Abstract The way residents occupy and operate houses influences the energy consumption. The objective of this paper is to findpatterns of occupant behaviour in actual data for thermal performance simulation.Data on occupancy of rooms and operation of doors and windows were obtained through a database created by means of application of questionnaires in low-income houses located in Florianópolis, southern Brazil. The reference profiles were obtained using cluster analysis, hierarchical and non-hierarchical techniques combined. Such profiles were submitted to computer simulations. The results showed significant variability within the clusters regarding the occupancy and operation of doors and windows. It was possible to verify the impact that different profiles have on the performance of the house, either due to occupancy or heat losses and gains from air changes through doors and windows. The combination of these effects resulted in some profiles that were highly vulnerable to external temperature conditions, while others were able to maintain the internal temperatures more constant. It was possible to verify that the use of reference profiles based on actual data lead to more reliable performance indicators. consumption simulationData simulation Data lowincome low income Florianópolis Brazil analysis nonhierarchical non combined simulations house conditions constant indicators

Resumo A forma como os moradores ocupam e operam as casas influencia o consumo de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho é encontrar padrões de comportamento dos moradores em dados reais para fins de simulação do desempenho térmico. Dados sobre ocupação de cômodos e funcionamento de portas e janelas foram obtidos por meio de um banco de dados criado por meio da aplicação de questionários em habitações de interesse social localizadas em Florianópolis. Os perfis de referência foram obtidos por meio de análise de agrupamento, com técnicas hierárquicas e não hierárquicas combinadas. Tais perfis foram submetidos a simulações computacionais. Os resultados mostraram variabilidade significativa entre os grupos quanto à ocupação e operação de portas e janelas. Foi possível verificar o impacto que diferentes perfis têm no desempenho da casa, seja pela ocupação ou pelas perdas de calor e ganhos com as trocas de ar através de portas e janelas. A combinação desses efeitos resultou em alguns perfis altamente vulneráveis às condições de temperatura externa, enquanto outros foram capazes de manter as temperaturas internas mais constantes. Foi possível verificar que a utilização de perfis de referência baseados em dados reais leva a indicadores de desempenho mais confiáveis. energia térmico Florianópolis agrupamento combinadas computacionais casa externa constantes confiáveis

Abstract: The present study examines the practices promoting self-regulated learning of university professors who teach basic sciences and social sciences courses in Chile, Argentina, and Cuba. The methodology applies a quantitative approach with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and descriptive-correlational design of variables. The sample consists of 299 university professors from Chile (41.1%), Argentina (31.1%), and Cuba (27.8%), with 18.8 years on average of university teaching experience. The results show that the basic sciences teaching group declares self-efficacy, knowledge, and beliefs to a lesser extent than social sciences professors, but this does not influence the practices of promoting self-regulation of learning. In conclusion, the variables are related to each other and the ones with the greatest effect are beliefs and teaching experience, the latter independent of the professor's country of origin.

Resumen: En el presente estudio se analizan las prácticas de promoción de la autorregulación del aprendizaje (ARA) de docentes universitarios que imparten clases a carreras de ciencias básicas y ciencias sociales en Chile, Argentina y Cuba. La metodología tiene un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental transversal y diseño descriptivo-correlacional de las variables. La muestra consiste de 299 docentes universitarios de Chile (41.1%), Argentina (31.1%) y Cuba (27.8%), con un promedio de 18.8 años de experiencia ejerciendo docencia universitaria. Los resultados muestran que el grupo docente de ciencias básicas declara en menor medida autoeficacia, conocimiento y creencias que docentes de ciencias sociales, pero esto no influye sobre las prácticas de promoción de la autorregulación del aprendizaje. En conclusión, las variables se relacionan entre sí y las que tienen mayor efecto son las creencias y experiencia docente, esta última independiente del país de origen de los docentes.

