ABSTRACT An eight-week feeding trial investigated the effects of fishmeal (FM) replacement by soybean meal (SBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) in diets supplemented with two methionine sources (DL-Met and AQUAVI®) and their combinations with ECOBIOL® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940) on growth performance, body composition, and nutrient metabolism of Penaeus vannamei. Four hundred shrimp (0.30 ± 0.04 g) randomly distributed into 20 tanks (20 shrimp tank-1) were fed with five experimental diets (four repetitions per diet). A control diet (CD; 20% FM) and four diets with 50% FM replacement supplemented with different methionine sources and ECOBIOL® combinations: D1 (0.13% DL-MET), D2 (0.06% AQUAVI®), D3 (0.13% DL-MET plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®), and D4 (0.06% AQUAVI® plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®). Shrimp fed D2 and D4 had better growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition. Shrimp fed D3 also had good growth performance but higher lipid body composition. Shrimp fed D1 had the worst growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition values. Nutrient metabolism-related genes were affected by dietary treatments. Protein synthesis-related genes decreased mostly in shrimp fed D1 and D2 while increased mostly in shrimp fed D3 and D4, lipolysis-related genes had a better transcriptional response in shrimp fed D4 and lipogenesis-related genes were mostly downregulated in shrimp fed D2 while were mostly upregulated in shrimp fed D3 and D4. Results suggested that FM could be partially replaced with SBM and PBM in shrimp feeds supplemented with 0.06% AQUAVI® alone or combined with 0.10% ECOBIOL® without adversely affecting the growth and nutrient metabolism of P. vannamei.

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effect of increasing levels of wet brewery residue (WBR) as a source of roughage on nutrient intake, performance and ingestive behaviour in lambs finished in confinement. Thirty-two uncastrated male lambs were used, weaned at 50 days of age. The treatments comprised increasing levels of WBR as roughage in the diet: 31, 44, 57 and 70%, on a dry-matter. The concentrate consisted of disintegrated corn, soybean meal, calcitic limestone and mineral salt. There was a quadratic effect (P ≤ 0.05) from the increasing levels of WBR on the intake of DM, OM, CP and TCH. The intake of EE, NDF and ADF increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), while TDN intake showed a linear reduction (P < .0001) for increases in the level of WBR. There was a quadratic effect (P ≤ 0.010) on the average daily weight gain (ADG) from the addition of WBR to the diet. The time spent on feeding and rumination (P ≤ 0.05), expressed in minutes, showed a linear increase. Feeding rate for DM showed decreasing linear behaviour (P ≤ 0.006), while NDF rumination rate showed increasing linear behaviour (P ≤ 0.013) due to the increased levels of WBR in the diet. There was a linear increase in the time spent on each feeding activity (P ≤ 0.007) with the increase in WBR in the diet. Maximum weight gain is achieved when 46.9% WBR is used as a source of roughage in the diet, and this level can be recommended for terminating lambs in confinement. ABSTRACT (WBR confinement Thirtytwo Thirty two 5 age diet 31 44 70 70% drymatter. drymatter dry matter. matter dry-matter corn meal salt P 0.05 005 0 05 OM TCH EE 0.01, 001 0.01 , 01 0.01) .0001 0001 0.010 0010 010 ADG (ADG 0.05, minutes 0.006, 0006 0.006 006 0.006) 0.013 0013 013 0.007 0007 007 469 46 9 46.9 3 4 7 0.0 00 .000 000 0.00 46. 0. .00 .0 .

