ABSTRACT We examine the control of the seventh principle that guides the activity of cooperatives, referred to as "interest for the community", which is closely related to the notion of "sustainable development". We will show that such an audit is necessary because it is the aspects related to sustainability that to a large extent serve as the basis for their preferential treatment, for example, in tax matters, subsidies, preferential treatment in the allocation of public funds, and even by consumers. We will show that our legislation restricts the audit to administrative, accounting and financial aspects, raising the possibility of replicating the treatment provided for in the laws on the establishment of companies of collective benefit and interest, which require at least a social report, if not a social audit.

RESUMEN Examinamos la fiscalización del séptimo principio que orienta la actividad de las cooperativas, referido al “interés por la comunidad”, íntimamente relacionado con la noción de “desarrollo sostenible”. Expondremos que dicha fiscalización es necesaria puesto que son los aspectos vinculados con la sostenibilidad los que sirven en gran parte de fundamento para su tratamiento preferencial, por ejemplo, en materias tributarias, subvenciones, preferencias en adjudicaciones de fondos públicos, e incluso, por parte de los consumidores. Demostraremos que nuestra legislación restringe la fiscalización a aspectos administrativos, contables y financieros, planteándose la posibilidad de replicar el tratamiento previsto en los proyectos de ley destinados a consagrar las empresas de beneficio e interés colectivo, que exigen como mínimo un reporte social, cuando no una auditoría social.

ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption and antisocial-criminal behavior a relevant social and public health problem. The objective of the research that gave rise to this scientific article was to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and antisocial-criminal behavior in adolescents. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional approach was used. The study included 271 adolescents (50.6% male and 49.4% female), aged between 12 and 19 years, using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling with inclusion criteria. The instruments used were the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Questionnaire (AUDIT) and the Antisocial-Criminal Behavior Questionnaire (A-D). The analysis showed low alcohol consumption or abstinence (95.2%) and low presence of antisocial (89.3%) and criminal (88.93%) behaviors. There were no differences by sex in the study variables (p > .05). A low positive relationship was confirmed between alcohol consumption and antisocial behavior (r = .206; p < .05), as well as alcohol consumption and criminal behavior (r = .199; p < .05), that is, as alcohol consumption increases or decreases, antisocial-criminal behavior also.

RESUMEN El consumo de alcohol y las conductas antisociales-delictivas constituyen un problema relevante a nivel social y de salud pública. El objetivo de la investigación que dio origen al presente artículo científico fue conocer la relación entre el consumo de alcohol y la conducta antisocial-delictiva en adolescentes. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo-correlacional, de corte transversal. Participaron 271 adolescentes (50.6 % masculino y 49.4 % femenino), entre 12 a 19 años, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia con criterios de inclusión. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario para identificación de trastornos debidos al consumo de alcohol (AUDIT) y el Cuestionario de conductas antisociales-delictivas (A-D). El análisis mostró un consumo bajo de alcohol o abstinencia (95.2 %) y baja presencia de conductas antisociales (89.3 %) y delictivas (88.93 %). No se presentaron diferencias por sexo en las variables de estudios (p > .05). Se confirmó una relación baja positiva entre el consumo de alcohol y la conducta antisocial (r = .206; p < .05), al igual que el consumo de alcohol y la conducta delictiva (r = .199; p < .05), es decir, a medida que aumenta o disminuye el consumo de alcohol, también lo hace la conducta antisocial-delictiva.

ABSTRACT Objective and Methodology Many studies have been published since the creation of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to better understand this certification. Through a systematic review of the literature in 2022, this article aims to identify business entities motivations, benefits, and challenges of FSC certification. Through the definition of some inclusion criteria (Scientific Articles; Specific subject areas; FSC, or Forest Stewardship Council, appears in the title, abstract, and/or keywords; FSC means “Forest Stewardship Council”; FSC benefits and challenges), this study reviews a total of 74 publications from 2005 to 2022 from five different data bases (Scopus, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library; Springer Link; Web of Science). More than one author helped with the selection of papers to remove the risk of bias. Results As main results, the motivations for deployments of the FSC certification are linked to economic issues as well as potential benefits. However, FSC still has several challenges to overcome, such as: high cost, lack of price premium, investment return, and financial dependency in the case of small producers. Social benefits and challenges were also mapped. Such results are directly linked to the type of methodology used in each paper. Originality As a conclusion, many field studies still need to be developed due to the superiority of documentary research based on audit reports. Although this kind of document has several advantages, some disadvantages are also detected. This paper provides an overview of the FSC directing future research interested in the theme. (FSC Scientific Articles areas title abstract andor keywords Council” challenges, , challenges) 7 200 202 Scopus, Scopus (Scopus Direct Library Link Science. . Science) bias However overcome cost premium return producers mapped conclusion reports advantages detected theme 20 2

