ABSTRACT: Members of the genus Lanius, known as shrikes, are economically important song birds distributed widely in several Asian countries. DNA sequencing, based on a partial segment of the cytochrome oxidase b (Cyt b) gene, was used to determine genetic variations and population genetic structure in four populations of shrike samples from north, east, and west Pakistan. We observed nucleotide diversities in L. isabellinus(= 0.02), L. schach(= 0.005), L. vittatus(= 0.004) and L. lahtora(= 0.008) . FST values were significant (P < 0.05) in all species populations apart from L. isabellinus, which were non-significant. The negative values of Fu’s Fs and Tajima’s D showed significant population expansion in three species, L. schach, L. vittatusand L. Lahtora, whereas they were insignificant in populations of L. isabellinus. Fu’s Fs and Tajima’s D values explain that a strong genetic structure is present among members of L. isabellinus. On this basis, it is inferred that strong genetic structuring in L. isabellinuspopulations within this region was largely shaped by a common origin, with secondary influences from geographical factors and isolation. ABSTRACT Lanius shrikes countries sequencing Cyt gene north east Pakistan L isabellinus= isabellinus = isabellinus( 0.02, 002 0.02 , 0 02 0.02) schach= schach schach( 0.005, 0005 0.005 005 0.005) vittatus= vittatus vittatus( 0.004 0004 004 lahtora= lahtora lahtora( 0.008 0008 008 P 0.05 05 nonsignificant. nonsignificant non significant. non-significant Fus Fu s Tajimas Tajima Lahtora basis origin isolation 00 0.0 000 0.00 0.

RESUMO: Membros do gênero Lanius, conhecidos como picanços, são pássaros canoros economicamente importantes, amplamente distribuídos em vários países asiáticos. O sequenciamento de DNA, baseado em um segmento parcial do gene citocromo oxidase b (Cyt b), foi usado para determinar as variações genéticas e a estrutura genética da população em quatro populações de amostras de picanço do norte, leste e oeste do Paquistão. As diversidades de nucleotídeos em L. isabellinus (= 0,02), L. schach (= 0,005), L. vittatus (= 0,004) e L. lahtora (= 0,008) foram observadas. Os valores de FST foram significativos (P < 0,05) em todas as populações de espécies, exceto L. isabellinus, que não foram significativos. Os valores negativos de Fs de Fu e D de Tajima mostraram expansão populacional significativa em três espécies, L. schach, L. vittatus e L. Lahtora, enquanto foram insignificantes em populações de L. isabellinus. Os valores Fs de Fu e D de Tajima explicam que uma forte estrutura genética está presente entre os membros de L. isabellinus. Com base nisso, infere-se que a forte estruturação genética nas populações de L. isabellinus nessa região foi amplamente moldada por uma origem comum, com influências secundárias de fatores geográficos e isolamento. RESUMO Lanius picanços importantes asiáticos DNA Cyt b, , b) norte Paquistão L = ( 0,02, 002 0,02 0 02 0,02) 0,005, 0005 0,005 005 0,005) 0,004 0004 004 0,008 0008 008 observadas P 0,05 05 espécies Lahtora nisso inferese infere se comum isolamento 00 0,0 000 0,00 0,

RESUMEN En este trabajo analizamos la valoración que el alumnado universitario realiza de su trabajo de composición cooperativa durante un semestre académico. Se contemplan, entre otras, las variables de formación musical y de género. El alumnado compone una canción para un aula de Educación Primaria. Son 89 participantes, de los cuales solo 26 declaran haber estudiado música en centros especializados. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado participante se encuentra, en general, muy satisfecho con el trabajo realizado, en especial las mujeres y los estudiantes con conocimientos musicales. La implicación fue alta, y se percibe que la enculturación tonal en la población general repercute en que determinadas actividades de creatividad musical que podríamos considerar complejas pueden, mediante el trabajo colaborativo, ejercerse en contextos ajenos a los que derivan de una formación musical especializada.

ABSTRACT In this paper we analyse how university students evaluate their cooperative composition work during an academic semester. Variables such as musical training and gender, among others, are considered. The students compose a song for a primary school classroom. They were 89 participants, of whom only 26 reported having studied music at specialized schools. The results show that the participating students are, in general, very satisfied with the work carried out, especially the women and students with previous musical knowledge. The involvement was high and it is perceived that tonal enculturation in the general population has an impact on the fact that certain musical creativity activities, that we could consider complex, can be exercised through collaborative work, in contexts other than those derived from specialized musical training.