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC) como fonte de volume sobre o consumo de nutrientes, desempenho e comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros machos não castrados, desmamados aos 50 dias de idade. Os tratamentos consistiram em níveis crescentes de RUC como volumoso na dieta: 31, 44, 57 e 70%, na matéria seca. O concentrado consistia em milho desintegrado, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico e sal mineral. Houve efeito quadrático (P ≤ 0,05) dos níveis crescentes de RUC sobre o consumo de MS, MO, PB e CHT. O consumo de EE, FDN e FDA aumentou linearmente (P < .0001), enquanto o consumo de NDT apresentou redução linear (P < .0001) para aumentos no nível de WBR. Houve um efeito quadrático (P ≤ 0,010) no ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) da adição de RUC à dieta. O tempo gasto com alimentação e ruminação (P ≤ 0,05) e para mastigação total (P ≤ 0,003), expresso em minutos, apresentou aumento linear. A taxa de alimentação para MS apresentou comportamento linear decrescente (P ≤ 0,006), enquanto a taxa de ruminação da FDN apresentou comportamento linear crescente (P ≤ 0,013) devido ao aumento dos níveis de RUC na dieta. Houve aumento linear no tempo gasto em cada atividade alimentar (P ≤ 0,007) com o aumento da RUC na dieta. O ganho de peso máximo é alcançado quando 46,9% de RUC é usado como fonte de volumoso na dieta, e este nível pode ser recomendado para cordeiros terminados em confinamento. RESUMO (RUC nutrientes confinamento 3 castrados 5 idade dieta 31 44 70 70% seca desintegrado soja mineral P 0,05 005 0 05 MO CHT EE .0001, 0001 .0001 , WBR 0,010 0010 010 GMD (GMD 0,003, 0003 0,003 003 0,003) minutos 0,006, 0006 0,006 006 0,006) 0,013 0013 013 0,007 0007 007 469 46 9 46,9 4 7 0,0 00 000 .000 0,01 001 01 0,00 46, 0, .00 .0 .

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to correlate the physical characteristics of ground corn, at different crushing intensities, with the zootechnical performance of piglets in the nursery phase. Forty piglets (20 castrated males and 20 females) with an initial average weight of 15.7±1.98 kg and final weight of 32.5±3.27 kg were used. They were subjected to the same type of experimental diet (4% of commercial premix for the phase, 29% of soybean meal, and 67% of ground corn), with the only difference being the corn grinding process. The corn used was fractionated into five portions, and each one of them was crushed in a hammermill equipped with a different screen hole diameter (2; 2.5; 3; 3.5 and 4 mm). Which resulted in ground corn with the following particle sizes (PS): 518, 580, 628, 706 and 740 μm, and the following corn geometric standard deviations (GSD): 1.72, 1.71, 1.75, 1.80 and 1.90, respectively. The piglets were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications, with the experimental units being formed by pens with two piglets each. There was no effect (p > 0.10) from grinding intensities on daily feed intake (DFI) and daily weight gain (DWG). Conversely, there was an effect (p < 0.10) from different grinding intensities on feed conversion (FC). The PS and GSD of both the corn and diet, as well as the corn fractions retained on the 4-, 2- and 1.2-mm test sieves showed positive correlations with FC (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the corn fractions retained on the 0.6-, 0.3- and 0.15-mm teste sieves showed negative correlations with FC (p < 0.05). The linear model was the one that fitted the estimated data into the data observed for FC. A corn PS reduction from 740 to 580 μm promoted a linear improvement in FC. The use of corn fractions, retained on the 1-, 2- and 0.3-mm test sieves, and the use of corn GSD and diet GSD as independent variables showed a higher R² than that obtained with the use of corn PS as an independent variable in linear equations for estimating FC. ABSTRACT phase (2 2 females 157198 15 7 1 98 15.7±1.9 325327 32 5 3 27 32.5±3.2 4% (4 29 meal 67 , corn) process portions 2.5 25 35 3. mm. mm . mm) (PS) 518 628 70 74 (GSD) 172 72 1.72 171 71 1.71 175 75 1.75 180 80 1.8 190 90 1.90 respectively replications p 0.10 010 0 10 DFI (DFI DWG. DWG (DWG) Conversely (FC) 4, 4- 1.2mm 12mm 1.2 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) hand 0.6, 06 0.6 6 0.6- 0.3 03 0.15mm 015mm 0.15 58 1, 1- 0.3mm 03mm R ( 15719 9 15.7±1. 32532 32.5±3. 2. (PS 51 62 (GSD 17 1.7 18 8 1. 19 1.9 0.1 01 (DWG (FC 2mm 12 00 0.0 0. 15mm 015 3mm 1571 15.7±1 3253 32.5±3 157 15.7± 325 32.5± 15.7 32.5 15. 32.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding symbiotics to the diet of laying hens in the post-peak laying period on performance variables, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility. One hundred and ninety-eight 70-week-old Dekalb White laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, each with 6 replications of 5 and 6 birds. The treatments were: corn and soybean meal (CSM); CSM + meat and bone meal (MBM); MBM + 0.05% zinc bacitracin additive (ZnBac); MBM + 0.1% Symbiotics in three phases: layer-type chick, pullet, and laying hen (Symb-S; Symb-G and Symb-L). Data were compared by Orthogonal Contrast. The CSM treatment showed better shell thickness when compared to MBM, and a better percentage of albumen. RF and BacZn showed better yolk coloration. ZnBac showed better yolk weight when compared to Symb-S. CSM and ZnBac increased red and yellow yolk colors and Symb-G had an effect for luminosity. The gross energy apparent metabolizability coefficient (GEAMC) was better for CSM and Simb-G. The crude protein apparent metabolizability coefficient (CPAMC) was better with MBM. The dry matter apparent metabolizability coefficient (DMAMC) was better for MBM, Symb-S, and Symb-L. Thus, it is possible to replace antibiotics with symbiotics for laying hens in the post-peak phase. postpeak post peak variables quality digestibility ninetyeight ninety eight 70weekold weekold 70 week old birds (CSM) (MBM) 005 0 05 0.05 (ZnBac) 01 1 0.1 phases layertype layer type chick pullet SymbS Symb S (Symb-S SymbG G SymbL. SymbL L . Symb-L) Contrast albumen coloration SymbS. S. Symb-S luminosity GEAMC (GEAMC SimbG. SimbG Simb G. Simb-G CPAMC (CPAMC DMAMC (DMAMC SymbS, S, L. Symb-L Thus phase 7 (CSM (MBM 00 0.0 (ZnBac 0.

