Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a percepção de professores universitários sobre os determinantes da adoção de tecnologias de mercado no currículo dos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis da América Latina. Este estudo é baseado na Teoria Unificada de Aceitação e Uso de Tecnologia 2 (UTAUT2). Foi realizada uma survey com professores de cursos de graduação em contabilidade localizados em países que fazem parte da América Latina, resultando em uma amostra de 151 professores distribuídos em 16 países. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma abordagem de métodos mistos, utilizando Modelagem de Equações Estruturais - Mínimos Quadrados Parciais e Análise Comparativa Qualitativa fuzzy-set. Os resultados mostram a influência simétrica do hábito, expectativa de desempenho e influência social na adoção de tecnologias de mercado, independentemente da idade, experiência acadêmica ou gênero. Além disso, várias combinações assimétricas de condições acarretam em uma alta adoção de tecnologias de mercado nos currículos de contabilidade, com a expectativa de desempenho presente em todas as combinações possíveis. Latina UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mistos fuzzyset. fuzzyset fuzzy set. set fuzzy-set hábito idade gênero disso possíveis (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the perception of university professors regarding the determinants of adopting market technologies in the curriculums of undergraduate accounting courses in Latin America. This study is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). A survey was conducted with professors from undergraduate accounting courses located in the countries that make up Latin America, resulting in a sample of 151 professors distributed among 16 countries. The data was analyzed through a mixed-method approach using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The findings show the symmetrical influence of habit, performance expectancy, and social influence on the adoption of market technologies regardless of age, academic experience or gender. Furthermore, various asymmetrical combinations of conditions bring about a high adoption of market technologies in accounting curricula, with performance expectancy being present in all possible combinations. America UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mixedmethod mixed method fuzzyset fuzzy set Analysis habit age gender Furthermore curricula (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

Abstract By acknowledging the pervasive effects of New Information and Communication Technologies (NICTs) in contemporary life, this paper reports on the experience and dilemmas of a reflection group on the following question: does the overwhelming and pervasive use of technologies in everyday life, and consequently in health, deserve its own concept for analytical and socio-political prominence? Using Holliday’s systematization, the group proposed the concept of Digital Determinants of Health (DDH) due to the need to strongly highlight the action of NICTs in health - both from an epistemological and socio-political point of view. With the suggestion of the concept of DDH, we urge the academic community to engage in a specific debate on the consequences of NICTs in everyday life in order to guide actions capable of mitigating the negative effects and enhancing the benefits of new technologies in health.

Reconhecendo os efeitos pervasivos das Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (NTICs) em todas as esferas da contemporaneidade, este trabalho relata a experiência e os dilemas de um grupo de reflexão sobre a seguinte pergunta: A utilização de tecnologias de modo massivo e pervasivo no cotidiano e, consequentemente, na Saúde, merece conceito próprio para destaque analítico e sociopolítico? Por meio da sistematização de Holliday, o grupo propõe o conceito de Determinantes Digitais da Saúde (DDS) pela necessidade de evidenciar com força a ação das NTICs na Saúde — tanto do ponto de vista epistemológico quanto do sociopolítico. Com a sugestão do conceito de DDS, exortamos a comunidade acadêmica a um debate específico sobre as consequências das NTICs na existência cotidiana para a orientação de ações capazes de mitigar os efeitos negativos e potencializar os benefícios das novas tecnologias na Saúde.

Reconociendo los efectos penetrantes de las Nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (NTICs) en todas las esferas de la contemporaneidad, este trabajo relata la experiencia y los dilemas de un grupo de reflexión sobre la siguiente pregunta: la utilización de tecnologías de modo masivo y penetrante en el cotidiano y consecuentemente, en la salud, ¿merece un concepto propio para un destaque analítico y sociopolítico? Por medio de la sistematización de Holliday, el grupo propone el concepto de Determinantes Digitales de la Salud (DDS) por la necesidad de poner en evidencia con fuerza la acción de la NTICs en la salud, tanto desde el punto de vista epistemológico, como del sociopolítico. Con la sugerencia del concepto de DDS, exhortamos a la comunidad académica para realizar un debate específico sobre las consecuencias de las NTICs en la existencia cotidiana para la orientación de acciones capaces de mitigar los efectos negativos y potenciar los beneficios de las nuevas tecnologías en la salud.