RESUMO Neste artigo analisamos a forma como os estudantes universitários avaliam o seu trabalho de composição cooperativa durante um semestre académico. São tidas em conta as variáveis de formação musical e género, entre outras. Os alunos compõem uma canção para uma sala de aula da educação básica. Participaram 89 estudantes, dos quais apenas 26 declararam ter estudado música em centros especializados. Os resultados mostram que os alunos participantes estão, em geral, muito satisfeitos com o trabalho realizado, especialmente as mulheres e os alunos com conhecimentos musicais. O envolvimento foi elevado, e percebe-se que a enculturação tonal na população em geral significa que certas atividades de criatividade musical que poderíamos considerar complexas podem, através do trabalho colaborativo, ser exercidas em contextos diferentes dos que derivam de uma formação musical especializada.

Abstract: Fifty years after such a beautiful and moving sung story appeared that has been disseminated throughout the spectrum where there is an audience for the traditional Spanish song, which has been privileged by various performers from the original country and foreigners, among which stands out the great Alfredo Zitarrosa, it is time to go to the author to reveal the story behind the anecdote of the song. This is how Pancho Madrigal himself (Francisco Javier Madrigal Toribio; Guadalajara, Jalisco, May 19, 1945).

Resumen: Cincuenta años después de aparecida tan bella y conmovedora historia cantada que se ha divulgado en todo el espectro donde hay público para la canción en español de aliento tradicional, misma que ha sido privilegiada por diversos intérpretes del país original y extranjeros, entre los que se destaca el gran Alfredo Zitarrosa, es hora de acudir al autor para que nos revele la historia detrás de la anécdota de la canción. Es así que el propio Pancho Madrigal (Francisco Javier Madrigal Toribio; Guadalajara, Jalisco, 19/V/1945).

Abstract José Afonso renewed his musical work in Algarve, between 1958 and 1964. This process coincides with the General Humberto Delgado’s presidential campaign, the Opposition candidate. His performances also began to take place in popular associations. He composed “Grândola, Vila Morena” in this context. After Mozambique, between 1964 and 1967, having deepened his anti-colonial awareness, he moved to Setúbal. He collaborated with all anti-fascist forces and despite frequently being identified with the PCP (Partido Comunista Português), he is close to the revolutionary left. He sympathizes with LUAR (Liga de Unidade e Acção Revolucionária), created in 1967, known for the robbery of the Bank of Portugal in Figueira da Foz. After the 25th of April, in solidarity with the workers and grassroots dynamics, internationalist, he was enthusiastic about the Popular Power project, expressed in many of his songs. LUAR ended in 1976, but José Afonso remained an activist in the field of the revolutionary left, although without any party involvement.

Resumo José Afonso, no Algarve entre 1958 e 1964, procede à renovação da sua obra musical. Esse processo coincide com a campanha presidencial do general Humberto Delgado, candidato da Oposição. As suas atuações passam também a fazer-se nas associações populares. Foi nesse contexto que compôs “Grândola, Vila Morena”. Depois de Moçambique, entre 1964 e 1967, aprofundada a consciência anticolonial, vai residir para Setúbal. Colaborou com todas as forças antifascistas e apesar de frequentemente identificado com o PCP (Partido Comunista Português), mostra-se próximo da esquerda revolucionária. Simpatiza com a LUAR (Liga de Unidade e Acção Revolucionária), criada em 1967, conhecida pelo assalto ao Banco de Portugal na Figueira da Foz. Após o 25 de Abril, solidário com os trabalhadores e as dinâmicas populares de base, internacionalista, entusiasmou-se com o projeto do Poder Popular, traduzido em muitas das suas canções. A LUAR extinguiu-se em 1976, mas José Afonso manteve-se ativista no campo da esquerda revolucionária, ainda que sem envolvimento partidário.

Abstract This article focuses on the activity of the Coro da Juventude Musical Portuguesa (JMP, Choir of Lisbon), of Lisbon, from the end of the 1960s (c. 1969) until the end of the Portuguese revolutionary period (c. 1976). Considering that, throughout these periods, this choir sought to introduce innovative approaches in the processes of selection, interpretation and presentation of diverse repertoires in different contexts, I highlight the aesthetic and political meanings given by its members to practices that contributed to the dissemination of musical expressions originated from various regions of the country, as a way of appreciation of Portuguese popular culture. With the 25th of April 1974, I observe the reconfiguration of practices and repertoires and describe some of the different paths of the members of the JMP Choir, focusing on their activity and influence in the context of musical groups associated with political-party organizations.

