Resumen A partir de un estudio sociodemográfico, se describe la disolución conyugal por divorcio y separación, en familias de la región fronteriza del norte de México. Se proporciona una visión general acerca del nivel de frecuencia de la inestabilidad conyugal a nivel regional y algunas de las diferencias entre las entidades federativas que la componen. Se utiliza la Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica (Enadid) de 2018 y otras fuentes de información secundaria. El análisis se basa en los indicadores obtenidos de las disoluciones de la primera unión conyugal de mujeres alguna vez unidas, mediante el uso de la técnica de tablas de vida y los modelos de regresión logística. Entre otros resultados, se encontró que la región norteña tiene uno de los niveles más altos de disolución conyugal en el país, pero con interesantes diferencias que destacan entre los estados del noroeste y el noreste, generando un patrón dual en la región.

Abstract This is a descriptive socio-demographic study of the marital dissolution by divorce and separation in the northern border region of Mexico. The objective is to provide a general view of the level of this type of dissolutions in the region and some of its differences among the federal entities that form it. For this purpose, we use information from the National Survey of the Demographic Dynamics 2018 (ENADID) and secondary sources of information. The analysis is based on the indicators about the dissolution of the first conjugal union of ever-married women that were calculated through the life table technique and logistic regression models. The results evidence that the northern region has one of the highest levels of marital dissolution in the country, but with interesting differences between the states located in the northwest and the northeast generating a dual pattern in the region.

Abstract This article's econometric approach to socio-demographic indicators from the National Institute of Statistics and Census, such as births, deaths and hospital discharges of the Venezuelan population in Ecuador between 2015 and 2022, shows a notable impact on the migratory balance of this community. The sustained growth of Venezuelan migrants in the country underlines the importance of designing public policies that address the evidence of the data obtained and apply a human rights approach. The study shows that one of the most urgent needs of this population is access to public health.

Resumen El acercamiento econométrico que propone este artículo a indicadores sociodemográficos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, como nacimientos, defunciones y egresos hospitalarios de la población venezolana en Ecuador entre 2015 y 2022, muestra un impacto notable en el saldo migratorio de esta comunidad. El crecimiento sostenido de migrantes venezolanos en el país subraya la importancia de diseñar políticas públicas que atiendan la evidencia de los datos obtenidos y apliquen un enfoque en derechos humanos. El estudio muestra que una de las necesidades más urgentes de esta población es el acceso a la salud pública.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the level of COVID-19 risk perception (PCR-CV19) by returning to in-person classes and to analyze this perception with sociodemographic and health variables associated with such disease. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study. The questionnaire was adapted to assess the PCR-CV19 among 532 university students. Moreover, an association analysis of the four dimensions of the PCR-CV19 (cognitive vulnerability, emotional vulnerability, risky-protective behaviors and severity) and the perception index was performed with sociodemographic and health variables. The following statistical methods were used: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances and Tukey’s honest significant difference or Games-Howell post hoc tests. These analyses were performed using the Jamovi statistical software, version 1.2.2. Results: A moderate level of PCR-CV19 was found, where the most relevant dimensions were risky-protective behaviors and severity. In addition, there was an association between the dimensions PCR-CV19 and perception index with the variables age, gender, alcohol consumption, physical and mental health indicators (anxiety and depression), and experiences with COVID-19. Cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of the PCR-CV19. Conclusions: We continue to face constant risk conditions, thus making it necessary to maintain a surveillance scheme of the PCR-CV19 experienced by the population. In university students, cognitive vulnerability and emotional vulnerability were the most sensitive dimensions in the evaluation of PCR-CV19 and experiences with COVID-19 (illness or death). The fact that university students do not feel vulnerable and/or do not perceive the severity associated with COVID-19 transmission may affect their self-care behaviors. These results have key implications for public health; therefore, an intersectoral approach is required to have relevant information in order to face future pandemics.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 frente al retorno a las clases presenciales y analizar esta percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud asociadas a esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se adaptó el cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 (PCR-CV19) en 532 universitarios. Además, se realizó un análisis de asociación de las cuatro dimensiones del PCR-CV19 (vulnerabilidad cognitiva, vulnerabilidad emocional, conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad) y el índice de percepción con variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas: análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía (OneWay ANOVA), previa verificación de la prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Wilk y la prueba de Levene para la homogeneidad y la prueba post-hoc de Tukey o Ganes-Howell. Estos análisis se realizaron en el programa estadístico JAMOVI, versión 1.2.2. Resultados: Se evidenció un nivel moderado de percepción de riesgo de contagio, en donde las dimensiones de las conductas de riesgo-protección y gravedad se identificaron como las más relevantes; asimismo, se encontró asociación entre las dimensiones del PCR-CV19 y el índice de percepción con las variables edad, género, consumo de alcohol e indicadores de salud física y mental (ansiedad y depresión) y las experiencias vividas con la enfermedad de la COVID-19. Los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción. Conclusiones: Seguimos enfrentando condiciones de riesgo que surgen de manera constante, lo que hace necesario mantener un esquema de vigilancia de la percepción de riesgo que experimenta la población. En los universitarios, los aspectos de vulnerabilidad cognitiva y emocional fueron las dimensiones más sensibles en la evaluación de la percepción del riesgo y las experiencias vividas con la COVID-19 (enfermedad o muerte). El hecho de que los universitarios no se sientan vulnerables y/o no perciban la gravedad asociada al contagio puede afectar sus conductas de autocuidado. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones claves para la salud pública, por lo que se requiere un abordaje intersectorial, con el objetivo de contar con información relevante para enfrentar futuras pandemias.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las pérdidas cognitivas se encuentran entre los eventos más prevalentes en la población anciana y pueden causar déficits funcionales. Entre las alternativas de prevención y tratamiento no farmacológico disponibles, el aumento de los niveles de condición física funcional se presenta como una estrategia importante que sugiere mejoras en la función física y cognitiva de los ancianos, desencadenada por la práctica de ejercicios. Objetivo: Determinar el poder predictivo de los indicadores de aptitud funcional y establecer sus puntos de corte como discriminadores del deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores. Métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 310 ancianos que respondieron un cuestionario que comprendía información sociodemográfica, hábitos de vida, hospitalización en los últimos 12 meses, presencia de comorbilidad y el Mini-Examen del Estado Mental. La condición física funcional se evaluó utilizando la fuerza de agarre manual (FAM) y las pruebas de sentarse y levantarse de una silla. Para identificar predictores de deterioro cognitivo, se adoptó el análisis de curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Posteriormente se identificaron los puntos de corte con sus respectivas sensibilidades y especificidades. Los análisis se realizaron respetando el nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Se observó que algunos indicadores de aptitud funcional mostraron un Área Bajo la Curva (ABC) significativa, y la prueba de sentarse y pararse (ABC=0,72; 95%IC: 0,64-0,77) mostró los mejores resultados. Los mejores puntos de corte para el test FAM y el sit-and-stand test fueron 18,8 kgf y 8 repeticiones, respectivamente. Conclusión: Los resultados del presente estudio permiten concluir que el test sit-to-stand es moderadamente eficiente para discriminar la presencia de deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio Transversal. Introducción funcionales disponibles ejercicios Objetivo mayores Métodos 31 sociodemográfica vida 1 meses MiniExamen Mini Examen Mental (FAM silla ROC, ROC , (ROC) 95 IC95%. IC95 IC IC95% . (IC95%) especificidades 5 5% Resultados ABC (ABC significativa ABC=0,72 ABC072 0 72 (ABC=0,72 95%IC 95IC 0,640,77 064077 0,64 0,77 64 77 0,64-0,77 sitandstand sit and stand 188 18 18, repeticiones respectivamente Conclusión sittostand to III Transversal 3 (ROC 9 IC9 (IC95% ABC=0,7 ABC07 7 (ABC=0,7 640 0,640,7 06407 064 0,6 077 0,7 6 0,64-0,7 (IC95 ABC=0, ABC0 (ABC=0, 0,640, 0640 06 0, 07 0,64-0, (IC9 ABC=0 (ABC=0 0,640 0,64-0 (IC ABC= (ABC= 0,64-

