Abstract: This study determined the effect of different levels of mamey kernel meal (MKM) as a substitute for ground corn and soybean meal on in vitro gas production, nutrient degradability, fermentation, and protozoan population. The study was carried out in a randomized block design repeated over time. The treatments consisted of seven levels of mamey kernel meal, namely 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% dry matter (DM), replacing ground corn and soybean meal. The inclusion of MKM had a linear effect on in vitro gas production (P=0.03); the highest production was at 30% inclusion and the lowest at 0%, with 381 and 291 mL g-1, respectively. No differences (P>0.05) were found in gas production, fermentation rate, and lag time between treatments. The maximum volume of gas production (397.43 mL g-1) was at 30%, while the lowest (291.40 mL g-1) was observed at 0% inclusion of MKM. No differences were found in nutrient degradability, protozoan population, and volatile fatty acids (P>0.05). The genera of protozoa that were identified were Entodinium and Holotrich. The different inclusion levels of MKM did not affect the total protozoa population (P>0.05). In conclusion, MKM can be included up to 15% under in vitro conditions without negative effects on fermentative parameters. However, further in vivo studies are needed.

ABSTRACT. Due to its beneficial biological properties, chitosan extracted from crustacean byproducts emerges as a viable strategy to mitigate the anti-nutritional factors in vegetable-based diets for juvenile white snook (Centropomus viridis). The growth, survival, and nutritional efficiency of juvenile white snook-fed diets containing chitosan were evaluated. Chitosan was extracted chemically and enzymatically from shrimp byproducts (exoskeletons and heads). It was then included in a soybean meal-based diet (48% protein and 19% kJ g-1 gross energy) at 0, 0.5, and 1.0% chitosan levels (D-Control, CHI-0.5%, and CHI-1.0%). Juvenile snook (initial weight: 44.5 ± 4.2 g) were randomly distributed into 300 L tanks and fed the experimental diets three times daily for 45 days. Fish fed the CHI-0.5% and CHI-1.0% diets were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in growth rates than the D-Control diet. No significant differences in survival were observed. The FCR of the CHI-0.5% and CHI-1.0% diets were lower when compared to the D-Control (P < 0.05). The results suggest the utilization of chitosan in diets with high soybean meal content for snook to obtain better growth and survival.

ABSTRACT An eight-week feeding trial investigated the effects of fishmeal (FM) replacement by soybean meal (SBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) in diets supplemented with two methionine sources (DL-Met and AQUAVI®) and their combinations with ECOBIOL® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940) on growth performance, body composition, and nutrient metabolism of Penaeus vannamei. Four hundred shrimp (0.30 ± 0.04 g) randomly distributed into 20 tanks (20 shrimp tank-1) were fed with five experimental diets (four repetitions per diet). A control diet (CD; 20% FM) and four diets with 50% FM replacement supplemented with different methionine sources and ECOBIOL® combinations: D1 (0.13% DL-MET), D2 (0.06% AQUAVI®), D3 (0.13% DL-MET plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®), and D4 (0.06% AQUAVI® plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®). Shrimp fed D2 and D4 had better growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition. Shrimp fed D3 also had good growth performance but higher lipid body composition. Shrimp fed D1 had the worst growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition values. Nutrient metabolism-related genes were affected by dietary treatments. Protein synthesis-related genes decreased mostly in shrimp fed D1 and D2 while increased mostly in shrimp fed D3 and D4, lipolysis-related genes had a better transcriptional response in shrimp fed D4 and lipogenesis-related genes were mostly downregulated in shrimp fed D2 while were mostly upregulated in shrimp fed D3 and D4. Results suggested that FM could be partially replaced with SBM and PBM in shrimp feeds supplemented with 0.06% AQUAVI® alone or combined with 0.10% ECOBIOL® without adversely affecting the growth and nutrient metabolism of P. vannamei.