Resumen La nueva estructura de la migración internacional en el siglo XXI hace que los gobiernos locales se enfrenten a muchos desafíos. Las restricciones legales, las limitaciones presupuestarias y los determinantes sociales y estructurales juegan un papel en la respuesta de las ciudades a la migración internacional. Los municipios utilizan diferentes estrategias tanto para desarrollar respuestas a la inmigración como para hacer frente a las llamadas restricciones. Si bien la cooperación y la colaboración con organizaciones no gubernamentales son las vías preferidas por los municipios, en este estudio estas estrategias se analizan en el contexto de la búsqueda de foros. Se analiza el papel de la Asociación de Solidaridad con Inmigrantes (Göçmendd), apoyada por la Municipalidad de Şişli, y el de la Asociación de Asistencia y Solidaridad para Refugiados y Solicitantes de Asilo (Mülteciler), establecida por la Municipalidad de Sultanbeyli, ambas organizaciones representativas en los acuerdos de gobernanza migratoria de Estambul.

Abstract The new structure of international migration in the 21st century forces local governments to cope with a range of challenges. Legal restrictions, budget constraints, and social and structural determinants all play a role in cities’ response to international migration. Municipalities use an array of strategies to develop responses to immigration and cope with restrictions. While cooperation and collaboration with non-governmental organizations are the strategies of choice for municipalities, in this study, these strategies are analyzed within the context of venue shopping. The role of the Migrant Solidarity Association (Göçmendd), supported by Şişli Municipality, and the Refugee and Asylum Seekers Assistance and Solidarity Association (Mülteciler), established by Sultanbeyli Municipality, are analyzed. Both organizations are representatives in the Istanbul migration governance arrangements.

Abstract Objective. To characterize the geographic distribution of dengue and to evaluate the spatial autocorrelation with social and climatic determinants at the census-tract level in two medium sized cities in northwestern Mexico. Methods. In this work we apply spatial analysis ecological tools, such as the Moran’s Index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) method, to examine global and local spatial correlation between incidence of dengue, with socioeconomic and climatic factors at the census tract-level. For the analysis of the spatial clustering, the Getis-Ord method was used to find statistically significant hot spots in each city. Results. Overall, a global spatial autocorrelation could not be identified, although local clusters of a high dengue incidence, soil surface temperature ≤ 31 °C and high degree of social marginalization coincide. Discussion. We found that at the census-tract level in urban settings, socially disadvantaged populations showed higher clusters of dengue when compared to areas with better socioeconomic conditions. A similar spatial pattern was observed in the two study sites, when considering public health conditions and its aggregation with physical attributes using spatial analysis techniques, supporting the application of this technique for a better understanding about the dengue distribution in urban areas.

Resumen Objetivo. Caracterizar la distribución geográfica de dengue confirmado y evaluar su autocorrelación espacial con determinantes sociales y climáticos a nivel de áreas pequeñas, en dos ciudades del noroeste de México. Métodos. En este trabajo se utilizan herramientas de análisis espacial, como el Índice de Moran y el método de Indicadores Locales de Asociación Espacial (LISA), para examinar la correlación espacial, global y local, entre la incidencia de dengue y factores climáticos y socioeconómicos a nivel de área geoestadística básica (AGEB). Para mapear áreas de alto riesgo, se usó el método de agrupamiento espacial de Getis-Ord. Resultados. En general, no identificamos una autocorrelación espacial global, aunque agrupamientos locales de una alta incidencia de dengue, temperatura de la superficie terrestre ≤31 °C y un alto grado de marginación social, coinciden. Discusión. Encontramos que a nivel de áreas pequeñas urbanas, poblaciones con desventaja social agrupan una mayor carga de dengue comparadas con áreas de mejores condiciones socioeconómicas. En los dos sitios de estudio, se encontraron patrones espaciales similares que correlacionaron problemas de salud y características físicas del medio ambiente utilizando os análisis espaciales, lo que soporta la utilidad de su uso sistemático para entender mejor la distribución urbana del dengue.

