Résumé Cet article propose em indicateur qui décrit, pour chaque municipalité brésilienne, son niveau et ses inégalités d’apprentissage. Cet indicateur est nécessaire car les inégalités d’apprentissage augmentent et ne sont pourtant pas observées par l’indicateur éducatif principal du pays, l’Indice de Développement de l’Éducation de Base (IDEB). L’étude onstatelize initialement la justice em éducation et se situe dans le débat sur les théories de la justice distributive. Ensuite, on onstate les aspects méthodologiques de l’indicateur et les résultats obtenus. La principale constatation est que les matières et les séries scolaires où l’on a onstat le plus grand nombre de municipalités augmentant leur niveau d’apprentissage sont également celles où l’on a onstate une forte augmentation des inégalités. décrit brésilienne dapprentissage. dapprentissage d apprentissage. apprentissage lindicateur l pays lIndice Indice lÉducation Éducation IDEB. IDEB . (IDEB) Létude L étude distributive Ensuite obtenus lon (IDEB

Resumen Este artículo propone un indicador que describe, para cada municipio brasilero, el nivel y las desigualdades de aprendizaje y sus diferencias. Ese indicador es necesario porque las desigualdades de aprendizaje son crecientes y, no obstante, no son observadas por el principal indicador educativo del país, el Índice de Desarrollo de la Educación Básica (IDEB). El estudio inicialmente conceptualiza la justicia en educación, situándose en el debate sobre teorías de justicia distributiva. Después, presenta los aspectos metodológicos del indicador y los resultados obtenidos. La principal constatación es que las disciplinas y grados escolares en que se verificó un mayor número de municipios con aumento de su nivel de aprendizaje son también en los que se verificó un fuerte aumento de las desigualdades. describe brasilero diferencias obstante país IDEB. IDEB . (IDEB) educación distributiva Después obtenidos (IDEB

Abstract This article proposes an indicator that describes each Brazilian municipality’s learning level of its elementary school students, as well as learning inequalities among groups of students defined by socioeconomic status, race, and sex. This indicator is necessary because learning inequalities are growing and are not observed by the country’s main educational indicator, the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB). This study initially conceptualizes justice in education, positioning itself in the debate on theories of justice. Then, it presents the methodological aspects of the indicator and the results obtained. The main finding is that the subjects and school grades in which the highest number of municipalities increased their learning levels are also those in which there was a strong increase in inequalities. municipalitys municipality s status race sex countrys country IDEB. IDEB . (IDEB) education Then obtained (IDEB

Resumo Este artigo propõe um indicador que descreve, para cada município brasileiro, o nível de aprendizagem de seus estudantes do ensino fundamental e as desigualdades de aprendizagem entre grupos de estudantes definidos por nível socioeconômico, raça e sexo. Esse indicador é necessário porque as desigualdades de aprendizagem são crescentes e, contudo, não são observadas pelo principal indicador educacional do país, o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB). O estudo inicialmente conceitualiza justiça em educação, situando-se no debate sobre teorias de justiça distributiva. Em seguida, apresenta os aspectos metodológicos do indicador e os resultados obtidos. A principal constatação é que as disciplinas e séries escolares nas quais se verificou o maior número de municípios aumentando o seu nível de aprendizagem são também aquelas em que se verificou forte aumento das desigualdades. descreve brasileiro socioeconômico sexo contudo país IDEB. IDEB . (IDEB) educação situandose situando distributiva seguida obtidos (IDEB

