RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes com osteogênese imperfeita (OI). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 30 crianças e adolescentes com OI. Foram avaliados prontuários médicos, uso de bisfosfonatos, características socioeconômicas, dinamometria de preensão palmar, equilíbrio, hipermobilidade articular, nível de deambulação e escores do Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT). Os dados foram apresentados em média e desvio padrão e comparados por teste t por Mann-Whitney, enquanto os categóricos foram apresentados em frequência e comparados pelo teste exato de Fisher. Análises intragrupos foram realizadas por análise de covariância (ANCOVA) ou Teste de Wilcoxon para postos sinalizados. O teste Tau-b de Kendall foi usado para correlações. Resultados: A idade variou de 6 a 18 anos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a gravidade da doença. Casos moderados/graves (n=10) apresentaram menor estatura e força muscular comparadas às dos leves (n=20). Fraqueza muscular foi observada em todos os casos de OI quando comparados à população normal. Não houve diferença nos domínios do PEDI-CAT com exceção do domínio mobilidade. Houve correlação entre o número de fraturas, tipo de OI, peso e equilíbrio e o domínio mobilidade; e entre os domínios Atividades Diárias e Mobilidade e Responsabilidade e Social/cognitivo do PEDI-CAT. Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que crianças com OI moderada/severa podem atingir o mesmo nível de funcionalidade que crianças com a forma leve. Fraturas podem ter grande influência no nível de funcionalidade e o tratamento deve enfocar a prevenção e a reabilitação desses eventos. Objetivo . (OI) Métodos 3 médicos bisfosfonatos socioeconômicas palmar articular PEDICAT. PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT) MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney Fisher ANCOVA (ANCOVA sinalizados Taub Tau b correlações Resultados 1 anos doença moderadosgraves moderados graves n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) normal mobilidade fraturas Socialcognitivo Social cognitivo CAT. Conclusões moderadasevera moderada severa leve eventos (OI (PEDI-CAT n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 children and adolescents with OI. Medical records, use of bisphosphonates, socioeconomic status, handgrip strength, balance, joint hypermobility, ambulatory level, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT) scores were assessed. Data is presented as mean and standard deviation and Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical data is presented as frequency and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Within-group analyses were conducted using ANCOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations used Kendall’s Tau-b test. Results: The participants involved in this study were 6–18 years old. The sample was separated into two groups according to disease severity. The moderate/severe OI group (n=10) presented a lower height and muscular strength than the mild group (n=20). Muscle weakness was observed in all participants with OI when compared with the normal population. No differences were observed between the groups in the PEDI-CAT scores except for the mobility domain. There were correlations between the PEDI-CAT mobility domain and the number of fractures, OI type, weight, and balance; there was also a correlation between the PEDI-CAT daily activities, mobility, responsibility, and social/cognitive domains. Conclusions: The findings suggest that children with moderate/severe forms of OI can achieve the same function levels as children with mild OI. Fractures can have a major influence on the functional level, and treatment should focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of these events when they occur. Objective . (OI) Methods crosssectional cross sectional 3 records bisphosphonates status balance hypermobility level InventoryComputer Inventory Computer PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT assessed Students Student s ttest t test MannWhitney Mann Whitney Fishers Fisher Withingroup Within signedrank signed rank Kendalls Kendall Taub Tau b Results 618 6 18 6–1 old severity moderatesevere moderate severe n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) population fractures type weight activities responsibility socialcognitive social cognitive domains Conclusions occur (OI 61 1 6– n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

ABSTRACT Purpose: Although Brazil has a high prevalence of retinoblastoma, there is a lack of epidemiological data on the disease. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma in the ophthalmology department of a pediatric tertiary referral hospital in Ceara, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted by retrospectively analyzing the clinical and socioeconomic data from the medical records of pediatric patients followed-up at the hospital between 2007 and 2021. Retinoblastoma was diagnosed on the basis of a fundoscopic or histopathologic examination. Results: The data of 105 patients were included in the study, and the mean patient age at the time of diagnosis was 1.7 years. Most of the patients were women (50.5%) and hailed from rural areas (57.4%), which was associated with a higher tumor stage. Of the 150 patients, 57.1% initially presented with leukocoria. Ocular hyperemia was associated with more advanced stages of retinoblastoma (p=0.004). Bilateral involvement was observed in 25.7% of the patients and at a significantly younger age (p=0.009). The presence of retinal detachment, vascularized lesions, and vitreous seeds significantly increased the likelihood of requiring enucleation. Discussion: This study presents an epidemiological description of retinoblastoma in Brazil, which highlights the significance of early detection. Delayed diagnosis is associated with a poorer visual prognosis and higher mortality rate, particularly in patients with unilateral disease. Risk factors for a more severe disease were retinal detachment, vascularized lesions, and vitreous seeds. The correlation between histopathological features and clinical outcomes was limited. Conclusion: Further studies are required to assess the influence of ocular hyperemia, fundoscopic assessment, and histopathologic findings on the prognosis of retinoblastoma. Moreover, it is critical to devise interventions to reduce the time-to-diagnosis in rural areas. Purpose Thus Ceara Methods crosssectional cross sectional followedup followed up 200 2021 examination Results 10 17 1 7 1. years 50.5% 505 50 5 (50.5% 57.4%, 574 57.4% , 57 4 (57.4%) stage 15 571 57.1 leukocoria p=0.004. p0004 p p=0.004 . 0 004 (p=0.004) 257 25 25.7 p=0.009. p0009 p=0.009 009 (p=0.009) detachment lesions enucleation Discussion detection rate limited Conclusion assessment Moreover timetodiagnosis 20 202 50.5 (50.5 57.4 (57.4% 57. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 2 25. (p=0.009 50. (50. (57.4 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 (50 (57. p0 p=0. (p=0.0 (5 (57 p=0 (p=0. ( p= (p=0 (p= (p