ABSTRACT The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing a standard broiler diet, formulated based on corn and soybean meal (CSBM), with two levels of an exogenous enzyme (EZ) cocktail (0 and 0.05%), under two dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels – normal (positive control, PC) and low (negative control, NC). From 0 to 35 d, 288 Ross 308 chicks were distributed across four treatments with 12 replicates of six chicks each. Growth performance was evaluated during the starter, grower, finisher, and cumulative period. At 35 d, blood samples were collected to measure serum metabolite concentrations, and birds were processed to determine carcass traits. Ileum segments were prepared for histological measurements, and excreta were collected to analyze apparent nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed employing two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The results indicated no significant interaction between ME and EZ for any measured parameter. The EZ supplementation improved feed conversion rate (FCR) during the starter phase, and improved feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), FCR, and production efficiency index (PEI) during the grower phase; PEI during the finisher phase; and BWG, FCR, PEI, and final BW over the cumulative phase. Furthermore, EZ enhanced dressing percentage, breast yield, villi length, retention of crude protein, and nitrogen-corrected ME (AMEn), while also increasing glucose concentration and reducing the relative weight of the gizzard and intestine. Compared with the NC diet, the PC diet enhanced feed efficiency across the grower, finisher, and cumulative phases and increased AMEn and triglyceride levels. Supplementing ME-adequate CSBM diets with an EZ cocktail can boost the nutrient digestibility and growth efficiency of broilers. CSBM, , (CSBM) (EZ ( 0.05%, 005 0.05% 05 0.05%) (ME positive control negative NC. . NC) 3 d 28 30 1 each period concentrations traits measurements twoway way Tukeys Tukey s test parameter FCR (FCR phase intake BWG (BWG) (PEI Furthermore percentage yield length protein nitrogencorrected nitrogen corrected AMEn, (AMEn) intestine MEadequate adequate broilers (CSBM 00 0.05 2 (BWG (AMEn 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to assess the impact of an enzyme complex (EC) on the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (MCDM), crude protein (MCCP), and ether extract (MCEE) and on the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, dried bovine plasma, and poultry offal meal. Additionally, the experiments aimed to evaluate how EC affected broiler performance. In experiment I, 720 day-old Cobb 500® broilers were assigned to a completely randomized design using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. The main factors considered were the feedstuff (corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, dried bovine plasma, and poultry offal meal) and the presence or absence of EC. The broilers were housed in 45 pens, using five replicates, with ten birds in the pre-starter phase and six birds in the starter phase. This design resulted in eight treatment groups, including one reference diet group. In experiment II, 1140 day-old Cobb 500® chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design, employing a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with the same main factors as in experiment I. Birds were housed in 48 pens, using six replicates/30 birds, yielding eight treatments. The use of the EC did not lead to improvements in digestibility of the feedstuffs. However, the addition of EC resulted in enhanced body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratios across all phases of broiler growth. Enzyme complex inclusion did not affect feed intake. While the EC did not enhance the metabolizability of nutrients in feedstuffs individually, broilers fed diets containing these feedstuffs and supplemented with EC exhibited improved performance at 42 days of age. This suggests that the impact of the EC varies depending on whether it is observed at the feedstuff or diet level. (EC MCDM, MCDM , (MCDM) MCCP, MCCP (MCCP) MCEE (MCEE nitrogencorrected nitrogen corrected AMEn (AMEn meal concentrate plasma Additionally I 72 dayold day old 500 arrangement pens replicates prestarter pre groups group II 114 replicates30 30 replicates/3 treatments However growth intake individually age level (MCDM (MCCP 7 50 11 replicates3 3 replicates/ 5 1