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 epidemic has manifested geographically as clusters of high morbidity (hot zones) and as cold spots of low incidence, which have been explained based on social variables. Objective: To characterize morbidity patterns due to COVID-19 in Costa Rica from March 2020 to May 2022 and to explain them through social determinants of health in the geographical context. Methods: An ecological study at the district level was designed with data on vaccination against COVID-19, weekly reports on speed of advance of the epidemic, development level, and other demographic data. Thematic maps were constructed, and spatial morbidity patterns were identified and characterized, which were explained using linear and geographically weighted regression models. Results: In the Greater Metropolitan Area and surrounding area, clusters of hot spots were identified, and cold spots flanked these high-incidence areas. The linear regression model, built from the variables: average number of vaccines per person, speed in weekly case reporting, social development in its economic, educational, and health dimensions, as well as the proportion of overcrowded homes and people born in the outside, explained more than 70 % of the spatial variations of the incidence of cases (crude and standardized by age and sex). The geographically weighted model corrected autocorrelation problems, improving the explanatory capacity to 82 %. Conclusions: morbidity during the COVID-19 epidemic until May 2020 was configured spatially through well-established clusters of hot and cold spots. This structure could be explained from the social determinants of health, proving that effects on morbidity are generated, differentiated territorially.

Resumen Introducción: En distintos países, la epidemia de covid-19 se ha manifestado en el espacio geográfico como conglomerados de alta morbilidad o zonas calientes, y como conglomerados de puntos fríos de baja incidencia, los que han sido explicados a partir de variables sociales. Objetivo: Caracterizar los patrones la morbilidad de covid-19 en Costa Rica entre marzo del 2020 y mayo del 2022, y explicarlos desde los determinantes sociales de la salud en el contexto geográfico. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio ecológico a nivel distrital, con datos sobre vacunación contra covid-19, reportes semanales sobre la velocidad de avance de la epidemia, el nivel de desarrollo, y otros datos demográficos. Se construyeron mapas temáticos, se identificaron y caracterizaron los patrones geoespaciales de la morbilidad explicados a partir de modelos de regresión lineal y geográficamente ponderada. Resultados: Se identificaron conglomerados de puntos calientes en la Gran Área Metropolitana y su entorno, y puntos fríos que flanquean esta zona de alta incidencia. El modelo de regresión lineal que incluyó el promedio de vacunas por persona, la velocidad en el reporte de casos semanal, el desarrollo social en sus dimensiones económica, educacional y sanitaria, así como la proporción de viviendas hacinadas y de personas nacidas en el exterior, explicó más del 70 % de las variaciones espaciales de la incidencia de casos (bruta y estandarizada por edad y sexo). El modelo geográficamente ponderado corrigió problemas de autocorrelación mejorando la capacidad explicativa a un 82 %. Conclusiones: La morbilidad durante la epidemia de covid-19, en Costa Rica, durante el período evaluado, se configuró mediante conglomerados espaciales de puntos calientes y fríos muy bien establecidos. Esta estructura se pudo explicar desde los determinantes sociales de la salud, comprobando que se generan efectos en la morbilidad, diferenciados territorialmente.

ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the social determinants of health in Angola. This is a documentary, exploratory and quantitative research, carried out with data from the 2015-2016 Multiple Indicators and Health Survey in Angola. The analyzed variables were: access to drinking water sources; appropriate sanitary facilities; access to electricity; educational level; access to jobs; child mortality rate; prenatal consultations; and vaccination coverage. It was observed that 45.2% of households do not have access to adequate water sources for drinking; 52.9% use inappropriate sanitation facilities, mainly in rural areas; 31% of men aged 15 to 49 were unemployed; 42% of households had access to electricity; 22% of women and 8% of men aged 15 to 49 have never attended school; the estimated infant mortality rate was 44 deaths for every 1000 live births; 44.1% of pregnant women with lower socioeconomic status did not undergo any prenatal consultation; 18.3% of children aged 12 to 23 months and 21% aged 24 to 35 months did not receive any vaccine. It is concluded that there are large gaps in access to social determinants of health, highlighting the need for government efforts in partnership with international organizations to improve the population’s health conditions.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar os fatores determinantes sociais da saúde em Angola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, exploratória e quantitativa, realizada com dados do Inquérito de Indicadores Múltiplos e de Saúde 2015-2016 de Angola. Foram analisadas as variáveis: acesso a fontes de água para beber; instalações sanitárias apropriadas; acesso à eletricidade; nível educacional; acesso a empregos; taxa de mortalidade infantil; consultas pré-natais; e cobertura vacinal. Observou-se que 45,2% dos agregados familiares não têm acesso a fontes de água apropriada para beber; 52,9% utiliza instalações sanitárias não apropriadas, principalmente nas áreas rurais; 31% dos homens de 15 a 49 anos estavam desempregados; 42% dos agregados familiares possuíam acesso à eletricidade; 22% das mulheres e 8% dos homens de 15 a 49 anos nunca frequentaram a escola; a estimativa da taxa de mortalidade infantil foi de 44 mortes para cada 1000 nascidos-vivos; 44,1% das gestantes com menor nível socioeconômico não realizaram nenhuma consulta pré-natal; 18,3% das crianças de 12 a 23 meses e 21% de 24 a 35 meses não receberam nenhuma vacina. Conclui-se que existem grandes lacunas no acesso a determinantes sociais da saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de esforços governamentais em parceria com organismos internacionais para melhorar as condições de saúde da população.

Abstract: With the advent of modern Medicine, the connections between emotions and medical conditions have primarily been described through observational studies, where conclusions are drawn from correlations of observations rather than experimental research. Psychoanalytical theory has often been used to explain many common illnesses. This approach remains prevalent today. Interestingly, despite the wealth of information now available on the influence of emotions on health, the current divide between neurology and psychiatry, as well as the separation between mental health services and primary care, combined with the time constraints and physicians’ workload, have led to a fragmented approach to many disorders. In these cases, psychological and emotional factors play an important role but are often inadequately addressed. The objective of this paper is to analyse the existing evidence on the relationship between anger and health through a narrative review. The evidence and data presented point to the need for analytical studies based on scientific methodology to explore the relationship between anger and health, and particularly to adopt an integral health approach taking into account social determinants and the role of empathy among the healthcare professionals and clinical and social care. The prevention and treatment of problems related to the high prevalence and intensity of anger are particularly relevant, given the potential negative impact this emotion can have on patients’ physical and mental health, as well as their social adjustment and relationships.

Resumen: Con la llegada de la medicina moderna, las conexiones entre las emociones y las enfermedades se han descrito principalmente a través de estudios observacionales, en los que las conclusiones se extraen de las correlaciones de las observaciones en lugar de la investigación experimental. La teoría psicoanalítica se ha utilizado a menudo para explicar muchas enfermedades comunes y este enfoque sigue predominando en la actualidad. Curiosamente, a pesar de la gran cantidad de información disponible hoy sobre la influencia de las emociones en la salud, la división entre la neurología y la psiquiatría, así como la separación entre los servicios de salud mental y la atención primaria, combinada con las limitaciones de tiempo y la carga de trabajo de los médicos, han llevado a un enfoque fragmentado de muchos trastornos. En estos casos, los factores psicológicos y emocionales desempeñan un papel importante, pero a menudo se abordan de forma inadecuada. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, mediante una revisión narrativa, las evidencias existentes entre la ira y la salud. La evidencia y los datos presentados apuntan a la necesidad de estudios analíticos basados en la metodología científica para explorar dicha relación, y en particular para adoptar un enfoque de salud integral que tenga en cuenta los determinantes sociales y el papel de la empatía entre los profesionales de la salud y la atención clínica y social. La prevención y el tratamiento de los problemas relacionados con la elevada prevalencia e intensidad de la ira son especialmente relevantes, dado el potencial impacto negativo que esta emoción puede tener sobre la salud física y mental de los pacientes, así como en su ajuste social y sus relaciones.

