RESUMEN La empleabilidad es un proceso complejo, caracterizado en los últimos años por disímiles requerimientos, por lo que representa un reto para los graduados de las universidades, debido a la exigencia de competencias profesionales y sociales que demanda el mercado. Dada la preocupación existente, para garantizar de forma eficaz el proceso de empleo de los graduados de las carreras de turismo en las Universidades de Santiago de los Caballeros, de la República Dominicana, se realizó un diagnóstico que permitió la identificación de los factores que inciden en el proceso.

ABSTRACT Employability is a complex process, characterized in recent years by dissimilar requirements, which represents a challenge for university graduates, due to the demand for professional and social competencies demanded by the market. Given the existing concern to effectively guarantee the employment process of the graduates of the tourism careers in the Universities of Santiago de los Caballeros, in the Dominican Republic, a diagnosis was carried out to identify the factors that affect the process.

Resumo: Objetivo: determinar habilidades e conhecimentos sobre as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) dos calouros no curso de bacharelado em enfermagem em uma instituição pública de ensino superior na cidade de Bahía Blanca, província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Metodologia: estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. Foi utilizado um instrumento composto por 59 perguntas com opções de resposta fechada para avaliar as competências digitais dos calouros do curso. Resultados: Participaram 386 estudantes, em sua maioria do gênero feminino (85,49 %), do primeiro ciclo estudantil (74,35 %) e com idade igual ou inferior a 20 anos (47,15 %). 98,19 % tinham acesso à internet, 79,27 % tinham computador e mais de 80 % usavam amplamente as redes sociais (WhatsApp, Instagram) e o e-mail. Os calouros se auto-avaliaram competentes no programa MS Word, enquanto no MS Excel se declararam menos competentes. Há desconhecimento e baixo desenvolvimento de habilidades para gerar conteúdo e uma ampla demonstração de habilidades para pesquisar e baixar informações da web. A idade, o gênero, o tempo diário de uso da Internet e o ciclo de ingresso estudantil mostraram relação com o domínio das ferramentas digitais aplicadas à educação. Conclusões: Foi identificado um desenvolvimento intermediário de competências digitais aplicadas à educação, o que poderia demandar a concepção de programas que nivelem essas competências durante o processo de admissão ou durante a formação.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the skills and knowledge about information and communication technologies (ICT) of entrants to the Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing at a public higher institution in Bahía Blanca, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, transversal and quantitative study. An instrument was implemented consisting of 59 questions with closed response options aimed at assessing digital competencies in those entering the career. Results: 386 entrants participated, mostly female (85.49 %), from the first cycle (74.35 %) and 20 years old or younger (47.15%). 98.19 % had access to the internet, 79.27 % have a computer and more than 80 % have extensive use of social networks (WhatsApp, Instagram) and email. The entrants evaluated themselves as competent in the MS Word program, while in MS Excel they declared themselves less competent. There is a lack of knowledge and low development of skills to generate content and a wide range of skills to search and download information from the web. Age, gender, daily time of Internet use and entry cycle showed a relationship with the mastery of digital tools applied to education. Conclusions: An intermediate development of digital competencies applied to education was identified, and a high one for the use of social networks. The variables age, gender, daily time of Internet use and entry cycle were related to the knowledge and skills for using ICT applied to education.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar las habilidades y conocimientos sobre las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) de los ingresantes a la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería de una institución superior pública de Bahía Blanca, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo. Se implementó un instrumento conformado por 59 preguntas con opciones de respuesta cerrada orientado a valorar las competencias digitales en los ingresantes a la carrera. Resultados: Participaron 386 ingresantes, mayormente de género femenino (85.49 %), del primer ciclo (74.35 %) y con 20 años o menos de edad (47.15 %). El 98.19 % tenía acceso a internet, el 79.27 % tiene computadora y más del 80 % tiene un amplio uso de redes sociales (WhatsApp, Instagram) y correo electrónico. Los ingresantes se autoevaluaron competentes en el programa MS Word, mientras que en MS Excel se declararon menos competentes. Hay desconocimiento y bajo desarrollo de habilidades para generar contenido, y un amplio despliegue de habilidades para buscar y descargar información de la web. La edad, el género, el tiempo diario de uso de internet y el ciclo de ingreso mostraron relación con el dominio de las herramientas digitales aplicadas a la educación. Conclusiones: Se identificó un desarrollo intermedio de competencias digitales aplicadas a la educación, lo que podría ameritar el diseño de programas que nivelen estas habilidades durante el proceso de ingreso o durante la formación.