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cognitive losses are among the most prevalent events in the elderly population and can cause functional deficits. Among the available non-drug prevention and treatment alternatives, the increase in functional fitness levels is presented as an important strategy suggesting improvements in the physical and cognitive function of the elderly triggered by exercise. Objective: To determine the predictive power of functional fitness indicators and establish their cutoff points as discriminators of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Methods: The sample comprised 310 elderly people who answered a questionnaire comprising sociodemographic information, lifestyle habits, hospitalization in the last 12 months, presence of comorbidity, and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Functional fitness was assessed using the Hand Grip Strength (HGS) and sitting and rising from a chair tests. To identify predictors of cognitive impairment, analysis of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves was adopted, with a confidence interval of 95% (95%CI). Subsequently, the cut-off points with their respective sensitivities and specificities were identified. The analyses were performed respecting the significance level of 5%. Results: It was observed that some functional fitness indicators showed significant Area Under the Curve (AUC), and the sit-and-stand test (AUC=0.72; 95%CI: 0.64-0.77) showed the best results. The best cut-off points for the HGS and sit-and-stand tests were 18,8 kgf and eight repetitions, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study allow us to conclude that the sit-to-stand test is moderately efficient in discriminating the presence of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Level of Evidence III; Study Cross-sectional. Introduction deficits nondrug non drug alternatives exercise Objective Methods 31 information habits 1 months comorbidity MiniMental Mini Mental Examination (HGS ROC (ROC adopted 95 95%CI. 95CI CI 95%CI . (95%CI) Subsequently cut off identified 5 5% Results AUC, AUC , (AUC) sitandstand sit stand AUC=0.72 AUC072 0 72 (AUC=0.72 0.640.77 064077 0.64 0.77 64 77 0.64-0.77 188 18 8 18, repetitions respectively Conclusion sittostand III Crosssectional. Crosssectional Cross sectional. sectional Cross-sectional 3 9 (95%CI (AUC AUC=0.7 AUC07 7 (AUC=0.7 640 0.640.7 06407 064 0.6 077 0.7 6 0.64-0.7 AUC=0. AUC0 (AUC=0. 0.640. 0640 06 0. 07 0.64-0. AUC=0 (AUC=0 0.640 0.64-0 AUC= (AUC= 0.64-

RESUMO Introdução: As perdas cognitivas estão entre os eventos mais prevalentes na população idosa, podendo causar déficits funcionais. Dentre as alternativas de prevenção e tratamento não medicamentosos disponíveis, o aumento dos níveis de aptidão funcional apresenta-se como uma estratégia importante sugerindo melhorias na função física e na função cognitiva de idosos, desencadeadas através da prática de exercícios. Objetivo: Determinar o poder preditivo dos indicadores de aptidão funcional e estabelecer seus pontos de corte como discriminadores do comprometimento cognitivo em idosos. Métodos: A amostra compreendeu 310 idosos que responderam a um questionário composto por informações sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, hospitalização nos últimos 12 meses, presença de comorbidade e o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental. A aptidão funcional foi avaliada por meio dos testes de Força de Preensão Manual (FPM) e o de sentar e levantar da cadeira. Para identificação dos preditores do comprometimento cognitivo, foi adotada a análise das curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Posteriormente, identificaram-se os pontos de corte com as respectivas sensibilidades e especificidades. As análises foram efetuadas respeitando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se que alguns indicadores de aptidão funcional apresentaram Área Sob a Curva (ASC) significativas, sendo que o teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira (ASC=0,72; IC95%= 0,64-0,77) apresentou os melhores resultados. Os melhores pontos de corte para o teste de FPM e o teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira foram de 18,8 kgf e 8 repetições respectivamente. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo permitem concluir que o teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira apresenta moderada eficiência para discriminar a presença de comprometimento cognitivo em idosos. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo Transversal. Introdução idosa funcionais disponíveis apresentase se exercícios Objetivo Métodos 31 sociodemográficas vida 1 meses MiniExame Mini Exame Mental (FPM ROC, ROC , (ROC) 95 IC95%. IC95 IC IC95% . (IC95%) Posteriormente identificaramse identificaram especificidades respeitandose respeitando 5 5% Resultados Observouse Observou ASC (ASC significativas ASC=0,72 ASC072 0 72 (ASC=0,72 0,640,77 064077 0,64 0,77 64 77 0,64-0,77 188 18 18, respectivamente Conclusão III Transversal 3 (ROC 9 IC9 (IC95% ASC=0,7 ASC07 7 (ASC=0,7 640 0,640,7 06407 064 0,6 077 0,7 6 0,64-0,7 (IC95 ASC=0, ASC0 (ASC=0, 0,640, 0640 06 0, 07 0,64-0, (IC9 ASC=0 (ASC=0 0,640 0,64-0 (IC ASC= (ASC= 0,64-