Resumo: Com o advento da medicina moderna, as conexões entre emoções e doenças foram descritas principalmente por meio de estudos observacionais, nos quais as conclusões são tiradas de correlações de observações em vez de pesquisas experimentais. A teoria psicanalítica tem sido usada com frequência para explicar muitas doenças comuns e essa abordagem ainda predomina atualmente. É interessante notar que, apesar da riqueza de informações disponíveis atualmente sobre a influência das emoções na saúde, a divisão entre neurologia e psiquiatria, bem como a separação entre os serviços de saúde mental e a atenção primária, combinadas com as restrições de tempo e com a carga de trabalho da equipe médica, levaram a uma abordagem fragmentada de muitos transtornos. Nesses casos, os fatores psicológicos e emocionais desempenham papel importante, mas geralmente são abordados de forma inadequada. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, por meio de revisão narrativa, as evidências entre ira e saúde. As evidências eos dados apresentados apontam para a necessidade de estudos analíticos baseados em metodologia científica para explorar essa relação e, em especial, para a adoção de uma abordagem holística de saúde que considere os determinantes sociais e o papel da empatia entre os profissionais da saúde e a assistência clínica e social. A prevenção e o tratamento de problemas relacionados à alta prevalência e intensidade da ira são particularmente relevantes, dado o possível impacto negativo que essa emoção pode ter na saúde física e mental dos pacientes, bem como em seu ajuste social e em seus relacionamentos.

Abstract: Student socioeconomic segregation is one of the main sources of educational inequity in Argentina. The objective of this paper is to study the explanatory factors of school attendance in privately managed institutions at the secondary level. Furthermore, given the differences in the participation of the private sector by provinces, we particularly aim to compare these determinants to identify possible discrepancies related to geographic location. Some evidence was found that, beyond purchasing power, various social, economic, and cultural characteristics of households are associated with the type of school attended. Moreover, it can be observed that these relationships are not totally homogeneous between the provinces.

Resumen: La segregación del alumnado por nivel socioeconómico es una de las principales fuentes de inequidad educativa en Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los factores explicativos de la asistencia escolar a instituciones de gestión privada en el nivel secundario. Asimismo, dadas las diferencias en la participación del sector privado por provincias, se busca especialmente comparar dichos determinantes entre estas para detectar si hay discrepancias vinculadas con la localización geográfica. Para ello, se utilizan datos del operativo de evaluación Aprender 2017 y se estima un modelo econométrico de regresión logística. Se halla evidencia a favor de que, más allá del poder adquisitivo, diversas características sociales, económicas y culturales de los hogares se asocian con el tipo de escuela a la cual se asiste. Además, se observa que dichas relaciones no son totalmente homogéneas entre las provincias.

Abstract Background: Objectives: The COM-B model of capability, motivation, and opportunity was used to estimate the determinants of PrEP usage intention among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with MSM recruited through snowball sampling. The interviews lasted 30-60 minutes and were conducted via Zoom or telephone. The data were analyzed using Atlas Ti v.8 and mapped to capability, motivation, and opportunity domains. Results: Potential facilitators identified were the skills and interest in seeking information about PrEP (capability), social support and peer opinion (opportunity), and motivations to use PrEP as an additional tool in HIV prevention. The main barriers identified were stigma towards homosexuality and HIV (opportunity); healthcare system organization and financing (opportunity); perceived lack of ability to adhere to PrEP usage (capability); and monitoring of PrEP that could be attributed to personal and healthcare system factors (capability and opportunity). Conclusions: Four strategies are suggested to address these barriers: 1) adaptation of interventions that promote knowledge and skills for PrEP; 2) development of navigator interventions to engage organizations and leaders; 3) education and skills training for primary care physicians; and 4) improvement of sexual health care systems.