RESUMEN Se realizó un experimento para determinar el efecto de tres fuentes de aceite con tres niveles de inclusión sobre las variables de desempeño, calidad de la canal y órganos en pollos de engorde. Las fuentes usadas fueron aceite de palma (Elaeis guineensis), aceite de pollo y aceite de Sacha inchi (Plukentia volubilis). Un total de 324 hembras de la línea Ross 308, fueron asignadas en un diseño completamente al azar en nueve tratamientos con seis repeticiones y seis aves por repetición, las cuales fueron adicionados a una dieta a base de maíz y soya en harina que contenían 3, 6 y 9% de inclusión de cada una de las fuentes de aceites por un periodo entre 8 y 21 días de edad y de 22 a 42 días de edad. Los datos de peso vivo y consumo de alimento, fueron tomados semanalmente para calcular la tasa de conversión alimenticia, teniendo en cuenta la mortalidad. Sobre el día 42, una hembra de cada repetición fue pesada y sacrificada con el fin de obtener los datos de características de la canal. Los resultados sugieren que no se presentó diferencia significativa en las variables respuesta animal ni calidad de la canal. En las variables de la canal y algunos órganos de las aves la única que resultó afectada por la fuente fue la deposición de grasa abdominal. El aceite de sacha inchi generó canales con menor porcentaje de grasa abdominal con relación al peso al sacrificio, sin que se haya observado diferencia entre los aceites de palma y de pollo.

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of three oil sources with the inclusion of three levels on some performance variables, carcass quality, and broiler organs. The sources used were palm oil (Elaeis guineensis), chicken oil, and Sacha inchi oil (Plukentia volubilis). A total of 324 female Ross 308 line were assigned in a completely random design to nine treatments with six repetitions of six birds per repetition, which were fed with a diet based on corn and soybean meal containing 3, 6, and 9% inclusion of each one of the oil sources for the periods between 8 to 21 days of age and 22 to 42 days of age. Live weight and feed consumption data were recorded weekly to calculate the feed conversion ratio, considering mortality. On day 42, one female broiler from each repetition was randomly selected, weighed, and sacrificed, to obtain upgraded data characteristics from the carcass. The results suggest that there was no significant difference in animal response variables or channel quality. Regarding the carcass variables and some poultry organs, the only one affected by the source was the deposition of abdominal fat. Sacha inchi oil produced carcasses with a lower average of abdominal fat in relation to weight and slaughter, with no differences between palm and chicken oils.

Resumen: Se evaluó el efecto de la alimentación de terneros de destete precoz con granos secos de destilería de sorgo más solubles (SDDGS) utilizados como fuente de energía y proteína en una dieta a base de sorgo grano. Veinticuatro terneros castrados (84,6 ± 11,0 kg) fueron asignados al azar a cuatro raciones que diferían en la concentración de SDDGS (0, 130, 260 o 390 g/kg, base seca), donde el SDDGS reemplazó una mezcla de sorgo grano (420 g/kg) y harina de soja (580 g/kg) para similar aporte de proteína cruda (185 g/kg) y energía metabolizable (12,1 MJ/kg) entre las raciones. Los animales se alimentaron individualmente ad libitum en tres comidas diarias, durante 70 días. Mayor SDDGS en la dieta aumentó linealmente el consumo de materia seca (MS), fibra y grasa (P < 0,01), sin afectar el consumo de nitrógeno o la digestibilidad de MS (P > 0,10). No se observó efecto (P > 0,10) en la ganancia de peso (1,13 kg/d, EE 0,05) o peso final (160,0 kg, EE 8,8), pero sí se redujo linealmente la eficiencia de ganancia (EG= −0,0012 × + 0,2679; P < 0,01). No se detectaron diferencias en la actividad de consumo, descanso o rumia (P > 0,10). La energía neta (EN) observada en la dieta de control estuvo por debajo del valor esperado basado en los estándares de alimentación; a medida que el SDDGS reemplazó una mayor proporción de sorgo y harina de soja en la dieta de control, la EN de la dieta disminuyó linealmente (P<0.01). La tasa de reemplazo más alta redujo 15% y 20% la EN para el mantenimiento y la ganancia de peso, respectivamente.