What motivates voters to support candidates with backgrounds in public security for Brazil’s National Congress, the so-called Law & Order (L&O) politicians? The 2018 elections witnessed a surge in parliamentarians from police and military backgrounds and the election of a president closely aligned with this agenda. We explore whether this trend correlates with municipal-level violence indicators and the presence of municipal capacity in the security sector, employing various regression models that account for socioeconomic, demographic, political, and geographic factors. Our findings from the additive model reveal a negative association between the level of violence and votes for L&O candidates. This suggests a potential disconnection between fear, victimization, and support for repressive policies, while also indicating that local capacity in the security sector tend to enhance L&O candidates’ performance. However, our model incorporating the interaction between both variables uncovers that violence exacerbates the negative impact on L&O voting when the city has capacity in the security sector. This may reflect a municipal-level preference for preventive measures, particularly in more violent areas, which contrasts with the generally repressive stance of L&O candidates. Brazils Brazil s Congress socalled so called LO L O (L&O politicians 201 agenda municipallevel socioeconomic demographic political factors fear victimization policies performance However measures areas 20 2

ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the social determinants of health in Angola. This is a documentary, exploratory and quantitative research, carried out with data from the 2015-2016 Multiple Indicators and Health Survey in Angola. The analyzed variables were: access to drinking water sources; appropriate sanitary facilities; access to electricity; educational level; access to jobs; child mortality rate; prenatal consultations; and vaccination coverage. It was observed that 45.2% of households do not have access to adequate water sources for drinking; 52.9% use inappropriate sanitation facilities, mainly in rural areas; 31% of men aged 15 to 49 were unemployed; 42% of households had access to electricity; 22% of women and 8% of men aged 15 to 49 have never attended school; the estimated infant mortality rate was 44 deaths for every 1000 live births; 44.1% of pregnant women with lower socioeconomic status did not undergo any prenatal consultation; 18.3% of children aged 12 to 23 months and 21% aged 24 to 35 months did not receive any vaccine. It is concluded that there are large gaps in access to social determinants of health, highlighting the need for government efforts in partnership with international organizations to improve the population’s health conditions.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar os fatores determinantes sociais da saúde em Angola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, exploratória e quantitativa, realizada com dados do Inquérito de Indicadores Múltiplos e de Saúde 2015-2016 de Angola. Foram analisadas as variáveis: acesso a fontes de água para beber; instalações sanitárias apropriadas; acesso à eletricidade; nível educacional; acesso a empregos; taxa de mortalidade infantil; consultas pré-natais; e cobertura vacinal. Observou-se que 45,2% dos agregados familiares não têm acesso a fontes de água apropriada para beber; 52,9% utiliza instalações sanitárias não apropriadas, principalmente nas áreas rurais; 31% dos homens de 15 a 49 anos estavam desempregados; 42% dos agregados familiares possuíam acesso à eletricidade; 22% das mulheres e 8% dos homens de 15 a 49 anos nunca frequentaram a escola; a estimativa da taxa de mortalidade infantil foi de 44 mortes para cada 1000 nascidos-vivos; 44,1% das gestantes com menor nível socioeconômico não realizaram nenhuma consulta pré-natal; 18,3% das crianças de 12 a 23 meses e 21% de 24 a 35 meses não receberam nenhuma vacina. Conclui-se que existem grandes lacunas no acesso a determinantes sociais da saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de esforços governamentais em parceria com organismos internacionais para melhorar as condições de saúde da população.

