Abstract: The municipality of Cuautlancingo used to agricultural production was interfered by the insertion of new urban areas causing land use speculation resulting in the reconfiguration of public spaces such as streets and avenues. The objective is to illustrate how urban expansion, through changes in land use, has interfered with the socio-spatial valuation among the inhabitants of the neighborhood of San Juan and the new housing areas, leading to conflicts in the use, access, and appropriation of public space, exemplified by Morelos Avenue. The methodology used is of a mixed nature, using GIS for the spatial analysis of urban growth. Among the main findings, it is presented how the changes in land use in the last three decades and the appearance of new housing complexes affected the sociocultural valuation of the neighborhood of San Juan Cuautlancingo.

Resumen: El municipio de Cuautlancingo habituado a la producción agrícola fue interferido por la inserción de nuevas zonas urbanas provocando la especulación del uso de suelo, de modo que los espacios públicos como las calles y avenidas se han ido reconfigurando. El objetivo es mostrar cómo la expansión urbana por el cambio de uso de suelo ha ido interfiriendo en la valoración socioespacial entre los habitantes del barrio de San Juan y de las nuevas zonas habitacionales que chocan con el uso, acceso y apropiación del espacio público por sus diversas expresiones socioculturales y religiosas como es el caso de la Avenida Morelos. La metodología utilizada es de carácter mixto, utilizando los SIG para el análisis espacial del crecimiento urbano. Entre los principales hallazgos se presenta cómo los cambios de uso de suelo de las tres últimas décadas y la aparición de nuevos complejos habitacionales fueron afectando la valoración sociocultural del barrio de San Juan Cuautlancingo.

Abstract: This article has been constructed from life stories of victims/survivors of power abuse and/or sexual abuse perpetrated by priests of the Catholic Church. It shows that the context in which the abuses occur is composed of a corpus of beliefs, a relational environment based on domination, and sociocultural elements that, together, operate as risk factors or factors that invisibilize, naturalize, or allow abuses. It also makes explicit that such a context, coupled with the abusive interaction of the perpetrator and the relational harms that emerge, is part of a systemic relational labyrinth.

Resumen: El presente artículo ha sido construido a partir de relatos de vida de víctimas/sobrevivientes de abuso de poder y/o sexual perpetrado por sacerdotes de la Iglesia católica. Determina que el contexto en el que se desarrollan los abusos está compuesto de un corpus de creencias, un ambiente relacional basado en la dominación y elementos socioculturales que, en su conjunto, operan como factores de riesgo o factores que invisibilizan, naturalizan o permiten los abusos. Explicita, además, que el contexto, la interacción abusiva del perpetrador y los males relacionales que emergen forman parte de un laberinto relacional sistémico.

Abstract Context: Female Sexual Dysfunctions (FSD) are prevalent conditions, can occur in any stage of life and can severely affect women’s quality of life. The etiology of FSD is often multifactorial, including biologic, psychological, interpersonal and sociocultural factors. Objectives: To evaluate FSD in a Portuguese population and what factors can influence the female sexual function. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and September of 2023. Participants filled an anonymous online survey, including a demographic questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for evaluation of sexual function. Inclusion criteria: age between 18 and 75 years old, residence in Portugal and being in a heterosexual relationship. The total score FSFI and domain scores (desire, arousal, lubrification, orgasm, satisfaction and discomfort) were analyzed using SPSS 22®. Results: A total of 401 women completed the questionnaire, 393 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Women had a mean age of 41,6 years (range: 20-71 years). From these, 48% of women reported being moderately satisfied or very satisfied with their sex life and 9,6% reported no sexual intercourse in the past 4 weeks. Among sexually active women, the mean total FSFI score was 27.37 (range: 7.5-34.5±4.99) and 36% met the criteria for sexual dysfunction (FSFI score ≤ 26.55). Post-menopausal participants, when compared to women in reproductive age, had a lower mean total score and also had lower mean scores across all domains, except for discomfort (p<0.05). Women with children or a BMI ≥ 25 had lower mean total score and lower mean scores for desire, arousal and satisfaction domains (p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of FSD was 36%. These findings highlight the importance of addressing FSD as a significant concern for women health and quality of life and the need for training and awareness among healthcare professionals.