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes com osteogênese imperfeita (OI). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 30 crianças e adolescentes com OI. Foram avaliados prontuários médicos, uso de bisfosfonatos, características socioeconômicas, dinamometria de preensão palmar, equilíbrio, hipermobilidade articular, nível de deambulação e escores do Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT). Os dados foram apresentados em média e desvio padrão e comparados por teste t por Mann-Whitney, enquanto os categóricos foram apresentados em frequência e comparados pelo teste exato de Fisher. Análises intragrupos foram realizadas por análise de covariância (ANCOVA) ou Teste de Wilcoxon para postos sinalizados. O teste Tau-b de Kendall foi usado para correlações. Resultados: A idade variou de 6 a 18 anos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a gravidade da doença. Casos moderados/graves (n=10) apresentaram menor estatura e força muscular comparadas às dos leves (n=20). Fraqueza muscular foi observada em todos os casos de OI quando comparados à população normal. Não houve diferença nos domínios do PEDI-CAT com exceção do domínio mobilidade. Houve correlação entre o número de fraturas, tipo de OI, peso e equilíbrio e o domínio mobilidade; e entre os domínios Atividades Diárias e Mobilidade e Responsabilidade e Social/cognitivo do PEDI-CAT. Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que crianças com OI moderada/severa podem atingir o mesmo nível de funcionalidade que crianças com a forma leve. Fraturas podem ter grande influência no nível de funcionalidade e o tratamento deve enfocar a prevenção e a reabilitação desses eventos. Objetivo . (OI) Métodos 3 médicos bisfosfonatos socioeconômicas palmar articular PEDICAT. PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT) MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney Fisher ANCOVA (ANCOVA sinalizados Taub Tau b correlações Resultados 1 anos doença moderadosgraves moderados graves n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) normal mobilidade fraturas Socialcognitivo Social cognitivo CAT. Conclusões moderadasevera moderada severa leve eventos (OI (PEDI-CAT n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 children and adolescents with OI. Medical records, use of bisphosphonates, socioeconomic status, handgrip strength, balance, joint hypermobility, ambulatory level, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT) scores were assessed. Data is presented as mean and standard deviation and Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical data is presented as frequency and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Within-group analyses were conducted using ANCOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations used Kendall’s Tau-b test. Results: The participants involved in this study were 6–18 years old. The sample was separated into two groups according to disease severity. The moderate/severe OI group (n=10) presented a lower height and muscular strength than the mild group (n=20). Muscle weakness was observed in all participants with OI when compared with the normal population. No differences were observed between the groups in the PEDI-CAT scores except for the mobility domain. There were correlations between the PEDI-CAT mobility domain and the number of fractures, OI type, weight, and balance; there was also a correlation between the PEDI-CAT daily activities, mobility, responsibility, and social/cognitive domains. Conclusions: The findings suggest that children with moderate/severe forms of OI can achieve the same function levels as children with mild OI. Fractures can have a major influence on the functional level, and treatment should focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of these events when they occur. Objective . (OI) Methods crosssectional cross sectional 3 records bisphosphonates status balance hypermobility level InventoryComputer Inventory Computer PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT assessed Students Student s ttest t test MannWhitney Mann Whitney Fishers Fisher Withingroup Within signedrank signed rank Kendalls Kendall Taub Tau b Results 618 6 18 6–1 old severity moderatesevere moderate severe n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) population fractures type weight activities responsibility socialcognitive social cognitive domains Conclusions occur (OI 61 1 6– n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en valorar críticamente el modo en que se emplean los términos clave que describen el contenido conceptual y la práctica legislativa de la participación de los trabajadores en la dirección en las organizaciones estatales cubanas, y que aparecen en las principales disposiciones normativas que conforman el derecho de trabajo, el sistema legal empresarial y los documentos programáticos que contienen las estrategias socioeconómicas en Cuba, en su proyección hasta el 2030. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal a partir de procedimientos bibliométricos y el análisis comparativo de los principales documentos regulatorios y normativos enunciados anteriormente. Se evidenció que existe un amplio, multifacético, contextualizado y diferenciado tratamiento de los principales aspectos teóricos, que conforman el «deber ser» de la participación de los trabajadores en la dirección de las organizaciones estatales cubanas. El estudio bibliométrico y análisis comparativo de los textos utilizados permitió constatar que, a pesar de las diferencias económicas, sociopolíticas e ideológicas que existen, se observa cierta coincidencia en el tratamiento del término clave «participación de los trabajadores» que propone el sistema legal y normativo cubano y aquel que plantea la bibliografía especializada a nivel mundial sobre el tema.

ABSTRACT This paper’s purpose is to assess critically the use of key terms operated to describe the conceptual content and normative practice in Cuba’s state organization management of worker’s participation, which appear in main regulatory documents that form labor law regulations. Also in Enterprise’ legal system and programmatic documents that contain the socioeconomic strategies in Cuba in their projection until 2030. It was performed a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study based on bibliometric and comparative analysis of the main regulatory and normative documents stated above. It was evident that there is a broad, multifaceted, contextualized and differentiated treatment of the main theoretical aspects that make up the «duty» of workers' participation in Cuban state organizations management. The comparative analysis allowed stating the fact that besides of the economic, sociopolitical and ideological differences, there is a certain match on the «worker’s participation» keyword treatment provided by the legal and normative Cuban system and the specialized world-level bibliography that studies the subject.

Resumen En el presente artículo se indaga sobre la relación entre la migración y la política en Estados Unidos durante el período de 2000-2020. En específico, se examina el volumen de detenciones en función del partido gobernante a nivel estatal, a la vista de distintos eventos coyunturales y procesos socioeconómicos, con los datos del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional de Estados Unidos, por agencia participante. En cada apartado, distintas interrogantes guían la investigación: en primer lugar, ¿quiénes arrestan a inmigrantes en Estados Unidos?; en segundo, ¿qué agencia realiza más arrestos de indocumentados? y ¿dónde ocurren más arrestos, en la frontera o en el interior?; en tercer lugar, ¿qué papel juegan los gobiernos estatales según su afiliación política demócrata o republicana? Las tendencias principales y las diferencias se presentan en las conclusiones.