En un Brasil donde los indicadores de empobrecimiento de la población siguen aumentando, es preocupante el hecho de que las personas gasten dinero para comprar cigarrillo en lugar de usarlo en acciones para fortalecer los aspectos del bienestar de sus vidas y la de sus familias. A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud brasileña realizada en 2019, se estimó la influencia del gasto en cigarrillo industrializado en el presupuesto familiar de los hogares donde vivía al menos un fumador, estratificado por características sociodemográficas. Los fumadores brasileños destinaron alrededor del 8% del ingreso per cápita mensual promedio del hogar para la compra de cigarrillos industrializados. El porcentaje del gasto mensual promedio en cigarrillos alcanzó casi el 10% de este ingreso entre los fumadores de 15 a 24 años y fue aún mayor para los que tenían educación primaria incompleta (aproximadamente el 11%). En el Norte y Nordeste del país, ese gasto superó el 9%. El estado con un mayor compromiso con los ingresos del hogar fue Acre (el 13,6%), seguido por Alagoas (el 11,9%), Ceará, Pará y Tocantins (todos con aproximadamente el 11%). Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia de fortalecer la implementación de medidas efectivas para reducir la proporción de fumadores, tal como la política tributaria. Así, el dinero que actualmente las personas destinan a la compra de cigarrillos podría utilizarse en la atención de sus necesidades básicas, contribuyendo a promover la salud y la mejora de la calidad de vida. aumentando familias 2019 fumador sociodemográficas 8 industrializados 10 1 2 11%. 11 11% . 11%) país 9 9% 13,6%, 136 13,6% , 13 6 13,6%) 11,9%, 119 11,9% 11,9%) Ceará todos tanto tributaria Así básicas vida 201 13,6 11,9 20 13, 11,

In a country whose indicators of population impoverishment continue to increase, it is concerning that individuals spend money to buy cigarettes instead of using this resource in actions that strengthen aspects of the well-being of their lives and that of their families. Based on the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2019, the influence of spending on manufactured cigarettes on the family budget in households with at least one smoker was estimated, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Brazilian smokers allocated around 8% of their average per capita monthly household income to the purchase of manufactured cigarettes. The percentage of average monthly expenditure on cigarettes reached almost 10% of this income among smokers aged 15 to 24 and was even higher for those with incomplete elementary education (approximately 11%). In the North and Northeast regions of the country, this expenditure exceeded 9%. The state with the most significant impact on household income was Acre (13.6%), followed by Alagoas (11.9%), Ceará, Pará, and Tocantins (all with approximately 11%). Our findings, therefore, reinforce the importance of strengthening the implementation of effective measures, such as tax policy, to reduce the proportion of smokers. Thus, the money that individuals currently allocate to purchase cigarettes can be used to meet their basic needs, contributing to the promotion of health and improving the quality of life. increase wellbeing well being families 2019 estimated characteristics 8 10 1 2 11%. 11 11% . 11%) 9 9% 13.6%, 136 13.6% , 13 6 (13.6%) 11.9%, 119 11.9% (11.9%) Ceará Pará all findings therefore measures policy Thus needs life 201 13.6 (13.6% 11.9 (11.9% 20 13. (13.6 11. (11.9 (13. (11. (13 (11 (1 (

Em um Brasil no qual os indicadores de empobrecimento da população seguem aumentando, preocupa o fato de que indivíduos gastem dinheiro para comprar cigarro em vez de usarem esse recurso em ações que fortaleçam aspectos do bem-estar de suas jornadas de vida e de suas famílias. Estimou-se, a partir da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019, a influência que o gasto com cigarro industrializado teve no orçamento familiar nos domicílios com pelo menos um fumante, estratificada por características sociodemográficas. Os fumantes brasileiros destinaram cerca de 8% do rendimento médio mensal domiciliar per capita para a compra de cigarros industrializados. O percentual do gasto médio mensal chegou a quase 10% desse rendimento, entre os fumantes de 15 a 24 anos, e foi ainda maior para aqueles com Ensino Fundamental incompleto (aproximadamente 11%). Nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país, esse gasto ultrapassou os 9%. O estado com o maior comprometimento da renda domiciliar foi o Acre (13,6%), seguido por Alagoas (11,9%), Ceará, Pará e Tocantins (todos com aproximadamente 11%). Nossos achados reforçam, portanto, a importância de fortalecer a implementação de medidas efetivas de redução da proporção de fumantes, tal como a política tributária. Dessa forma, o dinheiro que atualmente é destinado pelos indivíduos à compra de cigarros poderá ser revertido no atendimento de suas necessidades básicas, contribuindo para a promoção da saúde e melhoria da qualidade de vida. aumentando bemestar bem estar famílias Estimouse, Estimouse Estimou se, se Estimou-se 2019 fumante sociodemográficas 8 industrializados 10 1 2 anos 11%. 11 11% . 11%) país 9 9% 13,6%, 136 13,6% , 13 6 (13,6%) 11,9%, 119 11,9% (11,9%) Ceará todos reforçam portanto tributária forma básicas 201 13,6 (13,6% 11,9 (11,9% 20 13, (13,6 11, (11,9 (13, (11, (13 (11 (1 (

Abstract Introduction: Chronic non-communicable diseases have become a global problem due to high morbidity and mortality rates, derived from inadequate lifestyles that include a lack of perception and low knowledge of these conditions. Objective: To stablish the relation between perception and knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes and the Risk of Diabesity in adults from Puebla. Method: Quantitative with a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional design, including people from 20 to 65 belonging to the Almecatla Health Center, Puebla. People who spoke an indigenous language and pregnant women were excluded. The calculation of the sample was 182 people. The DKQ-24 instrument and Diabetes Risk Perception, a socio-demographic data card and informed consent were acquired. Analysis and results: 78% were women, with an average age of 58.8 years, capillary glycemia 163.8, glycosylated hemoglobin 8.6, 88.5% have adequate knowledge of T2D and 50.5% a perception of high T2D risk. There is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge and perception of T2D risk (p<.05). Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation between the knowledge of T2D and the perception of T2D risk. There are bodily and biochemical indicators that suggest the increased risk of Diabesity, despite the attendance at the health center, the control of the pathologies is not reflected, for this reason the levels of morbidity and mortality persist.

