Abstract This investigation uses the method of decision analysis to analyze the positioning of the Sergipe Court of Justice, between 2020 and 2022, about the refusal of companies that offer transportation service via app to effect or cancel to remain in their registry with drivers who respond to criminal proceedings without final and unappealable decisions. The analysis of the decisions is based on some strategic theoretical frameworks, as based on the concepts of sacrificial citizenship and the economization of law, neoliberalism as a rationality and a deep process, and capitalism as surveillance. As a result, it was identified that the TJSE prioritized the contractual autonomy, the freedom to guide objective safety criteria, the misalignment of drivers with the Term and Conditions for use over the principles of the presumption of innocence and the social function of the contract. To problematize this scenario, the article also questions about the (un)protection of workers' personal data by app, the lack of transparency in the use of new technologies to collect data regarding ongoing criminal cases as a way to reiterate old social or labor exclusions. Finally, it concludes on the approximation of the grounds handled by the Sergipe Court of Justice with the new economic demands of neoliberal management, such as the reduction of the constitutional pact in favor of corporate autonomy, both on the disposability of subjects and on the irregular capture of their personal data. 202 2022 frameworks law process surveillance result autonomy criteria contract scenario unprotection un protection workers exclusions Finally management 20 2

Resumo Esta investigação utiliza o método de análises de decisões para examinar o posicionamento do Tribunal de Justiça de Sergipe, entre 2020 e 2022, sobre a recusa das empresas que oferecem o serviço de transporte via aplicativo de efetivar ou de permanecer em seu cadastro com motoristas que respondem a processos criminais sem decisões transitadas em julgado. A análise das decisões parte de alguns marcos teóricos estratégicos, como o conceito de cidadania sacrificial e da economicização do direito, do neoliberalismo enquanto uma racionalidade e um processo profundo, do capitalismo como vigilância. Como resultado, identificou-se que o TJSE priorizou a autonomia contratual, a liberdade para pautar critérios objetivos de segurança, o desalinhamento dos motoristas com o Termo e as Condições para uso em detrimento dos princípios da presunção de inocência e da função social do contrato. Para problematizar este cenário o artigo ainda questiona sobre a (des)proteção dos dados pessoais dos trabalhadores por aplicativo, a falta de transparência na utilização de novas tecnologias para coletar dados referentes a processos criminais em andamento como forma de reiterar velhas exclusões sociais ou laborais. Por fim, conclui-se sobre a aproximação dos fundamentos manejados pelo Tribunal de Justiça de Sergipe com as novas exigências econômicas da gestão neoliberal, tal como a redução do pacto constitucional em benefício da autonomia empresarial, tanto sobre a descartabilidade dos sujeitos, como sobre a captação irregular de seus dados pessoais. 202 2022 julgado estratégicos direito profundo vigilância resultado identificouse identificou se contratual segurança contrato desproteção des proteção laborais fim concluise conclui neoliberal empresarial sujeitos 20 2

RESUMEN Este objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la calidad de vida de los trabajos precarios de cantera y ladrillo del municipio de San Luis Potosí y minería artesanal de mercurio en Camargo, Querétaro. Se realizó trabajo de campo y observación no participativa. Durante el periodo de investigación de campo en 2019-2020 se aplicó un cuestionario a un total de 118 trabajadores. Los datos fueron organizados y tratados con el programa Excel (versión Microsoft Office 365) y analizados dentro del marco de los enfoques de la antropología ambiental y de la vida cotidiana. En ambos contextos, se encontró que los trabajadores presentan un nivel alto de marginación, enfermedades crónicas, inactividad física, consumo de alcohol y tabaco, además de que no cuentan con equipo de protección, de acuerdo con la ocupación, tienen diferentes riesgos laborales. Además, no cuentan con contrato laboral. Aunado a ello, la familia participa en las labores. Los escenarios de precariedad laboral identificados presentaron algunas comorbilidades crónico-degenerativas diagnosticadas, nulo equipo de protección para realizar sus actividades, riesgos laborales y poco acceso a servicios de salud. Por lo tanto, requieren de esfuerzos y abordajes multidisciplinarios que permitan evaluar, atender y visibilizar sus condiciones con la finalidad de prevenir, intervenir y transformar la precariedad laboral en trabajo decente. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26 (1), 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e072

