ABSTRACT Proper waste management is a major worldwide concern; waste is disposed of directly into the environment, affecting water, soil and air quality. The development and production of green energy sources is strongly encouraged in modern society. The aim of this study, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 2 and 7 of the 2030 Agenda of the UN, is to combine the correct disposal of animal waste with the generation of energy to mitigate the energy insecurity of families in an extremely vulnerable semi-arid region in the north-east of the country using biodigesters. To this end, a conceptual proposal was drawn up for a low-cost, easy-to-maintain and easy-to-use biodigester. A small-scale prototype was used to assess its operation by evaluating the main factors that affect biogas production (pH, temperature and the biomass properties: total solids, fixed solids, volatile solids, concentration of volatile fatty acids and C/N ratio). Evaluation of the test prototype gave satisfactory results that corroborate other studies and make it possible to propose an economically viable and efficient full-scale biodigester for biogas production. concern environment water quality society study SDGs (SDGs 1 203 UN semiarid semi arid northeast north east biodigesters end lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost low-cost easytomaintain easy maintain easytouse use smallscale small scale pH, pH (pH properties solids CN C N ratio. ratio . ratio) fullscale full 20

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the contextual factors associated with the quality of life (QOL) of Brazilian children aged 0–12 years during the strict period of social isolation. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 using an online questionnaire on QOL-related family factors and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™). Results were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: The sample had 849 children, mostly from the South Region of Brazil (75%), white (83%), with typical development (79%), sedentary (68%), using screen (85%) for >3 h/day (44%). Their mothers were their main caregivers (90%). The following variables were significantly associated with high scores of QOL: typical health status (OR 2.38; 95%CI 1.60–3.55; screen time ≤2 h/day (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.17–2.24); social distancing considered as “easy” (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.20–2.32), and stimulation of the child by the family (OR 1.93; 95%CI 1.08–3.45). Conclusions: This study indicates that the family context can influence children’s QOL, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and home environment reorganization. Objective QOL (QOL 012 0 12 0–1 isolation Methods crosssectional cross sectional 202 QOLrelated related PedsQL™. PedsQL PedsQL™ . (PedsQL™) analysis 84 75%, 75 75% , (75%) 83%, 83 83% (83%) 79%, 79 79% (79%) 68%, 68 68% (68%) 85% 85 (85% 3 > hday h day 44%. 44 44% (44%) 90%. 90 90% (90%) OR 2.38 238 2 38 95CI CI 95 1.60–3.55 160355 1 60 55 ≤ 1.62 162 62 1.17–2.24 117224 17 24 1.17–2.24) easy “easy 1.67 167 67 1.20–2.32, 120232 1.20–2.32 20 32 1.20–2.32) 1.93 193 93 1.08–3.45. 108345 1.08–3.45 08 45 1.08–3.45) Conclusions childrens s COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 reorganization 01 0– (PedsQL™ 8 7 (75% (83% (79% 6 (68% (85 4 (44% 9 (90% 2.3 23 1.60–3.5 16035 5 1.6 16 1.17–2.2 11722 12023 1.20–2.3 1.9 10834 1.08–3.4 COVID1 COVID- (PedsQL (75 (83 (79 (68 (8 (44 (90 2. 1.60–3. 1603 1. 1.17–2. 1172 1202 1.20–2. 1083 1.08–3. (7 (6 ( (4 (9 1.60–3 160 1.17–2 117 120 1.20–2 108 1.08–3 1.60– 1.17– 11 1.20– 10 1.08– 1.60 1.17 1.20 1.08 1.1 1.2 1.0