Abstract This article investigates the relationship between migration and politics in the United States during the period 2000-2020. Specifically, detention figures are examined in relation to the ruling party at the state level, in the context of different conjunctural events and socioeconomic processes, using data from the United States Department of Homeland Security, by participating agency. Different questions guide the investigation in each section: first, who apprehends immigrants in the United States?; Second, which agency makes the most apprehensions of undocumented immigrants?, and where do the largest number of apprehensions take place, at the border or inside the country?; Third, what role do state governments play depending on their political affiliation, Democrat or Republican? Main trends and differences are presented in the conclusions.

Abstract Introduction: México has a high rate of teenage pregnancy, which symbolizes a risk to the health and socio-economic development of this group. The prevention of a second pregnancy at this stage is relevant to improve quality of life. Objective: To explore the social representations of prenatal contraceptive counseling based on the experiences and expectations of pregnant adolescents and health providers in a second level care hospital. Methodology: Qualitative study based on Serge Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory with ten primiparous adolescents in any quarter of pregnancy and seven health providers, adolescents without pregnancy condition were excluded. We used semi-structured interviews recorded and analyzed in their integrity through fluctuating reading by two researchers, the discourse of the proposed thematic axes was contrasted. Integrity, confidentiality, and autonomy were respected. Results: The realities represented by adolescents showed a need for knowledge, values, respect, kindness, and patience. Providers evoked paternalistic counseling, but with recognition of focused counseling and reproductive rights. Conclusion: More participants stated that the ideal time to receive counseling is during pregnancy, since pregnant adolescents expressed the need to receive information and have more time lapse between their pregnancies. The expectations of the Prenatal Contraceptive Counseling (CAP by its acronym in Spanish) differed in terms of values to give rise to a paternalistic attitude on the part of the health provider and the preference of adolescents for counseling based on respect, honesty, and trust, among others.

Abstrato Introdução: O México tem um alto índice de gravidez na adolescência, o que simboliza um risco para a saúde e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico desse grupo. A prevenção de uma segunda gravidez nesta fase é relevante para melhorar sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Explorar as representações sociais do aconselhamento contraceptivo pré-natal a partir das experiências e expectativas de gestantes adolescentes e profissionais de saúde em um segundo nível de atenção hospitalar. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo baseado na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici com dez adolescentes primíparas em qualquer trimestre da gravidez e sete profissionais de saúde; foram excluídas as adolescentes sem condições de gravidez. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas e analisadas em sua integridade por meio da leitura flutuante de dois pesquisadores, contrastando o discurso dos eixos temáticos propostos. Integridade, confidencialidade e autonomia foram respeitadas. Resultados: As realidades representadas pelos adolescentes mostraram necessidade de conhecimento, valores, respeito, gentileza e paciência. Os prestadores evocaram aconselhamento paternalista, más com reconhecimento de aconselhamento focado e direitos reprodutivos. Conclusão: Um número maior de participantes afirmou que o momento ideal para receber aconselhamento é durante a gravidez, pois as adolescentes grávidas expressaram a necessidade de receber informações e de ter mais tempo entre as gestações. As expectativas da aconselhamento contraceptivo pré-natal (CAP, na sigla em espanhol) diferiram quanto aos valores para dar lugar a uma atitude paternalista por parte do provedor de saúde e a preferência das adolescentes por uma assessoria baseada no respeito, honestidade, confiança, entre outros

Resumen Introducción: México presenta una tasa elevada de embarazo adolescente lo que simboliza un riesgo a la salud y desarrollo socioeconómico de este grupo. La prevención de un segundo embarazo en esta etapa es relevante para mejorar su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Explorar las representaciones sociales de la consejería anticonceptiva prenatal a partir de las experiencias y expectativas de adolescentes gestantes y proveedores de salud en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales de Serge Moscovici con diez adolescentes primíparas en cualquier trimestre de embarazo y siete proveedores de salud, se excluyeron adolescentes sin condición de embarazo. Se utilizó entrevista semiestructurada grabadas y analizadas en su integridad mediante lectura fluctuante realizada por dos investigadores, se contrastó el discurso de los ejes temáticos propuesto. Se respetó la integridad, confidencialidad y autonomía. Resultados: Las realidades representadas por las adolescentes mostraron necesidad de conocimientos, valores, respeto, amabilidad y paciencia. Los proveedores evocaron una consejería paternalista, pero con reconocimiento de una consejería focalizada y derechos reproductivos. Conclusión: Las experiencias similares de los participantes fueron que el momento ideal para recibir la consejería es durante el embarazo, en virtud de que las adolescentes embarazadas manifestaron necesidad de recibir información y espaciar sus embarazos. Las expectativas de la consejería anticonceptiva prenatal difirieron en los valores para dar lugar a una actitud paternalista por parte del proveedor de salud y la preferencia de las adolescentes por una consejería basada en el respeto, honestidad, confianza, entre otros.