Resúmen Introducción: Estudios previos en relación con los determinantes del uso de la profilaxis preexposición al VIH en Colombia son escasos, en este estudio nos proponemos usar el modelo de capacidad, motivación y oportunidad COM-B para estimar los determinantes de la intención de uso de PrEP en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Metodología: se realizaron 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas con HSH reclutados por muestreo de bola de nieve, con una duración entre de 30-60 minutos, por zoom o teléfono. Se realizo un análisis de contenido y luego se realizó el mapeo de los temas con los dominios de capacidad, motivación y oportunidad. Resultados: Se encontró como posibles facilitadores las habilidades e interés para buscar información sobre PrEP (Capacidad), el apoyo social y la opinión de pares (oportunidad), y las motivaciones para usar la PrEP como una herramienta adicional en la prevención del VIH. Como barrera se resalta principalmente el estigma hacia la homosexualidad y el VIH (oportunidad), la organización y financiación del sistema de salud, (oportunidad), la percepción de falta de habilidad para cumplir con el uso de PrEP (capacidad), y la monitoria de PrEP que se pudiera atribuir a factores personales y del sistema de salud (capacidad y oportunidad). Consideraciones finales: se sugieren 4 estrategias para abordar esas barreras 1) adaptación de intervenciones que promuevan el conocimiento y las habilidades para PrEP, 2) desarrollos de intervenciones de navegantes que promuevan la participación de organizaciones y lideres, 3) educación y habilidades para médicos de atención primaria, 4) mejoramiento del sistema de atención en salud sexual.

RESUMO O artigo propõe contribuir para a reflexão sobre princípios e estratégias promotoras de saúde em territórios vulnerabilizados, tendo como objetivo específico avaliar o papel que pode ser desempenhado por uma política e serviço público de base local, permanente e participativo, desenvolvido por meio de assessoria técnica com enfoque na requalificação do espaço da moradia e do habitat que favoreça a população mais vulnerabilizada e promova soluções positivas em sua qualidade de vida. O trabalho tem sua fundamentação teórico-metodológica no campo da saúde urbana, referenciada na perspectiva crítica da complexidade do fenômeno saúde-doença, mais especificamente quando relaciona a vulnerabilidade socioambiental e os condicionantes do ambiente construído à saúde coletiva. O artigo utiliza como caso referência a experiência desenvolvida pela Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, e busca verificar a identificação dos fatores determinantes e de processos de determinação social da saúde, bem como a apropriação de princípios e estratégias de ação desse campo disciplinar. Os resultados parciais dessa experiência em curso apresentam avanços não somente nas transformações objetivas dos fatores determinantes relacionados com o ambiente construído, mas também na organização social e na articulação intersetorial nesse contexto, assim como na construção de referências para políticas públicas. vulnerabilizados local participativo vida teóricometodológica teórico metodológica urbana saúdedoença, saúdedoença doença, doença saúde-doença coletiva Atlântica Cruz disciplinar contexto públicas

ABSTRACT The article proposes to contribute to reflection on health promoting principles and strategies in vulnerable territories, aiming at the specific objective to evaluate the role that can be played by a local, permanent, and participatory policy and public service, developed through technical assistance with a focus on improving the housing space and the habitat that favors the most vulnerable population and promotes positive solutions in their quality of life. The work has its theoretical methodological foundation in the field of urban health, referenced from the critical perspective of the complexity of the health-disease phenomenon, more specifically when it relates the social and environmental vulnerability and the conditions of the built environment to collective health. The article uses as a reference the experience developed by FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica, of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and seeks to verify the identification of social determinants and processes of social determination of health as well as the appropriation of principles and strategies of action of this disciplinary field. The partial results of this ongoing experience have advances not only in the objective transformations of determining factors related to the built environment, but also in the social organization and intersectoral articulation in this context, as well as the construction of references for public policies. territories local permanent service life healthdisease disease phenomenon Atlântica Foundation context policies

International students are susceptible to threats to their well-being, as their immigrant status in host societies exposes them to unique challenges such as language difficulties, cultural differences, social isolation, and discrimination (to list a few). Relationships are an important component of individuals' well-being that can mitigate these challenges. Hence, this study aimed to explore the experiences of relational well-being of African international students at a South African university. The study adopted a qualitative design wherein semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data from 16 participants (mean age = 24; females = 5; males = 11). Using thematic analysis, we found that African international students have reciprocal positive relationships with local and other immigrant students, and these contribute to well-being outcomes in the social, psychological, and educational domains of life. In addition, the prevailing institutional culture and the availability of spaces that provide opportunities for interaction are important determinants of relational experiences in the university campus space. It is recommended that student affairs departments create spaces in which African international students could further engage and interact with a diverse group of students to enhance their relational well-being.

