ABSTRACT: Body percussion constitutes a decisive expressive-musical element in many works of the band repertoire. The compositional possibilities that it offers from a rhythmic, timbral and choreographic point of view are often linked to traditional musical elements as in the case of Palindromia Flamenca by Antonio Ruda Peco. In this work for solo soprano saxophone and band the Spanish musician, through the almost constant presence of clapping, creates a musical climax very close to flamenco as the performance, entrusted to a specific group of musicians, brings to mind the role of palmeros. In this article, through a musicological investigation we intend to pay particular attention to the musical characteristics and functions that body percussion performs within the composition. This will represent the basis for developing a teaching proposal based on the BAPNE Method for the development of executive functions. ABSTRACT expressivemusical expressive repertoire rhythmic Peco musician clapping performance musicians palmeros article composition

RESUMO: A percussão corporal constitui um elemento expressivo-musical decisivo em muitas obras do repertório de banda. As possibilidades composicionais que ela oferece do ponto de vista rítmico, tímbrico e coreográfico estão muitas vezes ligadas a elementos musicais tradicionais, como é o caso de Palindromia Flamenca de Antonio Ruda Peco. Nesta obra para saxofone soprano solo e banda, o músico espanhol, através da presença quase constante de palmas, cria um clímax musical muito próximo do flamenco, pois a performance, confiada a um grupo específico de músicos, traz à mente o papel de los palmeros. Neste capítulo, através de uma investigação musicológica pretendemos dar especial atenção às características e funções musicais que a percussão corporal desempenha na composição. Isto representará a base para o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de ensino baseada no Método BAPNE para o desenvolvimento de funções executivas. RESUMO expressivomusical expressivo banda rítmico tradicionais Peco espanhol palmas flamenco performance músicos palmeros capítulo composição executivas

Resumo Os gestos musicais inerentes à produção de som são reconhecidos por parte significativa dos teóricos como um fator crítico de uma performance musical. Os gestos, para além da funcionalidade, podem ser considerados recursos operacionais do sistema de percepção-ação de um individuo. Pressupõe, portanto, esta gestualidade a criação de um significado que envolve mais do que apenas um movimento físico. Os movimentos podem ser subdivididos em padrões específicos de conceptualização. A dinâmica é um dos elementos expressivos mais relevantes da música e está fortemente relacionada com a fiscalidade da ação musical. Usada de maneira eficaz, a dinâmica permite sustentar a pertinência narrativa de uma performance musical comunicando, por exemplo, um estado emocional geral ou sentimento específico. Neste estudo, a performance da música contemporânea de percussão solo esteve em foco e uma audiência dividida entre ouvintes “visuais" e "não visuais”, foram analisados. Nesta perspectiva, a observação sobre a maneira de tocar do percussionista e o estudo da reação ao estimulo sonoro e sonoro/visual do público oferece ao autor uma oportunidade de entender a percepção da dinâmica. O desenho quantitativo da experiência foi escolhido para atingir os propósitos deste estudo, e que pode demonstrar uma realidade objetiva usando números para imitar modelos significativos que refletem as árias relações entre objetos ou fenómenos. Essas entidades numéricas não são a realidade em si, mas uma maneira de representá-la. Assim, procurou-se responder à pergunta de investigação: como pode o gesto percussivo influenciar a percepção da dinâmica musical de uma plateia?

Abstract Musical performative gestures are recognised by the majority of theoreticians as a critical factor of a musical performance. Gestures can be considered as operating features of a person’s perception-action system. It presupposes significance of a meaning that involves more than just a physical movement. Movements can be subdivided into specific patterns and conceptualised. Dynamics are one of the most relevant expressive element in music and they are strongly related to the physical musical action - sound producing gestures. Used effectively, dynamics allow sustain narrative pertinence in a musical performance, communicating for example a particular emotional state or feeling. For this research, solo percussion contemporary music performance was in focus and an audience divided in between “visual and non visual” listeners was studied. From this perspective, observation over percussionists’ playing manner and it ́s audience provides the researcher an opportunity to understand dynamics perception through musicians’ gestures in this particular repertoire. The quantitative research design divided in the experiment was chosen for the purpose of this study, which can be referred to as the description of the objective reality by using numbers in order to construct meaningful models reflecting various relationships between objects or phenomena. These numerical entities are not the reality itself, but a way of representing it. How does the percussive gesture influences the perception of musical dynamics by an audience?