Resumo Introdução: As disfunções sexuais femininas (DSF) são condições prevalentes. Estas podem ocorrer em qualquer fase da vida e podem afetar negativamente a qualidade de vida de muitas mulheres. A etiologia das DSF é frequentemente multifatorial, incluindo fatores biológicos, psicológicos, interpessoais e socioculturais. Objetivos: Avaliar as DSF em mulheres portuguesas e identificar possíveis fatores que possam influenciar a sexualidade feminina. Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional realizado entre agosto e setembro de 2023, através do preenchimento de questionário online anónimo, que incluía um questionário demográfico e o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) para avaliação da resposta sexual. A pontuação total e dos domínios (desejo, excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação e desconforto) foram analisados utilizando o SPSS 22®. Resultados: De um total de 401 mulheres que completaram o questionário, 393 preenchiam os critérios de inclusão no estudo. A idade média das inquiridas foi de 41,6 anos (20-71 anos). Quando questionadas, 74% das mulheres referiram estar moderadamente satisfeitas ou muito satisfeitas com a sua vida sexual e 9,6% das mulheres referiu ausência de relações sexuais nas últimas quatro semanas. Entre as mulheres sexualmente ativas, a pontuação média total do FSFI foi de 27,37 (7,5-34,5±4,99) e 36% preenchiam os critérios para disfunção sexual (Pontuação FSFI ≤ 26,55). As participantes na pós-menopausa, em comparação com as mulheres em idade reprodutiva, apresentaram uma pontuação média total inferior, assim como pontuações médias inferiores em todos os domínios, exceto no desconforto (p<0,05). Mulheres com filhos ou com IMC ≥25 tiveram uma pontuação média total e pontuações médias inferiores nos domínios do desejo, excitação e satisfação (p<0,05). Conclusões: A prevalência de problemas sexuais na população em estudo foi de 36%. Estes achados destacam a importância de abordar as DSF como uma preocupação na saúde e qualidade de vida das mulheres e da necessidade de formação e sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde.

RESUMEN En el análisis de género de la cultura, en la estructura cultural del género, es muy importante estudiar la relación entre los estilos de pensamiento por sexo y los paradigmas de comprensión masculinos y femeninos. En las sociedades patriarcales, durante mucho tiempo se ha formado la idea de que las mujeres no tienen la capacidad de pensar con lógica, este privilegio le fue otorgado al hombre. Sin embargo, las investigaciones ya muestran resultados en contra de esta idea. En una sociedad dominada por la lógica masculina, la mujer se socializa aceptando las reglas del pensamiento masculino, incluida la adopción de roles y estereotipos de género. En tal situación, o, mejor dicho, la cosmovisión formada durante el período en que prevalece la lógica masculinista, determina la asimetría de género. Si bien las expectativas sobre el sexo pueden variar mucho entre culturas, algunas de sus características son comunes a muchas culturas. Hoy en día existe un debate en curso sobre si los roles y tipos de género están determinados biológicamente o son el resultado de constructos socioculturales. Así, los estudios de género, que son un campo multidisciplinario de la ciencia, estudian los temas que estudian en la intersección de varias ciencias (sociología, filosofía, pedagogía, psicología, ciencias políticas, historia, estudios culturales, etc.). En esta investigación se abordan conceptos y estereotipos básicos de género en el aspecto sociocultural y se destaca el contexto de Azerbaiyán.

ABSTRACT In the gender analysis of culture, in the cultural structure of gender, it is very important to study the relationship between male and female thinking styles, and masculine and feminine paradigms of understanding. In patriarchal societies, for a long time, an idea has been formed that woman cannot think logically, this privilege was given to a man. However, research already shows results against this idea. In a society dominated by male logic, a woman is socialized by accepting the rules of male thinking, including adopting gender roles and stereotypes. In such a situation, or rather, the worldview formed during the period when masculinist logic prevails, determines gender asymmetry. While expectations about sex can vary greatly between cultures, some of its characteristics are common to many cultures. Today, there is an ongoing debate about whether gender roles and types are biologically determined or the result of sociocultural constructs. Thus, gender studies, which is a multidisciplinary field of science, studies the topics it studies at the intersection of several sciences (sociology, philosophy, pedagogy, psychology, political sciences, history, cultural studies, etc.). In this research, basic gender concepts and stereotypes are addressed in the socio-cultural aspect, and the context of Azerbaijan is highlighted.

RESUMEN Esta reflexión emerge de un proyecto educativo orientado a mejorar algunos aspectos relacionados con el acceso y manejo del agua en tres barrios informales. El objetivo es reflexionar acerca de las nociones de territorio que se construyen en el contexto de proyectos educativos en comunidades que habitan barrios informales. El proyecto inició con la conformación de un grupo de participantes quienes realizaron la cartografía social de sus barrios para identificar aspectos críticos sobre agua y saneamiento. La validación de los mapas y los recorridos por cada sector aportaron elementos para los talleres relacionados con acceso, manejo, cuidado y derecho al agua, que posteriormente fueron multiplicados en cada comunidad. Este proceso permitió reconocer situaciones relacionadas con la negación del derecho al agua, el malestar, la tensión entre ilegalidad e informalidad, las maneras en que las comunidades resuelven sus necesidades y las relaciones que establecen con su territorio, en medio de grandes inequidades. En conclusión, existe una relación profunda entre salud y territorio, que se hace más evidente en comunidades en condiciones críticas. Los proyectos de educación para la salud requieren hacer un trabajo situado y establecer una mirada interdisciplinaria, que reconozca la complejidad e interdependencia de las dinámicas sociales y ambientales. informales saneamiento comunidad malestar informalidad inequidades conclusión críticas interdisciplinaria ambientales