Resumen Introducción: el dengue es una enfermedad endémica en el municipio de San José del Guaviare. En el 2010, el 2014, el 2018 y el 2022 se registraron epidemias. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser endémico, este no cuenta con una focalización que permita priorizar acciones. Objetivo: estratificar el riesgo de dengue en el municipio de San José del Guaviare en 2022, mediante el uso de variables epidemiológicas, entomológicas, socioeconómicas y ambientales para la planificación de acciones de prevención y control. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se categorizó el nivel de riesgo para dengue de los barrios del municipio, integrando la persistencia e incidencia acumulada de dengue, índice pupal de Aedes aegypti, estrato socioeconómico y acceso de agua potable. La categorización de cada una de las variables se realizó por terciles, se calcularon medidas de tendencia central (promedio, mediana). Para su análisis la información fue procesada y organizadas en tablas y cartografía de riesgo. Resultados: en la variable entomológica, el 43,5% (10/23) de los barrios presentaron un alto índice de pupas Aedes aegypti. En la variable epidemiológica, el 52,3% (23/44) de los barrios se categorizaron en alta transmisión. En la variable ambiental, el 76,2% (32/42) de los barrios se categorizaron en nivel de riesgo medio. Según la variable socioeconómica, el 83,3% (35/42) de los barrios se categorizaron en riesgo alto. Al integrar las variables analizadas, los barrios se categorizaron para la transmisión de dengue en: riesgo muy alto 23,4% (11/47), riesgo alto 31,9% (15/47), riesgo medio 8,5% (4/47) y riesgo bajo 34,0% (16/47). Conclusiones: en la integración final de riesgo aquellos barrios que se clasificaron en muy alto y alto riesgo para la transmisión de dengue, se deben focalizar las acciones de control, promoción y prevención del municipio. Igualmente, se debe continuar con la estratificación en períodos estacionales por cambios en las condiciones ecológicas del vector y dinámicas de transmisión.

Background Dengue is an endemic disease in this municipality, epidemics were recorded in 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022. Despite being endemic, it does not have a focus that allows prioritizing actions. The objective of this research was to stratify the risk of dengue in the municipality of San José del Guaviare in 2022, through the use of epidemiological, entomological, socioeconomic and environmental variables for the planning of prevention and control actions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The level of risk for dengue in the neighborhoods of the municipality was categorized, integrating the persistence and cumulative incidence of dengue, Aedes aegypti pupal index, socioeconomic stratum, and access to drinking water. The categorization of each of the variables was carried out by tertiles, measures of central tendency (mean, median) were calculated. For its analysis, the information was processed and organized into tables and risk cartography. Results: In the entomological variable, 43.5% (10/23) of the neighborhoods had a high rate of Aedes aegypti pupae. In the epidemiological variable, 52.3% (23/44) of the neighborhoods were categorized as having high transmission. In the environmental variable, 76.2% (32/42) of the neighborhoods were categorized as a medium risk level. According to the socioeconomic variable, 83.3% (35/42) of the neighborhoods were categorized as high risk. By integrating the variables analyzed, the neighborhoods were categorized for dengue transmission as: very high risk 23.4% (11/47), high risk 31.9% (15/47), medium risk 8.5% (4 /47) and low risk 34.0% (16/47). Conclusions: In the final integration of risk, those neighborhoods that were classified as very high and high risk for dengue transmission should focus on the control, promotion and prevention actions of the municipality. Continue with the stratification in seasonal periods due to changes in the ecological conditions of the vector and transmission dynamics.