Resumen: La cuenca binacional del río Zarumilla es un lugar con gran diversidad de especies y es de gran importancia para la economía de Perú y Ecuador. Estos factores socioeconómicos pueden traer consigo cambios en la distribución de las coberturas del suelo, los cuales afectan de manera negativa los ecosistemas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los cambios de cobertura y uso de suelo durante el periodo 1992-2022 y construir una proyección al año 2040 siguiendo las tendencias de uso actuales y su patrón histórico. Se usaron mapas de cobertura y uso de suelo de los años 1992 y 2022, así como información georreferenciada que fue usada para encontrar los factores condicionantes para el cambio de suelo. El modelo de prospección se basó en la implementación de cadenas de Markov y autómatas celulares usando factores condicionantes para construir una proyección más precisa. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan una pérdida neta de 11378 hectáreas de bosque durante el periodo 1992-2022, ocurriendo el 87.7% de esta pérdida en el lado ecuatoriano de la cuenca. A este ritmo se puede prospectar una pérdida de bosque de 10552 hectáreas para el periodo 2022-2040, de igual manera prevista principalmente en el lado ecuatoriano. El modelo prospectivo también resalta que los principales cambios se producirán en áreas de baja altitud y en proximidad a fuentes hídricas y carreteras. Esta es una pérdida alarmante de bosque nativo, la cual se puede evitar mediante la creación de políticas de desarrollo sostenible y programas de ordenamiento territorial.

Abstract: The binational basin of the Zarumilla River is a place with great species diversity and is particularly important to the economy of Peru and Ecuador. These socioeconomic factors can lead to changes in land cover distribution, which negatively affect ecosystems. The present study aims to evaluate changes in land cover and use during the period 1992-2022 and to generate a projection for the year 2040 following current usage trends and historical patterns. Land cover and use maps from 1992 and 2022 were used, along with georeferenced information that was employed to identify the conditioning factors for land change. The prospection model was based on the implementation of Markov chains and cellular automata using conditioning factors to build a more accurate projection. The results obtained reflect a net loss of 11378 hectares of forest during the period 1992-2022, with 87.7% of this loss occurring on the Ecuadorian side of the watershed. At this rate, a forest loss of 10552 hectares can be projected for the period 2022-2040, similarly projected mainly on the Ecuadorian side. The projection model also highlights that the main changes will occur in low-altitude areas and in proximity to water sources and roads. This is an alarming loss of native forest, which can be avoided through the creation of sustainable development policies and land-use planning programs.

Abstract Introduction: Bio bays in Puerto Rico play an important socio-economic role and declines in dominant bioluminescent dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense are concerning. Studies show erratic blooms with is weak correlation to in situ environmental factors. Our study examines shorter field and longer proxy records on dinoflagellate density at Laguna Grande de Fajardo (LGF). Objectives: To quantify temporal changes in dinoflagellate density in a long-term monitoring study, understand how the marine environment modulates those changes, and determine the wider impacts of a fluctuating climate and extreme events on proxies for dinoflagellate density. Methods: Bimonthly samples were collected from 2016 to 2021 at three sampling sites in LGF. Dinoflagellates density was estimated by Sedgewick Rafter counting cells. Environmental conditions were obtained from Rio Fajardo 5007100 station and NOAA buoy 41056. Marine climate and biotic proxies were obtained from remote sensing measurements. Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlations and cross-correlations in the shorter field and longer proxy records were used to evaluate environmental controls on LGF dinoflagellate blooms. Results: Six years of field monitoring densities found a low period in 2016-2017, frequent and intense blooms in 2018-2021 punctuated by hurricanes. Generally low values were recorded in late winter in contrast with higher values in late summer (Aug-Nov). Light winds and mixed layer response to seasonal warming in the form of high tides and low salinity, were found to sustain dinoflagellate reproduction. Conclusions: Bioluminescent dinoflagellates are vital to coastal tourism and require resource management. LGF results show that: 1) dinoflagellate counts fluctuate widely, 2) fluorescing dinoflagellates are sensitive to environmental conditions because of limited seasonality and narrow physiological range, 3) hurricanes play a role by ‘raking and refreshing’ the coastal lagoon for subsequent biotic reproduction, and 4) intra-seasonal fluctuations of density and proxies relate to air-sea thermodynamic conditions, the salinity budget and sea level.