Resumo Introdução: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis tornaram-se um problema global devidoàs altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, decorrentes de estilos de vida inadequados que incluem a falta de percepção e baixo conhecimento dessas condições. Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre percepção e conhecimento sobre Diabetes Tipo 2 e Risco de Diabesidade em adultos de Puebla. Método: Quantitativa com desenho descritivo, correlacional e transversal, incluindo pessoas de 20 a 65 anos pertencentes ao Centro de Saúde Almecatla, Puebla. Foram excluídas pessoas que falam línguas indígenas e gestantes. O cálculo a mostra foi de 182 pessoas. Foram utilizados o instrumento DKQ-24 e Percepção de Risco de Diabetes, ficha de dados sociodemográficos e consentimento informado. Análise e resultados: 78% eran mulheres, com idade média de 58,8 anos, glicemia capilar 163,8, hemoglobina glicosilada 8,6, 88,5% têm conhecimento adequado de DM2 e 50,5% percepção de alto risco de DM2. Existe uma relação positiva e significativa entre o conhecimento e a percepção do risco de DM2 (p<0,05). Conclusão: Existe uma correlação positiva significativa entre o conhecimento de DM2 e a percepção do risco de DM2. Existem indicadores corporais e bioquímicos que sugerem o aumento do risco de Diabesidade, apesar da ida ao centro de saúde não se reflectir no controlo das patologias, por isso persistem os níveis de morbilidade e mortalidade.

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles se han convertido en un problema mundial debido a los altos índices de morbilidad y mortalidad, derivadas de estilos de vida inadecuados que incluyen una falta de una percepción y bajo conocimiento de estos padecimientos. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la percepción y el conocimiento de Diabetes Tipo 2 y el Riesgo de Diabesidad en adultos de Puebla. Metodología: Cuantitativo con diseño descriptivo, correlacional y de alcance transversal, se incluyeron personas de 20 a 65 pertenecientes al Centro de Salud de Almecatla, Puebla. Se excluyeron a las personas que hablen lengua indígena y mujeres embarazadas. El cálculo de la muestra fue de 182 personas. Se utilizó el instrumento DKQ-24 y Percepción de Riesgo de Diabetes, una cédula de datos socio demográfica y consentimiento informado. Análisis y resultados El 78% fueron mujeres, con promedio de edad de 58.8 años, glicemia capilar 163.8, hemoglobina glucosilada 8.6, 88.5% tienen conocimiento de DT2 adecuado y el 50.5% una percepción de riesgo de DT2 alto. Existe una relación positiva y significativa entre el conocimiento y la percepción de riesgo de DT2 (p<.05). Conclusión: Existe una correlación positiva significativa entre el conocimiento de DT2 y la percepción de riesgo de DT2. Existen indicadores corporales y bioquímicos que sugieren el aumento del riesgo de Diabesidad, a pesar de la asistencia al centro de salud no se refleja el control de las patologías, por tal motivo persisten los niveles de morbi-mortalidad.

En un Brasil donde los indicadores de empobrecimiento de la población siguen aumentando, es preocupante el hecho de que las personas gasten dinero para comprar cigarrillo en lugar de usarlo en acciones para fortalecer los aspectos del bienestar de sus vidas y la de sus familias. A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud brasileña realizada en 2019, se estimó la influencia del gasto en cigarrillo industrializado en el presupuesto familiar de los hogares donde vivía al menos un fumador, estratificado por características sociodemográficas. Los fumadores brasileños destinaron alrededor del 8% del ingreso per cápita mensual promedio del hogar para la compra de cigarrillos industrializados. El porcentaje del gasto mensual promedio en cigarrillos alcanzó casi el 10% de este ingreso entre los fumadores de 15 a 24 años y fue aún mayor para los que tenían educación primaria incompleta (aproximadamente el 11%). En el Norte y Nordeste del país, ese gasto superó el 9%. El estado con un mayor compromiso con los ingresos del hogar fue Acre (el 13,6%), seguido por Alagoas (el 11,9%), Ceará, Pará y Tocantins (todos con aproximadamente el 11%). Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia de fortalecer la implementación de medidas efectivas para reducir la proporción de fumadores, tal como la política tributaria. Así, el dinero que actualmente las personas destinan a la compra de cigarrillos podría utilizarse en la atención de sus necesidades básicas, contribuyendo a promover la salud y la mejora de la calidad de vida.

Em um Brasil no qual os indicadores de empobrecimento da população seguem aumentando, preocupa o fato de que indivíduos gastem dinheiro para comprar cigarro em vez de usarem esse recurso em ações que fortaleçam aspectos do bem-estar de suas jornadas de vida e de suas famílias. Estimou-se, a partir da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019, a influência que o gasto com cigarro industrializado teve no orçamento familiar nos domicílios com pelo menos um fumante, estratificada por características sociodemográficas. Os fumantes brasileiros destinaram cerca de 8% do rendimento médio mensal domiciliar per capita para a compra de cigarros industrializados. O percentual do gasto médio mensal chegou a quase 10% desse rendimento, entre os fumantes de 15 a 24 anos, e foi ainda maior para aqueles com Ensino Fundamental incompleto (aproximadamente 11%). Nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país, esse gasto ultrapassou os 9%. O estado com o maior comprometimento da renda domiciliar foi o Acre (13,6%), seguido por Alagoas (11,9%), Ceará, Pará e Tocantins (todos com aproximadamente 11%). Nossos achados reforçam, portanto, a importância de fortalecer a implementação de medidas efetivas de redução da proporção de fumantes, tal como a política tributária. Dessa forma, o dinheiro que atualmente é destinado pelos indivíduos à compra de cigarros poderá ser revertido no atendimento de suas necessidades básicas, contribuindo para a promoção da saúde e melhoria da qualidade de vida.