Abstract Objectives: Age at menarche (MA) is a proxy for biological maturation and a parameter of socioeconomic changes. Worldwide, anticipation of menarche is associated with nutritional transition and excess weight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MA in Amazonian students and its association with nutritional status, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,017 students aged 6 to 17 living in the city of Manaus, Brazil. MA was analyzed by status quo and recall; its association with body mass index (BMI), race, socioeconomic status, and adult height was examined. Results: 559 (51.9%) participants had already experienced menarche. In 91.7%, menarche occurred between 10 and 14 years of age; the mean age at the onset of menarche was 11.9 years. Overweight (11.6 years) and obese (11.4 years) participants reached menarche earlier than those with normal weight (12 years) and lean (12.7 years) participants. The associations between MA and nutritional status showed that overweight and obesity are risk factors for the early occurrence of menarche. MA was not associated with socioeconomic status/parental education or race. However, excess weight was associated with earlier MA in all races and social classes. The adult height was slightly lower in girls with menarche before 12 years old (157.9 vs 159.4 cm). Conclusion: Regardless of socioeconomic level or ethnicity, excess weight was associated with earlier menarche in Amazonian students. Objectives (MA changes Worldwide ethnicity Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 1017 1 017 1,01 Manaus Brazil recall BMI, BMI , (BMI) race examined Results 55 51.9% 519 51 9 (51.9% 917 91 7 91.7% 119 11 11. 11.6 116 (11. 11.4 114 4 (1 12.7 127 (12. statusparental parental However classes 157.9 1579 157 (157. 1594 159 159. cm. cm . cm) Conclusion 101 01 1,0 (BMI 5 51.9 (51.9 91.7 (11 ( 12. 157. 15 (157 0 1, 51. (51. 91. (15 (51 (5

Climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) agendas converge in their priorities to reduce social vulnerability and enhance resilience in the face of climate change. However, they are often treated separately in practice and in local government plans. In South Africa, while municipalities are legally mandated to develop Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) and Disaster Management Plans (DMPs), this is not the case for CCA. In this study, we assessed the engagement with, and linkages between, CCA and DRR in 20 local municipalities from contrasting socio-economic contexts in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa by conducting an analysis of their IDPs, DMPs and any plans or strategies pertaining to CCA. Our results show that none of the municipalities had separate CCA strategies, with only two municipalities complying with the mandate to have DMPs. While municipalities mostly included CCA- and DRR-related activities in their IDPs, there were no explicit linkages made between the two approaches. Apparent was the prioritisation of bolstering infrastructure with little attention towards addressing social vulnerability and building resilience. Overall, little has been done to prioritise or link CCA and DRR at the local government level, especially in the context of addressing social vulnerability and building resilience. These findings suggest the need for South Africa to implement and promulgate legal instruments, policies and resources to capacitate local municipalities in mainstreaming and integrating CCA and DRR. SIGNIFICANCE: • This study highlights that, while CCA and DRR converge in theoretical frameworks and international and national policies, little has been done to link the two at the local government level in South Africa. • Overall, findings indicate that social vulnerability reduction and resilience building are still not recognised as important aspects of CCA and DRR. • Local municipalities prioritise technical solutions and infrastructure maintenance, with little attention to development and structural causes of vulnerability. • Support, in terms of resources, is needed to capacitate local municipalities in (1) linking CCA and DRR and (2) reducing social vulnerability and building resilience.

BACKGROUND: Despite inpatient rehabilitation many stroke survivors struggle with community reintegration on returning home. The environment to which the stroke survivor returns affects and may limit participation in home and community-based activities. AIM: To describe stroke survivors' lived experiences of the environmental barriers and facilitators to community reintegration in an under resourced urban metropolitan sub-district in the Western Cape, South Africa. METHODS: A descriptive, qualitative study design with a phenomenological emphasis used semi-structured interviews to collect the data from purposefully selected stroke survivors who had been discharged for more than one year following inpatient rehabilitation. Supporting data were collected from interviews with two occupational therapists providing rehabilitation services to the stroke survivors. Deductive priori coding of semi-structured interviews with 11 stroke survivors, based on the environment subsystems described in the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model explored the barriers and facilitators to their community reintegration. FINDINGS: Of the six environmental sub systems in the PEOP model the systems and policy, access to information and health education, social determinants of health in the form of poor rehabilitation planning and loss of income as well as the built and natural environment presented the greatest barriers to the stroke survivor participants' community reintegration. However, reintegration was facilitated by social support and social capital, social determinants of health in the form of support groups as well as assistive technologies. CONCLUSION: Community reintegration continues to be a challenge for stroke survivors in an under-resourced urban sub-district due to environmental barriers associated with factors such as poor social support, inadequate implementation of policies and systems, poor compliance with home programmes, low socioeconomic status, poor access within the built and natural environment and inappropriate assistive devices. Several facilitators that occupational therapists can focus on to enable community reintegration included ensuring effective social support, access to community-based organisations, the introduction of home visits and provision of appropriate assistive devices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE All stroke survivors must receive a comprehensive discharge plan to facilitate adequate access to continued rehabilitation and support for successful community reintegration. • There must be a specific referral to primary health care rehabilitation services on discharge from hospital. • Occupational therapists at community level have the responsibility to: o advocate for, or assist stroke survivors to self-advocate, the removal of inter-sectoral environmental barriers that limit their community reintegration and community participation, o where possible provide services in the home and involve midlevel workers when conducting home visits to enable successful reintegration into the home and resumption of occupational roles where possible, o look to other resources in their community that can assist in facilitating the community reintegration of stroke survivors to enable access to health, education, productive activities, and social and leisure participation opportunities, o improve their collaboration with the communities that they service.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de los determinantes sociales de la salud en la resistencia antibiótica, en los países de América Latina. Metodología: Estudio documental de tipo revisión sistemática, con análisis interpretativo de la información, se incluyeron a artículos publicados entre 2018 y 2023 de las bases de datos: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Dialnet, Google académico, BVS, LilaCs, Scielo, Epistemonikos, CUIDEN, TripDatabase, BASE Search, Jurn, WorldWideScience, Refseek, Redalyc, EbscoHost y CONRICYT; en los idiomas español, inglés y portugués, que tuvieran como población comunidades y países de América Latina; se excluyeron aquellos con enfoque veterinario o agropecuario. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 4,625 en la búsqueda inicial y posterior a la aplicación de criterios de selección, se analizaron 28 artículos analizó la calidad metodológica, la bibliometría y el análisis temático a través de la interpretación de la información contenida. Conclusión: Los determinantes sociales de la salud estructurales asociados con la resistencia antimicrobiana fueron las políticas públicas, el género, los factores macroeconómicos, el nivel socioeconómico familiar, educativo y la gobernanza.