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of soybean meal in pirarucu’s diet. 200 pirarucu juveniles (152.15 ± 0.8 g) were distributed in 20 polyethylene tanks with a continuous water flow system. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with five treatments (n = 4) containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of soybean meal inclusion levels. Growth performance was measured as specific growth rate, feed conversion, weight gain and survival. Body composition, protein retention rate and histopathological changes in the intestine were analyzed. The different treatments did not affect weight gain, specific growth rate and survival. The body composition of the fish was affected by treatments for ash and ether extract and the IHS was also affected. The diet with 40% soybean meal compromised feed conversion rate. Additionally, the distal intestine of fish fed with the same diet showed a reduction in the height of mucosal folds and a loss of supranuclear vacuolation in enterocytes. Based on these results, the inclusion of up to 30% of soybean meal in the diet of juvenile pirarucu is possible without negative effects on performance and enteric morphology. ABSTRACT pirarucus s 152.15 15215 152 15 (152.1 08 0 8 0. g 2 system used n 4 10 3 40 survival analyzed Additionally enterocytes results morphology 152.1 1521 1 (152. 152. (152 (15 (1 (

Abstract The present findings provide information regarding the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of Indian major carps viz Cattla cattla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala in an intensive polyculture system. Much work has been done in Pakistan with respect to fish LWRs, much of such work has been ignored. Carps were fed with twelve different formulated diets containing four different sources of protein i.e. fish meal (FM), all parts chicken meal (APCM), corn gluten (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM). Each type of protein is used at inclusion level of 25, 35 and 45% into the formulated diets to evaluate the minimum requirement of that ingredient for optimal growth of in-hand species. The values of slope “b” ranged from 2.20 to 4.90 for these species of carps which showed a strong healthy relationship among variables (level of protein and months). lengthweight length weight LWRs (LWRs cattla system ignored ie i e i.e FM, FM , (FM) APCM, APCM (APCM) CGM (CGM SBM. SBM . (SBM) 25 3 45 inhand hand b “b 220 2 20 2.2 490 4 90 4.9 months. months months) (FM (APCM (SBM 22 2. 49 9 4.