My enrolment at university was a significant milestone in my life. During my first three days as a student with autism spectrum disorder, I experienced both positive and negative situations at different campuses, including overcrowded lecture halls, residences, faculty houses, and interacting with other students. My literature review and theoretical interpretation are guided by historical institutionalism and Bakhtin's concept of "outsideness". These frameworks address how historical events shape the social, political, and economic behaviour of institutions in a system that treats new students who must adapt to the university's rules, regulations, and traditions as outsiders. The frameworks mentioned above were used to understand what I experienced during my first three days at university, which set the tone for the rest of my undergraduate education, punctuated by ableness, whiteness, masculinity, and fluctuating forms of support.

Abstract Self-injurious behaviours in adolescents can impede the free development of their person, and are a potentiator of suicidal ideation and behaviour. They are classified as violence towards oneself. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors that contribute to the emergence of these self-harming (self-destructive) behaviours; they stand out as a way in which some adolescents express their emotional pain or seek relief. In this study, and based on a qualitative approach with an exploratory design, the aim is to identify aspects of the subject. The research setting was virtual, and was used to collect data from a structured questionnaire in which predisposing factors such as family dynamics, social relationships, negative thoughts, coping, as well as social and professional support received are addressed. The population consisted of adolescents 18-20 years of age. After exploring self-injurious behaviours in late adolescents, psychological and social factors that contribute to these behaviours are highlighted, such as family dynamics, interpersonal relationships, situations of violence, thoughts about past experiences. It is important to mention that adolescence is a phase in which individuals face challenges of autonomy and identity, and thus the importance of overcoming this stage. Likewise, there are obstacles that prevent the full development of potential, and sometimes adolescents may engage in self-injurious behaviour in order to express through the body what they find difficult to express in other ways.

Resumo Os comportamentos autolesivos em adolescentes podem impedir o livre desenvolvimento de sua pessoa e são potencializadores de ideação e comportamento suicida. Eles são classificados como violência contra si mesmo. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar os fatores que contribuem para o surgimento desses comportamentos autolesivos (autodestrutivos), os quais se destacam como uma maneira pela qual alguns adolescentes expressam sua dor emocional ou buscam alívio. Neste estudo, baseado em uma abordagem qualitativa, com um desenho exploratório, pretende-se identificar aspectos próprios do tema. O ambiente de pesquisa foi virtual e foi utilizado para coletar dados de um questionário estruturado no qual são abordados fatores predisponentes como dinâmica familiar, relações sociais, pensamentos negativos, enfrentamento, bem como apoio social e profissional recebido. A população era composta de adolescentes de 18 a 20 anos. Depois de explorar os comportamentos autolesivos em adolescentes tardios, são destacados os fatores psicológicos e sociais que contribuem para esses comportamentos, como a dinâmica familiar, as relações interpessoais, as situações de violência e os pensamentos sobre experiências passadas. É importante mencionar que a adolescência é uma fase em que os indivíduos enfrentam desafios de autonomia e identidade e, portanto, a importância de superar essa fase. Da mesma forma, há obstáculos que impedem o pleno desenvolvimento do potencial e, às vezes, os adolescentes podem se envolver em comportamentos autolesivos para expressar, por meio do corpo, o que acham difícil expressar de outras formas.