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores contextuais associados à qualidade de vida (QV) de crianças brasileiras de zero a 12 anos, em momento de ápice de distanciamento social. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, online, de julho a setembro de 2020, com questionário sobre fatores do contexto familiar associados à QV e Inventário Pediátrico sobre QV — PedsQL™. A análise dos dados foi feita por de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: A amostra foi de 849 crianças, na maioria da Região Sul (75%), brancas (83%), com desenvolvimento típico (79%), sedentárias (68%), com uso de telas (85%) em tempo >3h/dia (44%). As mães eram as cuidadoras principais (90%). Foram significativamente associadas a escores mais elevados de QV: a condição de saúde típica (odds ratio — OR 2,38; intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,60–3,55), o tempo de tela ≤2h/dia (OR 1,62; IC95% 1,17–2,24), o distanciamento social considerado “fácil” (OR 1,67; IC95% 1,20–2,32) e a família afirmar estimular a criança (OR 1,93; IC95% 1,08–3,45). Conclusões: Este estudo mostra que o contexto familiar pode influenciar a QV de crianças, especialmente no período de pandemia e de reorganização do ambiente domiciliar. Objetivo (QV 1 anos Métodos observacional transversal online 2020 PedsQL PedsQL™ multinomial Resultados 84 75%, 75 75% , (75%) 83%, 83 83% (83%) 79%, 79 79% (79%) 68%, 68 68% (68%) 85% 85 (85% 3hdia hdia 3h dia h 44%. 44 44% . (44%) 90%. 90 90% (90%) odds 2,38 238 2 38 95 IC95 IC 1,60–3,55, 160355 1,60–3,55 60 3 55 1,60–3,55) 2hdia 2h 1,62 162 62 1,17–2,24, 117224 1,17–2,24 17 24 1,17–2,24) fácil “fácil 1,67 167 67 1,20–2,32 120232 20 32 1,93 193 93 1,08–3,45. 108345 1,08–3,45 08 45 1,08–3,45) Conclusões domiciliar 202 8 7 (75% (83% (79% 6 (68% (85 4 (44% 9 (90% 2,3 23 IC9 16035 1,60–3,5 5 1,6 16 11722 1,17–2,2 1,20–2,3 12023 1,9 19 10834 1,08–3,4 0 (75 (83 (79 (68 (8 (44 (90 2, 1603 1,60–3, 1, 1172 1,17–2, 1,20–2, 1202 1083 1,08–3, (7 (6 ( (4 (9 160 1,60–3 117 1,17–2 1,20–2 120 108 1,08–3 1,60– 11 1,17– 1,20– 10 1,08– 1,60 1,17 1,20 1,08 1,1 1,2 1,0

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes com osteogênese imperfeita (OI). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 30 crianças e adolescentes com OI. Foram avaliados prontuários médicos, uso de bisfosfonatos, características socioeconômicas, dinamometria de preensão palmar, equilíbrio, hipermobilidade articular, nível de deambulação e escores do Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT). Os dados foram apresentados em média e desvio padrão e comparados por teste t por Mann-Whitney, enquanto os categóricos foram apresentados em frequência e comparados pelo teste exato de Fisher. Análises intragrupos foram realizadas por análise de covariância (ANCOVA) ou Teste de Wilcoxon para postos sinalizados. O teste Tau-b de Kendall foi usado para correlações. Resultados: A idade variou de 6 a 18 anos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a gravidade da doença. Casos moderados/graves (n=10) apresentaram menor estatura e força muscular comparadas às dos leves (n=20). Fraqueza muscular foi observada em todos os casos de OI quando comparados à população normal. Não houve diferença nos domínios do PEDI-CAT com exceção do domínio mobilidade. Houve correlação entre o número de fraturas, tipo de OI, peso e equilíbrio e o domínio mobilidade; e entre os domínios Atividades Diárias e Mobilidade e Responsabilidade e Social/cognitivo do PEDI-CAT. Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que crianças com OI moderada/severa podem atingir o mesmo nível de funcionalidade que crianças com a forma leve. Fraturas podem ter grande influência no nível de funcionalidade e o tratamento deve enfocar a prevenção e a reabilitação desses eventos. Objetivo . (OI) Métodos 3 médicos bisfosfonatos socioeconômicas palmar articular PEDICAT. PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT) MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney Fisher ANCOVA (ANCOVA sinalizados Taub Tau b correlações Resultados 1 anos doença moderadosgraves moderados graves n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) normal mobilidade fraturas Socialcognitivo Social cognitivo CAT. Conclusões moderadasevera moderada severa leve eventos (OI (PEDI-CAT n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 children and adolescents with OI. Medical records, use of bisphosphonates, socioeconomic status, handgrip strength, balance, joint hypermobility, ambulatory level, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT) scores were assessed. Data is presented as mean and standard deviation and Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical data is presented as frequency and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Within-group analyses were conducted using ANCOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations used Kendall’s Tau-b test. Results: The participants involved in this study were 6–18 years old. The sample was separated into two groups according to disease severity. The moderate/severe OI group (n=10) presented a lower height and muscular strength than the mild group (n=20). Muscle weakness was observed in all participants with OI when compared with the normal population. No differences were observed between the groups in the PEDI-CAT scores except for the mobility domain. There were correlations between the PEDI-CAT mobility domain and the number of fractures, OI type, weight, and balance; there was also a correlation between the PEDI-CAT daily activities, mobility, responsibility, and social/cognitive domains. Conclusions: The findings suggest that children with moderate/severe forms of OI can achieve the same function levels as children with mild OI. Fractures can have a major influence on the functional level, and treatment should focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of these events when they occur. Objective . (OI) Methods crosssectional cross sectional 3 records bisphosphonates status balance hypermobility level InventoryComputer Inventory Computer PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT assessed Students Student s ttest t test MannWhitney Mann Whitney Fishers Fisher Withingroup Within signedrank signed rank Kendalls Kendall Taub Tau b Results 618 6 18 6–1 old severity moderatesevere moderate severe n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) population fractures type weight activities responsibility socialcognitive social cognitive domains Conclusions occur (OI 61 1 6– n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