RESUMO Objetivo e Metodologia Muitos estudos foram publicados desde a criação do Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) para entender melhor esta certificação. Através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura realizada em 2022, este artigo teve como objetivo identificar as motivações, benefícios e desafios das entidades empresariais em adotar a Certificação FSC. Através da definição de alguns critérios de inclusão (Artigos Científicos; Áreas temáticas específicas; FSC ou Forest Stewardship Council aparecer no título, resumo e/ou palavras-chave; FSC significar “Forest Stewardship Council”; benefícios e desafios do FSC) este estudo revisou um total de 74 publicações de 2005 a 2022 de cinco bases de dados diferentes (Scopus, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library; Springer Link; Web of Science). Mais de um autor ajudou na seleção do artigo para remover o risco de viés. Resultados Como principais resultados, as motivações para implantações da certificação FSC estão ligadas a questões econômicas, bem como potenciais benefícios. No entanto, o FSC ainda tem vários desafios a serem superados, como: alto custo, falta de preço prêmio, retorno do investimento e dependência financeira no caso de pequenos produtores. Benefícios e desafios sociais também foram mapeados. Tais resultados estão diretamente ligados ao tipo de metodologia utilizada em cada artigo. Originalidade Como conclusão, muitos estudos de campo ainda precisam ser desenvolvidos devido à superioridade da pesquisa documental baseada em relatórios de auditoria. Embora este tipo de documentos tenha várias vantagens, algumas desvantagens também são detectadas. Este artigo fornece uma visão geral do FSC, direcionando futuras pesquisas na área. (FSC Artigos Científicos específicas título eou palavraschave palavras chave palavras-chave Council” 7 200 202 Scopus, Scopus (Scopus Direct Library Link Science. . Science) viés econômicas entanto superados custo prêmio produtores mapeados conclusão auditoria vantagens detectadas área 20 2

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the influence of board characteristics on corporate reputation. Design/methodology/approach In total, 128 Brazilian publicly traded companies from Refinitiv Eikon were analysed between 2016 and 2020. The dependent variable was corporate reputation, whereas the independent variables were board size, gender diversity, board independence and audit committee presence. Multivariate analysis was used. Findings The results presented empirical evidence that board members can impact corporate reputation. Findings showed that board size, gender diversity and independence positively influence Brazilian companies’ corporate reputation. Conversely, an audit committee had no significant impact on corporate reputation. Research limitations/implications The paper presents a contribution to the significance of board members in shaping a company's corporate reputation, using the signalling theory and the resource-based view (RBV) theory. Practical implications Regarding practical implications, this work provides subsidies for managers to value board characteristics because they directly reflect on corporate reputation and competitive advantage, leading to more sustainable performance. Social implications The research findings highlight that a diverse board encourages the organisation to improve its workforce, human rights, relations with the community and responsibility for manufactured products. Originality/value The relationship between board characteristics and corporate cooperation is poorly established in the literature. Furthermore, the results prove the RBV theory in an emerging context. Similarly, the signalling theory proved helpful in improving Brazilian firms’ corporate reputation. Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach total 12 201 2020 size presence used Conversely limitationsimplications limitations companys company s resourcebased resource based (RBV advantage performance workforce rights products Originalityvalue Originality literature Furthermore context Similarly firms 1 20 202 2