Resumen Las conductas autolesivas en adolescentes llegan a impedir el libre desarrollo de su persona, y son potenciadoras de ideaciones y conductas relacionadas con el suicidio. Son clasificadas como violencia hacia uno mismo. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar los factores que contribuyen a la aparición de estas conductas autolesivas (autodestructivas); estas se destacan por ser una forma en la que algunos adolescentes expresan su dolor emocional o buscan alivio. En el presente estudio, y a partir del enfoque cualitativo con diseño exploratorio, se pretende identificar aspectos propios del tema. El escenario de investigación fue virtual, y se utilizó para recopilar datos a partir de un cuestionario estructurado en el que se abordan factores predisponentes como dinámicas familiares, relaciones sociales, pensamientos negativos, afrontamiento; así como el apoyo social y profesional recibido. La población está conformada por adolescentes de 18 a 20 años. Luego de explorar las conductas autolesivas en adolescentes en la etapa tardía, se destacan factores psicológicos y sociales que contribuyen a estas conductas, tales como dinámica familiar, relaciones interpersonales, situaciones de violencia, pensamientos sobre experiencias pasadas. Es importante mencionar que la adolescencia es una fase en la que los individuos enfrentan desafíos de autonomía e identidad, y por ello la importancia de superar la etapa. Así mismo, hay obstáculos que impiden el desarrollo pleno del potencial, y en ocasiones el adolescente puede tener comportamientos autolesivos para expresar mediante el cuerpo lo que se le dificulta difícil expresar por otras vías.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Influenza is a global threat, with high epidemic potential and affects between 5 and 15% of the world's population annually. In the hospital environment, vaccination is crucial to protect healthcare professionals. However, despite international recommendations, vaccination uptake is low due to safety concerns and/or distrust. Studies show that vaccinated professionals have lower rates of absenteeism, and when infected with the virus, they present milder symptoms. In this work, a retrospective cross-sectional observational study is carried out on the vaccination rate against this disease in a population of hospital-based workers, from 2019 to 2023. To understand the importance of vaccination against Influenza in these workers and which behavioral determinants may justify considering this evolution, we carried out a review of the challenges of vaccination among health professionals and identified key points to develop strategies with the aim of promoting adherence to vaccination campaigns. Methodology: For the observational study, vaccination data from hospital health professionals by the Occupational Health Service was used, recorded on a specific form at the time of administration. Professional category was the only variable considered. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft® Excel®. For the review, the databases Medline, Science Direct and Google Scholar were used, with the keywords "Influenza vaccine”, “health professional” and “behaviour”, selecting studies from 2010 to 2024. From the result of 1277 works, the exclusion criteria, which included vaccination for other diseases and target populations that did not include health professionals, 22 bibliographic sources were selected. To reflect the national reality, articles on the topic published by the Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional Online were included, as well as complementary studies and reference documents. Results: The study of adherence to flu vaccination in this hospital peripheral to Lisbon, between 2019 and 2023, showed a variation in vaccination adherence, with an average of 30%, a value below the ones reported in other countries. The categories most hesitant about this vaccine were Nursing Staff and Technical Assistants; at the opposite extreme, there was greater adherence from Medical Personnel and Technical Assistants. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, an increasing number of professionals were vaccinated annually, with this trend reversing after the end of the global emergency of this disease. From the review of the literature on vaccine hesitancy, 8 of the 14 behavioral domains stand out that represent theories of behavioral change that constitute modifiable factors that influence behavior in relation to the vaccine. We approach each of them from this perspective, namely: knowledge, the environmental context and resources, social influence, beliefs and knowledge about consequences, beliefs about individual capacity, identity and social/professional role, reinforcement and emotion. Discussion: Flu vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals can be a cause of morbidity and mortality for patients. Understanding the barriers and motivation for healthcare professionals to adhere to flu vaccination campaigns is crucial. Professionals who are asymptomatic carriers become sources of transmission. Annual vaccination, although safe and effective, faces variability due to antigenic concordance. In Portugal, educational and communication strategies are vital, highlighting the role of health professionals as models of preventive behavior. Easy access to medical consultations and Occupational Health recommendations is associated with greater adherence. In times of pandemic, the propensity for vaccination has increased, and it is important to promote this change. Strategies adapted to the cultural context are essential to boost adherence to Influenza vaccination among healthcare professionals. Conclusion: The approach to combating barriers and promoting vaccination among healthcare professionals must involve multiple areas and multiple levels, with communication targeted at specific groups, to increase its effectiveness. The message must be adapted to different population groups and different levels of health literacy. Knowing these behavioral determinants can help develop vaccination promotion campaigns from new perspectives and finding strategies to increase vaccination coverage is crucial for Occupational Health Services. Due to the ethical characteristics of the professions involved in providing direct care to patients, there is a need to reinforce the idea that vaccination among healthcare professionals is not only for their benefit, but above all for the protection of their patients.