Resumen Introducción: Las competencias socioemocionales en la comunicación cara a cara son herramientas esenciales para el ajuste personal y social desde temprana edad. La comunicación en línea ha adquirido igual importancia, especialmente durante la adolescencia. Si bien se reconoce que sus características requieren habilidades específicas, hay escasez de estudios que analicen la relación existente entre las habilidades socioemocionales generalmente adquiridas y aquellas necesarias para la comunicación en línea. Por tanto, esta investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar cómo las habilidades socioemocionales fuera de línea predicen las competencias en línea entre chicas y chicos de manera diferenciada. Método: Este estudio incluyó a 478 estudiantes de educación secundaria con edades entre los 10 y 14 años. Este es un estudio transversal que utilizó el Path Analysis diferenciado por sexo, con muestreo intencional y no probabilístico. Para evaluar las competencias socioemocionales, se utilizó el instrumento ESCQ-21 para las competencias socioemocionales generales el cuestionario e-COM para cuantificar las competencias socioemocionales en línea. Resultados: El modelo explicativo indica que las competencias socioemocionales se transfieren parcialmente al entorno en línea en ambos sexos, especialmente la Percepción y comprensión emocional. Además, se sugiere que el E-autocontrol de la impulsividad y la E-autonomía emocional requieren un desarrollo específico en ese entorno. Conclusiones: Parece razonable incorporar y mejorar las experiencias en línea fomentando el desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales para este contexto. Se examinan las repercusiones para el ámbito educativo.

Abstract Introduction: Socio-emotional competencies in face-to-face communication are an essential tool for personal and social adjustment from an early age. Online communication has become equally important, especially in adolescence. It is known that its characteristics require specific skills, but there is a lack of studies that analyse the relationship that exists between generally acquired socio-emotional skills and those necessary for online communication. Hence, this research is focused on analysing how offline socio-emotional skills predict these online competencies in girls and boys in a differentiated way. Method: This study included 478 Secondary Education students between 10 and 14 years of age. This is a cross-sectional study that used Path Analysis differentiated by sex, with intentional and non-probabilistic sampling. To assess socio-emotional competencies, we used the ESCQ-21 instrument for generally assessed socio-emotional competencies and the e-COM questionnaire to quantify online socio-emotional competencies. Results: The explanatory model indicates that socio-emotional competencies are partially transferred to the online environment in both sexes, especially Perception and comprehension. Furthermore, it is suggested that E-self-control of impulsiveness and E-emotional autonomy require specific development in that environment. Conclusions: It seems reasonable to include online experiences that encourage development in online spaces. The repercussions for the educational field are analysed.

ABSTRACT In this article, we reflect on the formal process of asylum eligibility in Brazil from a discursive perspective. We aim to underline the performative dimension of the refugee’s production. This label is understood here as dependent on discursive practices - especially narratives -, in which the applicants, officials, and other social actors participate. In these practices, what seems to be at stake are the narrative competencies of the asylum seeker and interviewers in shaping the migration experience into a matrix of intelligibility about human displacement and language functioning. We analyze at least two important aspects of the process: the texts of normative documents and interviews with volunteers who prepare applicants for their eligibility interviews. We then show how linguistic ideologies, especially beliefs about the nature of narrative construction, operate as protagonists of such an institutional process. article perspective refugees refugee s production , officials participate functioning ideologies construction