Resumo Os achados do presente trabalho fornecem informações sobre as relações comprimento-peso (LWRs) das principais carpas indianas, como Catla catla, Labeo rohita e Cirrhinus mrigala, em um sistema de policultura intensivo. Foram realizados muitos trabalhos no Paquistão em relação ao peixe LWRs, entretanto, foram ignorados. As carpas foram alimentadas com doze dietas formuladas diferentes contendo quatro fontes diferentes de proteína, ou seja, farinha de peixe (FM), todas as partes de farinha de frango (APCM), glúten de milho (CGM) e farelo de soja (SBM). Cada tipo de proteína foi utilizado em nível de inclusão de 25, 35 e 45% nas dietas formuladas para avaliar a exigência mínima desse ingrediente para o crescimento ideal das espécies em mãos. Os valores da inclinação “b” variaram de 2,20 a 4,90 para essas espécies de carpas que mostraram uma forte relação saudável entre as variáveis nível de proteína e mês. comprimentopeso comprimento peso LWRs (LWRs indianas catla mrigala intensivo entretanto ignorados seja FM, FM , (FM) APCM, APCM (APCM) CGM (CGM SBM. SBM . (SBM) 25 3 45 mãos b “b 220 2 20 2,2 490 4 90 4,9 mês (FM (APCM (SBM 22 2, 49 9 4,

Resumo O farelo de soja é uma proteína de origem vegetal de baixo custo que tem sido usada em dietas práticas como um substituto da proteína animal, como farinha de peixe ou farinha de frango, devido ao preço não econômico das dietas com proteína animal. Consequentemente, um estudo/pesquisa foi realizado com algumas espécies comerciais de carpas principais indianas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) e Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822), para estimar a necessidade ideal de proteína dietética de farelo de soja na dieta em uma policultura intensiva. Três dietas diferentes (SBM I, SBM II e SBM III) foram formuladas por 80%, 50% e 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe por farelo de soja de uma dieta de 45% de farinha de peixe (controle). O maior ganho de peso médio mensal foi obtido por SBM II (com 35% PB e cerca de 50% de substituição de farinha de peixe), enquanto SBM III (45% de proteína bruta e cerca de 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe) ficou em segundo lugar. Todas as dietas testadas respondem enormemente produzindo alto rendimento em comparação com a dieta controle, embora SBM II tenha gerado o maior rendimento entre todas. Com base na pesquisa a seguir, foi revelado que o SBM pode substituir até 50% da farinha de peixe sem qualquer aumento de outros aminoácidos na dieta das carpas principais indianas.

Abstract Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.

Resumo O uso de fontes nutricionais alternativas é um tópico importante para a produção animal, como a avicultura. Este estudo examinou o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja por farelo de folha de girassol na dieta de frangas marrons barbeadoras poedeiras. Um total de 30 aves poedeiras foram designadas a três tratamentos de 0% (como grupo controle), 10% e 15% de inclusão MSFLM. Quatro ovos por repetição foram retirados aleatoriamente por três dias consecutivos em intervalos de duas semanas por cinco vezes, e indivíduos de 18 semanas foram selecionados após 40 dias do tempo experimental. Parâmetros externos dos ovos (peso do ovo, comprimento do ovo, largura do ovo e índice de forma do ovo, espessura da casca) e parâmetros corporais (peso corporal final, ganho de peso), consumo de ração e produção diária da galinha foram medidos. Para comprimento do ovo, largura do ovo e espessura da casca apresentaram diferença significativa (p <0,05) nas aves controle. Peso corporal final, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e produção de dia de galinha mostraram resultados comparáveis com valores de ovos de aves em dieta controle. O estudo revelou a capacidade das aves de utilizar facilmente os nutrientes das fontes de proteína. A utilização de MSFLM até 15% na dieta das frangas não revelou nenhum efeito prejudicial no desempenho das aves poedeiras e nas qualidades externas dos ovos produzidos.