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar a associação entre o uso precoce de álcool na adolescência e fatores associados: sociodemográficos, envolvimento em bullying, comportamentos de risco na escola e competências socioemocionais. Foi realizado com 528 adolescentes de escolas públicas de Ensino Médio de tempo integral. Instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, AUDIT, Escala de Vitimização entre Alunos, Escala de Autoria de Violência a Alunos, Escala de Comportamentos de Risco e o SENNA. No modelo final, as variáveis com associação significativa foram: não ter uma religião (RP = 1,28; IC 95% [1,02; 1,60]), consumo de álcool dos pais (RP = 1,55; IC 95% [1,22; 1,97]), autoria de bullying (RP = 1,51; IC 95% [1,14; 1,98]), fumar na escola (RP = 1,74; IC 95% [1,36; 2,24]), alto engajamento com outros (RP = 2,59; IC 95% [1,40; 4,79]) e baixa resiliência emocional (RP = 2,16; IC 95% [1,16; 4,03]), todas indicando risco. associados sociodemográficos socioemocionais 52 integral Instrumentos sociodemográfico AUDIT Alunos SENNA final foram RP 1,28 128 1 28 95 1,02 102 02 [1,02 1,60, 160 1,60 , 60 1,60]) 1,55 155 55 1,22 122 22 [1,22 1,97, 197 1,97 97 1,97]) 1,51 151 51 1,14 114 14 [1,14 1,98, 198 1,98 98 1,98]) 1,74 174 74 1,36 136 36 [1,36 2,24, 224 2,24 2 24 2,24]) 2,59 259 59 1,40 140 40 [1,40 4,79 479 4 79 4,79] 2,16 216 16 1,16 116 [1,16 4,03, 403 4,03 03 4,03]) 5 1,2 12 9 1,0 10 0 [1,0 1,6 6 1,60] 1,5 15 [1,2 19 1,9 1,97] 1,1 11 [1,1 1,98] 1,7 17 7 1,3 13 3 [1,3 2,2 2,24] 2,5 25 1,4 [1,4 4,7 47 2,1 21 4,0 4,03] 1, [1, 2, 4, [1 [

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the association between early alcohol use in adolescence and associated factors: sociodemographic, involvement in bullying, risk behaviors at school, and social-emotional skills. It was carried out with 528 adolescents from full-time public high schools. Instruments: sociodemographic questionnaire, AUDIT, Victimization Scale among Students, Scale of Authorship of Student Violence, Risk Behavior Scale, and SENNA. In the final model, the variables with a significant association with early alcohol use by adolescents were: not having a religion (PR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.02, 1.60]), parental alcohol consumption (PR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.22, 1.97]), bullying (PR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.14, 1.98]), smoking at school (PR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.36, 2.24]), high engagement with others (PR = 2.59, 95% CI [1.40, 4.79]), and low emotional resilience (PR = 2.16, 95% CI [1.16, 4.03]), all indicating risk. factors socialemotional social skills 52 fulltime full time schools Instruments questionnaire AUDIT Students Violence SENNA model were PR 128 1 28 1.28 95 1.02, 102 02 [1.02 1.60, 160 1.60 , 60 1.60]) 155 55 1.55 1.22, 122 22 [1.22 1.97, 197 1.97 97 1.97]) 151 51 1.51 1.14, 114 14 [1.14 1.98, 198 1.98 98 1.98]) 174 74 1.74 1.36, 136 36 [1.36 2.24, 224 2.24 2 24 2.24]) 259 59 2.59 1.40, 140 40 [1.40 4.79, 479 4.79 4 79 4.79]) 216 16 2.16 1.16, 116 [1.16 4.03, 403 4.03 03 4.03]) 5 12 1.2 9 1.02 10 0 [1.0 1.6 6 1.60] 15 1.5 1.22 [1.2 19 1.9 1.97] 1.14 11 [1.1 1.98] 17 7 1.7 1.36 13 3 [1.3 2.2 2.24] 25 2.5 1.40 [1.4 47 4.7 4.79] 21 2.1 1.16 4.0 4.03] 1. 1.0 [1. 1.1 1.3 2. 1.4 4. [1 [

Abstract Purpose This paper develops a case study focusing on the Portuguese Air Forces, first to identify the roles of the internal audit (IA) and then to analyse its influence on organisation sustainability, while also exploring the moderating effect of human resource management practices (HRMPs). Theoretical framework This research draws on empirical work on the roles and activities performed by IA in the private sector and human capital theory to assess the effect of HRMPs on performance. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the survey method and data were collected through a questionnaire made available on an online platform. The study applies an ordinary least squares regression model. Findings This study shows that IA provides assurance and advisory services and that IA is positively related to sustainability orientation, particularly in the governance and social dimensions. The moderating effect of HRMPs is felt only in the environmental dimension. Practical & social implications of research This study reinforces the literature on the relationship between IA effectiveness and sustainability, provides insights into the effectiveness of IA as reported by auditors themselves, identifies the portfolio of functions performed by IA, and points to improvements to be made in IA management. Originality/value The topics studied are explored for the first time in the context of the Armed Forces, and the analysis of the moderating effect of HMRPs on the relationship between IA and sustainability is pioneering. Forces (IA HRMPs. . (HRMPs) performance Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach platform model orientation dimensions dimension themselves Originalityvalue Originality value pioneering (HRMPs

