também indicaram que o crescimento subsequente ao desenvolvimento de plântulas de crisântemo e morango provenientes do sistema WPT-LP foi igual e/ou melhor que o daquelas oriundas dos sistemas LP e tubo LED ou FL.

ABSTRACT Wireless power transmission has been recently used to charge batteries in portable devices. This is the first study to combine this technology with light-emitting diodes (WPT-LP) for plant tissue culture application. We also present the comparison of the in vitro growth of chrysanthemum and strawberry plantlets under the new LED lighting system; LED - Uni-Pack (LP) system; LED tube and fluorescent light (FL). The results showed that fresh weight (1.42 g), dry weight (118.67 mg), plant height (5.68 cm), leaf area (3.59 cm2) and chlorophyll content (47.9 μg g-1) of chrysanthemum plantlets under the WPT-LP system were higher than those under FL and LED tube. Similar results were also recorded on the strawberry plantlets. Our results suggested that utilizing WPT-LP system saves the culture space considerably compared with the conventional downward lighting system with fluorescent lamps. The results also indicated that the subsequent growth and development of chrysanthemum and strawberry plantlets derived from WPT-LP system were either equal to or better than those from LP system under LED tube or FL.

A trombose do seio dural é uma situação clínica rara, que resulta normalmente da complicação de processos infecciosos dos seios perinasais. Os sintomas e sinais são extremamente variados e inespecíficos sendo o diagnóstico feito através da ressonância magnética nuclear. Esse trabalho relata a ocorrência de trombose do seio dural em um paciente com idade pediátrica. Paciente com 10 anos de idade, sexo masculino, foi enviado ao serviço de urgência devido à diplopia e endotropia no olho esquerdo. No exame oftalmológico foi detectado papiledema bilateral, diplopia binocular e endotropia do olho esquerdo. Apresentava acuidade visual de 10/10 bilateralmente. Diante da suspeita de lesão ocupando espaço do sistema nervoso central, foi realizada ressonância magnética nuclear que confirmou o diagnóstico de TSD. Para avaliar a pressão intracraniana foi efetuada uma punção lombar com manometria, e esta demonstrou uma pressão intracraniana de 20mmHg (normal: <15mmHg). Perante isto a criança ficou internada para tratamento médico (enoxaparina de baixo peso molecular 1,5 mg/kg/dia subcutâneo (60 mg/dia), prednisolona 35 mg/dia oral e acetazolamida 250 mg/dia oral) durante 10 dias. Após 1 mês de follow-up verificou-se agravamento oftalmológico. A realização de nova punção lombar apresentou uma pressão intracraniana de 40 mmHg que não cedia ao tratamento médico. Após discussão multidisciplinar do caso optou-se pela realização de derivação lombo-peritoneal. A necessidade de uma grande dose de suspeição clínica, tanto para o diagnóstico inicial quanto para a monitorização das complicações, tornam a abordagem da trombose do seio dural um processo singular.

Dural sinus thrombosis is a rare condition, usually results from a late complication of an infection of the paranasal sinuses. The signs and symptoms are extremely varied and nonspecific, being the diagnosis made through magnetic resonance imaging. Ten-year-old male patient that was sent to our emergency department with left endotropia and diplopia. Ophthalmic examination was performed and showed papilledema with margin blurred right and left eye, binocular diplopia and left eye endotropia. Visual acuity was 10/10 bilaterally. Given the suspected space occupying lesion of the central nervous system, the MRI was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of DST. For evaluating the intracranial pressure (IP), a lombar puncture (LP) with manometry was carried out and revealed IP of 20 mmHg (normal values: <15mmHg). Towards this, the child’s was admitted for medical treatment (low molecular weight enoxaparin subcutaneous 1,5 mg/kg/day (60 mg/day), prednisolone 35 mg/per day and acetazolamide 250 mg/per day) over 10 days. After 1 month of follow-up there was deterioration of the ophthalmologic condition. A new LP was made and showed IP of 40 mmHg resilient to medical treatment. After multidisciplinary discussion of the case, it was decided for conducting lumboperitoneal shunt. The need for a great deal of suspicion for both the initial diagnosis and for monitoring complications make DST approach a special process.

As part of a household energisation experiment, a baseline survey was undertaken from a sample of 152 households in the informal settlement of Samora Machel. The survey covered energy needs for cooking, space heating, water heating, lighting and any other demands, the costs of energy and total household monthly expenses. The average home had 3-4 inhabitants in less than 2 rooms. Paraffin was the primary source of energy for cooking and space heating, and played a significant role in water heating and lighting. Electricity was quite widely available, but was used primarily for low-power services such as radios and cellphones. Only 10% of all homes had a refrigerator. 20% of all homes purchased LP gas regularly but only used it on social occasions. Fuelwood was collected rather than purchased, and mainly burned in an open brazier, both for cooking and space heating. Space heating was primarily by cookstove; only one home had a specially designed heater using paraffin fuel. The median household expenditure was R1 800/month and 20% of this was spent on energy services. About half the homes are at risk of energy poverty, where lack of energy could give rise to a range of health problems, particularly during the colder months.