Resumo: Avaliou-se o efeito da alimentação de bezerros de desmame precoce com grãos secos de destilaria de sorgo mais solúveis (SDDGS) usados como fonte de energia e proteína numa dieta à base de sorgo grão. Vinte e quatro bezerros castrados (84,6 ± 11,0 kg) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente para quatro rações que diferiam na concentração de SDDGS (0, 130, 260 ou 390 g/kg, base seca), onde SDDGS substituiu uma mistura de sorgo em grão (420 g/kg) e farelo de soja (580 g/kg) procurando similar contribuição de proteína bruta (185 g/kg) e energia metabolizável (12,1 MJ/kg) nas rações. Os animais foram alimentados individualmente ad libitum em três refeições diárias, durante 70 dias. Maior SDDGS na dieta aumentou linearmente o consumo de matéria seca (MS), fibra e gordura (P <0,01), sem afetar o consumo de nitrogênio ou a digestibilidade da MS (P> 0,10). Nenhum efeito (P> 0,10) foi observado no ganho de peso (1,13 kg / d, EP 0,05) ou no peso final (160,0 kg, EP 8,8), mas diminuiu linearmente a eficiência de ganho (EG = −0,0012 × + 0,2679; P <0,01). Não foram detectadas diferenças na atividade de consumo, repouso ou ruminação (P> 0,10). A energia líquida (EN) observada na dieta controle estava abaixo do valor esperado com base nos padrões de alimentação; quando o SDDGS substituiu uma maior proporção de sorgo e farelo de soja na dieta controle, a EN da dieta diminuiu linearmente (P <0,01). A maior taxa de substituição reduziu a EN para manutenção e ganho de peso em 15% e 20%, respectivamente.

Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of feeding sorghum dry distillers grains plus solubles (SDDGS) to early-weaned beef calves as an energy/protein source in a sorghum-grain-based diet. Twenty-four castrated Hereford calves (84.6 ± 11.0 kg) were assigned randomly to four rations differing in SDDGS concentrations (0, 130, 260, or 390 g/kg, dry matter (DM) basis), where the SDDGS replaced a mixture of sorghum ground grain (420 g/kg) and soybean meal (580 g/kg) at a balance that ensured a similar supply of crude protein (185 g/kg) and metabolizable energy (12.1 MJ/kg) in the ration. The feeding period lasted for 70 days, with animals individually fed ad libitum in three daily meals. Increasing SDDGS in the diet linearly increased DM intake, fiber and fat intake (P<0.01), without affecting nitrogen intake or DM digestibility (P>0.10). Higher SDDGS did not affect (P>0.10) calves’ BW gain (1.13 kg/d, SE 0.05) or final BW (160.0 kg, SE 8.8), but it did result in a linear drop in gain-to-feed ratio (GF= −0.0012 × + 0.2679; P<0.01). No differences were detected in animal behavior (eating, resting, or ruminating activity) due to treatments (P>0.10). The observed net energy (NE) in the control diet was below the expected value based on feeding standards; as SDDGS replaced a higher proportion of sorghum grain and soybean meal in the control diet, the observed diet NE concentration declined linearly (P<0.01). The highest replacement rate represented a reduction of 15% and 20% in diet NE for maintenance and BW gain, respectively.

The effect of increasing the non-protein nitrogen content of low-fibre finishing diets on the meat quality of South African Mutton Merino wether lambs was investigated. Four similar dietary treatments were formulated with different non-protein nitrogen contents (16.6 g/kg, 28.3 g/kg, 40 g/kg, and 51.7 g/kg) on a dry matter basis. The study was conducted over 71 days. Muscle lipid content was higher on the 40 g/kg compared to 16.6 g/kg and 28.3 g/kg non-protein nitrogen diets. Myristic acid and total saturated fatty acid content of lamb muscle tissue was higher, whereas the total unsaturated fatty acid content of the same tissue was lower following a high dietary non-protein nitrogen content. A high non-protein nitrogen diet (51.7 g/kg) reduced conjugated linoleic acid content of adipose tissue, compared to 28.3 and 40 g/kg non-protein nitrogen treatments. Malonaldehyde content of fresh lamb meat was higher on the 28.3 g/kg compared to the 16.6 g/kg non-protein nitrogen diet. The malonaldehyde content of the treatment containing 40 g/kg non-protein nitrogen was higher than the 51.7 g/kg when stored for 90 days. Therefore, the non-protein nitrogen content of low-fibre lamb finishing diets does not affect mutton fatty acid composition and quality parameters. Protein quality and its effect on ruminant meat quality requires more attention.