RESUMO Introdução: A Gripe é uma ameaça global, com alto potencial epidémico e afeta anualmente entre 5 a 15% da população mundial. No ambiente hospitalar, a vacinação é crucial para proteger os Profissionais de Saúde. No entanto, apesar das recomendações internacionais, a adesão é baixa devido a preocupações de segurança e/ou desconfiança. Estudos mostram que os profissionais vacinados têm menores taxas de absentismo e, perante infeção pelo vírus, apresentam sintomatologia mais ligeira. Neste trabalho é realizado um estudo observacional transversal retrospetivo da taxa de vacinação contra esta doença numa população de trabalhadores de base hospitalar, no período de 2019 a 2023. Para compreender a importância da vacinação contra a Influenza nestes trabalhadores e quais os determinantes comportamentais que podem justificar esta evolução, realizou-se uma revisão dos desafios da vacinação entre Profissionais de Saúde, para identificar pontos chave e elaborar estratégias com o objetivo de promover a adesão às campanhas de vacinação. Metodologia: Para o estudo observacional da taxa de adesão à vacinação contra a Gripe num hospital periférico foram utilizados os dados de vacinação dos Profissionais de Saúde disponibilizados nos registos do Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional. A categoria profissional foi a única variável considerada. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o Microsoft® Excel®. Para a revisão recorreu-se às bases de dados Medline, Science Direct, Google Scholar; com as palavras-chave "Influenza vaccine”; “health professional” e “behaviour" e filtraram-se estudos de 2010 a 2024. Resultaram 1277 trabalhos e, após aplicar os critérios de exclusão, que incluíam vacinação para outras doenças e populações alvo que não os Profissionais de Saúde, foram selecionadas 22 fontes bibliográficas. Para espelhar a realidade nacional foram incluídos os artigos sobre o tema publicados pela Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional Online, assim como estudos complementares e documentos de referência. Resultados: O estudo da adesão à vacinação contra a Gripe neste hospital periférico a Lisboa, entre 2019 e 2023, mostrou uma variação na adesão à vacinação, com uma média de 30%, valor abaixo dos valores reportados noutros países. As categorias com maior hesitação a esta vacina foram o Pessoal de Enfermagem e os Assistentes Técnicos. Na situação oposta estavam o Pessoal Médico e os Assistentes Técnicos. Durante a Pandemia COVID-19 existiu um número crescente de profissionais vacinados anualmente, tendo esta tendência invertido após o fim da emergência global desta doença. Da revisão da bibliografia sobre a hesitação vacinal destaca-se 8 dos 14 domínios comportamentais que representam as teorias de mudança comportamental que constituem fatores modificáveis que influenciam a atitude em relação à vacina. Abordou-se sobre esta perspetiva cada um deles, nomeadamente, o conhecimento; o contexto ambiental e recursos; influência social; crenças e conhecimento sobre consequências; bem como sobre a capacidade individual; identidade e papel social/profissional; reforço e emoção. Discussão: A hesitação vacinal contra a Gripe entre Profissionais de Saúde pode ser uma causa de morbilidade e mortalidade para os doentes. Compreender as barreiras e motivação para a adesão dos Profissionais de Saúde às campanhas de vacinação contra a Gripe é crucial. Profissionais portadores assintomáticos, tornam-se fontes de transmissão. A vacinação anual, embora segura e eficaz, enfrenta variabilidade devido à concordância antigénica. Em Portugal, estratégias educacionais e de comunicação são vitais, destacando o papel dos Profissionais de Saúde como modelos de comportamento preventivo. O acesso fácil a consultas médicas e tal ser recomendado pela Saúde Ocupacional é associado a maior adesão. Em tempos de pandemia, a propensão à vacinação aumentou, importando promover esta mudança. Estratégias adaptadas ao contexto cultural são essenciais para impulsionar a adesão à vacinação contra a Gripe entre Profissionais de Saúde. Conclusão: A abordagem para combater as barreiras e promover a vacinação nos Profissionais de Saúde deve envolver múltiplas áreas e vários níveis, com uma comunicação dirigida a grupos específicos, para aumentar a sua eficácia. Deve adaptar-se a mensagem aos diferentes grupos populacionais e aos diferentes níveis de literacia em saúde. Conhecer estes determinantes comportamentais pode ajudar a desenvolver campanhas de promoção da vacinação a partir de novas perspetivas e encontrar estratégias para aumentar a cobertura vacinal é crucial para os Serviços de Saúde Ocupacional. Pelas características éticas das profissões envolvidas na prestação de cuidados diretos aos doentes, existe a necessidade de reforçar a ideia de que a vacinação entre Profissionais de Saúde não é apenas para seu benefício mas, acima de tudo, para proteção dos seus doentes.