Resumo Este artigo centra-se na atividade do Coro da Juventude Musical Portuguesa (JMP), de Lisboa, desde finais da década de 1960 (c. 1969) até ao fim do período revolucionário português (c. 1976). Considerando que, ao longo destes períodos, este coro procurou imprimir abordagens inovadoras nos processos de seleção, interpretação e apresentação de repertórios diversificados em diferentes contextos, destaco os significados estéticos e políticos conferidos pelos seus membros a práticas que contribuíram para a divulgação de expressões musicais oriundas de várias regiões do país, enquanto forma de valorização da cultura popular portuguesa. Com o 25 de Abril de 1974, observo a reconfiguração de práticas e repertórios e descrevo alguns dos diferentes percursos dos membros do Coro da JMP, visando a sua atividade e influência no contexto de grupos musicais associados a organizações político-partidárias.

Abstract Tolkien gives a prominent importance to music and song in the novels and stories that make up his work. Such relevance is not only represented as one more element in the culture and society of the world “sub-created” by J.R.R.Tolkien, Middleearth, but it is rather the engine of the very creation of the Tolkienian universe, the catalyst in narrative knots and in the moments of greatest transcendence for the development of the plot. In Tolkien’s work, music is a predominant agent in the evolution of the hero, as well as in the duality of creation-destruction and in the consequent succession of cycles.

Resumen Tolkien concede una importancia preponderante a la música y a las canciones en las novelas y narraciones que constituyen su obra. Dicha relevancia no solo se representa como un elemento más en la cultura y la sociedad del mundo “subcreado” por Tolkien, la Tierra Media, sino es más bien el motor de la creación misma del universo tolkieniano, el catalizador en nudos narrativos y en los momentos de mayor trascendencia para el desarrollo de la trama. En la obra de Tolkien, la música es un agente predominante en la evolución del héroe, así como en la dualidad creación-destrucción y en la consecuente sucesión de ciclos.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma análise da canção "Pelas Tabelas", de Chico Buarque, e explora sua principal alusão: a figura bíblica de João Batista como símbolo de resistência à tirania, à violência e à irracionalidade. Buarque usa poesia, ironia e referências à cultura brasileira para criar uma história de amor e alienação com intensidade patética. O trabalho contextualiza a canção no âmbito da obra musical de Buarque e no momento político da história brasileira - os anos 80 - em que um grande movimento para o restabelecimento da democracia estava a caminho: o movimento chamado “Diretas Já”. Esta análise propõe um diálogo com os campos dos estudos culturais, da teologia e da literatura. Mostra que o canto de Buarque está imbuído da poética, do profético e do patético. Pelas Tabelas, Tabelas , Tabelas" alusão tirania irracionalidade poesia patética 8 caminho Diretas Já. Já . Já” culturais literatura poética patético

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the song “Pelas Tabelas”, by Chico Buarque, and explores its main allusion: the Biblical figure of John the Baptist as a symbol of resistance to tyranny, violence, and irrationality. Buarque uses poetry, irony, and references to Brazilian culture in order to create a story of love and alienation with pathetic intensity. The paper contextualizes the song in the context of Buarque’s musical oeuvre and in that particular political moment in Brazilian history - the 1980s - in which a great movement for the reestablishment of democracy was on its way: the movement called Diretas Já. This analysis proposes a dialogue with the fields of cultural studies, theology, and literature. It shows that Buarque’s song is imbued with the poetic, the prophetic, and the pathetic. Pelas Tabelas, Tabelas , Tabelas” allusion tyranny violence irrationality poetry irony intensity Buarques s way Já studies theology literature poetic prophetic

Resumen Este artículo presenta un análisis de la canción "Pelas Tabelas", de Chico Buarque, y explora su principal alusión: la figura bíblica de Juan el Bautista como símbolo de resistencia a la tiranía, la violencia y la irracionalidad. Buarque utiliza la poesía, la ironía y las referencias a la cultura brasileña para crear una historia de amor y alienación de intensidad patética. El trabajo contextualiza la canción en el ámbito de la obra musical de Buarque y en el momento político de la historia brasileña -la década de 1980- en la que estaba en marcha un gran movimiento por el restablecimiento de la democracia: el movimiento llamado “Diretas Já”. Este análisis propone un diálogo con los campos de los estudios culturales, la teología y la literatura. Muestra que la canción de Buarque está impregnada de lo poético, lo profético y lo patético. Pelas Tabelas, Tabelas , Tabelas" alusión tiranía irracionalidad poesía patética 1980 democracia Diretas Já. Já . Já” culturales literatura poético patético 198 19 1