Resumo O presente ensaio traz uma análise a respeito da confiança e das relações de poder no sistema de mercado de auditoria. Utilizando a teoria do macromarketing sobre sistemas de mercado e os estudos sociológicos sobre governamentalidade, analisa o papel da confiança como técnica de governamentalidade, mecanismo social e objeto de mercado. O contexto do fenômeno se verifica nos serviços ofertados pelas empresas de auditoria, com ênfase nos demonstrativos contábeis, que geram confiança nos mercados e, dessa forma, interferem nos processos estratégicos e na modelagem dos sistemas de mercado. Estratégica nas relações de poder nos sistemas de mercado, a confiança perpassa o fator intrínseco de mecanismo social e se torna um escasso instrumento para a governança dos sistemas, transformando-se num atributo de estimado valor no mercado. Por fim, espera-se que as contribuições dos distintos papéis da confiança sejam relevantes para outros estudos no campo do macromarketing. auditoria governamentalidade contábeis forma transformandose transformando fim esperase espera

Resumen Este ensayo proporciona un análisis de las relaciones de confianza y poder en el sistema de mercado de auditoría. Utilizando la teoría del macromarketing sobre sistemas de mercado y estudios sociológicos sobre gubernamentalidad, se analiza el papel de la confianza como mecanismo social, técnica de gubernamentalidad y objeto de mercado. El contexto del fenómeno se puede ver en los servicios que ofrecen las empresas auditoras, con énfasis en los estados contables, que generan confianza en los mercados, interfiriendo así en los procesos estratégicos y el consecuente modelamiento de los sistemas de mercado. Al ser tan estratégica en las relaciones de poder, que operan dentro de los sistemas de mercado, la confianza permea el factor intrínseco de mecanismo social, y se convierte en un instrumento escaso para la gobernanza de los sistemas, convirtiéndose en un activo de valor estimado dentro del mercado. Finalmente, se espera que los aportes de los diferentes roles de la confianza sean relevantes para otros estudios en el campo del macromarketing. auditoría social auditoras contables mercados Finalmente

Abstract This essay analyzes trust and power relations in the audit marketing system. Using macromarketing theory on marketing systems and sociological studies on governmentality, the role of trust as a social mechanism, governmentality technique, and market object is analyzed. The context of the phenomenon can be seen in the services offered by auditing companies, with an emphasis on accounting statements, which generate confidence in the markets, thus interfering in strategic processes and the consequent modeling of marketing systems. Being so strategic in power relations, which operate within marketing systems, trust permeates its intrinsic factor and social mechanism and becomes a scarce instrument for the governance of systems, becoming an asset of estimated value within the market. Finally, it is expected that the contributions of the different roles of trust may be potential for other studies in the field of macromarketing. system technique analyzed companies statements markets Finally

Resumo Os sistemas orgânicos de produção agropecuária estão ganhando cada vez mais espaço no campo e no mercado. Isso é resultado da necessidade de alternativas à produção agropecuária convencional, caracterizada, entre outros aspectos, pelo seu elevado impacto ambiental. Assim, nas últimas décadas, o setor privado, as instituições públicas e a sociedade civil (movimentos sociais populares, ONGs, associações, coletivos, entre outros) passaram a desenvolver sistemas de produção fortemente amparados em princípios ecológicos. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar a caracterização da produção orgânica no país, com destaque para a sua evolução e espacialização. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório com o intuito de revelar a distribuição da produção orgânica no território brasileiro. A pesquisa foi realizada com base na revisão de literatura e na análise dos dados do Cadastro Nacional de Produtores Orgânicos (CNPO), fornecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária (MAPA). O número de produtores orgânicos, entre 2013 e 2023, apresentou um aumento de quase 400%, com predomínio da certificação por auditoria entre os mecanismos de avaliação da conformidade orgânica. As regiões Sul, Nordeste e Norte, em 2023, possuíam o maior número de produtores. Apesar do avanço, a pandemia de Covid-19 e a recente desestruturação das políticas públicas para o setor têm impactado nas tendências até então identificadas no cenário da produção orgânica brasileira. mercado convencional caracterizada aspectos ambiental Assim décadas privado movimentos populares ONGs associações coletivos ecológicos disso país espacialização Tratase Trata se brasileiro CNPO, CNPO , (CNPO) MAPA. MAPA . (MAPA) 201 2023 400 400% Sul Norte avanço Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 brasileira (CNPO (MAPA 20 202 40 Covid1 1 Covid- 2 4