Abstract Introduction: Positive mental health involves a mix of personal and psychosocial resources, as well as attitudes, affections, and positive behaviors that allow the person to face the challenges that arise in life, at a personal, family, social, and school level. Objective: Determine the association between personal factors and positive mental health in high school students during COVID-19. Methodology: Descriptive correlational study. Intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The sample consisted of 210 students of both sexes, ages 15 to 19, enrolled in cycle 2022-1 of the morning shift. Adolescents with visual conditions were excluded. A personal factors study and Positive Mental Health Scale were applied, with prior assent and informed consent. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential Results: The students were 64.8% female, 76.1% were under 17 years of age, 53.3% were in the sixth semester, 42% presented COVID-19 and 45% reported losses due to COVID-19. Global positive mental health was low in 50.5% of students. There was a significant positive statistical association in overall positive mental health with sex p=0.01, and a negative one with suffering from a mental illness p=0.01 and having family members who suffered from a mental illness p=0.05. Conclusion: Mental health of young people was not very positive. It needs to be studied to generate nursing interventions for promotion and prevention of school health to result in effective stress management of young people who are in high school when considering the family, society, and the educational field.

Abstrato Introdução: A saúde mental positiva envolve um conjunto de recursos pessoais e psicossociais, atitudes, afetos e comportamentos positivos que permitem à pessoa enfrentar os desafios que surgem na vida, a nível pessoal, familiar, social e escolar. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre fatores pessoais e saúde mental positiva em estudantes do ensino médio em tempos de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, preditivo e correlacional. Amostragem não probabilística intencional, amostra 210 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, matriculados no ciclo 2022-1 do turno da manhã. Foram excluídos os adolescentes com problemas visuais. Foram aplicados inquérito de fatores pessoais e Escala de Saúde Mental Positiva, com prévio assentimento e consentimento informado. A análise estatística foi descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Os alunos eram 64,8% do sexo feminino, 76,1% tinham menos de 17 anos, 53,3% estavam no sexto semestre, 42% apresentaram COVID-19 e 45% relataram perdas por COVID-19. A saúde mental positiva global foi baixa em 50,5% dos estudantes. Houve associação estatística positiva significativa na saúde mental geral positiva com sexo p=0,01, e negativa com sofrer de doença mental p=0,01 e ter familiares que sofriam de doença mental p=0,05. Conclusão: A saúde mental positiva dos jovens foi baixa, necessita ser estudada para gerar intervenções de enfermagem na promoção e prevenção da saúde escolar para promover o enfrentamento eficaz do manejo do estresse dos jovens que estão no ensino médio quando se considera a família, a sociedade e o campo educacional.

Resumen Introducción: La salud mental positiva involucra una mezcla de recursos personales y psicosociales, actitudes, afectos y comportamientos positivos que permiten a la persona enfrentar los retos que se le presentan en la vida, a nivel personal, familiar, social y escolar. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores personales y la salud mental positiva en estudiantes de bachillerato en tiempos de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Muestreo intencional no probabilístico, en una muestra de 210 estudiantes de ambos sexos, edades de 15 a 19 años, inscritos en ciclo 2022-1 del turno matutino. Se excluyeron adolescentes con afecciones visuales. Se aplicó encuesta de factores personales y Escala de Salud Mental Positiva, previo asentimiento y consentimiento informado. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Los estudiantes fueron 64.8 % del sexo femenino, 76.1 % eran menores de 17 años, 53.3 % cursaban sexto semestre, 42 % presentó COVID-19 y 45 % manifestó pérdidas por Covid-19. La salud mental positiva global fue baja en 50.5 % de los estudiantes. Hubo asociación estadística significativa positiva en salud mental positiva global con sexo p=0.01, y negativa con padecer alguna enfermedad mental p=0.01 y contar con familiares que padecían alguna enfermedad mental p=0.05. Conclusión: La salud mental positiva de los jóvenes fue baja, se requiere ser estudiada para generar intervenciones de enfermería en promoción y prevención de la salud escolar para favorecer un afrontamiento efectivo del manejo el estrés de los jóvenes que cursan bachillerato al considerar a la familia, la sociedad y al ámbito educativo.

RESUMEN La empleabilidad es un proceso complejo, caracterizado en los últimos años por disímiles requerimientos, por lo que representa un reto para los graduados de las universidades, debido a la exigencia de competencias profesionales y sociales que demanda el mercado. Dada la preocupación existente, para garantizar de forma eficaz el proceso de empleo de los graduados de las carreras de turismo en las Universidades de Santiago de los Caballeros, de la República Dominicana, se realizó un diagnóstico que permitió la identificación de los factores que inciden en el proceso.