ABSTRACT This reflection derives from an educational project focused on raising awareness about some aspects related to the access and management of water in three disadvantaged neighborhoods. The objective is to reflect on the notions of territory build in the context of educational projects in communities inhabiting disadvantaged neighborhoods. The project began with the formation of a group of participants who carried out social mapping of their neighborhoods to identify critical aspects of water and sanitation. Map validation and the paths followed in each sector provided the input to design the workshops, related to access, management, care and the right to water, which were subsequently multiplied in each community. This process allowed us to understand the situations derived from the denial of access to water, discomfort, and tension between illegality and informality as the modes people in these communities have chosen to address their needs, and the relationships they establish with their territory in the midst of huge inequalities. In conclusion, there is a deep relationship between health and territory which is blatant in communities that face critical life conditions. The projects on health education require situated work and to define an interdisciplinary perspective that acknowledges the complexity and interdependence of social and environmental dynamics. sanitation workshops community discomfort needs inequalities conclusion conditions dynamics

RESUMO Este ensaio discute a dimensão metodológica na pesquisa qualitativa para apoiar movimentos de transição paradigmática da saúde coletiva. Busca refletir sobre limites, necessidades, desafios e avanços que os autores têm construído para trabalhar ‘junto com’ os territórios, as organizações comunitárias e os movimentos sociais que neles atuam a partir de metodologias sensíveis co-labor-ativas. Um dos objetivos principais dessas metodologias envolve o poder de agência em processos instituintes dos sujeitos que vivem, trabalham e se mobilizam nos territórios, em particular, no reconhecer, validar e apoiar a produção de conhecimentos voltados à transformação social, à luta por direitos, à busca por dignidade e do bem viver. A partir da construção de Territórios Sustentáveis e Saudáveis no contexto de uma agenda marcada por crises socioambientais, propõe-se um resgate da epistemologia com sabedoria que alie dimensões ontológicas, metodológicas, pedagógicas, artísticas e afetivas. Nesse sentido, a transformação social também implica a mudança de um modelo hegemônico de ciência que, em nome da objetividade, exclui sistemas de conhecimentos e experiências nascidas em outras esferas da vida em comunidade, inclusive as tradicionais. Encerra-se com uma breve apresentação de experiências recentes de encontros de saberes e projetos de pesquisa que ilustram as metodologias sensíveis propostas. coletiva limites necessidades junto territórios colaborativas. colaborativas co labor ativas. ativas co-labor-ativas vivem particular reconhecer direitos viver socioambientais propõese propõe ontológicas metodológicas pedagógicas afetivas sentido objetividade comunidade tradicionais Encerrase Encerra propostas

ABSTRACT This essay discusses the methodological dimension in qualitative research in supporting movements of paradigmatic transition in public health. It reflects on the limits, needs, challenges and advances that the authors have been building to ‘work together’ with territories, community organizations and social movements that act within them, based on sensible collaborative methodologies. One of the main objectives of these methodologies involves the power of agency in instituting processes of the subjects who live, work and mobilize within the territories, in particular in recognizing, validating and supporting the production of knowledges aimed at social transformation, the struggle for rights, the search for dignity and well living. From the construction of Sustainable and Healthy Territories in the context of an agenda marked by socio-environmental crises, we propose a retrieval of epistemology with wisdom that combines ontological, methodological, pedagogical, artistic and affective dimensions. In this sense, social transformation also implies changing a hegemonic model of science that, in the name of objectivity, excludes knowledge systems and experiences born in other spheres of community life, including traditional ones. We end with a brief presentation of recent experiences of knowledges encounters and research projects that illustrate the proposed sensible methodologies. health limits needs together territories them live recognizing rights living socioenvironmental socio environmental crises ontological pedagogical dimensions sense objectivity life ones

