ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the figure the character of Isabel Sarli based on the idea of desertion from the heterosexual regime. To do so, the starting point is the film Embrujada (1969), that establishes connections with other areas of her cinema. The goal is to see in those, the production of the domestic woman in capitalism, modernity, and Western society in tension with myths, beliefs, and cultures that generate other temporalities, pre-modern, pre-capitalist, or pre-industrial. That way, a questioning of family and motherhood can be seen, intertwined with contradictory moral messages. Embrujada and other contemporary films articulate characters of strong, aggressive, and deviant women who challenge traditional masculinity, leading to the emasculation of patriarchal and capitalist power. Thus, certain elements of her cinema contribute to the creation of the Sarli myth, enabling twisted interpretations and sex-dissident resignifications.

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza la figura de Isabel Sarli a partir de la idea de deserción del régimen heterosexual. Para eso, se toma como punto de partida la película Embrujada (1969) y se establecen relaciones con otras zonas de su cine. El objetivo es pensar en ellas la producción de la mujer doméstica en el capitalismo, la modernidad y la sociedad occidental en tensión con mitos, creencias y culturas que producen otras temporalidades, pre-modernas, pre-capitalistas o pre-industriales. De esa manera, se puede leer un cuestionamiento a la familia y la maternidad, solapado con mensajes morales contradictorios. Embrujada y otras películas contemporáneas articulan personajes de mujeres fuertes, agresivas y monstruosas que desafían a la masculinidad tradicional, generando la emasculación del poder patriarcal y capitalista. De esta manera, algunos elementos de su cine contribuyen a la producción del mito Sarli, que posibilita lecturas torcidas y resignificaciones sexo-disidentes.

Abstract: In this academic biography I describe some aspects of my academic and research work, with mentions to my personal and family life that have marked my life´s trajectory. I describe my childhood, preschool, elementary step, and high school times, as an introduction to the more academic part that motivates this autobiography. Then I dedicate lines to my university studies in France and later in Canada where I obtained my doctorate (Doctorem Philosophae), from McGill University in 1978. I discuss my return to France and my long stay at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines in Fontainebleau. I explain my contributions over the years, which culminated in a special Conference in honor of my sixtieth birthday organized by colleagues in the world of thermodynamics and held in Paris in 2010. I give special emphasis to my contributions to industry, especially to experimental work and the acquisition of good data on physical and thermodynamic properties of fluids and fluid mixtures. I then comment on my formal but not total retirement from the academic activity to devote myself during these last years since my retirement in 2012 to interesting stays in Denmark, in South Africa, and in Finland. I conclude with some general reflections that I hope will be useful to future generations.

Resumen: En esta biografía académica describo algunos aspectos de mi trabajo académico y de investigación, con menciones a la vida personal y familiar que han marcado mi trayectoria de vida. Describo mi infancia preescolar, la primaria y la secundaria como introducción a la parte más académica que motiva esta autobiografía. Luego dedico líneas a mis estudios universitarios en Francia y posteriormente en Canadá donde obtuve mi doctorado (Doctorem Philosophae), por la Universidad de McGill el año 1978. Comento mi regreso a Francia y mi larga estancia en la Escuela Nacional Superior de Minas, en Fontainebleau. Explico mis contribuciones a lo largo de los años, que culminaron con una Conferencia especial en honor de mi sexagésimo cumpleaños organizada por colegas del mundo de la termodinámica y que se realizó en Paris el año 2010. Doy especial énfasis a mis aportes a la industria, en especial al trabajo experimental y la adquisición de buenos datos de propiedades físicas y termodinámicas de fluidos y mezclas de fluidos. Luego comento mi retiro formal pero no total de la actividad académica para dedicarme durante estos últimos años desde mi retiro el año 2012 a interesantes estadías en Dinamarca, en Sudáfrica, y en Finlandia. Concluyo con algunas reflexiones generales que espero sirvan a las generaciones futuras.