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the influence of social determinants of health on antibiotic resistance in Latin American countries. Methodology: Systematic review type documentary study with interpretive analysis of the information, articles published between 2018 and 2023 from the following databases were included: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Dialnet, Google scholar, BVS, LilaCs, SciELO, Epistemonikos, CUIDEN, TripDatabase, BASE Search, Jurn, WorldWideScience, Refseek, Redalyc, EbscoHost and CONRICYT; in the Spanish, English and Portuguese languages, which had Latin American communities and countries as their population; Those with a veterinary or agricultural focus were excluded. Results: 4,625 were obtained in the initial search and after the application of selection criteria, 28 articles were analyzed that analyzed the methodological quality, bibliometrics and thematic analysis through the interpretation of the information contained. Conclusion: The social determinants of structural health associated with antimicrobial resistance were public policies, gender, macroeconomic factors, family socioeconomic level, education, and governance.

Abstract The work seeks to evaluate the geographical accessibility to family doctors by older adults in Argentina affiliated with the National Institute of Social Services for Retirees and Pensioners (INSSJyP) in an intermediate city. Geographical accessibility measures between affiliates and physicians, and coverage areas were calculated. Affiliates are, on average, 1,000 meters from the nearest GP and there are areas where members are far from the offer. Likewise, the average distance to the nearest doctor is greater for affiliates who live in census radio of lower socio-economic level.

Resumen El trabajo busca evaluar la accesibilidad geográfica a los médicos de cabecera por parte de las personas mayores en la Argentina afiliados al Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJyP) en una ciudad intermedia de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Bahía Blanca). Se calcularon medidas de accesibilidad geográfica entre afiliados y médicos, y, áreas de cobertura. Los afiliados se encuentran, en promedio, a 1000 metros del médico de cabecera más cercano y se evidencian áreas en las cuales los afiliados quedan muy alejados de la oferta. Asimismo, la distancia promedio al médico más próximo es mayor para los afiliados que viven en radios censales de menor nivel socioeconómico.

Abstract (Introduction) The mountainous region of the Central Pacific of Costa Rica, currently made up mostly of the cantons of Turrubares, Puriscal and Mora, and to a lesser extent by the southwest of Acosta, was one of the most deforested areas since colonial times. (Objective) To comprehensively analyze the historical, socioeconomic, geo-climatic and ecological factors that possibly favored the logging exploitation of the forests of that region. (Methodology) The historical documents, and the geo-climatic, ecological and socioeconomic factors of the region were reviewed. In addition, a census was carried out among forestry professionals and industrialists to determine the timber species possibly extracted from the forests based on the floristic composition of protected forest areas in the region. (Results) The mountainous region was a transit and settlement site for Spanish colonists since the 16th century, which facilitated the development of access roads. Its proximity to the Central Valley, which needed forest and agricultural products for the growing urban area, together with the existence of an ecological convergence zone extraordinarily rich in trees of commercial importance, greatly facilitated the extraction of forest products. (Conclusion) The early colonization of the region, the existence of infrastructure, high demand for forest products at the national and international level, and the availability of forest resources in an area where the tropical dry forest, the cloud forest and the humid forest converge, and the edaphoclimatic conditions that also facilitated the development of agricultural crops, favored the change in land use and therefore the forestry exploitation of the region.