Resumen Introducción: Las bahías bioluminiscentes en Puerto Rico desempeñan un papel socioeconómico importante y disminuciones del dinoflagelado bioluminiscente dominante Pyrodinium bahamense son preocupantes. Los estudios muestran proliferaciones erráticas débilmente correlacionadas con factores ambientales locales. Objetivos: Cuantificar cambios en la densidad de dinoflagelados a largo plazo en la Laguna Grande de Fajardo (LGF), comprender cómo el ambiente marino modula esos cambios y determinar los impactos de eventos climáticos extremos en la densidad de dinoflagelados. Métodos: Se recolectaron muestras bimestrales del 2016-2021 en tres sitios de la LGF. La densidad se estimó mediante el conteo de células de Sedgewick Rafter. Condiciones ambientales se obtuvieron de la estación Río Fajardo 5007100 y de la boya NOAA 41056. El clima marino y los indicadores bióticos se obtuvieron por mediciones de teledetección. Se utilizaron correlaciones Kruskal Wallis, Spearman y las correlaciones cruzadas en los registros de campo corto y proxy largos para evaluar los controles ambientales en las proliferaciones de dinoflagelados LGF. Resultados: En seis años de monitoreo se encontraron densidades bajas entre el 2016-2017 y proliferaciones frecuentes e intensas en 2018-2021 marcadas por huracanes. Se registraron valores bajos a finales del invierno, en contraste con valores más altos a finales del verano (agosto-noviembre). Vientos ligeros y la respuesta de capas mixtas al calentamiento estacional en forma de mareas altas y baja salinidad, mantienen la reproducción de los dinoflagelados. Conclusiones: Los dinoflagelados bioluminiscentes son vitales para el turismo costero y requieren manejo de los recursos. En general: 1) los recuentos de dinoflagelados fluctúan ampliamente, 2) los dinoflagelados fluorescentes son sensibles a las condiciones ambientales debido a su estacionalidad limitada y estrecho rango fisiológico, 3) los huracanes juegan un rol de rastrillar y refrescar la laguna costera para su posterior reproducción, y 4) fluctuaciones intra-estacionales se relacionan con las condiciones termodinámicas aire-mar, el balance de salinidad y el nivel del mar.

Abstract Objective. To characterize the geographic distribution of dengue and to evaluate the spatial autocorrelation with social and climatic determinants at the census-tract level in two medium sized cities in northwestern Mexico. Methods. In this work we apply spatial analysis ecological tools, such as the Moran’s Index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) method, to examine global and local spatial correlation between incidence of dengue, with socioeconomic and climatic factors at the census tract-level. For the analysis of the spatial clustering, the Getis-Ord method was used to find statistically significant hot spots in each city. Results. Overall, a global spatial autocorrelation could not be identified, although local clusters of a high dengue incidence, soil surface temperature ≤ 31 °C and high degree of social marginalization coincide. Discussion. We found that at the census-tract level in urban settings, socially disadvantaged populations showed higher clusters of dengue when compared to areas with better socioeconomic conditions. A similar spatial pattern was observed in the two study sites, when considering public health conditions and its aggregation with physical attributes using spatial analysis techniques, supporting the application of this technique for a better understanding about the dengue distribution in urban areas.

Resumen Objetivo. Caracterizar la distribución geográfica de dengue confirmado y evaluar su autocorrelación espacial con determinantes sociales y climáticos a nivel de áreas pequeñas, en dos ciudades del noroeste de México. Métodos. En este trabajo se utilizan herramientas de análisis espacial, como el Índice de Moran y el método de Indicadores Locales de Asociación Espacial (LISA), para examinar la correlación espacial, global y local, entre la incidencia de dengue y factores climáticos y socioeconómicos a nivel de área geoestadística básica (AGEB). Para mapear áreas de alto riesgo, se usó el método de agrupamiento espacial de Getis-Ord. Resultados. En general, no identificamos una autocorrelación espacial global, aunque agrupamientos locales de una alta incidencia de dengue, temperatura de la superficie terrestre ≤31 °C y un alto grado de marginación social, coinciden. Discusión. Encontramos que a nivel de áreas pequeñas urbanas, poblaciones con desventaja social agrupan una mayor carga de dengue comparadas con áreas de mejores condiciones socioeconómicas. En los dos sitios de estudio, se encontraron patrones espaciales similares que correlacionaron problemas de salud y características físicas del medio ambiente utilizando os análisis espaciales, lo que soporta la utilidad de su uso sistemático para entender mejor la distribución urbana del dengue.

Resumen: Desde la década de 1960 en adelante una extensa serie de estudios ha puesto en duda la capacidad de la escuela para igualar los niveles de aprendizaje entre estudiantes de distinto origen social. Pese a la diversidad de programas y políticas que han buscado igualar las diferencias, distintas investigaciones en diversos contextos han encontrado una y otra vez que las diferencias no solo persisten, sino que se reproducen en la escuela. En este artículo se aborda el problema desde una óptica ligeramente diferente: su objetivo es identificar prácticas y actitudes de estudiantes y docentes asociadas a las diferencias de desempeño escolar entre estudiantes de menor nivel económico social en Brasil y Argentina. No se busca comprender los mecanismos que reproducen las diferencias entre estratos, sino aquellos que generan mayores logros relativos en los estudiantes con menos recursos. Se realizó para ello un análisis comparativo de los resultados de las pruebas PISA del 2018 mediante modelos estadísticos multivariados. Este análisis mostró que ciertos factores, como la empatía docente, la motivación y perseverancia estudiantil o las modalidades de estudio se asocian al desempeño. Pero también evidenció que la magnitud de la asociación varía con el contexto. Estos resultados aportan al diseño de políticas educativas que procuren incrementar el desempeño en estratos desfavorecidos, al indicar algunas condiciones que pueden favorecerlo, pero advirtiendo también sobre las dificultades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de manera acrítica