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to compare the quality of life of precarious quarry and brick-kiln workers in the municipality of San Luis Potosí and artisanal mercury mining in Camargo, Querétaro. Field work and non-participatory observation were carried out. During the field research period in 2019-2020, a questionnaire was applied to a total of 118 workers. The data were organized and processed with the Excel program (Microsoft Office 365) and analyzed within the framework of environmental anthropology and everyday-life approaches. In both contexts, it was found that the workers present a high level of marginalization, chronic diseases, physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, in addition to the lack of protective equipment. According to the activity performed, they suffer from different occupational hazards. Furthermore, they are not employed under a labor contract, and their families also participate in the work. The identified situations of occupational precariousness presented various diagnosed chronic degenerative comorbidities, lack of protective equipment to perform their activities, occupational hazards and little access to health services. Therefore, multidisciplinary efforts and approaches are required to assess, address and draw attention to their conditions, in order to prevent, intervene and transform labor precariousness into decent work. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26 (1), 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e072

RESUMEN Experimentar ansiedad frente a exámenes desencadena una respuesta emocional acompañada de cambios fisiológicos que el estudiante siente ante una situación percibida como amenazante, específicamente ante una evaluación, examen escrito u oral; actualmente, se la cataloga dentro de las fobias específicas. El individuo que busca evitar o eludir dicho escenario cae en la conducta de procrastinación. Esto afecta su rendimiento académico y acarrea consecuencias graves de salud mental, el estudiante comienza a percibirse afectado en su autovalia, autoestima y en su ambiente social, que muchas veces lo lleva a contraer trastorno depresivo e ideación suicida. El presente artículo es un estudio de revisión bibliográfica y su objetivo fue describir la experiencia de la. ansiedad frente a exámenes como fobia específica situacional, las consecuencias de dicho padecimiento, su comorbilidad con otros trastornos psicológicos y los tratamientos disponibles. Fueron analizados y comparados unos 26 artículos científicos, basados en ensayos controlados de manera aleatoria, otros son estudios controlados de caso único, publicados en importantes revistas electrónicas de impacto. La búsqueda se realizó utilizando las palabras clave. Como conclusión, se destacó la importancia del conocimiento de esta patología, a fin de realizar un diagnóstico precoz y prevención en psicoterapia, evitando así un mayor deterioro en la salud mental de los estudiantes. No obstante, es necesaria la realización de más investigación controlada al respecto.

ABSTRACT Experiencing test anxiety triggers an emotional response accompanied by physiological changes that the student feels in a situation perceived as threatening, specifically in the face of an evaluation, written or oral exam; Currently, it is classified as a specific phobia. The individual who seeks to avoid or avoid this scenario falls into procrastination behavior. This affects their academic performance and has serious mental health consequences. The student begins to feel affected in his or her self-worth, self-esteem, and social environment, which often leads him or her to contract a depressive disorder and suicidal ideation. This article is a bibliographic review study regarding experiencing test anxiety as a situational specific phobia, the consequences of said condition, its comorbidity with other psychological disorders and the available treatments. Some 26 scientific articles were analyzed and compared, based on randomized controlled trials, others are controlled single case studies, published in important impact electronic journals. The search was carried out using keywords. In conclusion, the importance of knowledge of this pathology was highlighted, in order to make an early diagnosis and prevention in psychotherapy, thus avoiding further deterioration in the mental health of students. However, more controlled research is needed in this regard.

resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar determinantes sociales en salud, problemas y síntomas mentales potencialmente problemáticos en adultos desplazados por conflicto armado interno en Colombia, asentados en Soacha. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con tamaño muestral de 98 adultos desplazados por conflicto armado. Se aplicó el SelfReport Questionnaire para detección de problemas y síntomas mentales potencialmente problemáticos y un cuestionario estructurado sobre determinantes sociales en salud. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 38 [intervalo intercuartílico, 28-46] años y predominaron las mujeres (69,39%). La mediana de tiempo desde que fueron desplazados fue 36 [16-48] meses y asentados en Soacha, 24 [5-48] meses. El 86,32% sobrevivía con menos de un salario mínimo mensual y el 93,87% no tenía contrato laboral. Un 42,86% y un 7,14% manifestaron ser propietarios de las viviendas que habitaban antes y después del desplazamiento respectivamente. Al llegar a Soacha, el 79,60% acudió a redes primarias y el 3%, a instituciones. El 16,33% carecían de aseguramiento en salud antes del desplazamiento y el 27,55%, después. Resultaron positivos en problemas mentales por posible trastorno depresivo o ansioso el 57,29%; en posible psicosis, el 36,73% y en síntomas potencialmente problemáticos, el 91,66%, más prevalentes y graves en mujeres (p = 0,0025). Conclusiones: Se identificaron en la población adulta desplazada y asentada en Soacha deterioro en condiciones de vida y una prevalencia de problemas y síntomas mentales potencialmente problemáticos mayor que la reportada en desplazados ubicados en otras regiones del país. Se requiere análisis con perspectivas complementarias para evaluar estas diferencias.