RESUMO A pandemia da covid-19 provocou impactos profundos na sociedade brasileira, mas pouca atenção foi endereçada à determinação socioambiental da saúde de populações periféricas. Este projeto surge nesse contexto com a proposta de identificar desafios e potencialidades do enfrentamento da pandemia e suas consequências em três territórios periféricos e vulnerabilizados do estado do Rio de Janeiro. O edital Inova-TSS foi a oportunidade de desenvolver uma pesquisa que, além de gerar dados, contribuísse para potencializar esses territórios para lidar melhor com esse desafio, contribuindo assim para torná-los mais sustentáveis e saudáveis. Apoiado na Educação Popular e em outras perspectivas dialógicas e participativas, este é um estudo qualitativo que conjugou pesquisa, formação, extensão e estratégias de pesquisa quantitativa, sendo desenvolvido em parceria com cinco movimentos sociais, desde a sua gênese. Por sugestão dessas organizações, a pesquisa foi articulada a uma ação da campanha popular ‘Periferia Viva’: um curso de Agentes Populares de Saúde oferecido nos mesmos territórios da pesquisa onde essas organizações já atuavam. Este relato de experiência propõe-se a compartilhar desafios e potências do processo constitutivo dessa investigação, que integrou militantes, profissionais da saúde e moradoras(es) das comunidades beneficiadas como pesquisadoras(es) populares, reconhecendo sua condição como sujeitos na produção de conhecimentos. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 brasileira periféricas Janeiro InovaTSS Inova TSS dados desafio tornálos torná los saudáveis participativas formação quantitativa sociais gênese Periferia Viva Viva’ atuavam propõese propõe se investigação militantes moradorases moradoras es moradoras(es pesquisadorases pesquisadoras pesquisadoras(es populares conhecimentos covid1 1 covid-

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic had profound impacts on Brazilian society, but little attention was paid to the socio-environmental determination of the health of peripheral populations. This project arises in this context, with the proposal to identify challenges and potential in confronting the pandemic and its consequences in three peripheral and vulnerable territories in Rio de Janeiro. The Inova-TSS notice was the opportunity to develop research that, simultaneously to generating data, would contribute to empowering these territories to better deal with this challenge, thus contributing to making them more sustainable and healthier. Supported by Popular Education and other dialogical perspectives, this is a qualitative study that combined research, training, extension and quantitative research strategies, and was developed in partnership with five social movements, since its genesis. At the suggestion of these organizations, the research was linked to an action of the popular campaign ‘Periferia Viva’, a course for Popular Health Agents offered in the same territories as the research, where these organizations were already operating. This experience report aims to share challenges and strengths of the constitutive process of this investigation, which integrated activists, health professionals, and residents of benefiting communities as popular researchers, recognizing their condition as subjects in knowledge production. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 society socioenvironmental socio environmental populations context Janeiro InovaTSS Inova TSS data challenge healthier perspectives training strategies movements genesis Periferia Viva, Viva , Viva’ operating investigation activists professionals researchers production COVID1 1 COVID-

Resumo As ideias de região presentes em quatro trajetos teórico-críticos produzidos na interseção entre crítica literária, antropologia e sociologia - As Américas e a civilização de Darcy Ribeiro, Transculturação narrativa na América Latina de Ángel Rama, Literatura e subdesenvolvimento e O Paraná e sua expressão literária de Adolfo Prieto - são revisitadas e revisadas. Essas propostas são abordadas levando em consideração as conexões intelectuais entre seus autores, com o objetivo de situá-las no contexto sociocultural dos anos sessenta e questionar o que poderia subsistir das proposições de regiões culturais latino-americanas. A formação de uma coordenada geopolítica universitária possibilita um diálogo transfronteiriço em torno dessa questão comum. Dessa forma, responde-se ao projeto nacional moderno com a formulação de expressões literárias que incorporam conteúdos da cultura popular, com a aspiração de compreender seu processo formativo e seus problemas de desenvolvimento, e com o desenvolvimento de outras possíveis cartografias..

Resumen Las ideas de región presentes en cuatro recorridos teórico-críticos producidos en los cruces entre crítica literaria, antropología y sociología: Las Américas y la civilización de Darcy Ribeiro, Transculturación narrativa en América Latina de Ángel Rama, Literatura y subdesarrollo . El Paraná y su expresión literaria de Adolfo Prieto son revisitadas y revisadas. Se abordan a partir de las conexiones intelectuales entre sus autores, con el fin de situarlas en la coyuntura socio-cultural de los sesenta e interrogar qué podría subsistir de las postulaciones de regiones culturales latinoamericanas. La conformación de una coordenada geopolítica universitaria habilita un diálogo transfronterizo alrededor de esta problemática común. Se contesta, de esta manera, el proyecto nacional moderno con la formulación de expresiones literarias que incorporan contenidos de la cultura popular, con la aspiración de conocer su proceso formativo y sus problemas de desarrollo, y con el diseño de otras cartografías posibles.

Abstract This text offers a review of the ideas of region in four theoretical-critical tours produced at the intersection between literary criticism, anthropology and sociology: The Americas and Civilization by Darcy Ribeiro, Writing across Cultures: Narrative Transculturation in Latin America by Ángel Rama, Literatura y subdesarrollo and El Paraná y su expresión literaria by Adolfo Prieto. We approach these notions by considering the intellectual connections between their authors, in order to contextualize them within the socio-cultural context of the 1960s and to ask how the propositions of Latin American cultural regions might endure today. The formation of a university geopolitical framework enables cross-border dialogue around this shared issue. Thus, the modern national project is addressed by formulating literary expressions that incorporate elements of popular culture, with the aim of understanding their formative process and developmental challenges, while also envisioning alternative possible mappings.