Spondias tuberosa (umbu) has been studied from the perspective of natural product and pharmacology, revealing relevant biological activities. Therefore, from the point of view of chemical and biological studies, deepening knowledge about this species is of great importance. Additionally, the evaluation related to the metabolic variations of the same species during different phenological evolution stages is also an interesting aspect of the research. Thereby, ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MSE) was used to trace the chemical profile from umbu leaves at different phenological stages, allowing the detection of 40 metabolites, which 16 were annotated, such as phenolics and anacardic acids. Furthermore, the use of chemoinformatics tools allowed obtaining information on phenological development in the three leaves phases: post-flowering (young leaves), full production and senescence. The antiglycation activity assay revealed a potential inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the leaves at different phenological stages. The antioxidant activity was satisfactory and in agreement with previously reported results, evidencing the potential for using umbu leaves, currently completely discarded, as an alternative source of antioxidants, which may provide increased added value to the cultivation of umbu, stimulating family farming and the recovery of tree density in degraded areas.

Abstract This article analyzes the speeches produced by the Sociedade Pestalozzi de Minas Gerais about the financing of Special Education, exceptional students and their families. Such speeches were published between 1933 and 1979 through the magazine Infância Excepcional: Estudo, Educação e Assistência ao Excepcional. To this end, a qualitative analysis was carried out on the twelve magazines in the collection, as well as other primary documents, such as Helena Antipoff's letters and notebooks. The analysis was conducted based on the categorization of documents and their contextualization to the period researched, with a theoretical-methodological approach to historical relativism which considers the influence of the historical and social environment on the selection and interpretation of facts.

Resumo Este artigo analisa os discursos produzidos pela Sociedade Pestalozzi de Minas Gerais sobre o financiamento do ensino especial, os estudantes ‘excepcionais’ e as suas famílias. Tais discursos foram publicados entre os anos de 1933 e 1979 por meio da revista Infância Excepcional: Estudo, Educação e Assistência ao Excepcional. Para tanto, foi realizada análise qualitativa das doze revistas da coleção, bem como dos outros documentos primários, como cartas e cadernos de anotação de Helena Antipoff. A análise foi desenvolvida a partir da categorização dos documentos e de sua contextualização ao período pesquisado, com uma abordagem teórico-metodológica do relativismo histórico que considera a influência do ambiente histórico e social na seleção e interpretação dos fatos.

Resumen Este artículo analiza los discursos producidos por la Sociedade Pestalozzi de Minas Gerais sobre el financiamiento de la educación especial, los estudiantes excepcionales y sus familias. Dichos discursos fueron publicados entre 1933 y 1979 a través de la revista Infância Excepcional: Estudos, Educação e Assistência ao Excepcional. Para ello se realizó un análisis cualitativo de las doce revistas de la colección, así como de otros documentos primarios, como las cartas y cuadernos de notas de Helena Antipoff. El análisis se desarrolló a partir de la categorización de los documentos y su contextualización al período investigado, con enfoque teórico-metodológico del relativismo histórico que considera la influencia del entorno histórico y social en la selección e interpretación de los hechos.

The book of Genesis has copious narratives on migration. This article studies the migration stories of Abram's and Jacob's families vis-à-vis migration among Nigerian youths. A study of these biblical narratives reveals that severe famine precipitated the movement of these patriarchs and their families. Abram's and Sarai's migration to Egypt, according to Genesis 12:10, was a result of famine. Genesis 46 and 47 record that Jacob's family migrated to Egypt due to the severe famine in Canaan. Similarly, many Nigerian youths migrate to other countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, Austria, Ireland, Germany, et cetera to escape financial hardship and pursue greener pastures. To this end, the slang 'Japa' has become a household term among Nigerian youths. Japa is a new word for leaving one's country for better living conditions. With narrative and descriptive analysis, this article studies relevant texts in Genesis and the Japa phenomenon among Nigerian youths. A comparative study reveals that bad living conditions are hugely associated with migration in the Old Testament and contemporary times. The high rate of unemployment, underemployment, and a lack of opportunities faced by Nigerian youths are hugely responsible for the mass migration. The study recommends that the Nigerian government create an enabling environment that promotes the financial stability of youths through better job opportunities and career growth. CONTRIBUTION: Migration is a long-standing human activity that is generally attributed to the quest for better living conditions. In the Old Testament, famine was hugely responsible for movement from one biblical residence to another. Nigerian society has witnessed a mass migration of its youths to other countries to escape the present economic situation in the country. A comparative study shows that many people migrate because of uncomfortable situations in their residence locations; there are challenges associated with migration, and migration usually leads to improved living conditions.