Abstract Angolan protest music’s as a repertory that challenged the colonial system benefitted from the European careers of some of its artists. In this article, the absence of Angolan musicians among “the singers of April, or their non-recognition in the historiographical memory of Portugal’s Carnation Revolution, is discussed. It explores some possible explanations for this, by comparing memories of the musicians with the treatment given to the most influential figures of Portuguese and Angolan cultures in the Dictionaries about the Estado Novo (dictatorial regime) and the 25th of April (the date of the revolution). In addition to identifying possible causes for these absences, the Eurocentric thinking underlying this “state of memories” is also examined, with counterarguments made as to the reasonableness of their inclusion within the categories of protest song.

Resumo A música angolana enquanto repertório de resistência ao sistema colonial beneficiou da trajetória europeia de alguns dos seus intérpretes. Neste artigo questiona-se a não inclusão destes artistas como cantores de Abril, o seu não reconhecimento na memória historiográfica do período que permeia a Revolução dos Cravos. Exploram-se possíveis explicações para isso, cotejando as memórias e o passado dos músicos com o tratamento conferido às figuras mais influentes das culturas portuguesa e angolana nos dicionários sobre o Estado Novo e o 25 de Abril. Identificam-se, além das causas possíveis para estas ausências, o pensamento eurocêntrico que subjaz a algumas das presenças, e contra-argumenta-se no sentido da razoabilidade da sua inclusão dentro das categorias associadas à música de protesto.

Résumé La musique angolaise en tant que répertoire de résistance au système colonial a bénéficié de la trajectoire européenne de certains de ses interprètes. Cet article interroge la non-inclusion de ces artistes en tant que « chanteurs d’avril », leur non-reconnaissance dans la mémoire historiographique de la période médiatrice de la Révolution des Œillets. On explore des explications possibles, en comparant les mémoires et le passé des musiciens avec le traitement réservé aux figures les plus influentes des cultures portugaise et angolaise dans les dictionnaires de l’Estado Novo (régime dictatorial) et du 25 avril (date de la révolution). Outre les causes possibles de ces absences, on identifie la pensée eurocentrique qui sous-tend certaines présences et on contre-argumente quant au caractère raisonnable de l’inclusion de ces musiques dans les catégories de la musique contestataire.

Abstract: This research paper presents a summary of the thesis “Automatic Detection of Misogynistic Content in Social Networks through Knowledge Transfer from Songs”, where the main idea is to leverage the existing knowledge of some songs to transfer linguistic patterns that help to identify manifestations of misogyny in social media. In particular, several learning transfer techniques were analyzed. In addition, a methodology is presented to build, automatically, a collection of songs and another of phrases, both with instances labeled according to the presence or absence of misogynistic content. The major contribution of this research is a data augmentation method that increases the generalization capability of the misogyny detection models by transferring the semantic richness contained in song lyrics. The proposed approach was evaluated in benchmark collections containing texts in Spanish and English, obtaining encouraging results. Compared to robust state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed approach obtained competitive results in English and significant gains in Spanish. This research confirmed the existence of valuable linguistic knowledge in songs, which can be transferred to detect misogynistic content in social media.

Resumen: Este artículo de investigación presenta un resumen de la tesis “Detección Automática de Contenido Misógino en Redes Sociales mediante Transferencia de Conocimiento proveniente de Canciones”, donde la idea principal es aprovechar el conocimiento existente en algunas canciones para transferir patrones lingüísticos que ayuden a identificar manifestaciones de misoginia en las redes sociales. En particular, se analizaron varias técnicas de transferencia de aprendizaje. Además, se presenta una metodología para construir, automáticamente, una colección de canciones y otra de frases, ambas con instancias etiquetadas de acuerdo con la presencia o ausencia de contenido misógino. La mayor contribución de esta investigación es un método de aumentación de datos que incrementa la capacidad de generalización de los modelos de detección de misoginia mediante la transferencia de la riqueza semántica contenida en las letras de las canciones. El enfoque propuesto fue evaluado en colecciones de referencia que contienen textos en español e Inglés, obteniendo resultados alentadores. En comparación con enfoques robustos del estado del arte, el enfoque propuesto obtuvo resultados competitivos en el idioma Inglés y ganancias importantes en el idioma Español. Esta investigación confirmó la existencia de conocimiento lingüístico valioso en las canciones, el cual puede ser transferido para detectar contenido misógino en redes sociales.