Abstract: In Latin America, scales have been built to assess Early Child Development (EChD), most of them for direct evaluations. In Chile, the Psychomotor Development Evaluation Scale (EEDP) and the Test of Psychomotor Development (TEPSI) were developed in the 70’s and 80’s and are still used in different Spanish-speaking countries, but have not been updated or revalidated. In response to the need for a new instrument built in Chile for the evaluation of EChD on a large scale, the Test of Early Learning and Development (TADI-2, for its acronym in Spanish) was built and standardized between 2009 and 2012. This was updated and strengthened between 2018 and 2023 as TADI-2. Objective: To describe the main methodological requirements considered in the construction of a health measurement instrument and, in this context, to analyze the validity of the TADI-2. Development: The rigorous validation process of the TADI-2 stands out, complying with the standards of content selection, standardization, reliability, validity in different sociocultural and ethnic environments, low cost, easy application and open use. Sensitivity for the global score in 4- and 5-year-olds was very good and, in younger children, moderate. Conclusions: The gathered evidence shows that the TADI-2 may be implemented for EChD screening through direct assessment of children under 6 years of age in Chile and the rest of the continent. It is recommended to continue studying the instrument in larger samples to know the consistency of the results in complementary and population-based studies.

Resumen: En Latinoamérica se han construido distintas escalas para la evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano (DIT), la mayoría de aplicación directa. En Chile, en los años 70-80 se crearon la Escala de Evaluación del Desarrollo Psicomotor (EEDP) y el Test de Desarrollo Psicomotor (TEPSI), utilizadas hasta la actualidad en distintos países hispanoparlantes, sin que hayan sido actualizadas ni revalidadas. En respuesta a la necesidad de contar con un nuevo instrumento construido en Chile para la evaluación del DIT a gran escala, entre los años 2009 y 2012 se construyó y estandarizó el Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil (TADI). Este fue actualizado y robustecido entre 2018 y 2023 como TADI-2. Objetivo: Describir los principales requerimientos metodológicos considerados en la construcción de un instrumento de medición en salud y, en ese contexto, analizar la validez del TADI-2. Desarrollo: Destaca el riguroso proceso de validación del TADI-2, cumpliendo con los estándares de selección de contenido, estandarización, confiabilidad, validez en distintos entornos socioculturales y étnicos, bajo costo, fácil aplicación y uso abierto. La sensibilidad para el puntaje global en los niños/ as de 4 y 5 años fue muy buena y, en los menores, moderada. Conclusiones: La evidencia recabada muestra que el TADI-2 puede ser implementado para el tamizaje del DIT a través de aplicación directa, de los niños/as menores de 6 años de Chile y resto del continente. Se recomienda continuar estudiando el instrumento en muestras más amplias para conocer la consistencia de los resultados en estudios complementarios y poblacionales.

Abstract This article presents some of the results regarding sociocultural factors that favor the permanence in Higher Education of the Bribri indigenous community. These are derived from the research entitled Permanence of the Bribri indigenous student body of the Rodrigo Facio Brenes Campus, University of Costa Rica: intercultural approach, which was carried out between 2018-2019. The research starts from the naturalistic paradigm under the qualitative methodology and employs the phenomenological method in the research design, access to the field, elaboration of instruments and analysis of the data collected. In-depth interviews and focus groups, as information collection techniques, were used to learn about the university experience of six indigenous students from the Bribri people. The study uses an intercultural approach in the analysis of the factors that promote the permanence of the undergraduate population in higher education, and it is this approach that allows addressing the sociocultural factor in the phenomenon of permanence. Among the main findings is the tendency of the participating population to give special recognition and value to their own culture by rescuing ancestral and spiritual knowledge that makes them proud and identifies them in the university context. It is also concluded the importance of favoring from the university the necessary adjustments so they remains in the higher education system, also, the efforts that the students make are highlighted, among them the cultural ones, when having to move from the indigenous territory to the urban, which represents a way change of context and the complexity of establishing new relationships with other educational agents and factors that has a significant influence in their integral development and academic success.