Abstract: Since the 1960s, a vast array of studies has questioned the ability of schools to equalize learning levels among students from different social backgrounds. Despite various programs and policies aimed at reducing these disparities, research in diverse contexts has repeatedly found that not only do these differences persist, but they are also reproduced within the school system. This article approaches the issue from a slightly different perspective: its objective is to identify practices and attitudes of students and teachers that are associated with differences in school performance among students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil and Argentina. The focus is not on understanding the mechanisms that perpetuate differences between social strata, but rather on identifying those that lead to higher relative achievements among students with fewer resources. A comparative analysis of the 2018 PISA test results was conducted using multivariate statistical models. This analysis revealed that certain factors, such as teacher empathy, student motivation and perseverance, and study methods, are associated with academic performance. However, it also showed that the strength of these associations varies depending on the context. These findings contribute to the design of educational policies aimed at improving performance in disadvantaged groups by highlighting conditions that may foster better outcomes, while also cautioning against uncritically extrapolating results across different contexts

Resumo: Desde a década de 1960, uma série de pesquisas tem questionado a capacidade das escolas para igualar os níveis de aprendizagem entre alunos de diferentes origens sociais. Apesar da diversidade de programas e políticas que buscaram equalizar as diferenças, pesquisas em diversos contextos constataram repetidamente que as diferenças não apenas persistem, mas são reproduzidas nas escolas. Este artigo aborda o problema de uma perspectiva um pouco diferente: seu objetivo é identificar práticas e atitudes de estudantes e docentes associadas a diferenças no desempenho escolar entre estudantes de condição social e econômica mais baixa no Brasil e na Argentina. O objetivo não é entender os mecanismos que reproduzem as diferenças entre os estratos, mas sim aqueles que geram maior desempenho relativo entre os estudantes com menos recursos. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos resultados do teste PISA de 2018 por meio de modelos estatísticos multivariados. Essa análise mostrou que determinados fatores, como a empatia docente, a motivação e perseverança estudantil ou as modalidades de estudo, estão associados ao desempenho. Mas também mostrou que a magnitude da associação varia de acordo com o contexto. Esses resultados contribuem para a elaboração de políticas educacionais que buscam aumentar o desempenho em estratos desfavorecidos, indicando algumas condições que podem favorecê-lo, mas também alertando sobre as dificuldades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de forma acrítica

Abstract This research analyzes how individual characteristics (area of origin, skin color, economic status of origin and education) and structural factors (economic growth and trade openness) influence in Mexico the opportunities to obtain a high level of economic well-being. Using a IV-probit model estimated in two stages with instrumental variables in a context of complex samples, it is identified that people born in homes with low economic status, originating from rural localities and with brown skin have lower probabilities of economic success compared to people of non-low economic status, from urban areas and light skin. The findings also reveal that economic growth and educational achievement increase the probabilities of obtaining a high economic status, but the increase in probabilities is bigger for people of non-low economic origin, coming from urban areas and light skin. Finally, through the different rates of growth and school achievement, the differences in economic well-being widen, which indicates an increase in inequality between privileged and non-privileged groups. This research is innovative since it not only analyzes the effect of economic growth and academic achievement on social mobility, but also provides an empirical method that investigates the effect of growth and academic achievement on inequality of opportunities for socioeconomic advancement. The results indicate the existence of irrational mobility barriers based on criteria over which the individual has no control.

Resumen La presente investigación analiza cómo influyen en México las características del individuo (ámbito de origen, color de piel, estatus económico de origen y educación) y los factores estructurales (crecimiento económico y apertura comercial) en las oportunidades de obtener un nivel de bienestar económico alto. Por medio de un modelo probit, estimado en dos etapas con variables instrumentales en un contexto de muestras complejas, se identifica que las personas nacidas en hogares con estatus económico bajo, originarias de localidades rurales y de piel morena, tienen menores probabilidades de éxito económico con respecto a las personas de estatus de origen económico no-bajo, provenientes del ámbito urbano y piel clara. Los hallazgos también revelan que el crecimiento económico y el logro escolar aumentan las probabilidades de obtener un estatus económico alto, pero el incremento de probabilidades no es homogéneo, sino que favorece en mayor medida a personas de origen económico no-bajo, provenientes del ámbito urbano y piel clara. Finalmente, se identifica que, a través de las distintas tasas de crecimiento y logro escolar, las diferencias en el bienestar económico se amplían, lo que indica aumento de la desigualdad entre grupos privilegiados y no-privilegiados. La ruta de investigación es innovadora ya que no solo analiza el efecto del crecimiento económico y el logro académico en la movilidad social, sino que también aporta un método empírico que indaga el efecto del crecimiento y el logro académico en la desigualdad de oportunidades de ascenso socioeconómico. Los resultados indican la existencia de barreras de movilidad irracionales basadas en criterios sobre los que el individuo no tiene control.