This work developed an effective and eco-friendly analytical method to support quality control for Brazilian Bill proposal No. 5332/2009. The bill advocates the creation of the “Brazilian bread” by mandating the incorporation of cassava byproducts into wheat flour, with the aim of reducing Brazil’s external dependency on wheat imports and promoting domestic cassava family farming. For this, a handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer was utilized for on-site determination of cassava starch in commercial wheat flour. The quantitative analysis, which utilized NIR spectra pre-processed with offset correction (OFF) combined with linear baseline correction (LBC), alongside the successive projections algorithm for interval selection in partial least squares (iSPA-PLS), exhibited superior predictive capability, achieving a relative error of prediction below 8%. Furthermore, the classification process, which involved NIR spectra pre-processed with LBC and iSPA-PLS for discriminant analysis (iSPA-PLS-DA), yielded an impressive 94% overall accuracy, with only 3 misclassifications in the test set. ecofriendly eco friendly No 53322009 5332 2009 5332/2009 bread flour Brazils Brazil s farming this nearinfrared near infrared (NIR onsite site preprocessed pre processed OFF (OFF LBC, , (LBC) iSPAPLS, iSPAPLS iSPA PLS (iSPA-PLS) capability 8 8% Furthermore process iSPAPLSDA, iSPAPLSDA DA (iSPA-PLS-DA) 94 accuracy set 5332200 533 200 5332/200 (LBC (iSPA-PLS (iSPA-PLS-DA 9 533220 53 20 5332/20 53322 5 2 5332/2 5332/

The genus Trichilia, belonging to the Meliaceae family, comprises ca. 102 species, some of which have been the subject of phytochemical studies. Compounds of different classes with cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities were isolated from Thichilia. Trichilia pseudostipularis, a native species, is distributed along the entire Brazilian coast, from southern Santa Catarina to Bahia. Due to the inexistence of previous chemical studies, their wood and roots were investigated. Compounds 3,4-dihydro-4-isopropyl-6-methylnaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), 3,4-dihydro-7-hydroxy-4-isopropyl-6-methylnaphthalen-1(2H)-one (2), and pseudostipulariol (3) were isolated from wood, while the lactone derivate rel-(2S,3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(13”-phenyl-l’-n-tridecyl)-butanolide (4) was isolated from the roots. Compounds 3 and 4 are reported for the first time. family ca 10 species studies cytotoxic antimicrobial Thichilia pseudostipularis coast Bahia investigated 3,4dihydro4isopropyl6methylnaphthalen12Hone 34dihydro4isopropyl6methylnaphthalen12Hone dihydroisopropylmethylnaphthalenHone 3,4 dihydro isopropyl 6 methylnaphthalen 1 2H one H 1, , (1) 3,4dihydro7hydroxy4isopropyl6methylnaphthalen12Hone 34dihydro7hydroxy4isopropyl6methylnaphthalen12Hone dihydrohydroxyisopropylmethylnaphthalenHone 7 hydroxy 2, 2 (2) (3 rel2S,3S,4R3hydroxy4methyl213phenyllntridecylbutanolide rel2S3S4R3hydroxy4methyl213phenyllntridecylbutanolide relSSRhydroxymethylphenyllntridecylbutanolide rel 2S,3S,4R methyl 13 phenyl l n tridecyl butanolide 2S 3S 4R S R (4 time 4dihydro4isopropyl6methylnaphthalen12Hone Hone 34 3, (1 4dihydro7hydroxy4isopropyl6methylnaphthalen12Hone (2 ( rel2S 4R3hydroxy4methyl213phenyllntridecylbutanolide phenyllntridecylbutanolide 2S3S4R SSR relS Rhydroxymethylphenyllntridecylbutanolide

Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Willd family Brazil extracts chromatographymass chromatography mass chromatographyflame flame 36.55 3655 36 55 (36.5 g−1, g1 g g−1 , 1 3.66 366 3 66 (3.6 108.82 10882 108 82 (108.8 7.86 786 7 86 (7.8 41.11 4111 41 11 (41.1 dihomoγlinolenic dihomo γ linolenic 85.48 8548 85 48 (85.4 209.00 20900 209 00 (209.0 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone 1hydroxy37dimethoxyxanthone hydroxydimethoxyxanthone hydroxy 3,7 dimethoxyxanthone identified Candida Sporothrix 9 h 641024 64 1024 64-102 mL1 mL mL−1 sterol14αdemethylase, sterol14αdemethylase sterolαdemethylase sterol 14 α demethylase, demethylase sterol-14-α-demethylase 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone, dimethoxyxanthone, 8.8 88 8 -8. mol1 mol mol−1 −8.3 83 (−8. . mol−1) 74 4 −7. formulations 36.5 365 5 (36. g− 3.6 6 (3. 108.8 1088 10 (108. 7.8 78 (7. 41.1 411 (41. 85.4 854 (85. 209.0 2090 20 0 (209. 1hydroxy3 7dimethoxyxanthone 37 3, 64102 102 64-10 mL− αdemethylase 8. -8 mol− −8. (−8 −7 36. (36 3. (3 108. (108 7. (7 41. (41 85. (85 209. 2 (209 1hydroxy 6410 64-1 - −8 (− − ( (10 (4 (8 (20 641 64- (1 (2

ABSTRACT Proper waste management is a major worldwide concern; waste is disposed of directly into the environment, affecting water, soil and air quality. The development and production of green energy sources is strongly encouraged in modern society. The aim of this study, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 2 and 7 of the 2030 Agenda of the UN, is to combine the correct disposal of animal waste with the generation of energy to mitigate the energy insecurity of families in an extremely vulnerable semi-arid region in the north-east of the country using biodigesters. To this end, a conceptual proposal was drawn up for a low-cost, easy-to-maintain and easy-to-use biodigester. A small-scale prototype was used to assess its operation by evaluating the main factors that affect biogas production (pH, temperature and the biomass properties: total solids, fixed solids, volatile solids, concentration of volatile fatty acids and C/N ratio). Evaluation of the test prototype gave satisfactory results that corroborate other studies and make it possible to propose an economically viable and efficient full-scale biodigester for biogas production. concern environment water quality society study SDGs (SDGs 1 203 UN semiarid semi arid northeast north east biodigesters end lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost low-cost easytomaintain easy maintain easytouse use smallscale small scale pH, pH (pH properties solids CN C N ratio. ratio . ratio) fullscale full 20

In hierdie artikel word queerlesing gebruik om die vroeë twintigste-eeuse Afrikaanse spookverhaal "Die bouval op Wilgerdal" deur CJ Langenhoven te ontleed. Die studie benader queerness as 'n ontwrigtende politiek wat samelewingsnorme uitdaag, veral in die konteks van literatuur. Queerlesing word gebruik as 'n metode wat verborge betekenisse in tekste onthul, veral dié wat in stryd is met normatiewe interpretasies. Queerlesing word met Gordoniaanse hauntologie, die unheimliche en affekteorie in verband gebring. Die artikel illustreer die affektiewe rol van die plaas in die Afrikaanse letterkunde en demonstreer hoe die plaasruimte historiese lae, identiteit en affek verteenwoordig. Daar word aangevoer dat Langenhoven se verhaal die konvensionele uitbeelding van die plaas ondermyn deur dit 'n unheimliche ruimte te maak, wat sodoende kritiek lewer op die sentraliteit van die plaas in prosesse van Afrikaneridentiteitsvorming. Aan die hand van die queerlesing van die verhaal word aangevoer dat die ware spokery van die Wilgerdalplaas die ontwrigting van die Van Graanfamiliebloedlyn en die verlies van hul verbintenis met die grond is. Sodoende destabiliseer die verhaal die konvensionele patrone van Afrikaanse literatuur oor plase. Uiteindelik ontbloot die verhaal die unheimliche aard van die plaasruimte oor die algemeen en die Afrikaner se onbestendige verhouding daarmee deur middel van die skakel tussen bonatuurlike bedreiging en die plaasruimte sowel as die verqueering van familiale waardes in die besonder. Die narratief spoor die Afrikanerleser aan om van aangesig tot aangesig te kom met die spoke wat Afrikanerhuise bewoon, en spreek moontlik tot die Afrikaner se vrese oor die voortbestaan van die Afrikanerfamilie en grondbesit, vrese wat tot vandag toe voortduur.