Resumen El presente artículo presenta los resultados respecto a factores socioculturales que favorecen la permanencia en la Educación Superior de la población indígena bribri. Estos se derivan de la investigación titulada Permanencia del estudiantado indígena Bribri de la Sede Rodrigo Facio Brenes, Universidad de Costa Rica: una mirada desde el enfoque intercultural, la cual fue llevada a cabo entre los años 2018-2019. La investigación parte del paradigma naturalista bajo el enfoque cualitativo y emplea el método fenomenológico en el diseño investigativo, acceso al campo, elaboración de instrumentos y análisis de los datos recolectados. Se emplearon entrevistas a profundidad y grupos focales para conocer la experiencia universitaria de seis estudiantes indígenas provenientes del pueblo Bribri. El estudio utiliza un enfoque intercultural en el análisis de los factores, que promueve la permanencia de la población en la educación superior, y es esa mirada la que permite abordar el factor sociocultural en el fenómeno de la permanencia. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se reconoce la tendencia de la población participante a brindarle especial reconocimiento y valoración a su propia cultura mediante el rescate de saberes ancestrales y espirituales que les enorgullecen e identifican en el contexto universitario. Se concluye, además, la importancia de favorecer, desde la universidad, los ajustes necesarios para que la población indígena permanezca en el sistema educativo superior. Asimismo, se destacan los esfuerzos que el estudiantado realiza al tener que trasladarse del territorio indígena a lo urbano, lo que representa un cambio de contexto, y la complejidad de establecer nuevas relaciones con otros agentes educativos, factores que influyen de manera significativa en su desarrollo integral y éxito académico.

RESUMEN En un contexto local de estudios estrictamente tipológicos y con ausencia de manuales para el estudio de la cerámica relacionada con la cultura arqueológica Puruhá, Sierra Central del Ecuador, verificamos la posibilidad de asociar la cuestión teórica y metodológica con la práctica arqueológica, resultando en la ubicación de la producción cerámica como un subsistema intrínseco a la comprensión de los sistemas socioculturales que definen una cultura. Con esta premisa, este manuscrito presenta una propuesta de clasificación en arqueología basada en el análisis de la cultura material cerámica contextualizada o no contextualizada mediante la aplicación de los conceptos de antropología de técnicas y cadenas operativas asociadas a los análisis tecnotipológicos con el estudio de caso de la producción alfarera Puruhá. Teniendo como marco metodológico el método empírico inductivo, con un enfoque cualitativo que mezcla revisión de la literatura, inserción conceptual, técnica y análisis, con un alcance exploratorio y no experimental como diseño de investigación. La propuesta de clasificación en arqueología permitió verificar la factibilidad y potencial de su uso en un contexto Puruhá, así como su correlación con otros sitios, resultando en una lectura que permite hacer inferencias sobre continuidades y cambios culturales.

ABSTRACT In a local context of strictly typological studies and with the absence of manuals for the study of ceramics related to the Puruhá archaeological culture, Sierra Central do Ecuador, we verified the possibility of associating the theoretical and methodological issue with archaeological practice, resulting in the location of ceramic production as an intrinsic subsystem understanding the sociocultural systems that define a cultural. With this premise, this manuscript presents a proposal for classification in archeology based on the analysis of contextualized or non-contextualized ceramic material culture through the application of the concepts of anthropology of techniques and operational chains associated with techno-typological analyzes with the case study of production Puruhá potter. Having as a methodological framework the inductive empirical method, with a qualitative approach that mixes literature review, conceptual insertion, technique and analysis, with an exploratory and non-experimental scope as a research design. The proposed archeological classification allowed us to check the feasibility and potential of its usage in a Puruhá setting, as well as its linkage with other sites, yielding a reading that allows us to draw conclusions regarding cultural continuities and changes.

RESUMO Em um contexto local de estudos estritamente tipológicos e com a ausência manuais para o estudo da cerâmica relacionada a cultura arqueológica Puruhá, Serra Central do Equador, verificamos a possibilidade associar a questão teórica e metodológica à prática arqueológica, resultando na localização da produção ceramista como um subsistema intrínseco a compreensão dos sistemas socioculturais que definem uma cultural. Com esta premissa, este manuscrito apresenta uma proposta de classificação em arqueologia com fulcro na análise da cultura material cerâmica contextualizada ou não contextualizada por intermédio da aplicação dos conceitos de antropologia das técnicas e das cadeias operatórias associada às análises tecnotipológicas com o estudo de caso da produção ceramista Puruhá. Tendo como marco metodológico o método empírico indutivo, com enfoque qualitativo que mescla a revisão de literatura, inserção conceitual, técnica e análises, de alcance exploratório e não experimental enquanto desenho de investigação. A proposta de classificação em arqueologia possibilitou verificar a factibilidade e potencial de sua utilização em um contexto Puruhá, assim como sua correlação entre outros sítios, resultando em uma leitura que permite realizar inferências sobre continuidades e mudanças culturais.