Abstract This article delves into the considerable influence of generation Y, or millennials, on purchase behaviour and brand interactions. Their focus on creating a better world, combined with their status as digital natives, has spurred changes in e-commerce and corporate practices. This generation prioritises environmental and social concerns, compelling companies to adopt honesty and transparency in their products, processes, and values. Millennials are inclined to support brands that demonstrate social responsibility, sustainability, and ethical practices. Consequently, brand values have become pivotal, shaping consumer perceptions and behaviours. These values reflect the beliefs and principles a brand embodies, significantly impacting consumer perceptions and behaviours toward it. The study aims to investigate how IKEA’s brand values influence the purchase decisions of Portuguese millennial consumers. A questionnaire survey was conducted, employing a quantitative methodology, yielding 402 responses from IKEA consumers. The primary findings reveal that IKEA Portugal’s values notably influence the purchase decisions of millennial consumers, particularly those related to value for money, sustainability, social responsibility, and community support.

Resumo O presente artigo aborda a influência significativa da geração Y ou dos millennials no comportamento de compra e nas interações com a marca. O foco desta geração num mundo melhor e o facto de serem nativos digitais impulsionou mudanças no e-commerce e na forma como as empresas operam. Esta trata-se de uma geração preocupada com o planeta e com o futuro, que conseguiu forçar honestidade e transparência das empresas acerca dos seus produtos, processos e valores. Os millennials estão mais propensos a apoiar marcas que priorizam a responsabilidade social, a sustentabilidade e as práticas éticas. Os valores da marca ganharam destaque, moldando as perceções e o comportamento do consumidor. Esses valores representam as crenças e os princípios que a marca defende e têm um impacto significativo nas perceções dos consumidores sobre esta e o comportamento em relação a ela. O objetivo deste estudo é explorar como os valores da marca IKEA afetam as decisões de compra dos consumidores millennials portugueses. Foi utilizada uma metodologia quantitativa, com a aplicação de um inquérito por questionário, através do qual se obteve 402 respostas junto dos consumidores da marca IKEA. As principais conclusões indicam que os valores da IKEA Portugal impactam significativamente as decisões de compra dos consumidores millennials, especialmente as relacionadas com a relação qualidade-preço, sustentabilidade, responsabilidade social e apoio às comunidades.

Varying views have been expressed about the purpose(s) of doctoral studies and qualifications. The views have been changing over time, as have the factors inducing the changes. This article examines a range of such factors, taking into account global developments in a neoliberal knowledge economy that may be influencing and may continue to influence South African approaches to doctoral studies, within a differentiated higher education institution taxonomy. It examines the impact of such matters as the pressures of marketisation, institutional typologies and missions, the emergence of inter-, trans- and multidisciplinary research, and the prioritisation of public, social good (decolonisation, equity and social justice), complementing private good, globally and in South Africa. The article argues that these developments should not minimise the benefits, in many cases, of an introspective research academy, but that there is a place for diversity in the articulation of the purpose(s) of doctoral studies and consequent qualification. It is further argued that the debate over the shifting purpose of doctoral studies needs to be further explored. The article draws on findings from a recent South African national review of doctoral qualifications, and a subsequent analytical report, in which emerging trends and inhibiting challenges are identified.