This article analyses an early twentieth-century Afrikaans ghost story, "Die bouval op Wilgerdal" by CJ Langenhoven (1972, originally published in 1924) by means of a queer reading and it places specific focus on the affective role of space in the story. It is a story within a story that is presented as a first-person retelling of a tale about the haunted, ruined farm of the Van Graan family. Affect theory and Gordonian hauntology are used as tools to underpin the queer reading of the story that, it is argued, contribute to its queering. The article approaches queerness as a radical politics that disrupts social norms and reaches beyond queerness as an umbrella term for the LGBTQIAP+ community. The article illustrates how queer reading is an approach to text analysis that focuses on hegemonic literary history to queer the literary canon and undermine the hegemony of (hetero)normativity. Queer reading specifically pays attention to the tension between the visible and the invisible in texts in order to bring out hidden meanings that run counter to normative readings of the text. Productive links between queer reading, Gordonian hauntology and the uncanny are illuminated by illustrating how the relationship between the visible and the invisible is explored. For Gordon, ghosts and haunting inform how systemic structures that are invisible or seemingly no longer there, make their impact felt. The analysis of haunting can therefore lead to a more complex understanding of the moving parts and generative structures of historically embedded social formations. A key part of Gordon's theory is how the uncanny is a haunting experience where the familiar, which has been suppressed, returns in the form of a disturbing phantom. Importantly, this article highlights the parallels between queerness and the uncanny. Because of the links between queer reading and affect as well as Gordon's emphasis on the affective, a discussion on affect theory is presented to direct attention to how emotions circulate between bodies, objects, and spaces in the text. The discussion of the text sheds light on the affective role of the farm in the Afrikaans literary tradition. The argument is made that the space of the farm does not figure as a mere backdrop against which Afrikaans stories play out, but that it can be considered a palimpsest through which the various layers of history, identity and affect can be read. To illustrate this, a brief overview of the context from which the farm novel emerged is given to highlight how it responded to widespread urbanisation by glorifying the rural values of the past. The article describes how ownership of the land, and the farmer's ties to the land through his labour and bloodline were regarded as key parts of Afrikaner identity by the Afrikaner nuclear family depicted in early twentieth-century Afrikaans farm narratives. It is suggested that one of the ways in which CJ Langenhoven's "Die bouval op Wilgerdal" queers the characteristic features of the farm in Afrikaans literature is by making the space of the story, the farm, an uncanny space. In this way, the story undermines and criticises the values that are often associated with the farm and questions its centrality in the formation of an Afrikaner identity. To elucidate this subversion and questioning the affective landscape of the narrator in "Die bouval op Wilgerdal" is analysed to show how CJ Langenhoven uses the setting to evoke an uncanny affective environment by drawing the narrator affectively into the anticipation of threat through the sights and sounds of the farm. The haunting of the farm is located in its setting, rather than from the outside suggesting that the story regards the threat that haunts the farm as internal and supernatural. This is particularly evident from how Langenhoven represents the haunting of the Wilgerdal farm in the ruined Afrikaner home and reveals that the true haunting is located in the ruin of the Van Graan family lineage and the subsequent loss of their bloodline's ties to the land. This is especially evident from how Langenhoven makes the Afrikaner house a haunted house and thus reveals that the ghostliness of Wilgerdal originates in the heart of the Afrikaner family. This disruption occurs due to Frans Rysselaar's occupation of Petrus 's body, leaving Petrus disembodied and searching for justice on the farm. The conventional patterns of Afrikaans literature about the farm, where the benevolent patriarch rules over the farm and ensures the succession of his bloodline, are therefore queered. Following from this, the article suggests that by depicting the threat to the farm as a supernatural threat linked closely to the setting of the story, the farm and the Afrikaner family home, Langenhoven's text may have been attempting to queer the familial values of Afrikaner society that were valorised in Afrikaans literature about farms at the time. Finally, it is argued that through this queering the text uncovers and/or reflects the uncanny nature ofthe farm and the Afrikaner's tenuous relationship with it. A queer reading of "Die bouval op Wilgerdal" implores the Afrikaner to live with and provide a hospitable memory for the ghosts that populate Afrikaner homes. The article concludes by suggesting that this story may have been speaking to that which haunted Langenhoven and Afrikaner society at the time and that these same fears around the survival of the Afrikaner family and the Afrikaner's ownership of the land still persist.