The proximate chemical composition, mineral, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of Nigella seed meal (NSM) was determined. In addition, apparent (AAAU) and true (TAAU) amino acid utilization, and apparent (AMET) and true (TMET) metabolisability were determined using a force-feeding bioassay with two groups of eight cockerels each at 20 weeks old. Furthermore, a protein efficiency bioassay was conducted with 160 Ross-308 unsexed broilers aged between 22 and 42 days. These broilers were randomly assigned to two treatments, each with eight replicates of 10 broilers. The broilers were fed two diets in which soybean meal 44% CP (SBM) and NSM were the main protein sources. NSM contains approximately 35% crude protein, 10% ether extract, and significant amounts of minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids. AAAU and TAAU were 82.33% and 89.17%, whereas AMET and TMET were 2998 and 3780 kcal/kg, respectively. The protein efficiency bioassay clarified the possibility of using NSM instead of SBM in broilers diets aged 22-42 days of age. NSM is a rich source of nutrients that can be tested in further studies to estimate its capability as a source of protein in broilers diets during the whole period of growth (1-42 d of age). Moreover, testing higher levels of NSM in broilers diets is of the utmost importance in future studies.

The effect of increasing non-protein nitrogen content on nutrient digestibility, performance, and carcass characteristics of South African Mutton Merino wether lambs on low-fibre finishing diets containing similar degradable protein was investigated. The production and digestibility studies consisted of 60 and 32 lambs, respectively. Four similar dietary treatments were formulated with different non-protein nitrogen contents (16.6 g/kg, 28.3 g/kg, 40 g/kg and 51.7 g/kg) on a dry matter basis. The production study was conducted over 71 d, and the digestibility study over 7 d. Crude protein digestibility increased with non-protein nitrogen content. Organic matter (40 g/kg and 51.7 g/kg), metabolizable energy content (51.7 g/kg), as well as the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (40 g/kg) and acid detergent fibre (28.3 g/kg and 51.7 g/kg) also increased with a higher non-protein nitrogen content. A lower non-protein nitrogen content within the 16.6 g/kg and 28.3 g/kg treatments resulted in a higher average daily gain compared to the 51.7 g/kg treatment. Additionally, more effective energy was used for growth compared to treatments with 40 g/kg and 51.7 g/kg non-protein nitrogen. Dietary treatment left most of the carcass characteristics unaffected. In conclusion, a low non-protein nitrogen content of low-fibre lamb finishing diets with similar degradable protein content affected animal performance favourably, despite having an opposite effect on nutrient digestibility.

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to assess the impact of an enzyme complex (EC) on the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (MCDM), crude protein (MCCP), and ether extract (MCEE) and on the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, dried bovine plasma, and poultry offal meal. Additionally, the experiments aimed to evaluate how EC affected broiler performance. In experiment I, 720 day-old Cobb 500® broilers were assigned to a completely randomized design using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. The main factors considered were the feedstuff (corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, dried bovine plasma, and poultry offal meal) and the presence or absence of EC. The broilers were housed in 45 pens, using five replicates, with ten birds in the pre-starter phase and six birds in the starter phase. This design resulted in eight treatment groups, including one reference diet group. In experiment II, 1140 day-old Cobb 500® chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design, employing a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with the same main factors as in experiment I. Birds were housed in 48 pens, using six replicates/30 birds, yielding eight treatments. The use of the EC did not lead to improvements in digestibility of the feedstuffs. However, the addition of EC resulted in enhanced body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratios across all phases of broiler growth. Enzyme complex inclusion did not affect feed intake. While the EC did not enhance the metabolizability of nutrients in feedstuffs individually, broilers fed diets containing these feedstuffs and supplemented with EC exhibited improved performance at 42 days of age. This suggests that the impact of the EC varies depending on whether it is observed at the feedstuff or diet level. (EC MCDM, MCDM , (MCDM) MCCP, MCCP (MCCP) MCEE (MCEE nitrogencorrected nitrogen corrected AMEn (AMEn meal concentrate plasma Additionally I 72 dayold day old 500 arrangement pens replicates prestarter pre groups group II 114 replicates30 30 replicates/3 treatments However growth intake individually age level (MCDM (MCCP 7 50 11 replicates3 3 replicates/ 5 1