Abstract This paper identifies the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence consumers to purchase organic products, and also determines the barriers that sometimes prevent university student millennials from purchasing this type of product. The research had a qualitative approach and the information was collected through semi-structured interviews, thirty-two university student millennials from Ecuador and Peru participated in the study and the data was coded using the Grounded Theory. The findings determined that intrinsic factors (environmental knowledge, environmental awareness, habits, health and values) and extrinsic factors (family influence, social influence, fear of COVID-19 infection), are the main factors that motivate the consumption of organic products. The study also determined that factors such as availability, price, and skepticism are occasional barriers to the purchase of this type of product. Regarding the originality value, the main contributions of this study are to be one of the first studies in Ecuador and Peru using the Grounded Theory to determine the conceptualisation that millennials have about organic products, as well as learning the influential factors and the existing barriers in the purchase behaviour of organic products in Ecuador and Peru.

Resumen Este artículo identifica los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que influyen en los consumidores para adquirir productos orgánicos, además determina las barreras que en ocasiones impiden que los millennials universitarios adquieran este tipo de productos. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo y la información fue recolectada por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas; treinta y dos millennials universitarios de Ecuador y Perú participaron en el estudio y los datos fueron codificados utilizando la teoría fundamentada. Los hallazgos determinaron que los factores intrínsecos (conocimiento ambiental, conciencia ambiental, hábitos, salud y valores) y extrínsecos (influencia familiar, influencia social, miedo al contagio de COVID-19), son los principales factores que motivan el consumo de productos orgánicos. El estudio también determinó que factores como la disponibilidad, el precio y el escepticismo son barreras ocasionales para la compra de este tipo de productos. En cuanto al valor de originalidad, los principales aportes de este estudio son convertirse en una de las primeras investigaciones en Ecuador y Perú que utilizó la teoría fundamentada para determinar la conceptualización que tienen los millennials sobre los productos orgánicos, y conocer los factores influyentes y las barreras existentes en el comportamiento de compra de productos orgánicos en estos dos países.

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the rise of populist support and increasing rates of abstention in European democracies. Empirical studies have shown that populist parties are gaining traction among voters, while abstention rates are also on the rise, particularly among “temporary” abstentionists who refrain from voting due to situational factors. We delve into this matter by utilising an original survey on a representative sample of the Portuguese population conducted in 2020. The findings suggest that there are similarities between voting for populist radical right parties and abstention, particularly in terms of “protest” attitudes, which set them apart from supporters of non-populist parties. Additionally, the study indicates that both phenomena are influenced by short-term factors related to the supply side of politics. However, abstentionists are more likely to belong to lower socio-economic strata and exhibit lower levels of political interest.

Resumo Este artigo analisa a relação entre o aumento do apoio aos partidos populistas e o aumento das taxas de abstenção nas democracias europeias. Estudos empíricos têm demonstrado que os partidos populistas estão a ganhar força entre os eleitores, enquanto as taxas de abstenção também estão a aumentar, particularmente entre os abstencionistas “temporários” que se abstêm de votar devido a fatores situacionais. Para aprofundar esta questão, recorremos a um inquérito original realizado em 2020 a uma amostra representativa da população portuguesa. Os resultados sugerem que existem semelhanças entre o voto em partidos populistas de direita radical e a abstenção, particularmente em termos de atitudes de “protesto”, que os distinguem dos apoiantes de partidos não populistas. Adicionalmente, o estudo indica que ambos os fenómenos são influenciados por fatores de curto prazo relacionados com o lado da oferta da política e que os abstencionistas são mais propensos a pertencer a estratos socioeconómicos mais baixos e a exibir níveis mais baixos de interesse político.

SIGNIFICANCE: Social media data are essential for studying human behaviour and understanding potential systemic risks. Social media platforms have, however, begun to remove access to these data. In response, other countries and regions have implemented legislation that compels platforms to provide researchers with data access. In South Africa, we have lagged behind the Global North when it comes to using platform data in our research and, given the recent access restrictions, we risk being left behind. In this Commentary, I call attention to this critical issue and initiate a conversation about access to social media data in South Africa.