Resumen Este artículo demostrará que, a pesar de las dificultades para lograrlo en una sociedad diseñada para discriminarlos, segmentos importantes del estamento social de los libres de color alcanzaron un notable ascenso económico, resultado de la práctica de oficios urbanos, del trabajo de la tierra, o producto de lo obtenido del trabajo de sus esclavos. Pero no era suficiente elevarse económicamente para obtener el ansiado reconocimiento social. Se concluye también que los "libres de color" ejecutaron otras acciones que representarían vías hacia la movilidad social: la educación y el "blanqueamiento", o sea la tendencia al matrimonio o compadrazgo con familias blancas.

Abstract This article reveals that despite the difficulties to achieve notable economic ascent in a society designed to discrimínate against free people of color, important segments of their social class could reach it. This was possible as a result of the practice of urban trades, of working the land, or the outcome of their slaves' labor. However, it was not enough to rise economically to obtain the coveted social recognition. It is also concluded that the "free of color" executed other actions that would represent paths towards social mobility: education and "whitening", that is, the tendency to marry or "compadrazgo" with white families.

Résumé Cet article démontrera que, malgré les difficultés à y parvenir dans une société conçue pour les discriminer, des segments importants de la classe sociale des personnes libres de couleur ont réalisé une ascension économique notable, grâce à la pratique des métiers urbains, de lala terre, ou le produit de ce qui est obtenu du travail de leurs esclaves. Mais il ne suffisait pas de s'élever économiquement pour obtenir la reconnaissance sociale tant convoitée. Il est également conclu que les «libres de couleur» ont exécuté d'autres actions qui représenteraient des voies vers la mobilité sociale: l'éducation et le «blanchiment», c'est-à-dire la tendance à se marier ou à se compadrazgo avec des familles blanches.

Resumo Este artigo demonstrará que, apesar das dificuldades para alcançá-lo em uma sociedade destinada a discriminá-los, importantes segmentos da classe social de pessoas de cor livres alcançaram notável ascensão econômica, fruto da prática dos ofícios urbanos, do trabalho a terra, ou produto do que é obtido do trabalho de seus escravos. Mas não bastava ascender economicamente para obter o cobiçado reconhecimento social. Conclui-se também que os 'livres de cor" executaram outras ações que representariam caminhos para a mobilidade social: a educação e o "branqueamento", ou seja, a tendência a casar ou compadrazgo com famílias brancas.

ABSTRACT The article focuses on investigating and returning to the collective memory the life and achievements of María Elina Zúñiga Villacreses, born around 1905, who defied the gender roles imposed by the conservative society of her time to become the second high school graduate and the first Riobambeña to obtain the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Doctor of Medicine and Surgery at the Central University of Ecuador in 1932. Her secondary and university educational trajectory was reconstructed through the interpretative paradigm and historical research methodology, with an exhaustive review and critical analysis of sources. Her determination and perseverance to excel in a society that limited educational opportunities for women, reflected in a resistance to maintain a role different from that of wives, mothers, and those in charge of the domestic economy, was highlighted. Personal and family aspects were addressed, and her difficulties and challenges during her short life were revealed. In conclusion, the legacy of María Zúñiga is highlighted as an example of self-improvement and empowerment.