Este artigo pretende realizar uma leitura interpretativa da canção Sobre todas as coisas, composta por Chico Buarque e Edu Lobo, gravada originalmente no LP O grande circo místico (1983). A partir da ideia de canção como espaço que conjuga os textos verbal (a letra) e musical (melodia, harmonia e ritmo), vistos em relação de mútua correspondência, interessa-nos tentar perceber de que modo aspectos daqueles dois textos estão correspondidos e contribuem para a construção discursiva do sentimento amoroso, cenário afetivo em que um erótico eu-lírico entoa o canto sensual de sua vontade. Devido às relações pressentidas entre um discurso de fundo religioso-cristão e certa carga de sensualidade em Sobre todas as coisas, guardaremos, também, nossa leitura do poema O grande circo místico, publicado por Jorge de Lima em A túnica inconsútil (1938), além de referências ao compêndio Bíblia Sagrada.

This article aims at performing an interpretive analysis of the song Sobre Todas as Coisas (About everything) by Brazilian Chico Buarque and Edu Lobo, originally recorded on the long play O Grande Circo Místico (1983). Departing from the idea of the song as a space that combines verbal text (the lyrics) and musical text (melody, harmony and rhythm) seen in mutual relation, I try to understand the correspondences between these two texts and contribute to the discursive construction of the feeling of love, that is the affection scenario in which an erotic narrator sings the sensual chant of his desire. Due to the relationship perceived between a Christian-based speech and some sensuality in the song Sobre Todas as Coisas, we also put in perspective the poem O Grande Circo Místico, published by Brazilian Jorge de Lima on A Túnica Inconsútil (1938), as well as references from the Holy Bible.

In this paper, we give theoretical foundations for modeling distance functions on the usual Euclidean space Rn, where distance may refer to physical kilometers, liters of fuel consumed, time spent in traveling, or transportation cost. In our approach, a distance function d is derived from a function F0 called the fundamental function of d. Our distance functions, unlike metrics, can be asymmetric and non-positive definite, and unlike the Lp norms, they can be nonuniform. We illustrate our theoretical framework by modeling an asymmetric and non-uniform distance function on R² which can take negative values.

En este artículo se dan bases teóricas para modelar funciones distancia sobre el espacio euclidiano usual Rn, donde distancia se puede referir a kilómetros, litros de combustible consumidos, tiempo de recorrido, o costo de transporte. En nuestro enfoque, una función distancia d se obtiene a partir de una función Fo llamada la función fundamental de d. Estas funciones distancia, a diferencia de las métricas, pueden ser asimétricas y no positivas definidas, y a diferencia de las normas Lp, pueden ser no uniformes. Se ilustra el marco teórico propuesto a través del modelado de una función distancia asimétrica y no uniforme sobre R² la cual puede tomar valores negativos.

Acute myeloradicular compression due to a spinal subarachnoid hematoma (SSAH) after lumbar puncture (LP) is an extremely rare complication. Several risk factors have been involved in the production of these hematomas, mainly the presence of hemostasis disorders in the patient. We report the case of a 20-year-old man with leukemia and thrombocytopenia (26,000 platelets/mm³) who, after undergoing a LP, developed paraparesis and became unable to stand. A magnetic resonance disclosed the presence of a ventral intradural hematoma from D12 to L4. An emergency decompressive laminectomy was performed and an hematoma located in the subarachnoid space was partially removed. On the fourth postoperative day, the patient was able to walk without assistance, but one month later, he died because of systemic complications of his disease. Only 26 cases of SSAH after LP have been found in the literature review we have performed. In most of them, the following common features have been observed: association with anticoagulant therapies, association with thrombocytopenia, delayed onset of compressive myeloradicular syndrome, need of surgical treatment, good functional outcome in half of patients, and short life expectancy for patients with previous serious illness. Risk for developing a SSAH after LP could be high in leukemia patients with a tendency to have severe thrombocytopenia (perhaps less than 25,000 platelets/mm³).