abstract Objective: To characterise social determinants of health, mental health problems and potentially problematic symptoms in the adult population displaced by internal armed conflict in Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a random sample of 98 adults forcefully displaced to Soacha, Colombia, due to internal armed conflict. The Self Report Questionnaire to detect potentially problematic mental health problems and symptoms, and a structured questionnaire on social determinants of health were applied. Results: The median age was 38 [interquartile range, 28-46] years, and women predominated (69.39%). The median time since displacement was 36 [16-48] months, and time since settlement in Soacha, 48 [5-48] months. 86.32% survived on less than the minimum wage per month and 93.87% did not have an employment contract. 42.86% and 7.14% reported being owners of their homes before and after displacement, respectively. Upon arriving in Soacha, 79.60% went to primary support networks and 3% to institutions. Before displacement, 16.33% lacked health insurance and 27.55% afterwards. Regarding mental health problems; there were possible depressive or anxious disorders in 57.29%; possible psycho-sis in 36.73%; and potentially problematic symptoms in 91.66%, being more prevalent and serious in women (P =0.0025). Conclusions: A deterioration in living conditions and a higher prevalence of potentially problematic mental health problems and symptoms was reported in displaced adult populations settled in Soacha compared to other regions of the country. Analyses with complementary perspectives are required to evaluate these differences.

Resumo O objetivo do presente artigo é contribuir com o estudo a respeito da trajetória intelectual de James M. Buchanan. O artigo argumenta que a tradição italiana de finanças públicas foi um importante canal de transmissão das ideias da economia política clássica e da filosofia do contrato social para Buchanan, temas que ele considera essenciais para a formação da economia constitucional. Isso é relevante para a melhor compreensão da trajetória de Buchanan na medida em que a importância da tradição italiana para a formação da economia constitucional é frequentemente subestimada pela literatura. M literatura

Abstract The objective of this article is to contribute to the study of the intellectual trajectory of James M. Buchanan. The article argues that the Italian tradition of public finance was an important channel for the transmission of ideas from classical political economy and the philosophy of the social contract to Buchanan, themes he considers essential for the formation of constitutional economics. This is relevant for a deeper understanding of Buchanan’s trajectory as the importance of the Italian tradition for the formation of constitutional economics is often underestimated in the literature. M Buchanan Buchanans s literature

Abstract Purpose: This article analyzes the influence of switching costs and resource dependence on interorganizational cooperation between contractors (buyers) and transport companies (sellers). Originality/value: The management accounting literature has traditionally focused on intraorganizational controls. However, researchers have a growing interest in applying management accounting elements in the interorganizational scope. This study contributes to the literature on interorganizational relationships by presenting possible evidence of the relationship between resource dependence, switching costs, and interorganizational cooperation between contractors and transport companies. Design/methodology/approach: This quantitative study surveyed the perception of professionals from food and beverage sector companies about the transport companies they contract. A total of 120 professionals participated in the study, and the Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the structural model. Findings: The relational and procedural dimensions of switching costs and resource dependence influence interorganizational cooperation positively. A total mediation of resource dependence was found in the relationship between procedural switching costs and interorganiza-tional cooperation. The results showed that switching costs and resource dependence are antecedents of interorganizational cooperation between the firms surveyed and the transport companies they contract. As for social and managerial implications, this study offers managers a deeper understanding of the importance of switching costs and resource dependence and the impacts of these factors on interorganizational cooperation. Purpose buyers (buyers sellers. sellers . (sellers) Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value controls However scope Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach contract 12 SEM (SEM model Findings positively interorganiza tional implications (sellers 1