Abstract Background To explore the median effective dose (ED50) and 95% effective dose (ED95) of remimazolam besylate combined with alfentanil for adult gastroscopy. Methods This prospective studyenrolled 31 patients scheduled to painless gastroscopy at Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital between April and May, 2022. 5 µg.kg−1 of alfentanil hydrochloride was used for pre-analgesia. The initial single loading dose of remimazolam besylate was 0.12 mg.kg−1, increased or reduced by 0.01 mg.kg−1 for the next patient with modified Dixon sequential method. The modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (MOAA/S) was used to assess sedation. Results Combined with alfentanil, the ED50 of remimazolam besylate was 0.147 mg.kg−1 (95% CI: 0.138-0.160 mg.kg−1) and ED95 0.171 mg.kg−1 (95% CI: 0.159-0.245 mg.kg−1). The induction time after injection of remimazolam besylate was 70 ± 25 s, with the anesthesia recovery time and the observation time in resuscitation room 5.13 ± 2.13 min and 2.32 ± 1.6 min, respectively. Twenty nine patients’ vital signs were within acceptable limits during gastroscopy. Conclusions The ED50 of remimazolam besylate combined with alfentanil for painless gastroscopy was 0.147 mg.kg−1, and the ED95 was 0.171 mg.kg−1. ED (ED50 95 (ED95 3 No Peoples People s May 2022 µgkg1 µgkg µg kg 1 µg.kg− preanalgesia. preanalgesia pre analgesia. analgesia pre-analgesia 012 0 12 0.1 mgkg1 mgkg mg 001 01 0.0 mg.kg− method Observers Observer AlertnessSedation Alertness Sedation MOAA/S MOAAS MOAA S (MOAA/S sedation ED5 0147 147 0.14 (95 CI 0.1380.160 01380160 0.138 0.160 138 160 0.138-0.16 ED9 0171 171 0.17 0.1590.245 01590245 0.159 0.245 159 245 0.159-0.24 . 7 513 13 5.1 213 2.1 232 32 2.3 16 6 1. respectively (ED5 9 (ED9 202 µg.kg 0. 00 mg.kg 014 14 (9 1380 0.1380.16 0138016 0138 0.13 0160 0.16 0.138-0.1 017 17 1590 0.1590.24 0159024 0159 0.15 0245 0.24 15 24 0.159-0.2 51 5. 21 2. 23 (ED 20 ( 0.1380.1 013801 013 016 0.138-0. 0.1590.2 015902 015 024 0.2 0.159-0. 0.1380. 01380 0.138-0 0.1590. 01590 02 0.159-0 0.1380 0.138- 0.1590 0.159-

ABSTRACT In this paper, the robust finite-time control for impact angle guidance of missile dynamic system with uncertainties is investigated by combining linear extended state observer (LESO) and adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode method. Specially for dealing with existing uncertainties including time-varying parametric perturbation and nonparametric disturbances in high order line-of-sight rates and target acceleration, a robust LESO strategy is proposed for designing sliding mode-based impact angle guidance, which can guarantee that estimation error converges to the neighborhood of the origin in finite-time. Based on the proposed LESO framework, an adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode guidance law is considered for realizing interception of maneuvering targets, which can guarantee asymptotically stability of the system. Simulation results are shown for confirming effectiveness of the proposed guidance strategy of this paper. Compared with former methods, accuracy of estimation is increased by nearly two times, and miss distance is reduced by nearly two times. paper finitetime finite time (LESO nonsingular non singular method timevarying varying lineofsight line sight acceleration modebased based finitetime. time. framework targets methods times