ABSTRACT Employability is a complex process, characterized in recent years by dissimilar requirements, which represents a challenge for university graduates, due to the demand for professional and social competencies demanded by the market. Given the existing concern to effectively guarantee the employment process of the graduates of the tourism careers in the Universities of Santiago de los Caballeros, in the Dominican Republic, a diagnosis was carried out to identify the factors that affect the process.

Abstract Introduction. Livestock farming with Creole cattle is practiced in rural areas with challenging characteristics for species management. Objective. To describe the production system and the socio-cultural and technical-economic factors affecting the production of Nunkiní Creole cattle (Bos taurus). Materials and methods. The study was conducted from November 2020 to October 2021 in nine livestock production units of Nunkiní, Calkiní municipality, Campeche, Mexico. Information was obtained from an interview form with social, cultural, technical, and economic study variables, applied to selected producers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results. Livestock farming was carried out by men (100 %), with an average age of 58.44 years. The average years of experience were 34.61. Younger producers had higher levels of education and less experience, and were responsible for the production units of higher technological levels. The size of the livestock production unit ranged from five to twenty-two cattle (average of 14). Feeding management followed a transhumance scheme, with cattle being free-ranging on ejido lands and from May to December and semi-stabled from January to April, grazing on cultivated pastures and supplemented with agricultural residues. With the zootechnical management implemented by the producers, an average pregnancy rate of 83 % was achieved. The main product marketed was fresh meat in cuts and direct sale to consumers, with an average price of 2.675 USD$/kg. Conclusion. It is traditional extensive system that takes advantage of the common use of grasslands. It involves experienced but older producers, with small investments, and serves to strengthen their family economy. This activity is threatened by the lack of revaluation of Creole cattle and the introduction of exotic breeds in the area to maximize production.

Resumen Introducción. La ganadería con bovinos criollos se práctica en espacios rurales con características difíciles para el manejo de las especies. Objetivo. Describir el sistema productivo y los factores socioculturales y técnico-económicos que afectan la producción del bovino criollo de Nunkiní (Bos taurus). Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre noviembre del 2020 a octubre del 2021, en nueve unidades de producción pecuarias de Nunkiní en el municipio de Calkiní, Campeche, México. La información se obtuvo de una cédula de entrevista con variables de estudio sociales, culturales, técnicas y económicas, aplicada a productores seleccionados. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y ANDEVA. Resultados. La crianza del ganado la realizaron hombres (100 %), con edad promedio de 58,44 años. Los años de experiencia promedio fueron de 34, 61. Los productores jóvenes tuvieron mayor escolaridad y menor experiencia, y se encargaron de las unidades de producción de mayor nivel tecnológico. El tamaño de la unidad de producción pecuaria varió de cinco a veintidós bovinos (media de 14). El manejo alimenticio tuvo un esquema de trashumancia, donde de mayo a diciembre estuvieron libres en tierras ejidales y de enero a abril se manejaron semiestabulados, con pastoreo en potreros cultivados y suplementados con residuos agrícolas. Con el manejo zootécnico implementado por los productores, se obtuvo un promedio de 83 % de preñez. El producto principal comercializado fue carne fresca en cortes y venta directa al consumidor, con un precio promedio de 2,675 USD$/kg. Conclusión. Es un sistema tradicional extensivo que aprovecha el uso común de los agostaderos. Con productores de experiencia, pero de edad avanzada, de pequeña inversión y le sirve para fortalecer su economía familiar. Dicha actividad se ve amenazada por la falta de revalorización del bovino criollo y la introducción de razas exóticas en la zona para maximizar la producción.

Abstract Introduction. The coffee agroecosystems holds significant environmental, social, and economic importance in the subtropical regions of Mexico, but it is vulnerable to unexpected events such as climate change. In recent history, it has been documented that the coffee agroecosystem undergoes a constant process of self-organization based on adaptation and learning in the face of various adverse scenarios. Objective. To determine the resilience capacity of the coffee agroecosystem in the central region of the Veracruz state. Materials and methods. The research was conducted from December 2017 to November 2018 in Tezonapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Fifty-two interviews were conducted with coffee growers to measure the resilience index, which is composed of thirty variables corresponding to seven factors (social, economic, technological, infrastructure, communications, institutional, and environmental). These factors were normalized using the mim-max scaling method. Resilience was estimated on a scale of 0-1, where values close to zero represent low resilience capacity and values close to one, represent high resilience. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Chi-squared tests. Results. Statistically significant differences (p<0,05) were found for the economic (0,06) and technological (0,22) dimensions indicators, which had the lowest contribution to resilience. Conversely, the social (0,78) and environmental (0,74) dimensions had a the highest contribution to resilience capacity, determined by the altitudinal gradient. Conclusion. The indicators that contributed the most to the resilience capacity of the coffee agroecosystem were those in the social and environmental dimensions, while the economic and technological dimensions contributed the least.