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a influência dos custos de troca e da dependência de recursos na cooperação interorganizacional entre compradores e seus fornecedores de serviços de transporte. Originalidade/valor: A literatura de contabilidade gerencial tradicionalmente tem focado no uso de controles intraorganizacionais, porém é crescente o interesse de pesquisadores em aplicar elementos da contabilidade gerencial no âmbito interorganizacional. Nesse contexto, este estudo acrescenta à literatura de relações interorganizacionais possíveis evidências da relação entre dependência de recursos, custos de troca e cooperação interorganizacional entre compradores e seus fornecedores de serviços de transporte. Design/metodologia/abordagem: A investigação, com abordagem quantitativa e por survey, avaliou a percepção de profissionais de empresas do setor de alimentos e bebidas acerca de seus fornecedores de serviços de transporte. Participaram do estudo 120 profissionais, e, para a análise do modelo estrutural, utilizou-se a técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE). Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que as dimensões relacional e processual dos custos de troca e a dependência de recursos influenciam positivamente a cooperação interorganizacional. Encontrou-se, ainda, mediação total da dependência de recursos na relação entre custos de troca processual e cooperação interorganizacional. Os resultados evidenciam que custos de troca e dependência de recursos são antecedentes da cooperação interorganizacional entre as empresas pesquisadas e seus fornecedores de serviços de transporte. Como implicações sociais e gerenciais, os resultados desta investigação proporcionam a gestores de logística e transportes, tanto das empresas compradoras quanto das fornecedoras, melhor entendimento da importância dos custos de troca e da dependência de recursos e seus impactos na cooperação interorganizacional. Objetivo transporte Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor intraorganizacionais contexto Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia survey 12 estrutural utilizouse utilizou se MEE. MEE . (MEE) Resultados Encontrouse, Encontrouse Encontrou se, Encontrou-se ainda gerenciais transportes fornecedoras 1 (MEE

Resumo A efetivação do desenvolvimento sustentável abre espaço para discussões éticas, econômicas, sociais e ambientais. Diante da significativa degeneração ambiental e dos graves problemas de exclusão social, faz-se necessário reconfigurar a relação entre o ser humano e a natureza. A partir dos estudos de Lévinas sobre a ética, a pesquisa aborda o reconhecimento do outro humano e do outro natureza como premissa para a construção de um contrato natural em que o Eu homem se reconheça como parte do meio ambiente, e não apenas seu dominador. O estudo busca demonstrar que é possível responder à necessidade de reconfiguração da relação entre indivíduo e meio ambiente. As condutas em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável não têm atendido ao reconhecimento e à consideração da biota em sua integralidade e importância. Utilizaram-se o método dedutivo crítico e a pesquisa bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que será possível atender às premissas da sustentabilidade, com o reconhecimento do meio ambiente como um Outro relevante sob a ótica da alteridade. éticas econômicas ambientais social fazse faz ética dominador importância Utilizaramse Utilizaram bibliográfica Concluiuse Concluiu sustentabilidade alteridade

Abstract The realization of sustainable development opens space for ethical, economic, social, and environmental discussions. Significant environmental degeneration and serious problems of social exclusion require the reconfiguration of the relation between State, market, and nature. Based on Lévinas’ studies on ethics, this research addresses the recognition of the human Other and the nature Other as a premise for constructing a natural contract that deems the human Ego as part of the environment, rather than just its dominator. This study aims to show that it is possible to respond to the need to reconfigure the relationship between the State, society, nature, and the market. Conduct for sustainable development are yet to recognize and consider the biota in its entirety and importance. The critical deductive method and bibliographic research were used. It was concluded that it will be possible to meet the premises of sustainability and recognize the environment as a relevant Other from the perspective of alterity. ethical economic discussions State market Lévinas ethics dominator society importance used alterity

Resumen La implementación del desarrollo sostenible propicia el debate para discusiones éticas, económicas, sociales y ambientales. Ante la significativa degradación ambiental y los graves problemas de exclusión social, es necesario reconfigurar la relación entre el ser humano y la naturaleza. Basándose en los estudios de Lévinas sobre la ética, la investigación aborda el reconocimiento del otro humano y del otro naturaleza como premisa para la construcción de un contrato natural en el que el Yo hombre se reconozca como parte del medio ambiente, y no solo su dominador. El estudio busca demostrar que es posible responder a la necesidad de reconfiguración de la relación entre el individuo y el medio ambiente. Las conductas a favor del desarrollo sostenible no han atendido al reconocimiento y consideración de la biota en su integridad e importancia. Se utilizaron el método deductivo crítico y la investigación bibliográfica. Se concluyó que será posible cumplir con las premisas de la sostenibilidad, con el reconocimiento del medio ambiente como un Otro relevante desde la perspectiva de la alteridad. éticas económicas ambientales social ética dominador importancia bibliográfica sostenibilidad alteridad