RESUMO Neste artigo, refletimos, desde uma perspectiva discursiva, sobre o processo formal de elegibilidade de solicitantes de refúgio no Brasil. O objetivo central é sublinhar a dimensão performativa da produção do refugiado, aqui compreendido como um rótulo que depende de práticas discursivas - em especial narrativas -, de que participam os/as solicitantes, oficiais e demais atores sociais que compõem o sistema jurídico e burocrático do refúgio. Nessas práticas, o que parece estar em jogo são as competências narrativas do/a solicitante e entrevistadores/as em conformar a experiência de migração em uma matriz de inteligibilidades sobre o deslocamento humano e sobre o funcionamento da linguagem. A partir da análise de elementos de pelo menos duas importantes pontas do processo - textos de documentos normativos e entrevistas com voluntários que preparam solicitantes para suas entrevistas de elegibilidade -, mostramos como ideologias linguísticas, especialmente crenças sobre a natureza da construção narrativa, operam como protagonistas de tal processo institucional. artigo refletimos discursiva Brasil refugiado , osas os doa entrevistadoresas entrevistadores linguagem linguísticas narrativa institucional

Abstract The study begins by considering the entire national population as citizens, understood initially in legal-constitutional terms (restricted concept), but acknowledging their limited intergenerational access to education and culture-components necessary for an expanded concept of social citizenship. This limitation problematizes their cognitive development at crucial periods, as it conditions certain social practices and decision-making processes inherent to citizenship exercise, which presuppose specific knowledge, capabilities, and competencies. Given this context, the objectives address the explicit effects of knowledge-power relationships by: a) examining the paradox between a restricted concept of citizenship and its presumed equivalence with the full exercise of an expanded, social, and integral citizenship; b) connecting the latter with educational indicators involved in civic exercise and empowerment as key elements for protecting and guaranteeing fundamental rights; and c) analyzing the role of teaching and social sciences in developing critical thinking among students. The study employs a mixed methodology, based on comparative documentary analysis, with both descriptive and explanatory scope, following a non-experimental design. Results indicate low performance in educational training and civic culture, consequently affecting critical thinking development. The main conclusion suggests that this educational-cultural training reality significantly conditions the construction of critical, empowered, active, and participatory citizenship.

Resumen Se parte de considerar a toda la población nacional como ciudadanos, entendidos estos, exclusivamente en términos legales-constitucionales, en su concepto restringido; pero, sin acceso intergeneracional a la educación y a la cultura; ciudadanía en su concepto ampliado, como ciudadanía social. Problematizando que esto impide su desarrollo cognoscitivo en los tiempos pertinentes y necesarios, pues ello condiciona ciertas prácticas sociales y tomas de decisión vinculantes con el ejercicio de la ciudadanía, que presuponen ciertos conocimientos como desarrollo de capacidades y competencias. Dado el problema, se abordan como objetivos explicitar estos efectos de saber-poder: a) que enuncian como premisa universal un concepto restringido de ciudadanía como sinónimo paradojal con el pleno ejercicio de una ciudadanía ampliada, social e integral; b) asimismo, conectando esta última con algunos indicadores educativos intervinientes en su ejercicio y empoderamiento cívico como clave de protección y garantía de los derechos fundamentales; y (c), el lugar de la enseñanza y de las ciencias sociales en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico de y en sus propios educandos. La metodología ha sido con un enfoque mixto, con base en el análisis documental comparativo, de alcance descriptivo y explicativo, con diseño no experimental. Como resultados se muestran los bajos rendimientos en la formación educativa y de la cultura ciudadana, por tanto, del pensamiento crítico. Como conclusiones principales, que esta realidad formativa educativa-cultural, condiciona de manera significativa la construcción de una ciudadanía crítica, empoderada, activa y participativa.

Abstract: The main objective of the present study is to assess the processes and changes on quality of life, social equity, and transformations due to the actions of students with engineering projects and their considerations. The methodology conducted for a period of eight years is based on interviews, observation grids, and field diaries with first, sixth, and tenth semester civil engineering students from three universities. The results show changes in students and monitors for the variables assessed, especially in growth knowledge build-up due to the considerations examined for both professional and in human competencies. Based on these processes, it is concluded that training with projects is relevant for learning in civil engineering and for improving the quality of life of professional environments.