ABSTRACT The present research aims to analyze the influence of digital shopping on the traditional retail industry in Tamil Nadu. The present research executes a quantitative analysis utilizing the SPSS version 23 software package. A structured questionnaire survey technique is employed to gather the data from the traditional retailers in Tamil Nadu. A judgment sampling strategy has been adopted for analysis. The objective of the method is to collect data relating to conventional retailers' perceptions of the impact of online shopping applications. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, regression, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed in the research. The study's outcomes revealed that digital shopping significantly impacts the growth and profitability of the offline retail industry. Furthermore, the study also evaluates the socio-economic and psychological factors prompting the purchasing behavior of consumers in Tamil Nadu. The study recommends that traditional retailers enhance their strategies to improve their business over online retail marketers.

RESUMEN La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de las compras digitales en la industria minorista tradicional en Tamil Nadu. La presente investigación ejecuta un análisis cuantitativo utilizando el paquete de software SPSS versión 23. Se emplea una técnica de encuesta de cuestionario estructurado para recopilar datos de los minoristas tradicionales en Tamil Nadu. Se ha adoptado una estrategia de muestreo de juicio para el análisis. El objetivo del método es recopilar datos relacionados con las percepciones de los minoristas convencionales sobre el impacto de las aplicaciones de compras en línea. En la investigación se realizó estadística descriptiva, ANOVA, regresión y análisis de correlación de Pearson. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que las compras digitales tienen un impacto significativo en el crecimiento y la rentabilidad de la industria minorista fuera de línea. Además, el estudio también evalúa los factores socioeconómicos y psicológicos que impulsan el comportamiento de compra de los consumidores en Tamil Nadu. El estudio recomienda que los minoristas tradicionales mejoren sus estrategias para mejorar su negocio frente a los vendedores minoristas en línea.

Resumen: Introducción: La satisfacción del paciente con el cuidado de enfermería es un predictor importante para evaluar la calidad de la atención hospitalaria. Sin embargo, en Perú, la satisfacción y la experiencia del paciente sobre el cuidado de enfermería en el servicio de Emergencias sigue siendo desconocida. Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia y la satisfacción con los cuidados de enfermería percibidas por pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de emergencia en un hospital de nivel III de Perú. Metodología: Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Calidad del Cuidado de Enfermería que se clasifica en dos dimensiones: experiencia y satisfacción. Las variables independientes fueron factores sociodemográficos y clínicos. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y la regresión de Poisson para calcular la razón de prevalencia (RP) con un p-valor menor a 0.05. Resultados: De 130 pacientes relevados, el 52,08 % percibió una mala experiencia y el 54,62 % estuvo insatisfecho con los cuidados de enfermería. La edad se asoció con las dimensiones experiencia (RPa: 1.01) y la satisfacción de cuidados de enfermería (RPa: 1.02). Además, el nivel socioeconómico medio-alto (RPa: 0.52) y los días de estancia hospitalaria (RPa: 0.65) se asociaron a una mala satisfacción. Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los pacientes manifestaron una mala experiencia e insatisfacción con los cuidados recibidos. Esto implica la necesidad de tomar en cuenta las necesidades del paciente hospitalizado en emergencias y gestionar recursos humanos y materiales.

Abstract: Introduction: Patient satisfaction with nursing care is an important predictor for assessing the quality of hospital care. However, in Peru, patient satisfaction and experience with nursing care in the emergency department remains unknown. Objective: To analyze the experience and satisfaction with nursing care perceived by patients hospitalized in the emergency department at a level III hospital in Peru. Methodology: The Newcastle Questionnaire Satisfaction with Nursing Scales was applied, which is classified into two dimensions: experience and satisfaction. The independent variables were sociodemographic and clinical factors. The Chi-square test and Poisson regression were used to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) with a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: Of 130 patients surveyed, 52.08 % perceived a bad experience and 54.62 % were dissatisfied with nursing care. Age was associated with the dimensions experience (PRa: 1.01) and nursing care satisfaction (PRa: 1.02). In addition, medium-high socioeconomic level (PRa: 0.52) and days of hospital stay (PRa: 0.65) were associated with poor satisfaction. Conclusions: More than half of the patients reported a bad experience and dissatisfaction with the care received. This implies the necessity to take into account the needs of hospitalized patients in emergencies and to manage human and material resources

Resumo: Introdução: A satisfação do paciente com o cuidado de enfermagem é um importante preditor para avaliar a qualidade do atendimento hospitalar. No entanto, no Peru, a satisfação e a experiência do paciente com o cuidado de enfermagem no serviço de emergência ainda são desconhecidas. Objetivo: Analisar a experiência e a satisfação com os cuidados de enfermagem percebida por pacientes internados no serviço de emergência em um hospital de nível III no Peru. Metodologia: Foi aplicado o Questionário de Qualidade do Cuidado de Enfermagem, classificado em duas dimensões: experiência e satisfação. As variáveis independentes foram fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos. O teste do qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson foram usados para calcular a razão de prevalência (RP), com um valor de p inferior a 0,05. Resultados: De 130 pacientes pesquisados, 52,08% perceberam uma experiência ruim e 54,62% estavam insatisfeitos com os cuidados de enfermagem. A idade foi associada às dimensões experiência (RPa: 1,01) e satisfação com os cuidados de enfermagem (RPa: 1,02). Além disso, o nível socioeconômico médio-alto (RPa: 0,52) e os dias de internação hospitalar (RPa: 0,65) foram associados à baixa satisfação. Conclusões: Mais da metade dos pacientes manifestaram uma experiência ruim e insatisfação com os cuidados recebidos. Isso implica a necessidade de levar em conta as necessidades do paciente internado em emergências e gerenciar os recursos humanos e materiais