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of soybean meal in pirarucu’s diet. 200 pirarucu juveniles (152.15 ± 0.8 g) were distributed in 20 polyethylene tanks with a continuous water flow system. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with five treatments (n = 4) containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of soybean meal inclusion levels. Growth performance was measured as specific growth rate, feed conversion, weight gain and survival. Body composition, protein retention rate and histopathological changes in the intestine were analyzed. The different treatments did not affect weight gain, specific growth rate and survival. The body composition of the fish was affected by treatments for ash and ether extract and the IHS was also affected. The diet with 40% soybean meal compromised feed conversion rate. Additionally, the distal intestine of fish fed with the same diet showed a reduction in the height of mucosal folds and a loss of supranuclear vacuolation in enterocytes. Based on these results, the inclusion of up to 30% of soybean meal in the diet of juvenile pirarucu is possible without negative effects on performance and enteric morphology. ABSTRACT pirarucus s 152.15 15215 152 15 (152.1 08 0 8 0. g 2 system used n 4 10 3 40 survival analyzed Additionally enterocytes results morphology 152.1 1521 1 (152. 152. (152 (15 (1 (

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a substituição de virginiamicina por produtos à base de levedura em dietas de alto grão contendo monensina, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e parâmetros ruminais. Cinco novilhos cruzados Nelore x Holandês (peso inicial 281 kg ± 9,2 kg) distribuídos em um delineamento Quadrado Latino 5 x 5. As dietas foram compostas por silagem de milho (355 g kg-1) e concentrado composto por: milho moído, farelo de soja, casca de soja, mistura mineral, calcário, sal e ureia (645 g kg-1). Os tratamentos foram: 1. Controle, 18 mg kg-1 MS de virginiamicina (VM); 2. Cultura de levedura enriquecida (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 7g animal dia-1 (CLE 7); 3. Cultura de levedura enriquecida (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 14g animal dia-1 (CLE 14); 4. Levedura autolisada (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 7g animal dia-1 (LA 7) e Levedura autolisada (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 14g animal dia-1 (LA 14). A monensina (18 mg kg-1 MS) estava presente na mistura mineral vitamínica fornecida em todos tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para o consumo de matéria seca (média 8,36 kg MS); digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (média 58,39%) e média de pH ruminal (média 6,75). Além disso, não foram encontrados efeitos significativos de tratamentos para concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e nitrogênio amoniacal. Estes resultados indicam a possibilidade de substituir a virginiamicina por produtos à base de levedura nos menores níveis (7g animal dia-1 de cultura de levedura enriquecida ou 7g animal dia-1 de levedura autolisada) em dietas de alto grão com monensina. ruminais peso 28 92 9 2 9, 355 (35 kg1 1 moído soja calcário 645 (64 kg1. . Controle kg- VM (VM) Saccharomyces cerevisiae dia1 dia dia- CLE 7 3 14 14) 4 LA 14. (1 P>0,05 P005 P 0 05 (P>0,05 836 8 36 8,3 58,39% 5839 58 39 6,75. 675 6,75 6 75 6,75) disso amoniacal 35 (3 64 (6 (VM ( P>0,0 P00 (P>0,0 83 8, 58,39 583 67 6,7 P>0, P0 (P>0, 58,3 6, P>0 (P>0 58, P> (P> (P