RESUMEN El artículo se centra en investigar y devolver a la memoria colectiva la vida y logros de María Elina Zúñiga Villacreses, nacida cerca de 1905, quien desafió los roles de género impuestos por la sociedad conservadora de su época para convertirse en la segunda bachiller y primera riobambeña en obtener los títulos de Licenciada en Medicina y Doctora en Medicina y Cirugía en la Universidad Central del Ecuador en 1932. Mediante el paradigma interpretativo y la metodología de investigación histórica, con una exhaustiva revisión y análisis crítico de fuentes se reconstruyó su trayectoria educativa secundaria y universitaria. Se destacó su determinación y perseverancia por sobresalir en una sociedad que limitaba las oportunidades educativas para las mujeres, reflejada en una resistencia para que mantuvieran un rol diferente al de esposas, madres y encargadas de la economía doméstica. Se realizó el abordaje de aspectos personales y familiares, y se revelaron las dificultades y desafíos que debió enfrentar durante su corta vida. En conclusión, se resalta el legado de María Elina Zúñiga como un ejemplo de superación y empoderamiento.

Abstract Bi-affective sexual orientation implies ambiguity and breaking through pre-existing categories, issues that are not proper to law in its pretension to certainties. The application of its institutions to this subjectivities brought as a result the relegation and social and legal invisibilization decanting in discriminations, issue that makes it relevant to investigate the characteristics of bi bonding in society and possible paradigm changes from the way we perceive and configure ourselves. A critical analysis is made of those desta(bi)lized institutions present in the Law and social regulated, about the structure and reflection of two stories of the book Bisexualidades feministas: “La cuestión numérica” and “Explicar con palabras de este mundo”.

Resumen La orientación sexo-afectiva bi lleva implícita la ambigüedad y el romper con las categorías preexistentes, cuestiones que no son propias del derecho en su pretensión de certezas. La aplicación de sus instituciones a éstas subjetividades trae como resultado su relegación e invisibilización social y jurídica decantando en discriminaciones, cuestión que hace relevante investigar las características de vinculación bi en sociedad y posible cambio de paradigma desde la manera en que la percibimos y nos configuramos. Se realiza un análisis crítico sobre aquellas instituciones desesta(bi)lizadas presentes en el derecho y reguladoras de lo social, a propósito de la lectura y reflexión de dos relatos del libro Bisexualidades feministas: “La cuestión numérica” y “Explicar con palabras de este mundo”.

RESUMEN La situación de género en el Oriente Medio árabe es un tema de importancia crucial para comprender la dinámica social y familiar de la región. En este contexto, el estudio de la obra de la autora egipcia Nawal Al-Sa'adawi (1931-2021) ofrece una perspectiva valiosa sobre el lugar, el papel y los derechos de las mujeres árabes musulmanas en la familia y la sociedad. A pesar de la extensa literatura sobre la condición femenina en el mundo árabe, existe una brecha en la integración del análisis literario con el activismo político y la experiencia profesional en salud mental, como lo ejemplifica el trabajo de Al-Sa'adawi. Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar la contribución de Nawal Al-Sa'adawi a la comprensión y promoción de los derechos de las mujeres árabes musulmanas a través de su prolífica obra literaria, periodística y médico-psicológica. Los hallazgos clave revelan que Al-Sa'adawi, psiquiatra graduada de la Universidad de El Cairo y la Universidad de Columbia, utilizó su experiencia profesional y activismo político para abordar cuestiones como la protección de los derechos y las libertades de las mujeres, la lucha contra la violencia de género y la promoción de la igualdad. Su obra, traducida a más de 30 idiomas, refleja su participación activa en acontecimientos políticos importantes, como su encarcelamiento en 1981, su candidatura a la presidencia de Egipto en 2005 y su presencia en la revolución egipcia de 2011. Las implicaciones de este estudio son importantes para comprender la evolución del movimiento feminista en el mundo árabe. La vida y la obra de Al-Sa'adawi demuestran cómo la intersección de la medicina, la literatura y el activismo puede ser una herramienta poderosa para el cambio social y la promoción de los derechos de las mujeres en contextos culturales complejos.