Abstract Objective Laryngeal cancer, characterized by high recurrence rates and a lack of effective biomarkers, has been associated with cuproptosis, a regulated cell death process linked to cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of cuproptosis-related genes in laryngeal cancer and their potential as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Methods We collected comprehensive data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, including gene expression profiles and clinical data of laryngeal cancer patients. Using clustering and gene analysis, we identified cuproptosis-related genes with prognostic significance. A risk model was constructed based on these genes, categorizing patients into high- and low-risk groups for outcome comparison. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent prognostic factors, which were then incorporated into a nomogram. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was employed to explore pathways distinguishing high- and low-risk groups. Results Our risk model, based on four genes, including transmembrane 2, dishevelled binding antagonist of β-catenin 1, stathmin 2, and G protein-coupled receptor 173, revealed significant differences in patient outcomes between high- and low-risk groups. Independent prognostic factors were identified and integrated into a nomogram, providing a valuable tool for prognostic prediction. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis uncovered up-regulated pathways specifically associated with high-risk patient samples. Conclusion This study highlights the potential of cuproptosis-related genes as valuable prognostic markers and promising therapeutic targets in the context of laryngeal cancer. This research sheds light on new avenues for understanding and managing this challenging disease. Level of evidence: Level 4. biomarkers cuproptosis progression cuproptosisrelated related databases analysis significance lowrisk low comparison nomogram 2 βcatenin β catenin 1 proteincoupled protein coupled 173 prediction upregulated up highrisk samples disease evidence 4 17

Abstract This article investigates the presence of text-music relationships in the Brazilian Art Song Coração triste [Sad Heart], for voice and piano, by Alberto Nepomuceno, on verses by Machado de Assis, and provides data about the union of poet and composer from the perspective of scholars of the Brazilian Art Song. Aimed at readers distant from the musical language and taking as reference the works Guidelines for Style Analysis, by LaRue (1992), and Curso de Formas Musicales, by Zamacois (1994), this study provides data on the creative process known as the text-music relationship, present in western music since its beginnings, whose reflections remain throughout the centuries until today. This study is completed by the availability of an interpretation of this Art Song, by two of the authors of this study. textmusic text Sad Heart, Heart , Heart] piano Nepomuceno Assis Analysis 1992, 1992 (1992) Musicales 1994, 1994 (1994) relationship beginnings today 199 (1992 (1994 19 (199 1 (19 (1 (

Resumo Este artigo investiga a presença de relações texto-música na canção brasileira de câmara Coração triste, para canto e piano, de Alberto Nepomuceno, sobre versos de Machado de Assis, e disponibiliza dados acerca da união de poeta e compositor a partir do olhar de estudiosos da canção nacional. Voltado para leitores distantes da linguagem musical e tendo como referência as obras Guidelines for Style Analysis, de LaRue (1992), e Curso de Formas Musicales, de Zamacois (1994), este estudo dispõe dados do processo criativo conhecido como relação texto-música, presente na música ocidental desde seus primórdios, cujos reflexos permanecem através dos séculos até a atualidade. Completa este estudo a disponibilização de uma interpretação dessa canção, por dois dos autores deste estudo. textomúsica texto triste piano Nepomuceno Assis nacional Analysis 1992, 1992 , (1992) Musicales 1994, 1994 (1994) textomúsica, música, primórdios atualidade 199 (1992 (1994 19 (199 1 (19 (1 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia do Dynesys e do sistema híbrido no tratamento de pacientes com doença degenerativa lombar multissegmentar (DLD). Métodos: Os pacientes envolvidos neste estudo retrospectivo foram divididos em grupos Dynesys (n = 22) e Híbrido (n = 13). Os desfechos clínicos foram avaliados por meio do Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) e da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). As avaliações radiológicas incluíram radiografia, ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) e tomografia computadorizada. Ademais, diferentes complicações foram analisadas. Resultados: No acompanhamento final, o ODI e a EVA de todos os grupos melhoraram (p < 0,05), e houve diminuição da amplitude de movimento (ADM) dos segmentos operacionais. No entanto, o grupo Dynesys preservou uma maior extensão da ADM no acompanhamento final (p < 0,05). A ADM do segmento superior adjacente foi ampliada em ambos os grupos (p < 0,05), enquanto as alturas dos discos foram reduzidas no acompanhamento final (p < 0,05). No entanto, o grupo Dynesys apresentou uma redução mais evidente na altura do disco dos segmentos dinâmicos (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa nas complicações entre esses dois grupos (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Neste estudo, resultados satisfatórios semelhantes foram obtidos em ambos os grupos. Ambos os procedimentos cirúrgicos podem ser empregados como tratamentos eficazes para pacientes de meia-idade e fisicamente ativos com LDD multissegmentar. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo Retrospectivo Comparativo. Objetivo DLD. DLD . (DLD) Métodos n 22 13. 13 13) (ODI EVA. (EVA) radiografia RNM (RNM computadorizada Ademais analisadas Resultados p 0,05, 005 0,05 , 0 05 0,05) (ADM operacionais entanto 0,05. Conclusão meiaidade meia idade III Comparativo (DLD 2 1 (EVA 00 0,0 0,