In a country whose indicators of population impoverishment continue to increase, it is concerning that individuals spend money to buy cigarettes instead of using this resource in actions that strengthen aspects of the well-being of their lives and that of their families. Based on the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2019, the influence of spending on manufactured cigarettes on the family budget in households with at least one smoker was estimated, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Brazilian smokers allocated around 8% of their average per capita monthly household income to the purchase of manufactured cigarettes. The percentage of average monthly expenditure on cigarettes reached almost 10% of this income among smokers aged 15 to 24 and was even higher for those with incomplete elementary education (approximately 11%). In the North and Northeast regions of the country, this expenditure exceeded 9%. The state with the most significant impact on household income was Acre (13.6%), followed by Alagoas (11.9%), Ceará, Pará, and Tocantins (all with approximately 11%). Our findings, therefore, reinforce the importance of strengthening the implementation of effective measures, such as tax policy, to reduce the proportion of smokers. Thus, the money that individuals currently allocate to purchase cigarettes can be used to meet their basic needs, contributing to the promotion of health and improving the quality of life.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate trends in mortality rate and average age of death, and identify sociodemographic factors associated with early death in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods: An ecological and cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Mortality Information System. All deaths of patients residing in the state of São Paulo from 1996 to 2015 with at least one International Disease Code for SCD in any field of the death certificate were included. Simple linear regression was used to estimate trends. The Log-rank test and multiple Cox regression were used to identify factors associated with early death. Results: The age-standardized mortality rate per million inhabitants increased by 0.080 per year (R2=0.761; p<0.001). When the events were stratified by age at death, the increase was 0.108 per year for those occurring at age 20 years or older, (R2=0.789; p<0.001) and 0.023 per year for those occurring before age 20 years old (R2=0.188; p=0.056). The average age at death increased by 0.617 years (7.4 months) per year (R2=0.835; p<0.001). Sociodemographic factors associated with early death identified were male gender (hazard ratio — HR=1.30), white race (HR=1.16), death occurring in the hospital (HR=1.29), and living in the Greater São Paulo (HR=1.13). Conclusions: The mortality rate and the average age of death in patients with SCD have increased over the last two decades. Sociodemographic factors such as gender, race, place of occurrence, and residence were found to be associated with early death. Objective SCD. . (SCD) Methods crosssectional cross sectional System 199 201 included Logrank Log rank Results agestandardized standardized 0080 0 080 0.08 R2=0.761 R20761 R R2 761 (R2=0.761 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 001 0108 108 0.10 2 older R2=0.789 R20789 789 (R2=0.789 0023 023 0.02 R2=0.188 R20188 188 (R2=0.188 p=0.056. p0056 p=0.056 056 p=0.056) 0617 617 0.61 7.4 74 7 4 (7. months R2=0.835 R20835 835 (R2=0.835 hazard HR=1.30, HR130 HR HR=1.30 , 1 30 HR=1.30) HR=1.16, HR116 HR=1.16 16 (HR=1.16) HR=1.29, HR129 HR=1.29 29 (HR=1.29) HR=1.13. HR113 HR=1.13 13 (HR=1.13) Conclusions decades occurrence (SCD 19 008 08 0.0 R2=0.76 R2076 76 (R2=0.76 p000 p<0.00 00 010 10 0.1 R2=0.78 R2078 78 (R2=0.78 002 02 R2=0.18 R2018 18 (R2=0.18 p005 p=0.05 05 061 61 0.6 7. (7 R2=0.83 R2083 83 (R2=0.83 HR13 HR=1.3 3 HR11 HR=1.1 (HR=1.16 HR12 HR=1.2 (HR=1.29 (HR=1.13 0. R2=0.7 R207 (R2=0.7 p00 p<0.0 01 R2=0.1 R201 (R2=0.1 p=0.0 06 6 ( R2=0.8 R208 8 (R2=0.8 HR1 HR=1. (HR=1.1 (HR=1.2 R2=0. R20 (R2=0. p0 p<0. p=0. HR=1 (HR=1. R2=0 (R2=0 p<0 p=0 HR= (HR=1 R2= (R2= p< p= (HR= (R2 (HR (R

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar as tendências da taxa de mortalidade e da idade média de morte e identificar os fatores sociodemográficos associados ao óbito precoce em pacientes com doença falciforme (DF). Métodos: Estudo ecológico e transversal realizado com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Foram incluídos todos os eventos de óbitos de pacientes residentes no estado de São Paulo de 1996 a 2015, que continham pelo menos um Código Internacional de Doenças para DF, em qualquer campo do atestado de óbito. As tendências foram estimadas por meio da regressão linear simples. Para a identificação dos fatores associados ao óbito precoce, foram realizadas análises de sobrevida, por meio da regressão de Cox simples e múltipla. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade, padronizada pela idade, por milhão de habitantes, aumentou 0,080 ao ano (R²=0,761; p<0,001). Quando os eventos foram estratificados por idade do óbito, naqueles que ocorreram com 20 anos ou mais, o aumento foi de 0,108 ao ano (R²=0,789; p<0,001) e, nos que ocorreram antes de 20 anos, foi de 0,023 ao ano (R²=0,188; p=0,056). A idade média ao morrer aumentou 0,617 ano por ano (R²=0,835; p<0,001). Os fatores associados ao óbito precoce identificados no modelo múltiplo foram: sexo masculino (hazard ratio — HR=1,30), raça branca (HR=1,16), morte dentro do hospital (HR=1,29) e moradia na Grande São Paulo (HR=1,13). Conclusões: Houve aumento da taxa de mortalidade e da idade média de óbito com DF nas duas últimas décadas estudadas. Os fatores sociodemográficos sexo, raça, local de ocorrência e município de residência estiveram associados com a faixa etária do óbito. Objetivo DF. . (DF) Métodos Mortalidade 199 2015 sobrevida múltipla Resultados habitantes 0080 0 080 0,08 R²=0,761 R²0761 R R² 761 (R²=0,761 p<0,001. p0001 p p<0,001 001 2 mais 0108 108 0,10 R²=0,789 R²0789 789 (R²=0,789 0023 023 0,02 R²=0,188 R²0188 188 (R²=0,188 p=0,056. p0056 p=0,056 056 p=0,056) 0617 617 0,61 R²=0,835 R²0835 835 (R²=0,835 hazard HR=1,30, HR130 HR HR=1,30 , 1 30 HR=1,30) HR=1,16, HR116 HR=1,16 16 (HR=1,16) HR=1,29 HR129 29 (HR=1,29 HR=1,13. HR113 HR=1,13 13 (HR=1,13) Conclusões estudadas (DF 19 201 008 08 0,0 R²=0,76 R²076 76 (R²=0,76 p000 p<0,00 00 010 10 0,1 R²=0,78 R²078 78 (R²=0,78 002 02 R²=0,18 R²018 18 (R²=0,18 p005 p=0,05 05 061 61 0,6 R²=0,83 R²083 83 (R²=0,83 HR13 HR=1,3 3 HR11 HR=1,1 (HR=1,16 HR=1,2 HR12 (HR=1,2 (HR=1,13 0, R²=0,7 R²07 7 (R²=0,7 p00 p<0,0 01 R²=0,1 R²01 (R²=0,1 p=0,0 06 6 R²=0,8 R²08 8 (R²=0,8 HR1 HR=1, (HR=1,1 (HR=1, R²=0, R²0 (R²=0, p0 p<0, p=0, HR=1 (HR=1 R²=0 (R²=0 p<0 p=0 HR= (HR= R²= (R²= p< p= (HR (R² (R