Resumen Introducción. El agroecosistema de café presenta gran importancia ambiental, social y económica en regiones subtropicales de México, pero también es vulnerable a eventos inesperados como el cambio climático. En la historia reciente, se ha documentado que el agroecosistema de café presenta un proceso constante de autoorganización basada en la adaptación y el aprendizaje ante los diversos escenarios adversos. Objetivo. Determinar la capacidad de resiliencia del agroecosistema cafetalero en la región centro del estado de Veracruz. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó de diciembre de 2017 a noviembre de 2018 en Tezonapa, Veracruz, México. Se realizaron 52 entrevistas a caficultores para medir el índice de resiliencia, integrado por treinta variables, correspondientes a siete factores (social, económico, tecnológico, infraestructura, comunicaciones, institucional y ambiental). Estos factores fueron normalizados por el método de escalamiento mínimo-máximo. La resiliencia se estimó en una escala de 0-1, donde valores cercanos a cero representan baja capacidad de resiliencia y cercanos a uno, alta resiliencia. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y chi-cuadrado. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,5) para los indicadores de las dimensiones económica (0,06) y tecnológica (0,22), con la menor contribución a la resiliencia. Por el contrario, las dimensiones sociales (0,78) y ambiental (0,74) tuvieron mayor contribución a la capacidad de resiliencia, determinado por el gradiente altitudinal. Conclusiones. Los indicadores con el mayor aporte a la capacidad de resiliencia del agroecosistema de café fueron los de dimensiones social y ambiental, y con bajo aporte las dimensiones económica y tecnológica.

Abstract: The pandemic period served as a catalyst in the museums' adaptation, leading them to embrace innovation, collaboration, and resilience. As they emerged from the COVID-19 crisis, these institutions found themselves in a unique position to play a vital role in society's rebuilding and in preserving cultural heritage in an ever-changing world. The article aims to explore the main measures adopted, review the scientific literature on the subject, highlight some relevant cases in European, Asian, and American museums, and identify the challenges and dynamics driven in the post-pandemic period. The text stems from a thorough literature review to determine how the museum field should reconfigure its presence, considering three factors: technology, heritage, and audience. A landscape in which the presence of social networks, the rise of online exhibitions, and other digital resources are considered fundamental.

Resumen: El periodo pandémico supuso un catalizador en la adaptación de los museos, llevándolos a abrazar la innovación, la colaboración y la resiliencia. A medida que emergieron de la crisis del covid-19, dichas entidades se encontraron en una posición única para desempeñar un papel vital en la reconstrucción de la sociedad y en la preservación del patrimonio cultural en un mundo en constante cambio. El artículo busca conocer cuáles fueron las principales medidas adoptadas, conocer la literatura científica al respecto, reseñar algunos casos relevantes en museos europeos, asiáticos y americanos, y señalar los retos y las dinámicas impulsadas en el periodo postpandémico. El texto nace de una atenta revisión bibliográfica para delimitar de qué modo el ámbito museístico debe reconfigurar su presencia atendiendo a tres factores: tecnología, patrimonio y público. Un panorama en que la presencia de las redes sociales, el auge de las exposiciones en línea y otros recursos digitales se consideran fundamentales.

ABSTRACT Although the Colombian Constitutional Court has issued a large number of rulings on the rights of the LGBTQ population, little attention has been paid to assessing the impact of these rulings beyond the mere formal recognition of rights. This article focuses on ruling T-063 of 2015, which recognized the right of trans people to change their gender markers on official documents without undergoing a voluntary judicial process. Drawing on interviews and documentary sources, this article shows that the mobilization that emerged in support of this litigation, both during the judicial review process and after the decision was issued, influenced the positive effects that this decision had in the legal, political, and social fields. I argue that the availability of participatory mechanisms -especially amicus curiae briefs (or intervenciones)-and the multisectoral composition of the network of actors involved in the mobilization are two crucial factors for understanding the positive impact of ruling T-063/15 on the legal recognition of gender identity.

RESUMEN Aunque la Corte Constitucional de Colombia ha promulgado una amplia serie de sentencias sobre los derechos de la población LGBTQ, hasta ahora muy pocas investigaciones se han interesado en evaluar el impacto de estos fallos más allá de sus implicaciones para el reconocimiento formal de derechos. Este artículo analiza el impacto de una de estas decisiones, la sentencia T-063 de 2015, la cual reconoció el derecho de las personas trans a cambiar el componente sexo en sus documentos de identificación sin tener que recurrir a un proceso de jurisdicción voluntaria. Con base en entrevistas y la revisión de fuentes documentales, este trabajo muestra que la movilización que se desencadenó a favor de este litigio, tanto durante el proceso de revisión judicial como después de la promulgación del fallo, influyó en los efectos positivos que tuvo esta sentencia en los campos legal, político y social. Argumento que la existencia de mecanismos participativos -en particular de los escritos de intervención- y la composición multisectorial de la red de actores que participó en la movilización son dos factores cruciales para entender el impacto positivo de la sentencia T-063/15 sobre el reconocimiento legal de la identidad de género.