Abstract The use of alternative nutritional sources is an important topic for animal production such as poultry. This study examined the effect of replacing soybean meal with sunflower leaf meal in the diet of laying shaver brown pullets. A total of 30 laying birds were assigned to three treatments of 0% (as control group), 10% and 15% MSFLM inclusion. Four eggs per replicate were randomly taken for three consecutive days at two weeks interval for five times, and 18 weeks individuals were selected after 40 days of experimental time. External parameters of the eggs (egg weight, egg length, egg breadth and egg shape index, shell thickness), and body parameters (Final body weight, weight gain), feed intake and hen day production were measured. For egg length, egg breadth and shell thickness showed significant difference (p< 0.05) in from the control birds. Final body weight, weight gain, feed intake and hen day production showed comparable results with values from eggs of birds on control diet. The study revealed the ability of birds to easily utilize the nutrients in the protein sources. MSFLM utilization up to 15% in pullets’ diet revealed no detrimental effect on the performance of the laying birds and the external qualities of eggs produced.

Resumo Um estudo de alimentação de 95 dias foi realizado para avaliar o impacto da substituição completa de óleo de peixe por óleos vegetais no desempenho de crescimento, composição corporal e consumo de ração de juvenis de coelho, Siganus rivulatus. Houve quatro tratamentos, ou seja, A (dieta de óleo de peixe), (dieta de óleo de linhaça), C (dieta de óleo de farelo de soja) e D (dieta de óleo de girassol). O ensaio experimental foi conduzido em doze tanques de fibra de vidro de 1,5 m3 (n=3). Os juvenis de peixe-coelho-de-espinho apresentaram peso inicial médio de 0,948 g ± 0,124 g e foram estocados com 50 peixes por tanque. Os peixes alimentados com a dieta A apresentaram taxa de crescimento, peso corporal final e peso corporal total significativamente melhores do que os peixes alimentados com as outras dietas. Além disso, a melhor CAA foi observada para a dieta A seguida da dieta C e as dietas B e D tiveram a pior CA. A composição corporal dos peixes para proteína bruta, matéria seca, cinzas e energia bruta ao final do experimento não diferiu entre os tratamentos. O maior teor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFA) foi encontrado nos peixes alimentados com a dieta A seguido em ordem decrescente pelas dietas D, B e C. O óleo de peixe é uma melhor fonte de lipídios dietéticos para juvenis de peixe-coelho, Siganus rivulatus, do que os óleos vegetais. Entre os óleos vegetais, o óleo de soja foi melhor que o óleo de linhaça e o óleo de girassol como principal fonte de gordura da dieta.

Abstract A 95-day feeding study was carried out to evaluate the impact of complete replacement of fish oil by plant oils in the growth performance, feed consumption fatty acid and body composition of juvenile rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus. There were four treatments i.e., A (fish oil diet), (linseed oil diet), C (soybean meal oil diet) and D (sunflower oil diet). The experimental trial was conducted in twelve 1.5-m3 fiber glass tanks (n=3). Spinefoot rabbitfish juveniles had an average initial weight of 0.948 g ± 0.124 g and they were stocked at 50 fish per tank. Fish fed diet A showed significantly better growth rate, final body weight, and total body weight than fish fed on the other diets. Moreover, the best FCR was observed for diet A followed by diet C and diets B and D had the worst FCR. Fish body composition for crude protein, dry matter, ashes and gross energy at the end of the trial had not differed between the treatments. The highest polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found in fish fed diet A followed in decreasing order by diets D, B, and C. Fish oil is a better dietary lipid source for Spinefoot rabbitfish juveniles, Siganus rivulatus, than plant oils. Among plant oils, soybean oil was better than linseed oil and sunflower oil as the main dietary fat source.