Resumen: El principal objetivo del presente estudio es observar los procesos y los cambios en la calidad de vida, la equidad social y las trasformaciones por las acciones de los estudiantes con proyectos de ingeniería y sus reflexiones. La metodología aplicada por un periodo de ocho años se basa en entrevistas, rejillas de observación y diarios de campo con estudiantes de ingeniería civil de primero, sexto y décimo semestre de tres universidades. Los resultados muestran cambios efectuados en estudiantes y monitores en las variables descritas, especialmente en el crecimiento en la construcción de conocimiento por las reflexiones consideradas tanto en lo disciplinar como en competencias humanas. Con base en estos procesos, se concluye que la formación con proyectos es relevante para el aprendizaje en ingeniería civil y para mejorar la calidad de vida de los entornos de los profesionales.

The widespread effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 led to the suspension of various activities, including education. Institutions responded by shifting to online learning, albeit facing challenges. Student perceptions on online learning are valuable for academic leadership in shaping pedagogies and policies. This study examines Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students' perceptions (n=43) of online classes during the pandemic. Findings from a descriptive online survey with convenience sampling show that students favoured advantages such as recorded lectures, access to online materials, and self-paced study. However, they highlighted drawbacks like technical issues, limited patient interaction, and reduced engagement with lecturers. Online learning was regarded as effective for enhancing knowledge than for developing clinical skills or social competencies, whilst face-to-face teaching was seen as more effective for fostering clinical skills and social competence compared to online learning. While online learning was initially seen as a response to the pandemic, its formalization as part of a blended education approach in South African universities should align with global trends.

As Tecnologias de Empoderamento e Participação (TEP) constituem-se como ferramentas e plataformas digitais que facilitam o acesso à informação, a expressão de opiniões, a colaboração e a participação em decisões educacionais, políticas ou sociais. Estas tecnologias podem contribuir para promover a aprendizagem interativa e colaborativa no ensino da gestão gastronómica. Este artigo propõe um guia metodológico que utiliza o TEP como estratégia pedagógica no ensino de gestão gastronômica. Espera-se que este guia contribua significativamente para a formação integral dos futuros profissionais da gastronomia, preparando-os para enfrentar os desafios do setor com solidez e versatilidade. O estudo assumiu uma abordagem metodológica mista, foi aplicada uma revisão de literatura para identificar estratégias aplicáveis, seguida do desenvolvimento de um guia metodológico. Em seguida, o guia foi avaliado pelo método Delphi, através de um inquérito a um painel de 6 especialistas para garantir a sua relevância e eficácia no contexto educativo. Nos resultados, o guia integrou métodos pedagógicos inovadores e tecnologias emergentes para desenvolver competências-chave na gestão gastronómica. Além disso, a avaliação de peritos apoiou a sua credibilidade e potencial para melhorar o ensino nesta área.

Las Tecnologías del Empoderamiento y Participación (TEP) se conforman como herramientas y plataformas digitales que facilitan el acceso a información, la expresión de opiniones, la colaboración y la participación en decisiones educativas, políticas o sociales. Estas tecnologías pueden contribuir a que, en la enseñanza de la gestión gastronómica, se promueva un aprendizaje interactivo y colaborativo. Este artículo propone una guía metodológica que utiliza las TEP como estrategia pedagógica en la enseñanza de la gestión gastronómica. Se espera que esta guía contribuya significativamente a la formación integral de futuros profesionales de la gastronomía, al prepararlos para enfrentar los desafíos del sector con solidez y versatilidad. El estudio asumió un enfoque metodológico mixto, se aplicó una revisión bibliográfica para identificar estrategias aplicables, seguida del desarrollo de una guía metodológica. Luego, se evaluó la guía mediante el método Delphi, a través de una encuesta a un panel de 6 expertos para asegurar su pertinencia y eficacia en el contexto educativo. En los resultados, la guía integró métodos pedagógicos innovadores y tecnologías emergentes para desarrollar competencias clave en gestión gastronómica. Además, la evaluación de expertos respaldó su credibilidad y potencial para mejorar la enseñanza en este campo.