Resumo: Este estudo investigou os efeitos da percepção do vínculo parental, variáveis sociodemográficas e gestacionais na intensidade do apego materno-fetal (AMF) no contexto de gestação de alto risco. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal com 119 participantes. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal - Versão Breve e o Parental Bonding Instrument. Os resultados da análise de regressão linear múltipla foram estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05). O modelo final explicou 28,7 % da variância do AMF e foi composto pelas variáveis de superproteção paterna, cuidado paterno, idade da mulher, idade gestacional e suporte do pai do bebê. Reitera-se que a intensidade do AMF é multideterminada, envolvendo aspectos da história de vida, sociais e situacionais. A percepção da mulher acerca do vínculo paterno durante sua infância e adolescência e o apoio do pai do bebê no período gestacional destacam-se como fatores influentes para a vinculação materno-fetal, indicando a importância do envolvimento paterno ao longo do ciclo vital. São pontuadas implicações para a prática profissional, bem como limitações e recomendações de estudos futuros.

Resumen: Este estudio investigó los efectos de la percepción del vínculo parental, las variables sociodemográficas y gestacionales en la intensidad del apego materno-fetal (AMF) en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo y transversal con 119 participantes. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal-Versión Breve y el Instrumento de Vínculo Parental. Los resultados del análisis de regresión lineal múltiple fueron estadísticamente significativos (p < .05). El modelo final explicó el 28.7 % de la varianza del AMF y estuvo compuesto por las variables de sobreprotección paterna, cuidado paterno, edad de la mujer, edad gestacional y apoyo del padre del bebé. Se reitera que la intensidad del AMF es multideterminada, lo que involucra aspectos de la historia de vida, sociales y situacionales. La percepción de la mujer sobre el vínculo paternal durante su infancia y adolescencia, así como el apoyo del padre del bebé durante el período gestacional, destacan como factores influyentes en el apego materno-fetal, lo que indica la importancia de la participación paterna a lo largo del ciclo vital. Se puntualizan implicaciones para la práctica profesional, así como limitaciones y recomendaciones para estudios futuros.

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of perceived parental bonding, sociodemographic and gestational variables on the intensity of maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in the context of high-risk pregnancies. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study involving 119 participants. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale-Brief Version, and the Parental Bonding Instrument were administered. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis were statistically significant (p < .05). The final model explained 28.7 % of the variance in MFA and included the variables of paternal overprotection, paternal care, maternal age, gestational age, and the support from the baby's father. We emphasize that MFA intensity is multidetermined, involving aspects of life history, social, and situational factors. The woman’s perception of paternal bonding during her childhood and adolescence, as well as the support from the baby's father during the gestational period, are highlighted as influential factors for maternal-fetal attachment, indicating the importance of paternal involvement throughout the life cycle. Implications for professional practice, as well as limitations and recommendations for future studies are discussed.

Abstract In social foraging situations some organisms tend to search their own resources (producer), while others tend to steal and/or join previously discovered food sources (scrounger). Information gain is a factor that allows for efficient identification of sources of food and other organisms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of information gain on the proportion of producer responses using the experimental Guaymas Foraging Task. The task involved searching for and harvesting food in a virtual habitat (videogame), where participants could control a virtual character's movement. Four conditions were manipulated, varying the camera angle and distance. The results show that the producer index was higher in conditions where the camera distance was far. This finding implies that an increase in the overview of the search areas allows the participant to adjust more quickly to contingencies, increasing the proportion of producer responses. On the other hand, the rate maximization model is capable of predicting changes independently of the information gain. However, integrating individual factors into the model could enhance its quantitative predictions.

Resumen Durante la búsqueda de recursos (forrajeo), algunos organismos tienden a buscar sus propios recursos (producir), mientras que otros tienden a robar y/o acoplarse a las fuentes de alimento previamente descubiertas (parasitar). La ganancia de información es un factor que permite identificar eficientemente las fuentes de alimento y otros organismos. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la ganancia de información en la proporción de respuestas productoras mediante la tarea experimental Guaymas Foraging Task. La tarea consistió en la búsqueda y cosecha de alimento en un hábitat virtual (videojuego), donde las participantes podían desplazar un personaje virtual. Se manipularon cuatro condiciones que variaron en el ángulo y distancia de la cámara. Los resultados muestran que el índice productor fue mayor en las condiciones donde la distancia de la cámara era lejana. Este hallazgo implica que el aumento en el panorama de las zonas de búsqueda permite a quien participa ajustarse más rápido a las contingencias, incrementando la proporción de respuestas productoras. Por otra parte, el modelo de maximización de la tasa es capaz de predecir los cambios independientemente de la ganancia de la información. Sin embargo, la integración de factores individuales al modelo podría mejorar sus predicciones cuantitativas.