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare effectiveness of Dynesys and hybrid system in treating patients with multi-segmental lumbar degenerative disease (LDD). Methods: Patients involved in this retrospective study were divided into Dynesys (n = 22) and Hybrid (n = 13) groups. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Radiologic evaluations included X-ray, MRI, and CT. Furthermore, different complications were analyzed. Results: At the last follow-up, ODI and VAS of each group were improved (p < 0.05), and the range of motion (ROM) of operating segments decreased. However, Dynesys group preserved a larger extent of ROM at the final follow-up (p < 0.05). ROM of the upper adjacent segment was increased in both groups (p < 0.05), while the disc heights were decreased at the final follow-up (p < 0.05). Besides, Dynesys group had a more obvious decrease in the disc height of dynamic segments (p < 0.05). No significant difference existed in complications between both groups (p > 0. 05). Conclusion: In our study, similar satisfactory results were obtained in both groups. Both surgical procedures can be employed as effective treatments for middle-aged and physically active patients with multi-segmental LDD. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective Comparative Study. Objective multisegmental multi segmental LDD . (LDD) Methods n 22 13 ODI, , (ODI) VAS. (VAS) Xray, Xray X ray, ray X-ray MRI CT Furthermore analyzed Results followup, followup follow up, up p 0.05, 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) (ROM However 0.05. Besides 05. 05) Conclusion middleaged middle aged III Study (LDD 2 1 (ODI (VAS 00 0.0

ABSTRACT Through a long-term micro-area positioning experiment (2006-2017), the precise fertilization locations of spring maize (Zea mays L.) in Jilin, China, were investigated using an embedded cement bucket pot. The effects of different fertilization placements and additional application of organic manure on maize yield, biomass, grain nutrient uptake, and soil fertility were examined. Six treatments were designed: base fertilizer + topdressing shallow application (BF1TD1); base fertilizer deep + topdressing shallow application (BF2TD1); base fertilizer + topdressing deep application (BF1TD2); base fertilizer deep + topdressing deep application (BF2TD2); base fertilizer + topdressing + organic manure shallow application (BF1TD1 + OS); and base fertilizer + topdressing shallow application + organic manure deep application (BF1TD1 + OD). After 12 years of continuous experimentation, the findings revealed that BF2TD2, BF1TD1 + OS, and BF1TD1 + OD exhibited 10.59 %, 25.17 %, and 29.34 % higher average yields than BF1TD1, respectively. Deep topdressing was more beneficial in increasing maize yield and nutrient accumulation, and additionally, increasing the use of organic fertilizer enhanced plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Over the 12 years considered, the soil organic matter in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers increased by 45.96 % and 80.61 %, respectively, and the soil pH increased from 0.38 to 0.48. In general, the deep application of organic manure was more beneficial for soil retention as it can increase soil fertility in the 0-40 cm layer. Considering the high yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of maize, technical advancement for soil fertilizer in whole-field tillage layers was crucial. longterm long term microarea micro area 20062017, 20062017 2006 2017 , (2006-2017) Zea L. L Jilin China pot uptake examined designed BFTD BF TD (BF1TD1) BF2TD1 (BF2TD1) BF1TD2 (BF1TD2) BF2TD2 (BF2TD2) (BF1TD OS OS) OD. . OD) 1 experimentation BF1TD 1059 10 59 10.5 2517 25 17 25.1 2934 29 34 29.3 respectively accumulation additionally considered 020 0 20 0-2 2040 40 20-4 4596 45 96 45.9 8061 80 61 80.6 038 38 0.3 048 48 0.48 general 040 0-4 layer wholefield whole field crucial 2006201 200 201 (2006-2017 BF2TD (BF2TD1 (BF1TD2 (BF2TD2 105 5 10. 251 2 25. 293 3 29. 02 0- 204 4 20- 459 9 45. 806 8 6 80. 03 0. 04 0.4 200620 (2006-201 (BF2TD 20062 (2006-20 (2006-2 (2006- (2006 (200 (20 (2 (