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting virginiamycin with yeastbased products in high-energy diets containing monensin on the nutrient digestibility and ruminal parameters of cattle. Five crossbred Nellore × Holstein steers (initial body weight 281 kg ± 9.2 kg) were allotted to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The diets were composed in dry matter basis of corn silage (355 g kg-1), and concentrate composed of ground corn, soybean meal, soybean hulls,mineral mix, limestone, salt and urea (645 g kg-1). The treatments were: 1 - control, 18 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM) virginiamycin (VM); 2 - enriched yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at 7 g animal day-1 (EYC 7); 3 - enriched yeast culture (S. cerevisiae) at 14 g animal day-1 (EYC 14); 4 - autolyzed yeast (S. cerevisiae) at 7 g animal day-1 (AY 7); and 5 - autolyzed yeast (S. cerevisiae) at 14 g animal day-1 (AY 14). Monensin (18 mg kg-1 DM) was added to the mineral mix in all treatments. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found for DM intake (mean 8.36 kg DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility (average of 58.39%), or mean ruminal pH (mean 6.75) among treatments. Moreover, the treatment did not have a significant effect on the short-chain fatty acid or ammonia nitrogen concentrations. These results indicated the possibility of replacing virginiamycin with yeast-based products at the lowest level (7 g of enriched yeast culture or autolyzed yeast per animal day-1) in high-energy diets containing monensin. highenergy high energy cattle initial 28 92 9 9. design 355 (35 kg1, kg1 , kg-1) meal hullsmineral hulls limestone 645 (64 kg1. . control kg- (DM VM (VM) Saccharomyces cerevisiae day1 day day- EYC 7) S. S (S 14) AY 14. (1 P 0.05 005 0 05 836 8 36 8.3 DM, OM (OM average 58.39%, 5839 58.39% 58 39 58.39%) 6.75 675 6 75 Moreover shortchain short chain concentrations based ( 35 (3 64 (6 (VM 0.0 00 83 8. 583 58.39 6.7 67 0. 58.3 6. 58.

ABSTRACT The use of enzymes is a concrete fact in broiler feeding. The global economic situation has been undergoing major changes, especially in the cost of agricultural commodities such as corn and soybean meal, the main ingredients in broiler diets in many parts of the world. This study aimed to assess the effect of increasing doses of phytase by assigning an optimized non-linear increasing nutritional matrix to the diet of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age, using economic production indicators as response variables. 900 one-day-old chicks were distributed in a randomized block design with six treatments and ten replications. Different nutritional matrices were studied: a positive control diet without phytase; diets with increasing levels of this enzyme (350, 500, 1,000, 1,500 FTU); and a negative control diet (-100 kcal/kg EMA) without phytase supplementation. Performance from 1 to 42 days of age and economic viability were assessed. It was observed that the negative control and the overdose (1,500 FTU) of phytase showed worse feed conversion than the positive control diet. In the economic analysis, there was a reduction in feed costs with increasing doses of the enzyme, as well as lower production costs per carcass kilo. The data found in this study shows that performance indicators do not always reflect economic efficiency responses. Specifically, the production cost was lower in broiler diets (1 to 42 d) formulated with increasing doses of phytase (up to 1,500 FTU kg-1). feeding changes meal world nonlinear non linear 4 variables 90 onedayold one day old replications studied 350, 350 (350 500 1000 000 1,000 1500 1,50 100 (-10 kcalkg kcal kg EMA supplementation assessed (1,50 analysis kilo responses Specifically ( d up kg1. kg1 . kg-1) 9 35 (35 50 00 1,00 150 1,5 10 (-1 (1,5 kg-1 3 (3 5 0 1,0 15 1, (- (1, kg-