Resumen Los sistemas orgánicos de producción agropecuaria están ganando más y más espacio en el campo y en el mercado. Eso es resultado de la necesidad de alternativas a la producción agropecuaria convencional, caracterizada, entre otros aspectos, por su elevado impacto ambiental. De este modo, en las últimas décadas, el sector privado, las instituciones públicas y la sociedad civil (movimientos sociales populares, ONGs, asociaciones, colectivos y otros) han pasado a desarrollar sistemas de producción fuertemente amparados en principios ecológicos. Frente a ello, este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar la caracterización de la producción orgánica en el país, especialmente para su evolución y espacialización. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio con la intención de revelar la distribución de la producción orgánica en el territorio. La investigación fue realizada a partir de revisión de literatura y análisis de datos del Registro Nacional de los Productores Orgánicos (Cadastro Nacional de Produtores Orgânicos - CNPO), fornecidos por el Ministerio de Agricultura y Pecuaria (MAPA). El número de productores orgánicos, entre 2013 y 2023, presentó un aumento de casi 400%, con predominio de la certificación por auditoria entre los mecanismos de evaluación de conformidad orgánica. Las regiones Sur, Noreste y Norte, en 2023, poseían el más grande número de productores. A pesar del avanzo, la pandemia de Covid-19 y la reciente desestructuración de las políticas públicas para el sector han impactado las tendencias hasta este momento identificadas en el escenario de la producción orgánica brasileña. mercado convencional caracterizada aspectos ambiental modo décadas privado movimientos populares ONGs asociaciones ecológicos ello país espacialización territorio Cadastro CNPO, CNPO , CNPO) MAPA. MAPA . (MAPA) 201 2023 400 400% Sur Norte avanzo Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 brasileña (MAPA 20 202 40 Covid1 1 Covid- 2 4

Abstract Organic agriculture and livestock production systems have been gaining more and more space in the countryside and on the market. This is a result of the need for alternatives to conventional agriculture and cattle production, which is characterized, among other aspects, by its high environmental impact. Thus, in recent decades, the private sector, public institutions and civil society (popular social movements, NGOs, associations, collectives, among others) have begun to develop production systems strongly supported by ecological principles. Therefore, this article aims to identify and analyze the characterization of organic production in the country, with emphasis on its evolution and spatialization. This is an exploratory study that aims to reveal the distribution of organic production in the territory. The research was performed based on literature review and analysis of data from the National Register of Organic Producers (Cadastro Nacional de Produtores Orgânicos - CNPO), provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária - MAPA). The number of organic producers, between 2013 and 2023, showed an increase of almost 400%, with audit certification predominating among organic conformity assessment mechanisms. The South, Northeast and North regions, in 2023, had the largest number of producers. Despite the progress, the Covid-19 pandemic and the recent disruption of public policies for the sector have impacted the trends previously identified in the Brazilian organic production scenario. market characterized aspects impact Thus decades popular movements NGOs associations collectives others principles Therefore country spatialization territory Cadastro CNPO, CNPO , CNPO) Ministério MAPA. MAPA . MAPA) producers 201 2023 400 400% mechanisms South regions progress Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 scenario 20 202 40 Covid1 1 Covid- 2 4