Resumen: (Introducción) La región montañosa del Pacífico Central de Costa Rica, actualmente conformada, en su mayoría, por los cantones de Turrubares, Puriscal y Mora, y, en menor extensión, por el suroeste de Acosta, fue una de las zonas más deforestada desde tiempos coloniales. (Objetivo) Analizar integralmente los factores históricos, socioeconómicos, geoclimáticos y ecológicos que posiblemente favorecieron la explotación maderera de los bosques de esa región. (Metodología) Se revisaron los documentos históricos, y los factores geoclimáticos, ecológicos y socioeconómicos de la región. Además, se realizó un censo entre profesionales e industriales de la madera para determinar las especies maderables eventualmente extraídas de los bosques, basado en composición florística de zonas de bosque protegidas de la región. (Resultados) La región montañosa fue sitio de paso y asentamiento de los colonos españoles desde el siglo XVI, lo que facilitó el desarrollo de caminos de acceso. Su cercanía al Valle Central, que necesitó productos forestales y agrícolas para la creciente zona urbana, unido a la existencia de una zona de convergencia ecológica extraordinariamente rica en árboles de importancia comercial, facilitó, en mucho, la extracción de productos forestales. (Conclusión) La colonización temprana de la región, la existencia de infraestructura, alta demanda de productos forestales en el ámbito nacional e internacional, y la disponibilidad de recursos forestales en una zona donde convergen el bosque seco tropical, el bosque nuboso y el bosque húmedo tropical, y las condiciones edafoclimáticas que facilitaron también el desarrollo de cultivos agrícolas, favorecieron posiblemente el cambio de uso del suelo y, por ende, la explotación forestal de la región.

Abstract This study analyzed the prevalence of complete neonatal screening (CNS) of children aged under 2 years in Brazil and associated factors using data from the 2013 (n=4,442) and 2019 (n=5,643) national health surveys. We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare prevalence of CNS (eye, ear and heel prick tests) adopting 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and a 5% significance level. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression was performed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI to assess the association between socioeconomic, demographic and health variables and CNS. There was a statistically significant increase in CNS prevalence, from 49.2% (95%CI: 47.1-51.3) in 2013 to 67.4% (95%CI: 65.5-69.3) in 2019. However, large disparities persist across states and between sociodemographic groups. In both years, CNS prevalence was lowest among brown and black children, those from families in the three lowest income quintiles, children without health insurance, those from families registered in the Family Health Strategy and children living in the North, cities outside the state capital/metropolitan regions and rural areas. Despite the increase in prevalence of CNS, deep individual and contextual inequalities persist, posing challenges for health policies. (CNS 201 n=4,442 n4442 n 4 442 (n=4,442 n=5,643 n5643 5 643 (n=5,643 surveys crosssectional cross sectional eye, eye (eye tests 95 95CI CI (95%CI level PR (PR socioeconomic 492 49 49.2 47.151.3 471513 47.1 51.3 47 1 51 3 47.1-51.3 674 67 67.4 65.569.3 655693 65.5 69.3 65 69 65.5-69.3 However groups quintiles insurance North capitalmetropolitan capital metropolitan areas policies 20 n=4,44 n444 44 (n=4,44 n=5,64 n564 64 (n=5,64 9 49. 151 47.151. 47151 471 47. 513 51. 47.1-51. 6 67. 569 65.569. 65569 655 65. 693 69. 65.5-69. n=4,4 n44 (n=4,4 n=5,6 n56 (n=5,6 15 47.151 4715 47.1-51 56 65.569 6556 65.5-69 n=4, n4 (n=4, n=5, n5 (n=5, 47.15 47.1-5 65.56 65.5-6 n=4 (n=4 n=5 (n=5 47.1- 65.5- n= (n= (n