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the correlation between swallowing, language and cognition performance and describe the sociodemographic data of elderly people without previous neurological disorders. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study, with non-probabilistic sample for convenience and data collection by telecall. The aspiration screening test (Yale Swallow Protocol) was used to identify and exclude elderly people at risk of aspiration. Then, sociodemographic data were collected, and instruments were applied: activity of daily living (IADLs), risk of dysphagia (EAT-10), cognitive screening (Mini Mental State Examination - MMSE) and language (Montreal-Toulouse Language Battery - MTL-Brazil). Results The sample consisted of 32 elderly people from the Federal District, with a mean age of 69.00±7.73 years and schooling of 10.00±5.60 years. The scores on the EAT-10, MMSE and MTL Battery instruments were altered in four, 22 and 26 elderly, respectively, indicating, in this case, risk of dysphagia, suggestion of cognitive alteration and language alteration. Regarding food, of the total sample, 13 seniors (40%) complained of needing modified food, as well as 10 of these also obtained MMSE scores suggestive of cognitive alteration. When comparing the groups with and without complaints and/or risk of dysphagia, there was no statistically significant difference in relation to sociodemographic, cognitive and language variables. Binary logistic regression models also showed no statistically significant results. Conclusion The present study, when correlating the swallowing, language and cognition findings, did not obtain statistically significant results. It was observed that the elderly with swallowing complaints also showed results suggestive of cognitive and language changes in the tests performed, but there was no statistically significant difference in relation to the elderly without complaints or swallowing changes. disorders crosssectional cross sectional study nonprobabilistic non probabilistic telecall Yale Protocol Then collected applied IADLs, IADLs , (IADLs) EAT10, EAT10 EAT (EAT-10) Mini MontrealToulouse Montreal Toulouse MTLBrazil. MTLBrazil Brazil . MTL-Brazil) 3 District 6900773 69 00 7 73 69.00±7.7 1000560 5 60 10.00±5.6 10, EAT-10 four 2 respectively indicating case food 1 40% 40 (40% andor variables findings performed (IADLs EAT1 (EAT-10 MTL-Brazil 690077 6 0 69.00±7. 100056 10.00±5. EAT-1 4 (40 (EAT-1 69007 69.00±7 10005 10.00±5 EAT- (4 (EAT- 6900 69.00± 1000 10.00± ( (EAT 690 69.00 100 10.00 69.0 10.0 69. 10.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a correlação entre o desempenho de deglutição, linguagem e cognição e descrever os dados sociodemográficos de idosos sem alterações neurológicas prévias. Método Estudo transversal analítico, com amostra não-probabilística por conveniência e coleta de dados por telechamada. Foi aplicado o teste de triagem de broncoaspiração (Yale Swallow Protocol) para identificação e exclusão dos idosos com risco de broncoaspiração. Em seguida, realizou-se coleta de dados sociodemográficos e aplicação dos instrumentos de: atividade de vida diária (AIVDs), risco de disfagia (EAT-10), rastreio cognitivo (Mini Exame do Estado Mental – MEEM) e linguagem (Bateria Montreal-Toulouse de Linguagem – MTL-Brasil). Resultados A amostra foi composta por 32 idosos do Distrito Federal, com média de idade de 69,00±7,73 anos e de escolaridade de 10,00±5,60 anos. Os escores nos instrumentos EAT-10, MEEM e Bateria MTL apresentaram-se alterados em quatro, 22 e 26 idosos, respectivamente, indicando, nesse caso, risco de disfagia, sugestão de alteração cognitiva e alteração da linguagem. Sobre a alimentação, do total da amostra, 13 idosos (40%) apresentaram queixa de necessidade de comida modificada, bem como 10 desses também obtiveram escore no MEEM sugestivo de alteração cognitiva. Ao comparar os grupos com e sem queixa e/ou risco de disfagia, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação às variáveis sociodemográficas, cognitivas e de linguagem. Os modelos de regressão logística binária também evidenciaram resultados sem significância estatística. Conclusão O presente estudo, ao correlacionar os achados de deglutição, linguagem e cognição, não obteve resultados estatisticamente significantes. Observou-se que os idosos com queixa de deglutição também apresentaram resultados sugestivos de alteração cognitiva e de linguagem nos testes realizados, mas não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação aos idosos sem queixa ou alteração de deglutição. prévias analítico nãoprobabilística probabilística telechamada Yale Protocol seguida realizouse realizou se AIVDs, AIVDs , (AIVDs) EAT10, EAT10 EAT (EAT-10) Mini MontrealToulouse Montreal Toulouse MTLBrasil. MTLBrasil Brasil . MTL-Brasil) 3 Federal 6900773 69 00 7 73 69,00±7,7 1000560 5 60 10,00±5,6 10, EAT-10 apresentaramse quatro 2 respectivamente indicando caso alimentação 1 40% 40 (40% modificada eou sociodemográficas estatística estudo significantes Observouse Observou realizados (AIVDs EAT1 (EAT-10 MTL-Brasil 690077 6 0 69,00±7, 100056 10,00±5, EAT-1 4 (40 (EAT-1 69007 69,00±7 10005 10,00±5 EAT- (4 (EAT- 6900 69,00± 1000 10,00± ( (EAT 690 69,00 100 10,00 69,0 10,0 69,

Abstract The identification of barriers to regular physical activity (PA) is a form of an initial and effective strategy to encourage behavior modification and adherence to a more active lifestyle in hypertensive patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the barriers to PA practice in patients with hypertension classified as physically inactive and to analyze the association of the number of these barriers with sociodemographic factors and health indicators. Two hundred one hypertensive patients of both sexes (61.7±12.7 years) answered an anamnesis with health information and sociodemographic data, a PA level questionnaire, and a barrier questionnaire for the practice of PA. Regarding the level of PA of the participants, 48.8% were classified as physically inactive and reported, on average, 6.1 (±3.8) barriers to PA practice, with the barrier “fear of falling or getting hurt” the most commonly reported. Furthermore, women and patients with low education, negative perception of health, and a greater presence of comorbidities reported a greater number of barriers to PA practice. PA practice as a non-pharmacological tool for the treatment of hypertension should focus on women and patients with low education, negative perception of health, and a greater presence of associated comorbidities. (PA crosssectional cross sectional indicators 61.7±12.7 617127 61 7 12 (61.7±12. years data participants 488 48 8 48.8 average 6 1 6. ±3.8 38 3 (±3.8 fear hurt Furthermore education nonpharmacological non pharmacological 61.7±12. 61712 (61.7±12 4 48. ±3. (±3. 61.7±12 6171 (61.7±1 ±3 (±3 61.7±1 617 (61.7± ± (± 61.7± (61.7 ( 61.7 (61. 61. (61 (6