BACKGROUND. The positive deviance approach has been used to identify infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices associated with a reduction in stunting, but this research is limited in South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVE. To identify strategies among positive deviant (PD) caregivers of non-stunted children aged 6 - 18 months that influence infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and raise well-nourished children in two informal settlements in Harrismith. METHODS. This study employed a mixed-method design using a PD approach. Demographic questionnaires were administered to 28 purposefully sampled caregiver-child pairs to determine caregiver, child and household characteristics. Socioeconomic scores were obtained from these interviews and used to select six PD and six non-positive deviant (NPD) caregivers for semi-structured qualitative interviews between March and June 2019. RESULTS. Nutritional PD behaviours included consuming 'flesh foods' (meat) more often and practising responsive feeding and family eating. Non-nutritional PD behaviours included coping strategies involving health-seeking behaviour, financial strategy and social capital of caregivers. All caregivers displayed poor breastfeeding practices and an early introduction of solid foods. Primary healthcare nurses were reported to frequently provide breastfeeding advice from outdated prevention of mother-to-child transmission policy. CONCLUSIONS. Poor IYCF practices highlight the need for continued advocacy and promotion of IYCF in SA. Nutritional PD behaviours are key to health promotional messages relayed within the local community where the research was conducted. The presence of nutritional and non-nutritional PD behaviours highlights the need for a multi-sectoral response to addressing stunting and improving IYCF practices.

Resumen En nuestra investigación, nuestro objetivo es conocer las actitudes y comportamientos financieros de los grupos sociales económicamente frágiles. Con base en una encuesta de cuestionario en línea (N = 22933 adultos), formamos grupos mediante análisis de conglomerados y los comparamos entre sí. Examinamos los grupos con métodos estadísticos multivariables, destacando las características relacionadas con la vulnerabilidad financiera. Además, desarrollamos la métrica de fragilidad financiera. Los resultados llaman la atención sobre el hecho de que la fragilidad financiera tiene múltiples razones complejas e interrelacionadas. En términos de personalidad financiera, actitud y comportamiento, alcanzaron el punto promedio más alto en el caso de reclamos claramente adversos, mientras que el más bajo en reclamos benéficos. Nuestros resultados demuestran que, incluso si el grupo financieramente vulnerable representa el 9 %, el grupo de los 'pozos de dinero' y los 'pasivos' muestran varias actitudes y patrones de comportamiento que podrían conducir a la fragilidad financiera en el futuro. La proporción acumulada de estos grupos asciende al 32%. Las personas económicamente vulnerables no cuidan bien ni sus finanzas ni su hogar, no pueden planificar ni prolongar sus deseos, y juzgan incurable su situación, a lo que se suma la ansiedad.

Abstract In our research, we aim to become acquainted with the attitudes and financial behaviours of financially fragile social groups. Based on an online questionnaire survey (N=22933 adult), we formed groups by cluster analysis and compared them to each other. We examined the groups with multivariable statistical methods, underscoring the characteristics relating to financial vulnerability. Beside we developed the metric for financial fragility. The results draw attention that financial fragility has multiple, complex, interrelated reasons. In terms of financial personality, attitude, and behaviour, they reached the highest average point in case of distinctly adverse claims, while the lowest at beneficial claims. Our results demonstrate that even if the financially vulnerable cluster accounts for 9%, the group of 'money pits' and the 'passive' show several such attitudes and behavioural patterns that could lead to financial fragility in the future. The cumulative ratio of these groups amounts to 32%. Financially vulnerable people do not take good care of either their finances or their household, they can't plan or prolong their wishes, and they judge their situation incurable, which is coupled with anxiety.

Abstract This research tackles a study of discourse markers based on a sample of spoken Spanish: the PRESEEA-Sevilla corpus. In relation to these discourse markers, known for being specialized in structuring the information within a speech, it has often been said that they adopt certain characteristics in a spontaneous, not subject to a previous preparation orality. In this regard, our purpose is to discover their frequency and their behaviour in a set of semi-directed surveys, also, in addition to that, ascertain the social influences that affect their use. The main results obtained indicate that: 1) discourse markers have a significant occurrence in our materials; 2) the continuity of the members in these series show an explicit marking, mainly with the variants ‘después’ and ‘luego’; and 3) gender, age and educational level of informants conditioned the distribution of these units.