RESUMO No mundo, o câncer colorretal apresenta altas taxas de incidência e mortalidade, com diferenças segundo nível de desenvolvimento sociodemográfico. O objetivo foi analisar as disparidades sociodemográficas do câncer colorretal na população brasileira com 30 anos ou mais. Trata-se de estudo de série temporal da incidência, mortalidade, Anos de Vida Ajustados por Incapacidade (Disability Adjusted Life Years – DALY) e prevalência, segundo sexo, no Brasil e nas Unidades da Federação (UF) de 1990 a 2019. A tendência foi estimada pela regressão de Joinpoint, e o índice sociodemográfico (SDI – Socio-Demographic Index) foi utilizado na análise de correlação. Os dados analisados foram estimados pelo Global Burden of Diseases Study 19. No Brasil e nas UF, as maiores taxas dos indicadores foram observadas no sexo masculino, com tendência de aumento em ambos os sexos. Houve associação positiva entre o SDI e todos os indicadores analisados, exceto para DALY em homens. As diferenças nas taxas e tendências entre as UF parecem refletir os processos de desenvolvimento do País, tais como urbanização e industrialização, em que as UF mais desenvolvidas possuem taxas elevadas com tendências de estabilidade, e as UF em desenvolvimento, com comportamento inverso, sugerindo melhorias de acesso aos serviços de saúde e diagnósticos.

ABSTRACT In the world, colorectal cancer presents high rates of incidence and mortality, with differences according to the level of sociodemographic development. The objective of this study was to analyze the sociodemographic disparities of colorectal cancer in the Brazilian population aged 30 and older. This is a time series study of incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and prevalence, by sex, in Brazil and its Federal Units (FU) states from 1990 to 2019. The trend was estimated using Joinpoint regression analysis, and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) was used in the correlation analysis. The data analyzed were estimated by the Global Burden of Diseases Study 19. In Brazil and its states, the highest rates of these indicators were observed in males, with an increasing trend in both sexes. There was a positive association between SDI and all the analyzed indicators except for DALY in men. The differences in rates and trends between the states reflect the country’s development processes, such as urbanization and industrialization. More developed states have high rates with stable trends, while less developed states exhibit the opposite behavior, suggesting improved access to healthcare services and diagnosis.

Abstract Objective To compare the cardiovascular risk and physical fitness, according to type of school in a national sample of Chilean school students. Methods A total of 7,218 students participated, who completed all the national tests of the National System for Measuring the Quality of Education, which included physical fitness and anthropometric tests. The results were compared according to the type of educational establishment and anthropometric indicators were considered. Physical fitness was measured by lower extremity strength, abdominal strength, upper extremity strength, trunk flexibility, exertional heart rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Body mass index, heart rate, and waist-to-height ratio were analyzed as predictors of cardiovascular risk. Results There were differences according to the type of establishment in the predictors of cardiovascular risk (p < 0.05). Differences were also found in the physical fitness tests evaluated (p < 0.01). Students in private schools (PSC) and subsidized schools (SC) had lower levels of cardiovascular risk and higher levels of physical fitness than public schools (PS) and schools with delegated administration (DA). Conclusions In conclusion, students in educational establishments with a higher socioeconomic level have lower levels of cardiovascular risk and better physical fitness than students in public establishments. The authors suggest considering specific school interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk and improve physical fitness among this vulnerable population. To this end, future studies should analyze the characteristics of physical activity and nutritional habits in schools to determine the factors that affect the results. 7218 7 218 7,21 participated Education considered strength flexibility rate index waisttoheight waist height p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 0.01. 001 0.01 01 0.01) PSC (PSC SC (SC PS (PS DA. DA (DA) conclusion population end 721 21 7,2 00 0.0 (DA 72 2 7, 0.