RESUMO Com o objetivo de analisar os processos de vulnerabilização socioambientais e em saúde das populações expostas ao petróleo bruto, no contexto da pandemia de covid-19 e apresentar caminhos para a reparação integral comunitária, este estudo assumiu uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica ancorada na Abordagem Ecossistêmica em Saúde, na Reprodução Social da Saúde e na Determinação Social da Saúde. Recorreu-se à pesquisa-ação como estratégia para a interação dialógica com os sujeitos dos territórios e construção de experiências emancipatórias na luta por saúde, ambiente e desenvolvimento sustentável. Apresenta-se, de forma geral, o processo de determinação social da saúde das comunidades da pesca artesanal, a promoção de interlocuções comunitária-institucional. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de estudos no campo da saúde ambiental que alie o conhecimento acadêmico e a sabedoria dos povos das águas à busca por verdade, justiça e reparação. Para tal, é necessário desvelar as injustiças ambientais, o racismo ambiental e os conflitos ambientais, dialogando sobre o modelo de desenvolvimento e o neoextrativismo na sociedade, enquanto importantes desafios e oportunidades para promoção de Territórios Saudáveis e Sustentáveis. bruto covid19 covid 19 covid-1 comunitária teóricometodológica teórico metodológica Recorreuse Recorreu se pesquisaação pesquisa ação sustentável Apresentase, Apresentase Apresenta se, Apresenta-se geral artesanal comunitáriainstitucional. comunitáriainstitucional institucional. institucional comunitária-institucional verdade tal ambientais sociedade Sustentáveis covid1 1 covid-

ABSTRACT This study adopted a theoretical-methodological perspective anchored in the Ecosystem Approach to Health, the Social Reproduction of Health, and the Social Determinants of Health to analyze the socioenvironmental vulnerability and health of populations exposed to crude oil during the COVID-19 pandemic and present pathways for comprehensive community reparation. We employed action research as a strategy for dialogic interaction with the subjects of the territories and the construction of emancipatory experiences in the struggle for health, the environment, and sustainable development. We presented a general outlook on the social determination of the health of small-scale fishing communities and the promotion of community-institutional dialogues. The results reinforce the need for environmental health studies that combine academic knowledge with the wisdom of water peoples in the pursuit of truth, justice, and reparation. To do so, it is necessary to unveil environmental injustice, racism, and conflicts, engaging in dialogue about the development model and neo-extractivism in society as essential challenges and opportunities for promoting Healthy and Sustainable Territories. theoreticalmethodological theoretical methodological COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 reparation environment smallscale small scale communityinstitutional institutional dialogues truth justice so injustice racism conflicts neoextractivism neo extractivism Territories COVID1 1 COVID-