The political and social environments in which learners with disabilities live often cause more limitation on the individual abilities of these learners than the disability itself (Capri et al., 2018:2). Likewise, mathematical thinking for learners who are severely mentally disabled is often limited to concretisation or memorisation, which tends to undermine mathematical number sense. This study was undertaken against the background of a lack of methodological guidelines for the teaching of mathematics in the new adapted curriculum for learners who are severely intellectually disabled. Context-rich mathematics tasks for the development of mathematical thinking in learners who are severely intellectually disabled were used during the study. A qualitative research approach was followed in which empirical data were generated through three action research cycles. Data were collected through in-depth discussions, field notes, a literature review and learner work. Vygotsky's (1978:6) sociocultural theory was used as a theoretical framework because it highlights the importance of social interactions and mediated learning. The Reality, Abstraction, Mathematics and Reflection (RAMR) framework of Cooper and Carter (2016:177) is used as a didactic framework for a practical approach to mathematics education in the study. According to the data from in-depth discussions with five educators, learners with intellectual disability are perceived to have limited number sense knowledge. These educators also indicated that their choice of learning tasks only included number facts, arithmetic fluency, memorisation, and teaching with concrete apparatus. Data from the in-depth discussions with two mathematics subject advisors working in special education pointed out educators'limited didactical knowledge for teaching mathematics to learners who are severely intellectually disabled. Based on these data, a teaching intervention was designed and implemented for six months. The purpose was to investigate the effect on participation and learning of changing the researcher's practice to focus on mathematical reasoning in context rich tasks. The lived experiences of the ten learners who were involved in the teaching intervention were included as a background to mathematics problems to design context-rich tasks. The guidelines from the research entail that real-life contexts in which mathematical problem types are embedded are conducive to learning experiences that are rich in discussion for learners who are severely intellectually disabled. Such an approach has the potential to make mathematics more meaningful to learners who are severely intellectually disabled, improve their mastery of contexts, and develop critical thinking. Findings from the action research process can be adapted to similar mathematics teaching practices.

Die politiese en sosiale omgewings waarin leerders met gestremdhede leef, veroorsaak dikwels meer beperking van die individuele vermoëns van dié leerders as die gestremdheid self (Capri et al., 2018:2). Eweneens word wiskundige denke vir leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is dikwels tot konkretisering en memorisering beperk, wat neig om begrip te ondermyn. Hierdie studie is onderneem teen die agtergrond van 'n tekort aan metodologiese riglyne vir die onderrig van wiskunde in die nuwe aangepaste kurrikulum vir leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is. Konteksryke wiskundetake ter ontwikkeling van wiskundige denke by leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is, is tydens die studie gebruik. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gevolg waarin empiriese data gegenereer is deur middel van drie aksienavorsingsiklusse. Data is deur semi-gestruktureerde fokusgroep-onderhoude, veldnotas, 'n literatuuroorsig en leerderwerk ingesamel. Die literatuuroorsig is onderneem om 'n onderrig- en teoretiese raamwerk vir die studie te skep. Vygotsky (1978:6) se sosiokulturele teorie is as teoretiese raamwerk gebruik omdat dit die belangrikheid van sosiale interaksies en bemiddelde leer uitlig. Die Realiteit, Abstraksie, Wiskunde en Refleksie (RAWR)-onderrigraamwerk van Cooper en Carter (2016:177) word as didaktiese raamwerk vir 'n praktiese aanslag tot wiskundeonderrig in die studie aangewend. Volgens die data van die fokusgroeponderhoud met vyf opvoeders, beskik leerders met intellektuele gestremdheid oor beperkte getalbegripkennis. Dié opvoeders het ook aangedui dat hul keuse van leertake slegs getalfeite, rekenvlotheid, memorisering en onderrig met konkrete apparaat insluit. Data uit die fokusgroeponderhoud met twee wiskundespesialiste wat in spesiale onderwys werksaam is, het opvoeders in die navorsingskool se beperkte didaktiese kennis vir wiskundeonderrig aan leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is, uitgewys. Gebaseer op hierdie data is 'n onderrigingreep ontwerp en vir ses maande geïmplementeer. Die tien leerders wat by die onderrigingreep betrek is, se geleefde ervaringe is as agtergrond by wiskundeprobleme ingesluit om konteksryke take te ontwerp. Die riglyne wat uit die navorsing spruit, het tot gevolg dat lewensegte kontekste waarin wiskundige probleemtipes ingebed is, nuttig gebruik kan word in gespreksryke leerervarings vir leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is. Só 'n benadering het die potensiaal om wiskunde vir leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is meer betekenisvol te maak, hulle beheersing van kontekste te verbeter, en kritiese denke te ontwikkel. Bevindinge uit die aksienavorsingsproses kan aangepas word vir soortgelyke wiskundeonderrigpraktyke.

Resumen: Este artículo presenta una investigación de campo de corte etnográfico con análisis narrativo e interpretativo. El objetivo es comprender el trabajo emocional de una profesora en su práctica cotidiana como un aspecto clave en la realidad de la enseñanza. Mediante la observación participante, entrevistas a profundidad y en grupos focales, aunado a la escritura del estudiantado en un diario, se indaga narrativamente el esfuerzo emocional en un hacer pedagógico vinculado al cuidado como un saber de la experiencia, el cual acontece en un contexto sociocultural de violencia y abandono. Se analiza el trabajo emocional docente en vivencias concretas, donde el cuidado se complejiza en la disposición de la maestra para discernir, desde lo profundo y en la alteridad de la convivencia, con las y los actores escolares en la escuela cotidiana. Los hallazgos describen experiencias tanto de cuidado como de descuido, articuladas en la performatividad del trabajo emocional docente en función de coordenadas contextuales y situacionales específicas.