Purpose This paper aims to investigate delegation decisions in supply chains, exploring the metaphor that consumers who make environmentally and socially responsible choices are equivalent to voters in an election. Design/methodology/approach This theoretical paper relies on the principles of agency theory to shed light on fundamental challenges that shape our ability to transform supply chains. Findings This paper unravels two puzzles linked to delegation decisions within sustainable supply chains. It shows that as firms adopt sustainable production systems, their ability to convey relevant information that convinces consumers to enter in a delegation relationship diminishes, ceteris paribus; and once a delegation relationship is established, complementarity within the dimensions of the contract is necessary to guarantee the delivery of sustainability attributes. Research limitations/implications The findings of this paper offer insights that can inspire empirical research on sustainable supply chain management. Practical implications Policymakers and entrepreneurs willing to incentivize the transformation of supply chains must think about the nature of the relationship between firms and consumers. This paper provides a metaphor that can help practitioners to reinterpret their role as providers or consumers of products and services with sustainability attributes. Social implications This paper provides insights that may enhance the understanding of how individual consumption decisions may contribute to transforming supply chains. Originality/value This paper expands the repertoire of theoretical tools that can be applied to study the emergence and resilience of sustainable supply chains. election Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach systems diminishes paribus established attributes limitationsimplications limitations management Originalityvalue Originality value

ABSTRACT The social contract tradition’s promise of facilitating just interaction among large groups of strangers remains as salient as ever. Kant in particular recognised that economic activity imposes costs on large and unspecifiable groups of people who cannot be asked in advance for their consent; he concluded that in order to engage in economic activity while dealing ethically with everyone, we require the state and the rule of law to set out the norms under which we can engage in other-affecting activity like commerce. In response to the challenge of coordinating the welter of anonymous interactions that modern economic life consists in, contract theory offers the social conventions of money and law. However imperfectly these conventions operate in practice, people rely on them to orient themselves in the world. Carbon taxes have been touted by economists for decades as the most efficient way to send appropriate signals to people about their emissions behavior. The widely underappreciated fact that most fuel for international air travel remains untaxed—and is thus effectively subsidized relative to the rest of the economy—provides an especially vivid illustration of the necessity for appropriate social conventions to provide the conditions under which economic activity can be undertaken with less injustice. In this paper, I explain why people seeking to flourish together fairly in the imperfect world we share today ought to support a universal carbon tax with no exception for international aviation. The argument proceeds in four steps. First, I provide a free-standing analysis of emissions behavior at the individual moral level. Second, I offer a picture of ideal and non-ideal coordination based mostly on Kantian social contract theory. Third, I argue that in a non-ideal context, moral signals about right relation offer a coordinating fulcrum around which meaningful if only partly coordinated action is possible. Fourth, I apply these conclusions to the case of aviation exceptionalism, focusing especially on instances of incomplete, overlapping, partly coordinated climate actions. I conclude that these arguments together amount to a case for reversing the Chicago Convention and applying a universal carbon tax that does not exclude international flights, ending aviation exceptionalism.

RESUMEN La promesa de la tradición del contrato social de facilitar una interacción justa entre grandes grupos de desconocidos sigue siendo tan relevante como siempre. Kant, en particular, reconoció que la actividad económica impone costos a grandes y no especificables grupos de personas a quienes no se les puede pedir su consentimiento por adelantado; concluyó que para participar en la actividad económica de manera ética con todos, necesitamos el estado y el estado de derecho para establecer las normas bajo las cuales podemos participar en actividades que afectan a otros, como el comercio. En respuesta al desafío de coordinar el conjunto de interacciones anónimas que constituye la vida económica moderna, la teoría del contrato ofrece las convenciones sociales del dinero y la ley. Por más imperfectamente que estas convenciones operen en la práctica, la gente confía en ellas para orientarse en el mundo. Los economistas han promovido durante décadas los impuestos al carbono como la forma más eficiente de enviar señales apropiadas a las personas sobre su comportamiento de emisiones. El hecho ampliamente subestimado de que la mayor parte del combustible para los viajes aéreos internacionales permanece sin gravar—y, por lo tanto, efectivamente subsidiado en relación con el resto de la economía—proporciona una ilustración especialmente vívida de la necesidad de convenciones sociales apropiadas para proporcionar las condiciones bajo las cuales la actividad económica puede llevarse a cabo con menos injusticia.En este artículo, explico por qué las personas que buscan prosperar juntas de manera justa en el mundo imperfecto que compartimos hoy deberían apoyar un impuesto al carbono universal sin excepción para la aviación internacional. El argumento procede en cuatro pasos. Primero, proporciono un análisis independiente del comportamiento de las emisiones a nivel moral individual. Segundo, ofrezco una imagen de coordinación ideal y no ideal basada principalmente en la teoría del contrato social kantiana. Tercero, argumento que en un contexto no ideal, las señales morales sobre la relación correcta ofrecen un punto de apoyo de coordinación alrededor del cual es posible una acción significativa, aunque solo parcialmente coordinada. Cuarto, aplico estas conclusiones al caso del excepcionalismo de la aviación, centrándome especialmente en los casos de acciones climáticas incompletas, superpuestas y parcialmente coordinadas. Concluyo que estos argumentos juntos constituyen un caso para revertir la Convención de Chicago y aplicar un impuesto al carbono universal que no excluya los vuelos internacionales, poniendo fin al excepcionalismo de la aviación.