ABSTRACT The use of enzymes is a concrete fact in broiler feeding. The global economic situation has been undergoing major changes, especially in the cost of agricultural commodities such as corn and soybean meal, the main ingredients in broiler diets in many parts of the world. This study aimed to assess the effect of increasing doses of phytase by assigning an optimized non-linear increasing nutritional matrix to the diet of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age, using economic production indicators as response variables. 900 one-day-old chicks were distributed in a randomized block design with six treatments and ten replications. Different nutritional matrices were studied: a positive control diet without phytase; diets with increasing levels of this enzyme (350, 500, 1,000, 1,500 FTU); and a negative control diet (-100 kcal/kg EMA) without phytase supplementation. Performance from 1 to 42 days of age and economic viability were assessed. It was observed that the negative control and the overdose (1,500 FTU) of phytase showed worse feed conversion than the positive control diet. In the economic analysis, there was a reduction in feed costs with increasing doses of the enzyme, as well as lower production costs per carcass kilo. The data found in this study shows that performance indicators do not always reflect economic efficiency responses. Specifically, the production cost was lower in broiler diets (1 to 42 d) formulated with increasing doses of phytase (up to 1,500 FTU kg-1). feeding changes meal world nonlinear non linear 4 variables 90 onedayold one day old replications studied 350, 350 (350 500 1000 000 1,000 1500 1,50 100 (-10 kcalkg kcal kg EMA supplementation assessed (1,50 analysis kilo responses Specifically ( d up kg1. kg1 . kg-1) 9 35 (35 50 00 1,00 150 1,5 10 (-1 (1,5 kg-1 3 (3 5 0 1,0 15 1, (- (1, kg-

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chia oil supplementation in quail diets on growth performance, blood antioxidant status, caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, and tibia-femur biomechanical properties. A total of 180, one-day-old quail chicks were randomly divided into three groups of 60 chicks each. Each group was randomly divided into six subgroups, each containing 10 chicks. All chicks were fed a diet based on corn and soybean meal. While the control group was fed with the basal ration, the experimental groups were fed with the basal ration and were given 0.2 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg chia oil in addition to the basal ration. The use of chia oil in quails did not affect growth performance parameters. Malondialdehyde and glutathione exhibited a linear response to the increase in dietary chia oil. The superoxide dismutase value exhibited a quadratic response to chia oil use; the glutathione peroxidase value showed a linear and quadratic response to the use of chia oil. Catalase, ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein, and globulin were not affected by the addition of chia oil. Acetic acid, propionic acid, and total SCFA were linearly affected by the graded level of chia oil. No statistical difference was found in the concentrations of butyric, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric, isocaproic, and caproic acids and BCFA in quails fed with different levels of chia oil. Feeding a diet containing chia oil did not affect the biomechanical properties of the tibia and femur in quail. It was therefore concluded that diets containing chia oil could be used to improve antioxidant status and caecal short-chain fatty acid values in quails.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a substituição de virginiamicina por produtos à base de levedura em dietas de alto grão contendo monensina, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e parâmetros ruminais. Cinco novilhos cruzados Nelore x Holandês (peso inicial 281 kg ± 9,2 kg) distribuídos em um delineamento Quadrado Latino 5 x 5. As dietas foram compostas por silagem de milho (355 g kg-1) e concentrado composto por: milho moído, farelo de soja, casca de soja, mistura mineral, calcário, sal e ureia (645 g kg-1). Os tratamentos foram: 1. Controle, 18 mg kg-1 MS de virginiamicina (VM); 2. Cultura de levedura enriquecida (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 7g animal dia-1 (CLE 7); 3. Cultura de levedura enriquecida (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 14g animal dia-1 (CLE 14); 4. Levedura autolisada (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 7g animal dia-1 (LA 7) e Levedura autolisada (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 14g animal dia-1 (LA 14). A monensina (18 mg kg-1 MS) estava presente na mistura mineral vitamínica fornecida em todos tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para o consumo de matéria seca (média 8,36 kg MS); digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (média 58,39%) e média de pH ruminal (média 6,75). Além disso, não foram encontrados efeitos significativos de tratamentos para concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e nitrogênio amoniacal. Estes resultados indicam a possibilidade de substituir a virginiamicina por produtos à base de levedura nos menores níveis (7g animal dia-1 de cultura de levedura enriquecida ou 7g animal dia-1 de levedura autolisada) em dietas de alto grão com monensina. ruminais peso 28 92 9 2 9, 355 (35 kg1 1 moído soja calcário 645 (64 kg1. . Controle kg- VM (VM) Saccharomyces cerevisiae dia1 dia dia- CLE 7 3 14 14) 4 LA 14. (1 P>0,05 P005 P 0 05 (P>0,05 836 8 36 8,3 58,39% 5839 58 39 6,75. 675 6,75 6 75 6,75) disso amoniacal 35 (3 64 (6 (VM ( P>0,0 P00 (P>0,0 83 8, 58,39 583 67 6,7 P>0, P0 (P>0, 58,3 6, P>0 (P>0 58, P> (P> (P