RESUMO A torta de girassol é um alimento alternativo com potencial nutricional para ser usado na alimentação de aves. Contudo, o elevado teor de fibras e a presença de fatores antinutricionais pode comprometer a disponibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta e influenciar o desenvolvimento ósseo de frangas, o que pode ser mitigado com a inclusão dietética e enzimas exógenas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação multienzimática em rações contendo torta de girassol para frangas sobre a digestibilidade dos minerais da ração e a qualidade e composição mineral óssea. Um total de 1020 frangas com 7 semanas de idade da linhagem comercial Hy-Line, 540 frangas leves e 480 frangas semipesadas, foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2×2+1, sendo dois níveis de torta de girassol (10 e 20% - para frangas brancas e 12 e 24% para frangas vermelhas), duas formas de suplementação enzimática (com e sem complexo enzimático) e um tratamento controle à base de milho e farelo de soja, totalizando cinco tratamentos com seis repetições de 18 frangas brancas e 16 frangas vermelhas. Entre a 14ª e 15ª semana, foi realizado ensaio de metabolismo para determinar o coeficiente de digestibilidade dos minerais das rações. Para avaliação da qualidade óssea da tíbia foi selecionada e abatida uma ave por parcela na 12ª e na 17ª semana de idade. Nos dois ensaios, não houve interação significativa entre os fatores testados para todas as variáveis estudadas. A inclusão da torta de girassol não influenciou significativamente na digestibilidade dos minerais e os parâmetros de crescimento e qualidade óssea das frangas. Por sua vez, a presença do complexo multienzimático proporcionou melhora significativa na digestibilidade dos minerais, sem influenciar os parâmetros ósseos. Conclui-se que a suplementação multienzimática nas rações aumenta a digestibilidade dos minerais da ração, contribuindo para a manutenção da qualidade óssea de frangas leves e semipesadas alimentadas com até 20% e 24% de torta de girassol, respectivamente. aves Contudo exógenas contexto 102 HyLine, HyLine Hy Line, Line Hy-Line 54 48 221 2 1 2×2+1 10 (1 20 24 vermelhas, vermelhas , vermelhas) enzimático soja ª ensaios estudadas vez ósseos Concluise Conclui se respectivamente 5 4 22 2×2+ ( 2×2 2×

ABSTRACT Sunflower cake is an alternative feed with nutritional potential to be used in poultry feeding. However, the high fiber content and the presence of antinutritional factors can compromise the availability of nutrients in the diet and influence the bone development of pullets, which can be mitigated with the dietary inclusion of exogenous enzymes. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of multi-enzyme supplementation in rations containing sunflower cake to pullets on mineral digestibility and quality and bone mineral composition. A total of 1020 pullets 7-weeks-age from the commercial strain Hy-Line, 540 white pullets and 480 brown pullets, were distributed in a randomized experimental design in a 2×2+1 factorial arrangement, with two sunflower cake levels (10 and 20% for white pullets and 12 and 24 % for brown pullets); two ways of enzymatic supplementation (absence and presence of multi-enzyme complex), and one control diet based on corn and soybean meal, totaling five treatments with six replicates of 18 white pullets and 16 brown pullets. Between week 14 and week 15, a metabolic trial was performed to determine the digestibility coefficient of ration minerals. To assess bone quality of the tibia and femur, one pullet of the 12th and 17th week of age was selected and killed. There was no significant interaction between the tested factors (sunflower cake x multi-enzyme complexes) for any of the variables studied. The inclusion level of sunflower cake did not influence the growth and bone quality parameters of the pullets during the growing phase. However, a presence of the multi-enzyme complex provided significant improvements in Ca, P and Mg digestibility coefficient. It is concluded that the multi-enzyme supplementation in the diets increases the digestibility of the mineral in the rations, contributing to the maintenance of bone quality of pullets fed with up to 24% sunflower cake. feeding However enzymes context multienzyme multi enzyme composition 102 7weeksage weeksage 7 weeks HyLine, HyLine Hy Line, Line Hy-Line 54 48 221 2 1 2×2+ arrangement 10 (1 20 pullets) absence complex, , complex) meal 15 minerals femur th killed complexes studied phase Ca 5 4 22 2×2 ( 2×