Many experts have argued in their commentaries on the book of Philemon that Paul courageously used his age and apostolic imprimatur to forge a Christian reconsideration, reconciliation, and restitution of the status and identity of Onesimus with his master, Philemon. Although Paul wanted Onesimus to return to Philemon and be accepted as a brother-in-Christ rather than slave-to-master-in-Christ, it is unclear how Onesimus' and Philemon's new statuses would affect their newly reconciled social, political, and existential relations. If Philemon accepted Onesimus as he would accept Paul, Onesimus would definitely have had a higher status than Philemon, which is logically contradictory to the contract between slaves and their masters at that time and sometimes even in today's Christian world. CONTRIBUTION: The article argued that Paul was not radical enough in the appropriation of his apostolic grace that formed the fulcrum of his appeal to Philemon to receive Onesimus back into an enhanced slave status - this time in Christ. Rather, the article suggests that Paul would have used that leverage to untangle the identity, socio-political, and relational fissures embedded in slavery, which have been used as theological excuse to deal with Africans as slaves, by not returning Onesimus to Philemon in accordance with Deuteronomy 23:15-16.

Abstract This essay examines the book Illegal: Reflexiones de un inmigrante indocumentado (2019), by Jose Ángel Navejas. Through a close reading of this memoir, it proposes that the narrator articulates on the ways undocumented Mexican immigrants create spaces of allyship and belonging. To examine that, this essay draws from Mitchell’s (2020) concept of ‘homemade citizenship,’ which emphasizes that ‘belonging’ does not depend on civic inclusion or state recognition; but rather, belonging is a notion that is built through informal community practices. Hence, this investigation proposes that in Ilegal, the narrator affirms himself and integrates to the community through: 1) language and access to formal education, 2) the neighborhood of Pilsen, in Chicago, and 3) his family network. These informal spaces bestow the narrator with a sense of homemade citizenship.

Resumen Esta investigación examina el libro Ilegal: Reflexiones de un inmigrante indocumentado (2019), de José Ángel Navejas. A raíz de una lectura de este ensayo personal, este ensayo explora las formas en que la voz narrativa describe cómo los inmigrantes mexicanos indocumentados crean espacios de alianza y pertenencia en Estados Unidos. Para eso, esta investigación parte del concepto de ‘ciudadanía casera’ de Mitchell (2020), quien apunta a que el ‘pertenecer’ no depende de la inclusión cívica o el reconocimiento estatal, sino que es una noción que se construye por medio de las prácticas comunitarias informales. Por ende, este trabajo propone que en Ilegal son espacios de ‘ciudadanía casera’ para el narrador: 1) el lenguaje y el acceso a la educación formal; 2) el barrio de Pilsen, en Chicago, y 3) la red familiar, ya que por medio de esas esferas el narrador encuentra un sentido de pertenencia, que va más allá del reconocimiento estatal.

Abstract The investigation offered by these pages focuses on the correspondence produced by applicants for a contract as braceros to influence hiring. The qualitative analysis sheds light on the complex political and social controls of citizenship, but also on the opportunities linked to being a citizen in migration. On an alternative level to that of definitions, norms, and regulations, the way in which individuals appropriated the concept and the rights that accompany this category is of enormous interest for understanding the political order that prevailed during the Bracero Program. Hence, this work inclined towards the description, analysis, and understanding of narratives that interweave the notion of citizenship and patriotism by individuals in migration. The correspondence shows the dialogue of the applicants with the formal structures that were designed for the operation of the program, their negotiation with spaces of power that went beyond the binational agenda, the formation of a political culture that adopted the parameters of the nineteenth-century petition and the client relationship -already observed in the 19th century- was institutionalized for the popular classes by the politics of post-revolutionary modernity.