RESUMEN Este artículo examina la transformación y aumento en el uso de mecanismos de auditoría social por parte de la ciudadanía para incidir en asuntos de planeación urbana en Bogotá. Para ello, analizamos los cambios legales e institucionales de la figura de las veedurías ciudadanas que facilitaron su transformación de un mecanismo de vigilancia de los contratos públicos en una herramienta con capacidad de modificar e incluso bloquear proyectos estratégicos de la ciudad. Sin embargo, no todas las veedurías logran incidir en la planeación urbana. Con base en una revisión documental y 15 entrevistas con funcionarios locales y líderes de cinco veedurías ciudadanas, argumentamos tres aspectos clave que explican el éxito de las veedurías con mayor incidencia en asuntos de planeación: (1) equipos interdisciplinares con énfasis en lo técnico y lo legal; (2) conexión directa con representantes políticos, y (3) capacidad de movilizar en la opinión pública un modelo de ciudad atractivo para las clases altas y medias ilustradas. Concluimos con un llamado a considerar con más atención los aspectos legales, contractuales y jurisdiccionales de la planeación en las discusiones sobre incidencia y gobernanza urbana, así como el rol de las clases medias en la planeación de la ciudad latinoamericana.

ABSTRACT This article examines the transformation and increase in the use of social audit mechanisms by citizens to influence urban planning issues in Bogotá. To do so, we analyze the legal and institutional changes that facilitated the transformation of the Colombian figure of the "veeduría ciudadana" (citizen audit committees) from a mechanism for oversight of public contracts to a tool with the capacity to modify and even block strategic city projects. However, not all veedurías are successful in influencing urban planning. Based on a documentary review and 15 interviews with local officials and leaders of five veedurías, we argue that three key aspects explain why citizen auditing committees might have greater influence in planning issues: (1) creating interdisciplinary teams with emphasis on technical and legal knowledge; (2) having a direct connection with political representatives; and (3) mobilizing an appealing city model for the educated upper and middle classes through public opinion. We conclude with a call to give greater attention to the legal, contractual, and jurisdictional implications of urban planning in discussions about citizen participation and urban governance, as well as to better conceptualize the role of the middle classes in Latin American city planning.

RESUMO Este artigo examina a transformação e o aumento do uso de mecanismos de auditoria social pelos cidadãos para influenciar questões de planejamento urbano em Bogotá. Para isso, analisamos as mudanças legais e institucionais na figura da veedurías ciudadanas (comitês de auditoria cidadã) que facilitaram sua transformação de um mecanismo de monitoramento de contratos públicos para uma ferramenta com capacidade de modificar e até bloquear projetos estratégicos na cidade. No entanto, nem todos os fiscalização cidadã, conseguem influenciar o planejamento urbano. Com base em uma revisão documental e 15 entrevistas com autoridades locais e líderes de cinco órgãos de fiscalização cidadã, argumentamos que três aspectos principais explicam o sucesso dos órgãos de fiscalização cidadã que tiveram maior impacto nas questões de planejamento: (1) equipes interdisciplinares com ênfase nos temas técnico e jurídico; (2) ligação direta com representantes políticos; e (3) capacidade de mobilizar na opinião pública um modelo de cidade atraente para as classes média e alta ilustrado. Concluímos com um chamado a considerar com maior atenção os aspectos legais, contratuais e jurisdicionais do planejamento nas discussões sobre fiscalização e governança urbana, bem como o papel das classes médias no planejamento desta cidade latino-americana.

RESUMEN La preocupación legítima de los gobiernos actuales radica en controlar la información generada por las instituciones que los representan. Esta investigación propone una metodología para instrumentar auditorías archivísticas en esos espacios laborales donde la información fluye diariamente. Se concluye que al llevar a cabo esta labor se tendrá un mejor funcionamiento tanto de los sistemas institucionales como de la información que producen. Para asegurar lo anterior, se propone una metodología compuesta por tres elementos: a) Análisis de los flujos informacionales basados en la generación de la información archivística producto de las funciones institucionales, b) Revisión de la aplicación correcta de la gestión documental y, c) Estudio métrico que determine el uso e impacto de la información archivística. El método empleado se sustenta en un proceso analítico-reflexivo que será la antesala para futuros estudios.

ABSTRACT The legitimate concern of current governments is to control the information generated by the institutions that represent them. This research proposes a methodology to implement archival audits in those work spaces where information flows daily. It is concluded that by carrying out this work there will be a better functioning of both the institutional systems and the information they generate. To ensure the above, a methodology composed of three elements is proposed: a) Analysis of information flows based on the generation of archival information as a result of institutional functions, b) Review of the correct application of records management and, c) Metric study that determines the use and social impact of archival information. The method used is based on an analytical-reflexive process that will be the prelude to future studies.