Resumen En esta investigación abordamos el estudio de los ordenadores del discurso en una muestra de español hablado: el corpus PRESEEA de la ciudad de Sevilla. A menudo se ha dicho que estos marcadores, especializados en la organización de la información, adoptan ciertas particularidades en la oralidad no sometida a elaboración previa. En este sentido, nuestro propósito es conocer su rentabilidad y su comportamiento en un conjunto de encuestas semidirigidas y, además, saber si existen factores sociales que influyen en su utilización. Los principales resultados obtenidos indican que: 1) los ordenadores tienen una presencia importante en nuestros materiales; 2) prevalece la marcación explícita de la continuidad de los miembros de las series, fundamentalmente mediante las variantes ‘después’ y ‘luego’; y 3) el sexo, la edad y el nivel de estudios de los informantes condicionaron la distribución de estas unidades.

There is a prevalent notion among healthcare professionals that their private lives have no bearing on their work. Yet, the public has expectations about the conduct of health professionals while at work or in public. Citizens are quick to broadcast information, and express opinions, and beliefs about the conduct of health partitioners via social media. Consequently, incidents and behaviours traditionally confined to the work environment, have been brought into the public domain, attracting interest and scrutiny. The exposure of personal information can have serious ramifications to the individual and professional reputation. We have witnessed in recent times, the regulator having to acknowledge, process and adjudicate professional conduct emanating outside the work environment. In this article we interrogate the jurisdiction of the HPCSA regarding "unprofessional conduct" outside work. Several contextual questions are discussed: (i) what does it mean for the HPCSA to protect the public? (ii) How far does the HPCSA's mandate to protect the public go extend? (iii) How should the regulator interact with social media as a source of information about practitioner's behaviour and conduct. We contend that, in some cases, the HPCSA as a regulatory authority, can exercise its jurisdiction and prescribe how their members should conduct themselves outside of work. Eventually, Health Professions Council of South Africa, must protect the public and regulate the profession - "by all means necessary" or only when the "means are necessary"

BACKGROUND: Community health worker (CHW) programmes contribute towards strengthening adherence support, improving maternal and child health outcomes and providing support for social services. They play a valuable role in health behaviour change in vulnerable communities. Large-scale, comprehensive CHW programmes at health district level are part of a South African (SA) strategy to re-engineer primary healthcare and take health directly into communities and households, contributing to universal health coverage OBJECTIVE: These CHW programmes across health districts were introduced in SA in 2010 - 11. Their overall purpose is to improve access to healthcare and encourage healthy behaviour in vulnerable communities, through community and family engagements, leading to less disease and better population health. Communities therefore need to accept and support these initiatives. There is, however, inadequate local evidence on community perceptions of the effectiveness of such programmes METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study to determine community perceptions of the role and contributions of the CHW programme was conducted in the Ekurhuleni health district, an urban metropolis in SA. Members from 417 households supported by CHWs were interviewed in May 2019 by retired nurses used as fieldworkers. Frequencies and descriptive analyses were used to report on the main study outcomes of community acceptance and satisfaction RESULTS: Nearly all the study households were poor and had at least one vulnerable member, either a child under 5, an elderly person, a pregnant woman or someone with a chronic condition. CHWs had supported these households for 2 years or longer. More than 90% of households were extremely satisfied with their CHW; they found it easy to talk to them within the privacy of their homes and to follow the health education and advice given by the CHWs. The community members highly rated care for chronic conditions (82%), indicated that children were healthier (41%) and had safer pregnancies (6% CONCLUSION: As important stakeholders in CHW programmes, exploring community acceptance, appreciation and support is critical in understanding the drivers of programme performance. Community acceptance of the CHWs in the Ekurhuleni health district was high. The perspective of the community was that the CHWs were quite effective. This was demonstrated when they reported changes in household behaviour with regard to improved access to care through early screening, referrals and improved management of chronic and other conditions