Resumen La indagación que ofrecen estas páginas repara en la correspondencia que produjeron los aspirantes a un contrato como braceros para incidir en las contrataciones. El análisis cualitativo arroja luz sobre los complejos controles políticos y sociales de la ciudadanía, pero también sobre las oportunidades enlazadas con el ser ciudadano en migración. En un plano alterno al de las definiciones, la normatividad y las regulaciones, la forma como los individuos se apropiaron del concepto y los derechos que acompañan esta categoría es de enorme interés para la comprensión del orden político que prevaleció durante el Programa Bracero. De aquí que este trabajo se incline por la descripción, análisis y compresión de narraciones que entretejen la noción de ciudadanía y patriotismo por parte de individuos en migración. La correspondencia muestra el diálogo de los aspirantes con las estructuras formales que se diseñaron para la operación del programa, su negociación con espacios de poder que fueron más allá de la agenda binacional, la formación de una cultura política que adoptó los parámetros de la petición decimonónica y la relación clientelar que -ya observada en el siglo XIX- se institucionalizó para las clases populares por la política de la modernidad posrevolucionaria.

Delação and colaboração premiada are terms used to describe legal practices which, although they are understood to be identical, have significant differences. The aim of the research on which this paper is based was to understand the genesis of these practices and the logic of the distinction between them, considering them as the result of social disputes mediated by professionals with unequal technical and social skills. It also sought to understand the objective meaning of the transformations of Brazilian criminal justice in neoliberal contemporaneity. The research originates in the characterization of the practices through the documentary examination of the criminal cases in which they were employed between 1990 and 2021, then analyzed from the point of view of the strategies of professional mobility and social legitimation of their practitioners in the face of the contemporary challenges of criminal justice. It was identified that the practices are part of efforts to modernize criminal justice based on internationally recognized best practice systems. It was found that the practice of colaboração premiada is structured as a private contract between equal parties and regulated by the principle of legal certainty. The practice of delação premiada, on the other hand, is structured by the asymmetry of power between the parties in the criminal process and regulated by the principle of uncertainty. It was concluded that the logic of differentiation between the practices corresponds to the logic of social distinction between their respective objects: economic elites and small-time drug dealers, as well as to the logic of professional distinction between their respective subjects: the groups of agents specialized in economic crimes and the vast contingent of agents who routinely carry out most of the work of criminal repression.

A delação e a colaboração premiada são termos utilizados para descrever práticas jurídicas que, embora sejam entendidas como idênticas, apresentam diferenças significativas. O objetivo da pesquisa em que esta comunicação é baseada foi compreender a gênese dessas práticas e a lógica da distinção entre elas, considerando-as como resultado de disputas sociais mediadas por profissionais com competências técnicas e sociais desiguais. Procurou-se também compreender o sentido objetivo das transformações da justiça penal brasileira na contemporaneidade neoliberal. A investigação origina-se na caracterização das práticas por meio do exame documental dos processos penais em que foram empregadas entre 1990 e 2021, então analisada a partir das estratégias de mobilidade profissional e legitimação social de seus praticantes diante dos desafios contemporâneos da justiça penal. Identificou-se que as práticas integram esforços de modernização da justiça penal com base em sistemas de best practices internacionalmente consagrados. Constatou-se que a prática da colaboração premiada é estruturada como um contrato privado entre partes iguais e regulada pelo princípio da segurança jurídica. Já a prática da delação premiada é estruturada pela assimetria de poder entre as partes do processo penal e regulada pelo princípio da incerteza. Concluiu-se que a lógica de diferenciação entre as práticas é correspondente à lógica da distinção social entre os seus respectivos objetos: elites econômicas e pequenos traficantes, bem como à lógica da distinção profissional entre os seus respectivos sujeitos: os grupos de agentes especializados em crimes econômicos e o vasto contingente de agentes que executam rotineiramente a maior parte do trabalho de repressão penal.