Abstract The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between academic stress and self-concept, to compare both variables according to gender, and to identify the predictive capacity of self-concept factors in the levels of academic stress in university students. The results confirmed a negative association between academic stress and self-concept and significant differences between men and women. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis differentiated by sex was performed. In the case of women, the model was constituted by the emotional, academic-work, social, family and physical factors of self-concept; in the case of men, only the emotional and academic-work dimensions were integrated. It is concluded that the self-concept contributes to the prediction of the behavior of academic stress in higher education students. For these reasons, it is convenient to promote activities for students in university institutions that improve their perception of themselves.

Resumen Los objetivos centrales de la indagatoria fueron analizar la asociación entre el estrés académico y el autoconcepto, comparar dichos fenómenos psicológicos entre géneros e identificar el poder predictivo de los factores del autoconcepto en los índices de estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados confirmaron una asociación negativa entre las variables abordadas y diferencias hombres y mujeres. Adicionalmente, se realizaron dos análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para cado uno de los géneros. En mujeres, los factores emocional, académico-laboral, social, familiar y físico del autoconcepto aportaron a la explicación del estrés académico; en el de los hombres, solo se integraron las dimensiones emocional y académico-laboral. Se concluye que el autoconcepto aporta a la predicción del comportamiento del estrés académico en estudiantes de educación superior. Por tales razones, resulta conveniente suscitar en las instituciones universitarias, actividades tendientes a la mejora de la percepción de sí mismos por parte de los jóvenes.

Abstract Introduction: First responders in emergencies are exposed to psychosocial factors that can increase the risk of stress, due, among other variables, to the conditions of the functions performed, which can undermine the health status of this population. Objective: Determine the symptoms that reveal the presence of stress reactions in first responders to emergencies and their association with age and seniority in the institution. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out that included first responders to emergencies from a fire department in Colombia, 215 participants. An association was made between the level of stress and the variables age and seniority. Results: A high and very high stress level of 50.3% was found. Physiological and social behavior symptoms presented the highest levels. Older workers had greater stress. There was no association with length of service. Conclusion: More than half of the population has high and very high stress levels. The oldest emergency first responders were those with the highest risk levels of stress.

Resumen Introducción: Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias se encuentra expuestos a factores psicosociales que pueden incrementar el riesgo de estrés, debido, entre otras variables, a las condiciones propias de las funciones ejercidas lo cual puede menoscabar el estado de salud de esta población. Objetivo: Determinar los síntomas reveladores de la presencia de reacciones de estrés en personal de primera respuesta a emergencias y su asociación con la edad y la antigüedad en la institución. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó el personal de primera respuesta a emergencias de una institución de bomberos en Colombia, 215 participantes. Se realizó asociación entre el nivel de estrés y las variables edad y antigüedad. Resultados: Se encontró un nivel de estrés alto y muy alto del 50.3%. Los síntomas fisiológicos y de comportamiento social presentaron los niveles más altos. Los trabajadores con mayor edad presentaron mayor estrés. No se presentó asociación con la antigüedad en el cargo. Conclusión: Más de la mitad de la población tiene niveles de estrés alto y muy alto. Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias con mayor edad fueron los que presentaron niveles de riesgo más alto de estrés.

Resumo: Desde a década de 1960, uma série de pesquisas tem questionado a capacidade das escolas para igualar os níveis de aprendizagem entre alunos de diferentes origens sociais. Apesar da diversidade de programas e políticas que buscaram equalizar as diferenças, pesquisas em diversos contextos constataram repetidamente que as diferenças não apenas persistem, mas são reproduzidas nas escolas. Este artigo aborda o problema de uma perspectiva um pouco diferente: seu objetivo é identificar práticas e atitudes de estudantes e docentes associadas a diferenças no desempenho escolar entre estudantes de condição social e econômica mais baixa no Brasil e na Argentina. O objetivo não é entender os mecanismos que reproduzem as diferenças entre os estratos, mas sim aqueles que geram maior desempenho relativo entre os estudantes com menos recursos. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos resultados do teste PISA de 2018 por meio de modelos estatísticos multivariados. Essa análise mostrou que determinados fatores, como a empatia docente, a motivação e perseverança estudantil ou as modalidades de estudo, estão associados ao desempenho. Mas também mostrou que a magnitude da associação varia de acordo com o contexto. Esses resultados contribuem para a elaboração de políticas educacionais que buscam aumentar o desempenho em estratos desfavorecidos, indicando algumas condições que podem favorecê-lo, mas também alertando sobre as dificuldades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de forma acrítica