Resumo A identificação de barreiras à atividade física regular (AF) é uma forma de estratégia inicial e eficaz para encorajar a modificação do comportamento e a adesão a um estilo de vida mais ativo em pacientes hipertensivos. Este estudo transversal visou identificar as barreiras à prática de AF em pacientes com hipertensão classificados como fisicamente inativos e analisar a associação do número destas barreiras com fatores sociodemográficos e indicadores de saúde. Duzentos e um pacientes hipertensos de ambos os sexos (61.7±12.7 anos) responderam a uma anamnese com informações de saúde e dados sociodemográficos, um questionário de nível de AF, e um questionário de barreira para a prática de AF. Relativamente ao nível de AF dos participantes, 48,8% foram classificados como fisicamente inativos e reportaram, em média, 6,1 (±3,8) barreiras à prática de AF, sendo a barreira “medo de cair ou de se magoar” a mais frequentemente reportada. Além disso, mulheres e pacientes com baixa educação, percepção negativa da saúde, e uma maior presença de comorbidades reportaram um maior número de barreiras à prática de AF. A prática de AF como ferramenta não farmacológica para o tratamento da hipertensão deve ter como foco mulheres e pacientes com baixa escolaridade, percepção negativa de saúde e maior presença de comorbidades associadas. (AF hipertensivos 61.7±12.7 617127 61 7 12 (61.7±12. anos participantes 488 48 8 48,8 média 6 1 6, ±3,8 38 3 (±3,8 medo magoar reportada disso educação escolaridade associadas 61.7±12. 61712 (61.7±12 4 48, ±3, (±3, 61.7±12 6171 (61.7±1 ±3 (±3 61.7±1 617 (61.7± ± (± 61.7± (61.7 ( 61.7 (61. 61. (61 (6

Abstract This geographic study on the epidemiology of Chagas disease (CD) highlights the importance of analyzing its spatial distribution to understand its spread. Factors such as sociodemography and the environmental and economic contexts are considered to identify high-prevalence areas. Given the transmission through triatomine insects, the study also includes entomological aspects. The study focused on the state of Yucatan, hypothesizing differences at the municipal level in the distribution of populations and the socioeconomic conditions that influence new infections with Trypanosoma cruzi. The period studied was established based on the analysis of the official statistics available about new cases of infection with T. cruzi from 2003 and the entomological indicators from 2015, both until 2022. The methodology included data by municipality loaded into a geographic information system per unit of time, followed by calculating incidence and prevalence rates. The nominal municipal marginalization index was used to assess poverty dimensions. The information was integrated with socio-demographic data from Mexico’s National Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística, INEGI) and the National Population Council (Consejo Nacional de Población, CONAPO). Finally, we conducted a correlation analysis applying a non-parametric test between entomological and socio-demographic variables, estimating the interdependence of entomological and epidemiological variables and their relationship with social factors. CD is ubiquitous in Yucatán, being more prevalent in the city of Mérida and its metropolitan area, as well as in the main urban centers and surrounding municipalities with a high population density to the south and east of the state (mainly in the municipalities of Ticul and Valladolid). The temporal distribution of the triatomine insects varied seasonally, with greater detection and collection in May 2016 and 2017. A time series analysis found no relationship between epidemiological and entomological variables. The significant correlation of epidemiological variables with the number of triatomine insects indicates the medical importance of vector transmission of the parasite in Yucatán. The evidence found suggests that living conditions - the most important socioeconomic and demographic variables at the municipal level as drivers for the vector transmission of T. cruzi and CD - were unpaved floor in houses, percentage of illiterate population aged 15 years and older, and overcrowding in households, all of them proxies of the nominal marginalization index, which was also significantly correlated with the infection rate in humans. Similarly, the correlation analysis suggests the effect of the interaction of urbanization processes, environmental modification, and the increasing human population density on the epidemiology of CD in Yucatán. In the Discussion, we argue that urbanization might influence the exposure of people to triatomine insects and affect the social vulnerability to face the threat of T. cruzi, either because it affects the household space, as well as the prevention and the availability of assets and inputs related to access to comprehensive healthcare. We also discuss the marked differences in epidemiological and entomological aspects between adjacent or similar municipalities, beyond the ecological characteristics, based on differences in the operation efficacy of monitoring programs and the urban location of technical-administrative units, and the main clinical centers and laboratories of the healthcare sector in the interior of the state. The main limitations of the study were the complexity of considering poverty as a dynamic and multidimensional process and the underreporting of CD cases due to its political and institutional neglect. This study provided a first approach to answering questions about the epidemiological situation of CD as a public health problem in Yucatán and knowing its spatial distribution. Furthermore, the present study challenges the geographically focused vision of government actions, which have addressed mainly vector control, and suggests that, due to the relationship of CD with the living conditions and socio-demographic and urbanization phenomena, this issue should be understood and approached from a broader and comprehensive perspective in public policy, including health aspects, given the complexity of the phenomenon, in parallel with the urgent need to provide access to comprehensive healthcare for those affected.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the profile of graduates of the Postgraduate Program (PGP) in Cardiology of a public federal university, according to sociodemographic factors and professional trajectory. Methods: The variables were collected from databases from the observed institution and digital platforms. The analysis of differences between the various levels of degrees was carried out in three cohorts: the entire historical series (graduates from 1978–2021), the first 20 years (1978–1997) and the second 20 years (1998–2018). Results: The results demonstrated that most students from the PGP completed a PhD and are men over 30 years old, they came from public universities and the Southeast region. In the first 20 years, significant differences were observed in the distribution of masters and doctors working professionally at the institution analyzed, as well as in the age of the students. In the 20 years of the second half, there were differences between masters and PhD working professionally in the institution itself, as they came from private universities, they are women and PhD. Conclusions: The changes in the profile of masters and PhD that graduated from this PGP in cardiology reflect transformations that occurred in the job market and academy over the decades. Purpose (PGP university trajectory Methods platforms cohorts 1978–2021, 19782021 1978–2021 , 1978 2021 1978–2021) 2 1978–1997 19781997 1997 (1978–1997 1998–2018. 19982018 1998–2018 . 1998 2018 (1998–2018) Results 3 old region analyzed half itself Conclusions decades 1978202 1978–202 197 202 1978–199 1978199 199 (1978–199 1998201 1998–201 201 (1998–2018 197820 1978–20 19 1978–19 197819 (1978–19 199820 1998–20 (1998–201 19782 1978–2 1 1978–1 19781 (1978–1 19982 1998–2 (1998–20 1978– (1978– 1998– (1998–2 (1978 (1998– (197 (1998 (19 (199 (1 (