ABSTRACT The liquid limit (LL) is an important parameter for soil classification systems. The use of the cone penetrometer technique for measuring the liquid limit is an attractive alternative method since the percussion method is highly operator dependent. In this article, the importance of specifying the procedure and equipment used to determine the LL of a clay soil is highlighted using LL test results conducted on different clay soils. The results of LL, obtained by the percussion method proposed by Casagrande (LLc) and by the penetration cone method (LLp) on clay soils of different geological origins and plasticity were compared. The LLp values were determined using the British cone (20 mm fall cone penetration) method. The LLc values were determined using different hardnesses of Casagrande apparatus. The LL test results show that variations on the investigated methods depend on the mineralogy of the clay soil and the hardness base of the Casagrande cup. The data obtained for kaolinites and illites minerals or low LL soils yielded LLp>LLc. The results obtained for smectite minerals or soils with high LL values indicated LLp<LLc and a greater dispersion among the results. Statistical analyses of residues show that empirical LLp-LLc correlations through a linear regression analysis should be used with caution.

Introduction: The bronchiolitis of viral guy is the respiratory pathology more common in under 1 year, being the respiratory syncytial virus (VRS) the main infectious implicated agent with close to 80 % of the cases. Objective: To determine the efficacy of the different Chest physiotherapy in reducing the score on the severity scale and improving the physiological parameters in infants with bronchiolitis. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out in the databases PEDro, Scielo and Medline. We included controlled, randomized trials with patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis. We chose articles published in the period from January 1st 2006 and September 29, 2016, both in Spanish and in English. The studies compilation was performed in an independent way, not blinded by 2 reviewers, and the studies were classified using the PEDro scale. Results: We found 140 articles that potentially might be included in this work. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 10 articles were chosen for the analysis. Conclusions: There is moderate evidence in favor of the use of nebulized 3% hypertonic in infants with bronchiolitis to reduce hospital stay and severity score; moderate evidence in favor of the use of expiratory flow modification techniques in infants with bronchiolitis to decrease the severity score and moderate evidence against the use of percussion and vibrations techniques to decrease hospital stay and severity score.

Introducción: La bronquiolitis de tipo viral es la patología respiratoria más común en menores de 1 año, siendo el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) el principal agente infeccioso involucrado con cerca del 80% de los casos. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de las diferentes técnicas de fisioterapia respiratoria en la reducción del puntaje en la escala de severidad y la mejora de los parámetros fisiológicos en lactantes con bronquiolitis. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos: PEDro, SciELO y Medline. Fueron incluidos ensayos controlados aleatorios con pacientes diagnosticados con bronquiolitis. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre el 1 de enero de 2006 hasta el 29 de septiembre de 2016, tanto en lengua española como inglesa. La selección de estudios se realizó de manera independiente, no cegada por 2 revisores, y se llevó a cabo una clasificación de los estudios mediante la escala PEDro. Resultados: Se encontraron 140 artículos que potencialmente podrían incluirse a este trabajo. Al determinar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, solo se seleccionaron 10 artículos para su análisis. Conclusiones: Existe evidencia moderada a favor del uso de la nebulización hipertónica al 3% en lactantes con bronquiolitis para disminuir la estancia hospitalaria y la puntuación de severidad; evidencia moderada a favor del uso de técnicas de modificaciones de flujo espiratorio en lactantes con bronquiolitis para disminuir la puntuación de severidad y evidencia moderada en contra del uso de las técnicas de percusión y vibraciones para disminuir la estancia hospitalaria y puntuación de la severidad.