RESUMEN Siendo el parasitismo intestinal uno de los mayores problemas sociales, fue de sumo interés elaborar este artículo sobre cómo repercute la desnutrición con el parasitismo intestinal de Chilomastix Mesnili en niños, el cual se puede manifestar como una evasiva parasitaria, que ocurren especialmente en la parte intestinal del abdomen, consumiendo los tejidos sanos de nuestro organismo. Identificar la desnutrición y su relación con parasitismo intestinal de Chilomastix Mesnili en niños. Se realizó una investigación documental, se dieron a conocer criterios de autores y resultados de investigaciones disponibles en artículos existente como Scielo, Pagina Institucionales La Organización Mundial De Salud, Revistas Cultura de los Cuidados, Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Se pudo identificar que los niños con parasitismo intestinal de Chilomastix Mesnili, tienen diversos problemas que favorecen a la desnutrición infantil por infestaciones parasitarias intestinales, cuya prevalencia es elevada en numerosos países. La parasitosis intestinal y la desnutrición infantil, tienen una alta prevalencia en los niños y niñas, la mayoría de los resultados según análisis de estudios realizados, han comprobado que a nivel mundial estas dos entidades clínicas muestran una relación importante, entre estas patologías infantiles y no es exclusividad de ningún grupo etario ni clase social, lo que existen son grupos de mayor riesgo o susceptibilidad de padecer este tipo de infestación como son los niños, en especial aquellos que viven en zonas rurales y por lo tanto se desarrollan en condiciones higiénico-sanitarias y educativas deficientes, teniendo como consecuencia un impacto negativo en su estado general de salud.

ABSTRACT Malnutrition and its relationship with the intestinal parasitism of Chilomastix Mesnili in children can be manifested as a parasitic evasion, especially of the cells of our body, they occur especially in the intestinal part of the abdomen, it also has an expansibility of consuming the healthy tissues that are found near or turn to the distance. The Objective, to determine malnutrition and its relationship with intestinal parasitism of Chilomastix Mesnili in children. Documentary research was carried out, authors' criteria and research results available in all the bibliographies in articles existing in the database such as Scielo, other media consulted Institutional Pages The World Health Organization, Cultural Magazines of the Care, Pan American Health Organization. It was possible to determine that patients with intestinal parasitism of Chilomastix Mesnili in children have various problems of malnutrition since by consuming contaminated food they contract various parasitic pathologies. In this report the application was important, in addition to a good prevention, where it allows us to easily enrich an optimal attention, care and service to the patient for intestinal parasitism due to Chilomastix Mesnili, the nursing care satisfies at the same time the needs in the patient, taking into account the psychological aspects, always in mind on the part of the health personnel to support them and face the consequences of the process.

Resumen El diseño y la construcción de las vías de transporte en Costa Rica durante el siglo XIX, se hizo, fundamentalmente, para las agroexportaciones. De esta forma, las líneas férreas hacia el Pacífico y el Caribe, cumplieron el objetivo de comunicar las zonas productoras de café (inicialmente en el Valle Central) y, posteriormente, de banano (en el Caribe costarricense), con los principales puertos del país. De forma secundaria, desde el punto de vista de la planificación, se integra el tema del transporte de pasajeros. Y si bien, en el Ferrocarril al Atlántico se trató de renegociar este asunto, en el contrato con la compañía estaba estipulado que estos debían brindar el transporte de pasajeros. El presente artículo analiza algunos de los accidentes ferroviarios ocurridos entre 1920 y 1940. Esto porque después de la construcción del ferrocarril, hubo una serie de cambios en la ubicación de las vías, en función del abandono de terrenos debido a las plagas y posiblemente, a los movimientos sociales. La mayoría de los casos que se abordan, son de pasajeros del tren o de peatones que fueron golpeados o atropellados por la máquina, pues el objetivo de este trabajo radica en explicar algunos factores humanos y socioculturales, involucrados en la participación en los accidentes ferroviarios, desde la casuística.

Abstract The design and construction of transport routes in Costa Rica during the 19th century was mainly for agro-exports. In this way, the railways to the Pacific and the Caribbean met the objective of communicating coffee-producing areas (initially in the Central Valley) and, later, bananas (in the Costa Rican Caribbean), with the main ports of the country. Secondly, from the planning point of view, the issue of passenger transport is integrated. And while the Atlantic Railroad tried to renegotiate this matter, the contract with the company stipulated that they should provide passenger transport. This article analyzes some of the railway accidents that occurred between 1920 and 1940. This is because after the construction of the railway, there were a number of changes in the location of the tracks, depending on the abandonment of land due to plagues and possibly social movements. Most of the cases that are addressed, are of passengers of the train or of pedestrians that were beaten or run over by the machine, because the objective of this work lies in explaining some human and sociocultural factors, involved in the participation in railway accidents, from the casuistry.