Abstract: This article presents an ethnographically oriented field research based on a narrative and interpretative analysis. The objective is to understand the emotional labor of a female teacher in her daily practice as a key feature in the reality of teaching. Through participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus groups, combined with the students' notes in a diary, the author analyze narratively the emotional effort carried out in a pedagogical practice linked to caring as a knowledge of experience, which occurs in a sociocultural context of violence and abandonment. The emotional labor of teachers is analyzed in concrete experiences, where caring becomes more complex in the teacher's disposition to discern, from the depths and in the otherness of conviviality, between the many school actors in the daily school. The results describe experiences of both caring and carelessness, articulated in the performativity of the emotional labor of teachers according to specific contextual and situational conditions.

The categorization of artisanal and small-scale mining has a significant impact on perception and understanding of the sector, particularly from a livelihood perspective. Several developing countries classify different types of artisanal and small-scale mining based on legal status. Given the nature such activities, the tragedy of the commons theory has been applied to understand the inevitable environmental, economic, sociocultural, safety, and health negative externalities - which are products of informality and illegality. Consequently, formalization is a panacea to sustainability. This article aims to offer a conceptual organization and foundational knowledge for characterization of artisanal and small-scale mining. It seeks to identify existing literature on the subject to avoid replication and acknowledge other scholars. Moreover, the article aims to place the study within the context of existing literature, establishing relationships with other studies and why the research is necessary. This paper pinpoints gaps left from other studies in so far as the characterization of artisanal and small-scale mining is concerned. Thus, reviewing literature abetted in finding similarities and differences on how artisanal and small-scale mining is defined from a scholarly and legal basis. The paper ascertains major claims made by earlier research on this topic, such as environmental impacts, the lack of adequate regulatory framework, and presents querying and probing questions lacking from other studies.

Résumé: Cet article étudie la polarisation socio-territoriale du vote à Mexico, dans une perspective comparative et historique. La polarisation politique touche un nombre croissant de démocraties. Cependant, malgré le caractère intuitif du concept, il n’existe pas de consensus sur sa définition, ni sur ses origines et ses conséquences. Le débat est marqué par le cas américain, caractérisé par une polarisation due au bipartisme et centrifuge vers deux extrêmes opposés, lesquels s’éloignent et se rapprochent de plus en plus. Au Mexique, en revanche, la polarisation s’opère dans un contexte d’érosion, de volatilité et de fragmentation partisane, avec une dynamique centripète qui oppose une coalition gouvernementale pragmatique et hybride à un front d’opposition encore plus hétérogène en termes idéologiques, géographiques et socioculturels. L’étude de ce cas crucial fournit des outils pour saisir et mesurer la polarisation socio-territoriale du vote dans la capitale, et pour la situer dans le contexte fédéral et international.

Resumen: Este artículo estudia la polarización socioterritorial del voto en la Ciudad de México, en perspectiva comparada e histórica. La polarización política afecta a un número creciente de democracias. Empero, pese al carácter intuitivo del concepto, no existe un consenso sobre su definición, ni sobre sus orígenes y consecuencias. El debate está marcado por el caso estadounidense, caracterizado por una polarización bipartidista y centrífuga hacia dos extremos opuestos que se distancian y se cohesionan de manera creciente. En México, en cambio, la polarización se produce en un contexto de erosión, volatilidad y fragmentación partidista, con una dinámica centrípeta que opone una coalición de gobierno pragmática e híbrida, a un frente opositor todavía más heterogéneo en términos ideológicos, geográficos y socioculturales. El estudio de este caso crucial proporciona herramientas para captar y medir la polarización socioterritorial del voto capitalino, y para situarla en el contexto federal e internacional.

Abstract: This article studies the socio-territorial polarization of the vote in Mexico City, in comparative and historical perspective. Political polarization affects a growing number of democracies. However, despite the intuitive nature of the concept, there is no consensus on its definition, nor on its origins and consequences. The debate is marked by the case of the United States, characterized by a bipartisan and centrifugal polarization towards two opposing extremes that are becoming both increasingly distant from each other as well as more cohesive. In Mexico, by contrast, polarization occurs in a context of party erosion, volatility and fragmentation, with a centripetal dynamic that sets a pragmatic and hybrid government coalition against an even more heterogeneous opposition front in ideological, geographic, and socio-cultural terms. The study of this key case provides tools to understand and measure the socio-territorial polarization of the vote in the capital, and to place it in the Mexican and international context.