ABSTRACT The main protein sources used in broiler chicken diets, such as soybean meal and fishmeal, are costly, and one potential alternative is black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM).This study aimed to determine the incorporation rate of full-fat BSFLM in broiler chicken diets for optimum zoo-economic performance. The experiment involved 250 day-old unsexed broiler chickens randomly allocated into 25 batches. Five different levels of full-fat BSFLM incorporation (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16%) were tested during a 49-day experiment. Zootechnical data, economics indexes, and carcass quality were determined. Results indicated a significant decrease in feed intake with the increase of full-fat BSFLM. At the end of the experiment, the broiler chickens fed BSFLM4 demonstrated the highest live weight and the best FCR, with no statistical difference. In terms of economic parameters, the control diet showed the highest feed cost and the lowest economic feed efficiency, without a significant difference. Full-fat BSFLM incorporation did not significantly affect carcass yield. However, chickens receiving BSFLM 16% indicated having a lower zootechnical performance. A full-fat BSFLM incorporation rate of 12% into broiler chicken feed could improve zoo-economic performance in the current study. Moreover, BSFLM could serve as a cost-effective protein source. fishmeal costly BSFLM.This BSFLMThis .This This fullfat full fat zooeconomic zoo dayold day old 2 batches 0%, 0 (0% 4 4% 8 8% 12 16 49day 49 data indexes determined FCR difference parameters efficiency Fullfat Full yield However Moreover costeffective effective source 0% (0 1 (

Resumo O estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes doses de fitase e duas dietas (milho e farelo de soja, e farinha de carne e ossos) no desempenho de frangos de corte e na digestibilidade de nutrientes das rações. Foram utilizados 1320 frangos de corte Cobb 500 para o experimento de desempenho, 216 frangos de corte Cobb 500 para o ensaio de metabolismo, e 252 pintos de corte para a determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparentes e estandardizados dos aminoácidos das dietas. As aves foram pesadas individualmente e distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, totalizando seis tratamentos divididos em esquema fatorial 2x3 (duas dietas e três níveis de fitase compondo os tratamentos): dietas vegetais com 500, 1000 e 1500 FTU de fitase (T1, T2, T3); e dietas com farinha de carne e ossos com 500, 1000 e 1500 FTU de fitase (T4, T5, T6). O ganho de peso médio final e ganho de peso dos animais que consumiram dietas com farinha de carne e ossos e fitase a 500 FTU/kg foi similar com os que consumiram 1000 FTU/kg de fitase. E a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos para os animais que consumiram dietas com milho e farelo de soja e fitase com 500 FTU/kg foi similar com os que consumiram 1000 FTU/kg, e estatisticamente o nível de 1500 FTU/kg foi igual ao nível de 500 FTU/ kg. Altas doses de fitase não promoveram melhora no desempenho e digestibilidade dos nutrientes, bem como nos valores de EMAn, com isso, recomenda-se a suplementação de fitase a 500 FTU/kg. rações 132 50 21 metabolismo 25 casualizado x 2x tratamentos) 100 150 T1, T1 T (T1 T2 T3 T3) T4, T4 (T4 T5 T6. T6 . T6) FTUkg kg EMAn isso recomendase recomenda se 13 5 2 10 15 (T 1

Abstract The study evaluated the effect of different doses of phytase and two diets (corn and soybean meal, and meat and bone meal) on the performance of broiler chickens and the digestibility of nutrients in feed. A total of 1320 Cobb 500 broilers were used for the performance experiment, 216 Cobb 500 broilers for the metabolism test, and 252 broiler chicks to determine the apparent and standardized digestibility coefficients of amino acids in the diets. The birds were individually weighed and distributed in a completely randomized design, comprising six treatments divided into a 2×3 factorial scheme (two diets and three levels of phytase composing the treatments): vegetable diets with 500, 1000, and 1500 FTU of phytase (T1, T2, T3); and meat and bone meal diets with 500, 1000, and 1500 FTU of phytase (T4, T5, T6). The average final weight gain and weight gain of animals that consumed diets with meat and bone meal and phytase at 500 FTU/kg were similar to those that consumed 1000 FTU/kg of phytase. The digestibility of amino acids for animals that consumed diets with corn and soybean meal and phytase at 500 FTU/kg was similar to those that consumed 1000 FTU/kg; statistically, the level of 1500 FTU/kg was equal to that of 500 FTU/kg. High doses of phytase did not promote improvements in performance and nutrient digestibility, as well as EMAn values; therefore, phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg is recommended. feed 132 50 experiment 21 test 25 design 23 2 3 2× treatments) 150 T1, T1 T (T1 T2 T3 T3) T4, T4 (T4 T5 T6. T6 . T6) FTUkg kg 100 statistically values therefore recommended 13 5 15 (T 10 1