Empowerment and Participation Technologies (PET) are digital tools and platforms that facilitate access to information, the expression of opinions, collaboration, and participation in educational, political, or social decisions. These technologies can contribute to the promotion of interactive and collaborative learning in the teaching of gastronomy management. This article proposes a methodological guide that uses PET as a pedagogical strategy in teaching gastronomic management. This guide is expected to contribute significantly to the integral formation of future gastronomy professionals, preparing them to face the sector's challenges with solidity and versatility. The study assumed a mixed methodological approach; a literature review was applied to identify applicable strategies, followed by developing a methodological guide. The guide was then evaluated using the Delphi method through a survey of a panel of 6 experts to ensure its relevance and effectiveness in the educational context. The results of the guide integrated innovative pedagogical methods and emerging technologies to develop critical competencies in gastronomy management. In addition, the expert evaluation endorsed its credibility and potential to improve teaching in this field.

Resumo Introdução: a pandemia COVID-19 trouxe desafios às instâncias responsáveis pela qualificação dos profissionais de saúde no mundo todo, que necessitaram se adaptar para oferta de cursos na modalidade à distância, frente às implicações impostas, como o distanciamento social. Entretanto, a despeito desses cursos, ainda persistem lacunas na produção de conhecimentos dos seus efeitos. Objetivo: analisar a percepção de profissionais-gestores sobre os efeitos de um curso na modalidade à distância, implementado para desenvolvimento de competências em saúde pública em tempos de pandemia COVID-19. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa realizada a partir de dados coletados do ambiente virtual do curso que, dentre outras informações, possuía respostas de uma pergunta realizada para os profissionais-gestores um mês após a sua conclusão: quais tarefas você executa habitualmente que sofreram algum tipo de modificação em consequência de sua participação no curso? A análise dos dados ocorreu por Classificação Hierárquica Descendente com auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ®, a partir de segmentos simples de texto (SST). Os SST foram classificados em função dos respectivos vocabulários de maior frequência e das palavras com associação significativa (p<0,001). Por fim, o software produziu um dendrograma com a ilustração do esquema hierárquico de classes. . Resultados: foram processadas 256 respostas com aproveitamento de 76,3% dos SST, que resultaram em um dendrograma de quatro classes, sendo possível constatar modificações na/o: (1) Execução de tarefas do cotidiano laboral; (2) Ampliação do conhecimento acerca do trabalho no Sistema Único de Saúde; (3) Articulação entre áreas para desenvolvimento das ações em Saúde Pública; (4) Apoio e orientações de ações de vigilância em saúde junto aos municípios. Considerações Finais: o uso do software IRAMUTEQ® facilitou o processamento e a análise de grande número de dados qualitativos. Destarte, foram obtidos achados que apontaram mudanças significativas na prática profissional dos gestores e, consequentemente, efeito positivo no desenvolvimento de competências.

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to entities responsible for qualifying healthcare professionals worldwide, needing adaptation to offer distance learning courses in the face of implications such as social distancing. However, despite these courses, there are still gaps in understanding their effects. Objective: To analyse the feeling of professional managers on the effects of a distance learning course, implemented for the development of public health competencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Qualitative research based on data collected from the virtual course environment, which included responses to a question posed to manager-professionals one month after completion: "Which tasks do you routinely perform that have undergone any modification due to your participation in the course?" Data analysis used Descending Hierarchical Classification with the aid of the IRAMUTEQ® software, focusing on Simple Segments of Text (SST). SSTs were classified based on their respective vocabularies of higher frequency and words with significant association (p<0.001). Finally, the software produced a dendrogram illustrating the hierarchical class scheme. Results: 256 responses were processed with a utilization rate of 76.3% of SSTs, resulting in a dendrogram with four classes, revealing modifications in (1) Execution of daily work tasks; (2) Expansion of knowledge about work in the Unified Health System; (3) Coordination between areas for the development of actions in Public Health; (4) Support and guidance for health surveillance actions in collaboration with municipalities. Final Considerations: The use of IRAMUTEQ® software eased the processing and analysis of a large amount of qualitative data, yielding findings that showed significant changes in the professional practice of managers and, so, a positive impact on the development of public health competencies even during a pandemic.