Abstract Introduction: Emerging and re-emerging arboviral infections have become a public health challenge in the Americas due to their epidemic potential. Objective: To determine the spatio-temporal distribution of the dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses during an epidemic period in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: Multi-method descriptive ecological and exploratory study of confirmed and suspected cases reported to the epidemiological surveillance system between 2014 and 2016. Results: 40,168 cases were analyzed, and it was found that dengue was the most frequent arboviral infection (59.2 %). The most affected individuals were women (65 %) and those with a mean age of 34.5 years. Although arboviral infections spread out throughout the city, the three diseases were concentrated in significant groups located at the center-east and northeast areas of Cali (p<0.01; z=-203.7). Conclusions: This study identified critical zones for the three arboviral infections, which are located in areas with low socioeconomic status. Likewise, the results suggest that in addition to eco-epidemiological and bio-psychosocial factors, temperature, precipitation, and the aedic index may play an important role in the spatio-temporal behavior of these diseases. A multidisciplinary and collaborative approach is necessary, which must involve communities and authorities to implement effective control strategies, especially during epidemic periods.

Resumo Introdução: Arbovírus emergentes e reemergentes representam um desafio de saúde pública nas Américas, devido ao seu potencial epidêmico. Objetivo: Determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos vírus dengue, Zika e chikungunya, em período epidêmico em Cali. Materiais e métodos: Estudo multimetodo, descritivo e ecológico exploratório de casos confirmados e suspeitos notificados ao sistema de vigilância epidemiológica, entre 2014 e 2016. Resultados: foram analisados 40.168 casos, constatou-se que a dengue foi a arbovirose mais frequente (59,2 %). Os indivíduos mais acometidos tinham idade média de 34,5 anos e eram predominantemente mulheres (65 %). Os arbovírus foram distribuídos por toda a cidade, mas foram identificados aglomerados significativos no centro-leste e nordeste de Cali para as três doenças (p<0,01; z=-203,7). Conclusão: Este estudo destaca a identificação de zonas críticas para as três arboviroses que estão localizadas em áreas com atraso socioeconômico. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que fatores eco-epidemiológicos e biopsicossociais adicionais à temperatura, à precipitação e ao índice aedico podem desempenhar um papel importante no comportamento espaço-temporal destas doenças. Recomenda-se uma abordagem multidisciplinar e colaborativa, envolvendo a comunidade e as autoridades, para implementar estratégias de controlo eficazes, especialmente durante períodos epidémicos.

Resumen Introducción: Las arbovirosis emergentes y reemergentes representan un reto de salud pública en las Américas, debido a su potencial epidémico. Objetivo: Determinar la distribución espaciotemporal de los virus del dengue, el Zika y el chikunguña, en un periodo epidémico en Cali. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multimétodo descriptivo y ecológico exploratorio de casos confirmados y presuntos notificados al sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, entre 2014 y 2016. Resultados: Se analizaron 40.168 casos, se encontró que el dengue fue la arbovirosis más frecuente (59,2 %). Los individuos más afectados tenían una edad media de 34,5 años y eran predominantemente mujeres (65 %). Las arbovirosis se distribuyeron en toda la ciudad, pero se identificaron agrupamientos significativos en el centro-este y noreste de Cali para las tres enfermedades (p<0,01; z=-203,7). Conclusión: Este estudio destaca la identificación de zonas críticas para las tres arbovirosis que se localizan en áreas con rezago socioeconómico. Además, los resultados sugieren que factores eco-epidemiológicos y biopsicosociales adicionales a la temperatura, las precipitaciones y el índice aédico pueden desempeñar un papel importante en el comportamiento espaciotemporal de estas enfermedades. Se recomienda una aproximación multidisciplinaria y colaborativa, involucrando a la comunidad y las autoridades, para implementar estrategias de control efectivas, especialmente durante periodos epidémicos.

Abstract This article studies the evolution and determinants of the quality of education in Colombia during the years 2017 (before) and 2021 (during the pandemic), with the purpose of evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on students' academic performance. For this purpose, the decomposition method proposed by Firpo et al. (2007, 2011) was used to analyze the factors that determine the differential in academic performance through the calculation of counterfactual decompositions for the entire distribution of academic performance; specifically, the 10th, 30th, 50th, 70th, and 90th quantiles were analyzed. It was found that the pandemic affected the academic performance of all students in general, but especially those in the lower part of the distribution. This confirms the hypothesis that the deterioration in socio-economic, family and personal characteristics of the students worsened existing educational inequalities.

Resumen Este artículo estudia la evolución y los determinantes de la calidad de la educación en Colombia durante los años 2017 (antes) y 2021 (durante la pandemia), con el propósito de evaluar el impacto del covid-19 sobre el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Para ello, se empleó el método de descomposición propuesto por Firpo et al. (2007, 2011) que permite analizar los factores que determinan el diferencial en el rendimiento académico a través del cálculo de descomposiciones contrafactuales para toda la distribución del rendimiento académico; en particular se analizaron los cuantiles 10, 30, 50, 70 y 90. Se encontró que la pandemia afectó el rendimiento académico de todos los estudiantes en general, pero en especial, a los estudiantes de la parte baja de la distribución. Con ello se comprueba la hipótesis de que el desmejoramiento en las características socioeconómicas, familiares y personales de los estudiantes empeoró las desigualdades educativas existentes.