Abstract Introduction Public policies for older people encourage interventions aimed at preserving or improving their functional capacity and autonomy. Some of these policies emphasize self-care practices and the strengthening of daily activities, especially in primary healthcare. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the functional capacity and self-care practices of older users of primary healthcare in Brazil and their association with indicators of social vulnerability. Method This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted with 128 older individuals. Results The results showed that being male, frail, and having diabetes and depression increases the likelihood of having difficulties in basic activities. They also showed that being female, aged over 80 years, frail, having poor self-perception of health, chronic conditions, anemia, osteoarthritis, and depression influence functional outcomes in instrumental activities. Conclusion The characterization of older people regarding sociodemographic data, self-perception of health, chronic conditions, level of frailty, and their relation to functional capacity and self-care is novel and relevant, given the scarcity of scientific studies assessing these aspects as compensatory practices for functional difficulties, as well as the associated factors, especially in older individuals residing in areas with indicators of vulnerability. autonomy selfcare self care activities vulnerability quantitative crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional descriptive 12 male frail female 8 years selfperception perception health conditions anemia osteoarthritis data frailty relevant factors 1

Resumo Introdução As políticas públicas para idosos incentivam intervenções que visam preservar ou melhorar sua capacidade funcional e a autonomia. Algumas dessas políticas enfatizam as práticas de autocuidado e o fortalecimento das atividades diárias, especialmente na atenção primária à saúde. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade funcional e as práticas de autocuidado de idosos usuários da atenção primária no Brasil e sua associação com indicadores de vulnerabilidade social. Método Estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo e analítico conduzido com 128 idosos. Resultados Os resultados mostraram que ser homem, fragilizado, com diabetes e depressão aumenta a probabilidade de ter dificuldades nas atividades básicas. Eles também mostraram que ser mulher, com idade superior a 80 anos, fragilidade, má autopercepção de saúde, condições crônicas, anemia, artrose e depressão influenciam os resultados funcionais nas atividades instrumentais. Conclusão A caracterização dos idosos quanto aos dados sociodemográficos, autopercepção de saúde, condições crônicas, nível de fragilidade e sua relação com a capacidade funcional e o autocuidado é inédita e relevante, dada a escassez de estudos científicos que avaliem esses aspectos como práticas compensatórias para dificuldades funcionais, bem como os fatores associados, especialmente em idosos residentes em áreas com indicadores de vulnerabilidade. autonomia diárias saúde social quantitativo transversal 12 homem fragilizado básicas mulher 8 anos crônicas anemia instrumentais sociodemográficos relevante associados 1

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time trend of sweetened beverages consumption among Brazilian adults in 26 capitals and the Federal District, from 2007 to 2021, with focus on the most recent period (2015 to 2021). METHODS: Data from the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel - Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey)were used to conduct a time-series analysis (n = 731,683). The prevalence of regular consumption (five or more days/week), average daily consumption (milliliters) and nonconsumption of sweetened beverages were analyzed. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to calculate temporal trends of the indicators for the complete set of the evaluated population and by sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age group, schooling and development level of the geographic region of residence). RESULTS: Between 2007 and 2021, a reduction in the prevalence of regular consumption (-1.23 pp/year) and daily average consumption (-8.62 milliliters/year) of sweetened beverages was observed. However, between 2015 and 2021, this downward trend did not continue. The prevalence of adults who reported not consuming sweetened beverages increased (1.14 pp/year, for 2007–21), although this trend was not significant in the most recent period. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of sweetened beverages among Brazilian adults decreased in the 15 years studied. However, this reduction was not observed more recently, suggesting that further actions must be adopted in the country so that the trend observed in the total period is maintained.

Resumo Objetivos: Analisar o fluxo das consultas das pessoas com deficiência realizadas na clínica universitária da FMDUL, caracterizar os seus clientes e relacionar o estado de saúde dentário com o tipo de deficiência principal, o nível de dependência, dificuldades na higiene oral e a frequência de consultas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, com uma amostra de 555 indivíduos que frequentaram a consulta para pessoas com deficiência da FMDUL, entre 2015-2019. Os dados de índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD), índice de hemorragia e índice de depósitos foram recolhidos dos processos clínicos. A análise estatística incluiu os testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney com um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Durante o período de estudo foram efetuadas 3120 consultas. O índice CPOD foi de 9,51 (±7,49) e era mais elevado nos indivíduos com deficiência intelectual (p<0,001), nos independentes/autónomos (p<0,001) e nos que frequentavam a consulta há mais tempo (p<0,001). A hemorragia gengival era menor nos indivíduos autónomos (p=0,013). Os indivíduos que frequentavam mais regularmente a consulta apresentaram menores valores de hemorragia e de placa bacteriana embora sem diferença significativa. Os valores de dentes cariados (p=0,02), de hemorragia (p<0,001) e de placa bacteriana (p=0,004) foram mais elevados nos indivíduos não cooperantes. Conclusões: Os indicadores de saúde dentária dos indivíduos que frequentam a consulta de higiene oral são positivos e são influenciados pela dependência nas atividades de vida diária e autonomia na higiene oral, assim como pela cooperação na consulta.

Abstract Objectives: Analyze the flow of appointments at the Dental Hygiene Clinic for People with Disabilities at FMDUL, characterize their clients, and relate their dental health status with their main disability, level of dependency, difficulties in oral hygiene, and frequency of appointments. Methods: This observational, analytical, cross-sectional study included a sample of 555 patients who attended the Dental Hygiene Clinic for People with Disabilities at FMDUL between 2015 and 2019. The decayed missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index, bleeding index, and debris index were collected from clinical records. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with a significance level of 5%. Results: During the study period, 3120 appointments were carried out. The DMFT index was 9.51(±7.49) and was higher in individuals with intellectual disabilities (p<0.001), in independent/ autonomous individuals (p<0.001), and in those who attended the clinic for a longer time (p<0.001). Gingival bleeding was lower in autonomous individuals (p=0.013). More regular users had less bleeding and bacterial plaque, although without significant differences. The values of decayed teeth (p=0.02), bleeding (p<0.001), and bacterial plaque (p=0.004) were higher in uncooperative individuals. Conclusions: The dental health indicators of individuals who attend the dental hygiene clinic are positive and are influenced by dependency on activities of daily living, autonomy in oral hygiene, and cooperation in the appointments.