ABSTRACT The gender situation in the Arab Middle East is a topic of crucial importance for understanding the social and familial dynamics of the region. In this context, studying the work of Egyptian author Nawal Al-Sa'adawi (1931-2021) offers a valuable perspective on the place, role, and rights of Arab Muslim women in family and society. Despite extensive literature on the female condition in the Arab world, there is a gap in integrating literary analysis with political activism and professional experience in mental health, as exemplified by Al-Sa'adawi's work. This study aims to examine Nawal Al-Sa'adawi's contribution to understanding and promoting Arab Muslim women's rights through her prolific literary, journalistic, and medical-psychological work. Key findings reveal that Al-Sa'adawi, a psychiatrist graduated from Cairo University and Columbia University, used her professional experience and political activism to address issues such as protecting women's rights and freedoms, combating gender-based violence, and promoting equality. Her work, translated into more than 30 languages, reflects her active participation in significant political events, including her imprisonment in 1981, her candidacy for the Egyptian presidency in 2005, and her presence in the 2011 Egyptian revolution. The implications of this study are significant for understanding the evolution of the feminist movement in the Arab world. Al-Sa'adawi's life and work demonstrate how the intersection of medicine, literature, and activism can be a powerful tool for social change and the promotion of women's rights in complex cultural contexts.

Abstract Family planning programs began in Costa Rica officially at the end of the 1960s. Private organizations, in conjunction with the State, oversaw the development of strategies to offer these services. One of the main challenges was the communication of this knowledge to the popular classes. Being a voluntary program, it was necessary to communicate information to the couples about the different methods available, the advantages of planning and the implications of an adequate upbringing. The objective of this paper is to analyze the discursive display that allowed the communication of scientific knowledge about family planning in Costa Rica, using as a source the issues of the magazine Salud para todos, published by the Costa Rican Demographic Association between 1977 and 1985. From a theoretical perspective based on the dialogues between science, technology, and society (STS), the use of colloquial language was emphasized and, through images, dialogues and informative texts, basic information on family planning methods was provided. There were also discussions on gender roles and the effects they could have on planning.

Resumo Os programas de planeamento familiar começaram na Costa Rica oficialmente no final da década de 1960. As organizações privadas em conjunto com o Estado ficaram encarregadas de desenvolver estratégias para oferecer esses serviços, e um dos principais desafios foi a comunicação desse conhecimento às classes populares. Tratando-se de um programa voluntário, era necessário transmitir aos casais informações sobre os diferentes métodos disponíveis, as vantagens do planeamento e as implicações de uma parentalidade adequada. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o desdobramento discursivo que permitiu a comunicação do conhecimento científico sobre o planejamento familiar na Costa Rica, utilizando como fonte os números da revista Salud para todos, publicada pela Asociación Demográfica Costarricense entre 1977-1985. A partir de uma perspectiva teórica baseada nos diálogos entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade (CTS), foi enfatizada a utilização de linguagem coloquial e, através de imagens, diálogos e textos informativos, foram fornecidas informações básicas sobre os métodos de planeamento familiar. Também foram discutidos os papéis de género e os efeitos que podem ter no planeamento.

Resumen Los programas de planificación familiar iniciaron en Costa Rica, oficialmente, a finales de la década de 1960. Organizaciones privadas, en conjunto con el Estado, se encargaron de desarrollar estrategias para ofrecer estos servicios y uno de los principales retos fue la comunicación de este conocimiento a las clases populares. Al tratarse de un programa voluntario, era necesario comunicar a las parejas la información sobre los diferentes métodos disponibles, las ventajas de planificar y las implicaciones de una crianza adecuada. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el despliegue discursivo que permitió la comunicación de saberes científicos en torno a la planificación familiar en Costa Rica, utilizando como fuente los números de la revista Salud para todos, publicada por la Asociación Demográfica Costarricense entre 1977 y 1985. Desde una perspectiva teórica que toma como base los diálogos entre la ciencia, la tecnología y la sociedad (CTS), se destaca la utilización de un lenguaje coloquial y, mediante imágenes, diálogos y textos informativos, se brindó información básica sobre los métodos de planificación familiar. Asimismo, hubo discusiones en torno a los roles de género y los efectos que podían tener a la hora de planificar.