Abstract: In 2004, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases joined a working group formed by a medical specialist and educator who developed an instructional script called thoraco-pulmonary physical examination. Later, a team of the same institute specialized in audiovisual production and graphic design, were commissioned to design the production and animation of a video (interactive: http: //www.iner.salud.gob.mx/exploracionfisicatoracopulmonar.aspx). The video is aimed at medical students, professionals and related medical specialists. Its pedagogical foundation is based on the theories of behavioral, cognitive and constructivist learning, considering that interactive audiovideos for teaching not only contribute to the learning of students enrolled in distance learning, but can also be part of the supporting materials in classroom and postgraduate training courses, as they provide professional medical items for update on fundamental practice maneuvers in medicine, in this case, physical examination of the chest as part of the approach to the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. To achieve this goal we described in the video the lines and regions of the thorax, and the stages of physical examination: inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.

Resumen: En el año 2004, el INER integró un grupo de trabajo conformado por una médica especialista y una pedagoga, quienes elaboraron un guión instruccional llamado exploración física toracopulmonar. Posteriormente, un equipo del mismo instituto especializado en producción audiovisual y diseño gráfico, fue encargado de diseñar la producción y animación de un audio video (interactivo:http://www.iner.salud.gob.mx/exploracionfisicatoracopulmonar.aspx). Este video está dirigido a los estudiantes de medicina, profesionistas y médicos especialistas afines. Su fundamento pedagógico está basado en las teorías del aprendizaje conductista, cognitivista y constructivista, considerando que los audiovideos interactivos para la enseñanza no sólo contribuyen al aprendizaje de alumnos matriculados en la modalidad a distancia, sino que también pueden formar parte de los materiales de apoyo en los cursos presenciales y en la formación de posgrado, ya que proporcionan al profesional de medicina los elementos para su actualización en las maniobras fundamentales de la práctica en medicina, en este caso, la exploración física del tórax como parte del abordaje del diagnóstico de las enfermedades del aparato respiratorio. Para lograr este objetivo se describen en el audiovideo las líneas y regiones del tórax, así como las etapas de la exploración física: inspección, palpación, percusión y auscultación.

Background: Body weight mayinfluence liver size. Aim: To determine the correlation between clinical and ultrasound evaluation of the liver size according to body mass index (BMI). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 81 subjects aged 25 ± 6 years (43 females). Two percussion measurements were taken and u-trasonography was performed on the same site demarcated by percussion. Results: Mean BMI was 23 ± 4 kg/m². Nineteen individuals (23.5%) had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m². There was a significant difference between the values of liver size obtained by clinical and ultrasound methods. The correlation coeffcient between the liver size obtained by clinical and ultrasound methods was 0.419 (p < 0.01). No significant differences in liver size were observed, between subjects with a BMI below or over 25 kg/m². In all subjects, regardless of BMI, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean sizes obtained by both methods. The correlation coeffcients between both methods in subjects with a BMI ≤ 25 Kg/m² and their counterparts with higher BMI were 0.47 and 0.03, respectively. Conclusions: There are significant differences in liver size obtained by clinical examination and ultrasound. Only in subjects with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m², the correlation between the two techniques is significant.

Introducción: El peso corporal puede tener influencia sobre el tamaño del hígado. Objetivo: Determinar el tamaño del hígado mediante examen físico y ultrasonido en sujetos con distinto índice de masa corporal (IMC). Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal de 81 individuos de 25 ± 6 años (43 mujeres). Se tomaron dos medidas del hígado por percusión y la ultrasonografía se efectuó en el mismo sitio marcado por la percusión. Resultados: El IMC promedio de los individuos fue de 23 ± 4 kg/m². Diecinueve sujetos (23,5%) tenían un IMC ≤ 25 kg/m². Se observaron diferencias significativas entre las mediciones obtenidas por examen físico y ultrasonografía en todos los sujetos, no importando el valor de IMC. No se observaron diferencias en el tamaño del hígado entre sujetos con un IMC menor o mayor a 25 kg/m². Los coeficientes de correlación entre los dos métodos en sujetos con un IMC ≤ 25 kg/m² y aquellos con valores más altos fueron 0,47 y 0,03, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las mediciones clínicas y ultrasonográficas del tamaño del hígado diferen signifcativamente. Sólo en sujetos con un IMC ≤ 25 kg/m², ambas mediciones tienen una correlación significativa.