Abstract: The main objective of the discussion presented is to reflect on the logic that underlies the incorporation of technologies in social policies. The article is aimed at the analysis of the genesis of the Index of Critical Deficiencies in Uruguay, as a particular case of an algorithm applied to social selection, especially considering the context of emergence, with the institutional coordinates within which it was created, as well as the discourses that have legitimized and founded its creation, based on the analysis of documents, materials and discourses produced around its creation. In that sense, some warnings are outlined about the illusion of objectivity that is projected in the idea that there is no intentionality behind actions and it is proposed that policies are driven by world visions and linked to interests that condition their creation. Among the final reflections, it is noted that one of the aspects that requires attention is linked to the competencies and powers within the political construction processes. The elimination of human operations, which is what automation is aimed at, means in the case studied the exclusion of subordinate decision-making bodies, as well as the suppression of instances of democratic discussion, and in this exclusion there would seem to be a new centralization of power.

Resumen: La discusión presentada tiene como objetivo principal la reflexión sobre las lógicas que subyacen a la incorporación de tecnologías en las políticas sociales. El artículo se encamina al análisis de la génesis del Índice de Carencias Críticas en Uruguay, como un caso particular de un algoritmo aplicado a la selección social, considerando especialmente el contexto de surgimiento, con las coordenadas institucionales dentro las cuales fue creado, así como también los discursos que han legitimado y fundamentado su creación, a partir del análisis de documentos, materiales y discursos producidos alrededor de su creación. En ese sentido, se esbozan algunas advertencias sobre la ilusión de objetividad que se proyecta en la idea de que no hay intencionalidad detrás de las acciones y se propone que las políticas están impulsadas por visiones de mundo y ligadas a intereses que condicionan su creación. Entre lasreflexiones finales seseñalaqueunodelosaspectos que requiereatención se vincula las competencias y potestades dentro de los procesos de construcciónpolítica.La eliminacióndeoperacioneshumanas, queesaloque se direcciona la automatización, supone en el caso estudiado la exclusión de instancias decisorias subalternas, así como la supresión de instancias de discusión democrática.

ABSTRACT The study approaches the measurement of scientific literacy competencies in psychology students. Scientific literacy is a necessity in university education, enabling students to understand the role of sciences in everyday life and contribute to generating solutions to contemporary social challenges. Additionally, scientific literacy is key to disciplinary socialization, enhancing the ability to position oneself within an interdisciplinary framework in research in social and behavioral sciences. In this article, the results of the construction and validation process of a scale to measure scientific literacy competencies in psychology students at a private university in southern Chile are presented. A total of 111 first to fifth-year students participated. Psychometric analyses yielded four dimensions for the construct: self-efficacy in scientific skills, access to scientific knowledge, applicability of scientific knowledge, and scientific and ethical rigor. From the development of this instrument, the importance of encouraging students' active participation in extracurricular research activities is highlighted, along with articulating guidelines related to scientific rigor in academic training, as well as defining and sharing minimum scientific standards across subjects in different areas.