La compresión mielo-radicular aguda secundaria a un hematoma subaracnoideo espinal (HSAE) es una complicación extremadamente rara tras una punción lumbar (PL). En el mecanismo de producción de estos hematomas han sido implicados diversos factores de riesgo, principalmente la presencia de trastornos de la hemostasia en el paciente. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 20 años con leucemia aguda y trombocitopenia (26.000 plaquetas/mm³) que, tras ser sometido a una PL, desarrolló una paraparesia con imposibilidad para la bipedestación. La resonancia magnética (RM) demostró la presencia de un hematoma intradural ventral desde D12 hasta L4. Se realizó una laminectomía descompresiva de urgencia y se pudo evacuar parcialmente un hematoma localizado en el espacio subaracnoideo. Al cuarto día postoperatorio, el paciente consiguió caminar sin ayuda, pero falleció un mes después debido a complicaciones sistémicas de su enfermedad. Sólo se han encontrado 26 casos de HSAE tras PL en la revisión de la literatura que hemos realizado. Se han observado las siguientes características comunes a la mayoría de ellos: asociación con tratamientos anticoagulantes, asociación con trombocitopenia, aparición de síndrome compresivo mielo-radicular de forma retardada, necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico, buen resultado funcional en la mitad de los pacientes, y corta esperanza de vida en aquellos con enfermedad previa grave. En pacientes leucémicos con tendencia a tener marcada trombocitopenia (quizás por debajo de 25.000 plaquetas/mm³), el riesgo de desarrollar un HSAE tras PL puede ser elevado.

Foram utilizados dados de 498 cavalos registrados na Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Cavalo Campeiro, entre 1985 e 1999. Foram incluídas informações individuais de 16 medidas lineares: alturas da cernelha (AC), do dorso (AD), da garupa (AG), dos costados (ACost) e do vazio subesternal (Vaz); comprimentos da cabeça (CC), do pescoço (CP), do dorso-lombar (CD), da garupa (CG), da espádua (CE) e do corpo (CCorp); larguras da cabeça (LC), do peito (LP) e da anca (LA); perímetros torácico (PT) e de canela (PC). Com os dados de registro, foram calculados o peso (P) e os índices: peitoral (IP), dáctilo-torácico (IDT), corporal (IC), torácico (IT), conformação (ICF), carga para trabalho a trote e a galope (ICG1), carga para trabalho a passo (ICG2), compacidade (ICO1 e ICO2) e relação corporal entre AC e AG (RCG). A análise de variância foi realizada considerando-se os efeitos fixos de mês (MRO) e ano de registro (AR), do sexo, da idade e da cor da pelagem. Os índices obtidos mostraram aptidão intermediária entre trabalho de sela e tração leve. O peso médio foi de 419,96 kg e o IC de 0,849, indicando ser animal mediolíneo, ideal para equitação. A partir do ICG1 e ICG2, estima-se que possa suportar, em média, peso de 117 kg, em trote ou a galope, e 199 kg, em caminhada rápida. Os coeficientes de variação apresentaram grande amplitude, predominando valores baixos. Sexo e cor da pelagem não foram causas importantes de variação nas medidas e nos índices. O MR influenciou CC, CP, CD, CE, LP, LA, PT, PC e a maior parte dos índices. O AR não influenciou AC, AD e ACost, CC, LP e PT, fazendo-o nas demais medidas lineares, mas, entre os índices, teve efeito importante apenas no IT. A idade dos animais influenciou ACost, CD, LC, LP, LA, PT e a maioria dos índices. A cor da pelagem em maior proporção na população foi castanha, seguida por baia e tordilha.

Data was available on 498 horses registered by the Brazilian Association of Campeiro Horse Breeders. This included individual data on 16 linear traits [shoulder height (SH), mid back height (MBH), withers height (WH), back height (BH), head length (HL), neck length (NL), back length (BL), shoulder length (SL), hip length (HiL), body length (BOL), head width (HW), chest width (CW), hip width (HIW), chest circumference (CC), cannon bone circumference (CBC)], space under horse (SUH), coat color, temperament and nine subjective traits taken at registration. Body indices and weight were calculated from standard formulae where pectoral index (PI)= WH/SUH, dactyl-thoracic index (DTI), weight (BW), length index (LI), body index (BI), thorax index (TI), conformation index (CI), work index 1 (WI1) and work index 2 (WI2), compact index 1 (COI1) and compact index 2 (COI2). The effect of sex of animal, month, age and year of registration as well as coat color on the measurements was carried out using SAS® (Statistical Analysis System). The Campeiro horse is well proportioned with WH (1.46 m) slightly higher than SH. It is an animal that is between saddle and light traction, with a mean weight 419.96 kg, and medium length. WI1 and WI2 show that it can support 117.16 kg at a trot or gallop and a maximum weight of 198.76 kg at a fast walk. Variance coefficients varied widely but low measures predominated. Sex and coat color were not important sources of variation for measurements and indices. Month of registration influenced CC, CP, CD, CE, LP, LA, PT, PC and most indices. Year of registration did not influence AC, AD, ACost, CC, LP and PT, but was significant for the other linear measures and only for IT in the indices. Age influenced ACost, CD, LC, LP, LA, PT and most indices. The most popular coat color was chestnut followed by bay and dark grey.