Abstract: Since the 1960s, a vast array of studies has questioned the ability of schools to equalize learning levels among students from different social backgrounds. Despite various programs and policies aimed at reducing these disparities, research in diverse contexts has repeatedly found that not only do these differences persist, but they are also reproduced within the school system. This article approaches the issue from a slightly different perspective: its objective is to identify practices and attitudes of students and teachers that are associated with differences in school performance among students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil and Argentina. The focus is not on understanding the mechanisms that perpetuate differences between social strata, but rather on identifying those that lead to higher relative achievements among students with fewer resources. A comparative analysis of the 2018 PISA test results was conducted using multivariate statistical models. This analysis revealed that certain factors, such as teacher empathy, student motivation and perseverance, and study methods, are associated with academic performance. However, it also showed that the strength of these associations varies depending on the context. These findings contribute to the design of educational policies aimed at improving performance in disadvantaged groups by highlighting conditions that may foster better outcomes, while also cautioning against uncritically extrapolating results across different contexts

Resumen: Desde la década de 1960 en adelante una extensa serie de estudios ha puesto en duda la capacidad de la escuela para igualar los niveles de aprendizaje entre estudiantes de distinto origen social. Pese a la diversidad de programas y políticas que han buscado igualar las diferencias, distintas investigaciones en diversos contextos han encontrado una y otra vez que las diferencias no solo persisten, sino que se reproducen en la escuela. En este artículo se aborda el problema desde una óptica ligeramente diferente: su objetivo es identificar prácticas y actitudes de estudiantes y docentes asociadas a las diferencias de desempeño escolar entre estudiantes de menor nivel económico social en Brasil y Argentina. No se busca comprender los mecanismos que reproducen las diferencias entre estratos, sino aquellos que generan mayores logros relativos en los estudiantes con menos recursos. Se realizó para ello un análisis comparativo de los resultados de las pruebas PISA del 2018 mediante modelos estadísticos multivariados. Este análisis mostró que ciertos factores, como la empatía docente, la motivación y perseverancia estudiantil o las modalidades de estudio se asocian al desempeño. Pero también evidenció que la magnitud de la asociación varía con el contexto. Estos resultados aportan al diseño de políticas educativas que procuren incrementar el desempeño en estratos desfavorecidos, al indicar algunas condiciones que pueden favorecerlo, pero advirtiendo también sobre las dificultades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de manera acrítica

RESUMEN La discriminación y las violencias basadas en género dirigidas en contra de la población LGBTIQ+ se han estructurado a través de los años en una sociedad heteronormativa, machista, patriarcal y religiosa, causando así graves violaciones a derechos humanos relacionada a factores de comisión de delitos como el homicidio, feminicidio y la tortura. Algo característico de la comisión de estos actos es la sistematicidad y el factor de diversidad sexual y de género por el cual se realizan, con el fin de adaptar un pensamiento conservador implementado en la sociedad, causando diferentes formas de discriminación, discursos de odio e interseccionalidad que afectan el pleno desarrollo y la garantía de una vida digna para la población LGBTIQ+. Debido a la zozobra generada en la población LGBTIQ+, y sumado a ello el rasgo histórico de esta violencia sistemática, resulta necesario e interesante abordar la perspectiva de los delitos de lesa humanidad desde un análisis de la diversidad sexual como factor indiscutible de que el género y las diversidades sexuales deben contar con una intervención y aplicación de las tipificaciones contempladas en el Estatuto de Roma, buscando que estos instrumentos internacionales se adapten plenamente a realidades sociales presentes, que han causado en la comunidad internacional preocupación y obligaciones para una plena garantía de derechos e igualdad social para la población LGBTIQ+.

ABSTRACT Discrimination and gender-based violence directed against the LGBTIQ+ population have been structured over the years in a heteronormative, sexist, patriarchal and religious society, thus causing serious violations of human rights related to factors in the commission of crimes such as homicide, feminicide and torture; Something characteristic of the commission of these acts is the systematicity and the factor of sexual and gender diversity by which they are carried out, in order to adapt a conservative thought implemented in society, causing different forms of discrimination, hate speech and intersectionality. that affect the full development and guarantee of a dignified life for the LGBTIQ+ population. Due to the anxiety generated in the LGBTIQ+ population, and added to this the historical feature of this systematic violence, it is necessary and interesting to address the perspective of crimes against humanity from an analysis of sexual diversity as an indisputable factor that gender and sexual diversities must have an intervention and application of the classifications contemplated in the Rome Statute, seeking that these international instruments fully adapt to present social realities and that have caused concern and obligations in the international community for a full guarantee of rights and social equality for the LGBTIQ+ population.