Abstract For the research associated with this article, the reports of the quality audits carried out by the Federated College of Engineers and Architects of Costa Rica (CFIA), during the period from 2006 to 2018, were reviewed. The most important variables that reflect the fulfillment of technical quality criteria of the houses were extracted to observe the behavior of these over time. Through the comparison of historical series, trends are analyzed and defined in the main structural, architectural, electrical, mechanical and urban aspects fundamental to the design and construction of social housing and are grouped into the positive aspects that have been maintained, those that have improved and problematic aspects that still exist. Finally, recommendations are provided on possible next steps that the National Financial System for Housing could take in order to promote improvement actions.

Resumen Para la investigación asociada a este artículo se revisaron los informes de las auditorías de calidad llevadas a cabo por el Colegio Federado de Ingenieros y de Arquitectos de Costa Rica (CFIA) durante el periodo del año 2006 al 2018. Se extrajeron las variables más importantes que reflejan el cumplimiento de criterios de calidad técnica de las viviendas, para observar el comportamiento de estas a través del tiempo. Por medio de la comparación de series históricas, se analizan y definen tendencias de los principales aspectos estructurales, arquitectónicos, eléctricos, mecánicos y urbanísticos fundamentales del diseño en de la construcción de las viviendas de interés social. Estas se agrupan entre aspectos positivos que se han mantenido, aquellos que han mejorado y los aspectos problemáticos que aún existen. Finalmente se brindan recomendaciones sobre posibles pasos que podría tomar el Sistema Financiero Nacional para la Vivienda con el fin de promover acciones de mejora.

RESUMEN Objetivo: La indicación de los lugares de memoria de la dictadura militar en Brasil es aún incipiente en ese país. Así, este trabajo pretende señalar lugares de memoria de la dictadura en Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, protagonista del golpe de 1964 a la democracia, no solo porque las tropas del general Mourão Filho salieron de allí como materialización de lo que ya estaba planeado en el cuartel; sino porque fue la sede de la Región Militar, donde su auditoría reunió audiencias de testigos y organizó juicios, así como porque las instalaciones civiles y militares sirvieron de espacio para la tortura y el cumplimiento de sentencias. Metodología: A través de conceptos como “patrimonio oscuro” y “lugares de memoria sensible”, intentaremos demostrar cómo el silenciamiento es preponderante en las políticas públicas locales, ya sea en la no identificación de estos lugares, o en los procesos de vuelco que solo hacen referencia a aspectos estético-estilísticos del mercado inmobiliario ligados a la memoria de la dictadura. Originalidad: Dado que los bienes discutidos en este artículo no son objeto de políticas públicas a favor de la memoria colectiva, este trabajo señalará edificios en donde tuvo lugar el uso de la violencia ejercida por parte del Estado y que, generamente, pasan desapercibidos en el paisaje de la ciudad. Conclusiones: El borrado del pasado dictatorial en Juiz de Fora, y en Brasil en general, es una estrategia de encubrimiento de responsabilidades.

ABSTRACT Objective: The indication of the places of memory of the military dictatorship in Brazil is still incipient in this country. Thus, this work intends to indicate such places in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, protagonist of the 1964 coup to democracy, not only because General Mourão Filho’s troops were stationed there a materialization of what was already planned in the barracks; but because it was the headquarters of the Military Region, where its audit collected hearings from witnesses and organized trials, and civilian and military facilities were used as spaces for torture and serving sentences. Methodology: Through concepts such as “dark heritage” and “places of sensitive memory”, we will try to demonstrate how silencing is preponderant in local public policies, whether in the non-identification of these places, or in the listing processes that privilege aesthetic and stylistic aspects to the detriment of memories of the dictatorship. Originality: Since the places discussed in this article are not object of public policies in favour of collective memory, this work will indicate buildings that were places of State violence and generally go unnoticed in the city’s landscape. Conclusions: The erasure of the dictatorial past in Juiz de Fora, and in Brazil in general, is a strategy of covering up responsibilities.