Resumo Analisou-se a prevalência e fatores associados à realização da Triagem Neonatal Completa (TNC) entre crianças (<2 anos de idade) no Brasil incluídas na Pesquisa Nacional Saúde 2013 (n=4.442) e 2019 (n=5.643). Estudo transversal comparou as estimativas de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) da TNC (testes do olhinho, orelhinha e pezinho). Diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significante ao nível de 5%. Regressões de Poisson bruta e ajustada foram realizadas para estimar Razões de Prevalência (RP) e IC95% para a associação das variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e de saúde com a TNC. Verificou-se aumento estatisticamente significante da TNC: 67,4% (IC95%: 65,5-69,3) em 2019, ante 49,2% (IC95%: 47,1-51,3) em 2013. Porém, ainda existem desigualdades e defasagens entre os estados da federação e variáveis sociodemográficas. Entre os anos, a TNC foi menor nas crianças de cor/raça parda e preta, dos três piores quintis de renda, sem plano de saúde, cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, da região norte, de cidades do interior e da zona rural do Brasil. Apesar de o aumento da prevalência de TNC, desigualdades e defasagens individuais e contextuais permaneceram, indicando os desafios das políticas de saúde. Analisouse Analisou se (TNC <2 2 (< idade 201 n=4.442 n4442 n 4 442 (n=4.442 n=5.643. n5643 n=5.643 . 5 643 (n=5.643) 95 IC95 IC (IC95% testes olhinho pezinho. pezinho pezinho) 5% RP (RP socioeconômicas Verificouse Verificou 674 67 67,4 65,569,3 655693 65,5 69,3 65 69 3 65,5-69,3 492 49 49,2 47,151,3 471513 47,1 51,3 47 1 51 47,1-51,3 Porém sociodemográficas corraça cor raça preta renda Família norte permaneceram < ( 20 n=4.44 n444 44 (n=4.44 n564 n=5.64 64 (n=5.643 9 IC9 (IC95 6 67, 569 65,569, 65569 655 65, 693 69, 65,5-69, 49, 151 47,151, 47151 471 47, 513 51, 47,1-51, n=4.4 n44 (n=4.4 n56 n=5.6 (n=5.64 (IC9 56 65,569 6556 65,5-69 15 47,151 4715 47,1-51 n=4. n4 (n=4. n5 n=5. (n=5.6 (IC 65,56 65,5-6 47,15 47,1-5 n=4 (n=4 n=5 (n=5. 65,5- 47,1- n= (n= (n=5 (n

Abstract. This study shows persistence socioeconomic family level and parental education as elements that determine academic achievement in Mexico, among other reasons, due to the inequality that prevails in this country. These elements are not in students control and their influence occurs mainly in basic education. The study was made through documentary analysis of reports National Plan for the Evaluation of Learning. The findings show that these elements influence students’ scores, regardless of discipline, level or school grade; these findings corroborate corresponding research. Policies and programs to address educational quality and equity challenges have underused these reports. It is necessary to analyze these sources because help to learn more about educational processes and to find alternatives for the educational policies.

Resumen. En este artículo se muestra la persistencia del nivel socioeconómico de la familia y la escolaridad de los padres como elementos que condicionan el logro académico en México, entre otras razones, por la desigualdad que impera en el país. Esos elementos están fuera del control de los estudiantes e influyen en su desempeño, principalmente en la educación básica. El trabajo se realizó mediante un análisis documental de los reportes de las pruebas del Plan Nacional para la Evaluación de los Aprendizajes. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los elementos mencionados influyen en los puntajes obtenidos por los estudiantes, sin importar disciplina, nivel o grado escolar. Estos hallazgos corroboran lo que ha mostrado la investigación correspondiente. Las políticas y los programas para atender los desafíos de calidad y equidad educativas han subutilizado ese tipo de reportes, por lo que es recomendable estudiar estos insumos para conocer más sobre los procesos educativos y delinear alternativas para la acción pública.

Abstract: This work studies social mobility by gender at the regional and state level in Mexico. Two surveys designed to measure social mobility in Mexico are used, the 2016 Module of Intergenerational Social Mobility (Módulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional) and the 2017 ESRU Social Mobility Survey (Encuesta ESRU de Movilidad Social). An index of socioeconomic status is constructed both for the current household (children) and the household of origin (parents) based on retrospective questions from when the respondent was 14 years old. Using rank-rank regressions, we find that at the national level, women have lower intergenerational persistence and lower expected rank than men. At the regional and state level, those results are not so statistically clear. In the lower end of the socioeconomic distribution, expected ranks are approximately the same across states; however, at the upper end, it is observed that men have higher expected ranks than women in 13 states.

Resumen: Este trabajo estudia la movilidad social por género a nivel regional y en las entidades federativas de México. Se utilizan dos encuestas diseñadas para medir la movilidad social en el país, el Módulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional 2016 y la Encuesta ESRU de Movilidad Social en México 2017. Se construye un índice de estatus socioeconómico en el hogar actual (hijos) y en el hogar de origen (padres), con base en preguntas retrospectivas cuando la o el respondente tenían 14 años. Por medio de una regresión rango-rango se encuentra que, a nivel nacional, las mujeres tienen menor persistencia intergeneracional y menor movilidad social esperada que los hombres. A nivel regional y por entidad federativa esos resultados no son tan claros estadísticamente. En la parte baja de la distribución socioeconómica, la movilidad esperada es aproximadamente la misma entre entidades; sin embargo, en la parte alta se observa que los hombres tienen una mayor movilidad social esperada que las mujeres en 13 entidades federativas.