RESUMEN El estudio se aproxima a la medición de competencias de alfabetización científica en estudiantes de psicología. La alfabetización científica es una necesidad de la formación universitaria, que permite al estudiante comprender el rol de las ciencias en la cotidianidad y contribuir generando soluciones a los desafíos de la vida social contemporánea. A su vez, la alfabetización científica es clave para la socialización disciplinaria, potenciando la capacidad para posicionarse desde un marco de trabajo interdisciplinario en la investigación en ciencias sociales y del comportamiento. En este artículo, se presentan los resultados del proceso de construcción y validación de una escala para medir competencias de alfabetización científica en estudiantes de psicología en una universidad privada del sur de Chile. Participaron 111 estudiantes de primer a quinto año. Los análisis psicométricos arrojaron cuatro dimensiones para el constructo: autoeficacia en destrezas científicas, acceso al conocimiento científico, aplicabilidad del conocimiento científico y rigurosidad científica y ética. A partir del desarrollo de este instrumento, se destaca la importancia de incentivar la participación activa de estudiantes en actividades de investigación extracurriculares, articular lineamientos vinculados al rigor científico en la formación académica, así como definir y compartir estándares mínimos de exigencia científica entre asignaturas de distintas áreas.

RESUMEN En la contemporaneidad globalizada diversas problemáticas inciden y repercuten en la vida del hombre como ente social. De ahí que, las universidades proyecten procesos formativos conforme a los desafíos y demandas educativas de la Agenda 2030. Cuba, inmersa en trasformaciones de su modelo económico, político y social, redimensiona la preparación para el empleo en la Educación Superior, desde la formación continua, en función de lograr egresados dotados de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas, valores y competencias socio-profesionales para insertarse en el mercado laboral. En ese contexto, el artículo presenta un modelo de gestión formativa en la preparación para el empleo en el Ingeniero Informático en la Universidad de Oriente, constructo articulador en la concreción de las competencias socio-profesionales. El constructo teórico-práctico que expresa el vínculo universidad-empresa, emerge de los resultados de la formación doctoral. En tal sentido, se asumen métodos que permiten relacionar los aspectos teóricos que sustentan el modelo propuesto en interrelación con las categorías, a partir del análisis-síntesis, la revisión documental de investigaciones que se asumen y comparten, los que avalan la propuesta en su significación, importancia, actualidad e impacto.

ABSTRACT In today's globalized world, various problems affect and have repercussions on the life of man as a social entity. Hence, universities project training processes in accordance with the educational challenges and demands of the 2030 Agenda. Cuba, immersed in transformations of its economic, political and social model, resizes preparation for employment in Higher Education, from continuous training, in order to achieve graduates equipped with knowledge, skills, values and socio-professional competencies to enter the labor market. In this context, the article presents a training management model in preparation for employment in the Computer Engineer at the University of Oriente, an articulating construct in the realization of socio-professional competencies. The theoretical-practical construct that expresses the university-company link emerges from the results of doctoral training. In this sense, methods are assumed that allow relating the theoretical aspects that support the proposed model in interrelation with the categories, based on the analysis-synthesis, the documentary review of research that is assumed and shared, which endorse the proposal in its significance, importance, topicality and impact.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a well-researched and evidence-based psychotherapy that is underutilised in Africa. CBT presents opportunities for occupational therapists to expand their practice, for example by promoting engagement in meaningful and purposeful activity (behavioural activation), engaging with a mental health care user's thoughts during and after participation in activity (cognitive restructuring), and grading exposure to traumatic activities (exposure therapy). However, it is also critical that occupational therapists using CBT techniques culturally adapt these for their practice context and engage in professional development activities to develop their competencies as CBT practitioners. This commentary highlights recent advances in CBT practice and calls for CBT and associated techniques to be made more accessible to mental health care users in Africa. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • The relationship between participation and mental health is gaining prominence within the field of CBT. Occupational therapists should position themselves as experts in the therapeutic use of activity. • Occupational therapists using CBT techniques should culturally adapt their practice to meet the mental health needs of people living in Africa. • Occupational therapists using CBT techniques should follow internationally recognised pathways to CBT professional development, and register as Affiliated Members of the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Association of South Africa