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting virginiamycin with yeastbased products in high-energy diets containing monensin on the nutrient digestibility and ruminal parameters of cattle. Five crossbred Nellore × Holstein steers (initial body weight 281 kg ± 9.2 kg) were allotted to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The diets were composed in dry matter basis of corn silage (355 g kg-1), and concentrate composed of ground corn, soybean meal, soybean hulls,mineral mix, limestone, salt and urea (645 g kg-1). The treatments were: 1 - control, 18 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM) virginiamycin (VM); 2 - enriched yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at 7 g animal day-1 (EYC 7); 3 - enriched yeast culture (S. cerevisiae) at 14 g animal day-1 (EYC 14); 4 - autolyzed yeast (S. cerevisiae) at 7 g animal day-1 (AY 7); and 5 - autolyzed yeast (S. cerevisiae) at 14 g animal day-1 (AY 14). Monensin (18 mg kg-1 DM) was added to the mineral mix in all treatments. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found for DM intake (mean 8.36 kg DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility (average of 58.39%), or mean ruminal pH (mean 6.75) among treatments. Moreover, the treatment did not have a significant effect on the short-chain fatty acid or ammonia nitrogen concentrations. These results indicated the possibility of replacing virginiamycin with yeast-based products at the lowest level (7 g of enriched yeast culture or autolyzed yeast per animal day-1) in high-energy diets containing monensin. highenergy high energy cattle initial 28 92 9 9. design 355 (35 kg1, kg1 , kg-1) meal hullsmineral hulls limestone 645 (64 kg1. . control kg- (DM VM (VM) Saccharomyces cerevisiae day1 day day- EYC 7) S. S (S 14) AY 14. (1 P 0.05 005 0 05 836 8 36 8.3 DM, OM (OM average 58.39%, 5839 58.39% 58 39 58.39%) 6.75 675 6 75 Moreover shortchain short chain concentrations based ( 35 (3 64 (6 (VM 0.0 00 83 8. 583 58.39 6.7 67 0. 58.3 6. 58.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e o custo dietético por quilograma de tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivadas em sistema de bioflocos, sendo alimentadas com uma dieta prática contendo total substituição da farinha de peixe (FP) por farelo de soja (FS). Foram usados 150 juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo, distribuídos em seis tanques com 250L úteis. Os tratamentos consistiram em: dieta controle, sendo composta por uma dieta comercial formulada com FP, e outra dieta teste, com substituição total do FP pelo farelo de soja. Os parâmetros zootécnicos e o custo dietético por quilograma de peixe produzido foram mensurados. O desempenho zootécnico dos peixes não foi afetado significativamente pela substituição, enquanto o custo por kg de peixe foi maior no tratamento controle (com FP). É possível reduzir custos dietéticos substituindo a FP pelo farelo de soja sem afetar os parâmetros zootécnicos para tilápia-do-nilo cultivada em sistema de bioflocos. tilápiasdonilo tilápias nilo Oreochromis niloticus bioflocos (FP FS. FS . (FS) 15 tilápiadonilo, tilápiadonilo tilápia nilo, L úteis teste mensurados FP. FP) (FS 1