RESUMO Objetivo: A indicação dos lugares de memória da ditadura militar no Brasil ainda é incipiente nesse país. Assim, este trabalho pretende indicar lugares de memória da ditadura em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, protagonista do golpe de 1964 à democracia, não apenas porque as tropas do General Mourão Filho saíram de lá (materialização do que já estava planejado no quartel) mas porque foi a sede da Região Militar, onde a sua auditoria recolheu audiências de testemunhas e julgamentos organizados, bem como porque instalações civis e militares serviram de espaço para a tortura e o cumprimento de penas. Metodologia: Por meio de conceitos como “patrimônio sombrio” e “lugares de memória sensível”, demonstraremos como o silenciamento é preponderante nas políticas públicas locais, seja na não identificação desses lugares, seja nos processos de tombamento que privilegiam apenas aspectos estético-estilísticos do mercado imobiliário ligados à memória da ditadura. Originalidade: Visto que os bens tratados nesse artigo não são objetos de políticas públicas em favor da memória coletiva, o trabalho indicará edificações que foram lugares de uso da violência do Estado que passam generalmente desapercebidos pela paisagem da cidade. Conclusões: O apagamento do passado ditatorial em Juiz de Fora, e em geral no Brasil, é uma estratégia de encobrimento de responsabilidades.

BACKGROUND: Haemothorax occurs in approximately 60% of all thoracic and polytrauma cases and is responsible for 15-30% of all trauma mortalities. Penetrating injuries to the thorax are a common presentation in South African hospitals. This study aims to audit the traumatic haemothoraces and their outcomes in regional hospitals in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa METHODS: In this study, patient characteristics were grouped as either continuous or categorical variables. Continuous variables, such as age were summarised as means (with standard deviations) or medians (interquartile range [IQR]), as appropriate. Categorical variables such as sex were summarised as proportions. Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences RESULTS: A total of 118 patients were included comprising 110 (93%) males and eight (7%) females, with an average age of 29.7 years. Stab-chest was the most frequent mechanism of injury (76; 64.4%), followed by gunshot wound (GSW)-chest (27; 22.9%) and isolated blunt chest trauma (9; 7.6%). Other mechanisms of injury were stab-neck (3; 2.5%), stab-shoulder (2; 1.7%) and blunt chest trauma in the context of polytrauma (1; 0.8%). The most frequent type of injury was penetrating (108; 91.5%), with only 10 (8.5%) cases of blunt injury. This study found that there was a statistically significant association between patient age groups and type of injury CONCLUSION: Haemothorax is a common sequela of chest trauma. Retained haemothorax (RH) results in worsened patient outcomes including increased hospital length of stay (LOS). This study points to the need for auditing of proper intercostal chest drain (ICD) positioning, which is crucial for the successful drainage of haemothorax

This study assessed the abilities and competencies of Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) graduates in Botswana and their employability. Twelve participants identified from various RPL education and training fields, and hairdressing and beauty therapy services were interviewed. The findings indicate that RPL has overall life-shaping consequences for the learners involved and for this reason, it was highly embraced by participants; RPL gives learners access to post-school education, including other qualifications; RPL benefits learners and it is thus value for money invested by the Botswana Government. Therefore, the promotion of social inclusion should be embraced and adopted as a mode of assessment to capacitate human resource development in Botswana. The article concludes by recommending a partnership between Government and relevant institutions and organisations to audit skils in the country to uncover the unused skils, as wel as to design RPL that is relevant to the local needs.

ORIENTATION: Investing in manpower leads to positive results in the long run. This Study examines the role played by the management in encouraging employee participation in interventions by management on training and development RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore management interventions in employee participation in training and development intervention in a selected municipality MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Studies show that positive economic and social development is dependent on the capacity of the workforce in the labour market. Therefore, motivated the investigation on challenges faced in local government to ensure that employees acquire adequate skills to perform their duties efficiently RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: A qualitative approach was adopted through semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from a purposive sample of 20 questions developed and distributed to administrative personnel. Questionnaires containing open and closed-ended questions were distributed to determine employee perception towards training and development programme interventions MAIN FINDINGS: The findings suggest that there is a lack of effective communication and management practices within the organisation, leading to poor participation and understanding from employees. Addressing factors such as role clarification, change management, planning and time management can also help improve employee participation and job satisfaction PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the importance of management creating platforms to engage with subordinates and listen to staff needs. Additionally, the study exposed the crucial role that management plays in communicating a diversity training initiative CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: Management should explore the development of a supportive environment in which employees can freely communicate their perceptions and attitudes towards training and development interventions