BACKGROUND: Despite inpatient rehabilitation many stroke survivors struggle with community reintegration on returning home. The environment to which the stroke survivor returns affects and may limit participation in home and community-based activities. AIM: To describe stroke survivors' lived experiences of the environmental barriers and facilitators to community reintegration in an under resourced urban metropolitan sub-district in the Western Cape, South Africa. METHODS: A descriptive, qualitative study design with a phenomenological emphasis used semi-structured interviews to collect the data from purposefully selected stroke survivors who had been discharged for more than one year following inpatient rehabilitation. Supporting data were collected from interviews with two occupational therapists providing rehabilitation services to the stroke survivors. Deductive priori coding of semi-structured interviews with 11 stroke survivors, based on the environment subsystems described in the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model explored the barriers and facilitators to their community reintegration. FINDINGS: Of the six environmental sub systems in the PEOP model the systems and policy, access to information and health education, social determinants of health in the form of poor rehabilitation planning and loss of income as well as the built and natural environment presented the greatest barriers to the stroke survivor participants' community reintegration. However, reintegration was facilitated by social support and social capital, social determinants of health in the form of support groups as well as assistive technologies. CONCLUSION: Community reintegration continues to be a challenge for stroke survivors in an under-resourced urban sub-district due to environmental barriers associated with factors such as poor social support, inadequate implementation of policies and systems, poor compliance with home programmes, low socioeconomic status, poor access within the built and natural environment and inappropriate assistive devices. Several facilitators that occupational therapists can focus on to enable community reintegration included ensuring effective social support, access to community-based organisations, the introduction of home visits and provision of appropriate assistive devices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE All stroke survivors must receive a comprehensive discharge plan to facilitate adequate access to continued rehabilitation and support for successful community reintegration. • There must be a specific referral to primary health care rehabilitation services on discharge from hospital. • Occupational therapists at community level have the responsibility to: o advocate for, or assist stroke survivors to self-advocate, the removal of inter-sectoral environmental barriers that limit their community reintegration and community participation, o where possible provide services in the home and involve midlevel workers when conducting home visits to enable successful reintegration into the home and resumption of occupational roles where possible, o look to other resources in their community that can assist in facilitating the community reintegration of stroke survivors to enable access to health, education, productive activities, and social and leisure participation opportunities, o improve their collaboration with the communities that they service.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de los determinantes sociales de la salud en la resistencia antibiótica, en los países de América Latina. Metodología: Estudio documental de tipo revisión sistemática, con análisis interpretativo de la información, se incluyeron a artículos publicados entre 2018 y 2023 de las bases de datos: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Dialnet, Google académico, BVS, LilaCs, Scielo, Epistemonikos, CUIDEN, TripDatabase, BASE Search, Jurn, WorldWideScience, Refseek, Redalyc, EbscoHost y CONRICYT; en los idiomas español, inglés y portugués, que tuvieran como población comunidades y países de América Latina; se excluyeron aquellos con enfoque veterinario o agropecuario. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 4,625 en la búsqueda inicial y posterior a la aplicación de criterios de selección, se analizaron 28 artículos analizó la calidad metodológica, la bibliometría y el análisis temático a través de la interpretación de la información contenida. Conclusión: Los determinantes sociales de la salud estructurales asociados con la resistencia antimicrobiana fueron las políticas públicas, el género, los factores macroeconómicos, el nivel socioeconómico familiar, educativo y la gobernanza.

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the influence of social determinants of health on antibiotic resistance in Latin American countries. Methodology: Systematic review type documentary study with interpretive analysis of the information, articles published between 2018 and 2023 from the following databases were included: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Dialnet, Google scholar, BVS, LilaCs, SciELO, Epistemonikos, CUIDEN, TripDatabase, BASE Search, Jurn, WorldWideScience, Refseek, Redalyc, EbscoHost and CONRICYT; in the Spanish, English and Portuguese languages, which had Latin American communities and countries as their population; Those with a veterinary or agricultural focus were excluded. Results: 4,625 were obtained in the initial search and after the application of selection criteria, 28 articles were analyzed that analyzed the methodological quality, bibliometrics and thematic analysis through the interpretation of the information contained. Conclusion: The social determinants of structural health associated with antimicrobial resistance were public policies, gender, macroeconomic factors, family socioeconomic level, education, and governance.

ABSTRACT Social determinants of health are non-medical factors that have a significant impact on the health of populations. These determinants, ranging from socioeconomic conditions to the physical and social environment, influence access to health care and health outcomes. In this academic text, the theory of social determinants of health, furthermore, the importance of the concept of health equity is highlighted, differentiating it from equality, and the reflection on the positive transition from a biomedical paradigm to one with a holistic approach. Finally, the need to carry out studies of territorial relevance to promote better health in local communities is argued.

RESUMEN Los determinantes sociales de la salud son factores no médicos que tiene un impacto significativo en la salud de las poblaciones. Estos determinantes, que abarcan desde condiciones socioeconómicas hasta el entorno físico y social, influyen en el acceso a la atención médica y en los resultados de salud. En este texto académico, se explora la teoría de los determinantes sociales de la salud, además, se subraya la importancia del concepto de equidad en salud, diferenciándolo de la igualdad, y la reflexión sobre el positivo tránsito de un paradigma biomédico a uno de enfoque holístico. Finalmente, se argumenta la necesidad de realizar estudios de pertinencia territorial para promover una mejor salud en las comunidades locales.