Resumen El estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión bibliométrica de los documentos indexados en Scopus sobre competencias digitales y actitud docente en la educación básica regular desde 2003 hasta 2023. Utilizó un análisis bibliométrico, descriptivo y cuantitativo con palabras clave en inglés (“digital competencies”, “teaching attitude”), para determinar indicadores de producción científica como: año de publicación, país, fuente, institución, autor, tipo y área temática. De los 98 documentos seleccionados, se observó un aumento del 62% en los trabajos publicados. Además, los artículos científicos representaron el 89%, el 40% de los cuales fueron de ciencias sociales, siendo Estados Unidos el país con más producción (14,1%). Se concluye que literatura sobre la temática de estudio ha aumentado en producción, autoría y variedad temática, que evoluciona con los medios digitales, para ayudar a los docentes a gestionar su práctica pedagógica con herramientas, recursos y entornos digitales que garanticen su papel como educadores digitales.

Abstract The study aimed to carry out a bibliometric review of the documents indexed in Scopus on digital competencies and teaching attitude in regular basic education from 2003 to 2023. It used a bibliometric, descriptive and quantitative analysis with keywords in English ("digital competencies", "teaching attitude"), to determine indicators of scientific production such as: year of publication, country, source, institution, author, type and subject area. Of the 98 documents selected, an increase of 62% in published works was observed. In addition, scientific articles accounted for 89%, 40% of which were in the social sciences, with the United States being the country with the highest production (14.1%). It is concluded that literature on the subject of study has increased in production, authorship and thematic variety, which evolves with digital media, to help teachers manage their pedagogical practice with tools, resources and digital environments that ensure their role as digital educators.

ABSTRACT The research entitled Approach by competencies - Perspectives for the implementation of the credit system in Higher Education in Paraguay, aims to analyze the situation of the approach by competencies and its relationship with the perspective for the implementation of the credit system in Paraguay. Methodologically it had a mixed, analytical approach; The population was made up of teachers from the National University of Itapúa, from the Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Guaraní Culture. Totaling 50 teachers and the sample 45 teachers. Among the most notable results, it was determined that 59% of teachers stated that a competency-based curriculum allows for more active learning; and the same percentage stated that it helps students solve life problems; Another important fact to highlight is that 78% of teachers take into account the three dimensions: cognitive, procedural and attitudinal. Regarding the linking of the credit system with the competency-based approach, it has been consulted, according to his perception as a university professional, when transferring the current curriculum to the Higher Education Credit System (SCES) whether it will improve educational quality at this level; The response was quite varied, with 37% stating that they somewhat agreed, while 30% strongly agreed and 22% neither agreed nor disagreed. In conclusion, from the teaching perspective, the competency-based approach is related to the implementation of the credit system in Paraguay.

Resumen La investigación titulada Enfoque por competencias - Perspectivas para la implementación del sistema de créditos en la Educación Superior en el Paraguay, tiene por objetivo analizar la situación del enfoque por competencias y su relación con la perspectiva para la implementación del sistema de créditos en Paraguay. Metodológicamente tuvo un enfoque mixto, de tipo analítica; la población estuvo compuesta por docentes de la Universidad Nacional de Itapúa, de la Facultad de Humanidades, Ciencias Sociales y Cultura Guaraní. Totalizando 50 docentes y la muestra 45 docentes. Entre los resultados más resaltantes se ha determinado que, el 59 % de los docentes manifestaron que un currículo basado en competencias permite un aprendizaje más activo; y un mismo porcentaje manifestó que sirve a los estudiantes para solucionar problemáticas de la vida; otro dato importante a resaltar es que el 78 % de los docentes tiene en cuenta las tres dimensiones: cognitiva, procedimental y actitudinal. Respecto a la vinculación del sistema de créditos con el enfoque por competencias se ha consultado, según su percepción como profesional universitario, al pasar el currículo actual al Sistema de Créditos en la Educación Superior (SCES) si va mejorar la calidad educativa en este nivel; la respuesta fue bastante variada, siendo que el 37% manifestó estar algo de acuerdo, mientras que el 30 % estar muy de acuerdo y el 22% ni de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo. En conclusión, desde la perspectiva docente el enfoque por competencias guarda relación con la implementación del sistema de créditos en Paraguay.