ABSTRACT Introduction: sexual satisfaction and safety are key elements for male well-being, integrating physical and emotional aspects of intimacy. These concepts encompass the full enjoyment of sexual relationships, along with comfort and confidence in the protective practices used. Objective: determine sexual happiness and satisfaction with sexual safety in men from Asunción and Central during 2023. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out in Asunción and Central during the months of September to November 2023. The study population consisted of eligible men who were over 18 years of age, who were assigned the sex male at birth, residents of the selected cities. The study variables were demographics, mental health (anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation). Results: the study included 143 participants. Of these, 55.24 % (79) were between 18 and 29 years old, 69.23 % (99) identified as gay, and 12.59 % (18) as bisexual. Men who have sex with men showed a higher probability of reporting satisfaction, with an age-adjusted odds ratio of 2.82 (95 % CI: 1.41-3.57, p=0.001) compared to heterosexuals. Having three or more stable partners and eleven or more non-stable partners was strongly associated with being MSM (p=0.003 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: men who have sex with men reported higher levels of sexual satisfaction, suggesting a positive experience in their intimate relationships. However, this group also showed a tendency to have a higher number of sexual partners, both stable and non-stable. These differences in sexual behaviors may indicate distinct social norms or personal preferences among the studied groups.

RESUMEN Introducción: la satisfacción y seguridad sexual son elementos clave para el bienestar masculino, integrando aspectos físicos y emocionales de la intimidad; estos conceptos engloban el disfrute pleno de las relaciones sexuales, junto con la comodidad y confianza en las prácticas de protección utilizadas. Objetivo: determinar la felicidad sexual y satisfacción con la seguridad sexual en hombres de Asunción y Central durante el 2023. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en Asunción, y Central durante los meses de setiembre a noviembre del 2023. La población de estudio lo constituyeron los hombres elegibles que tenían mayor de 18 años, a quienes se les asignó el sexo masculino al nacer, residentes de las ciudades seleccionadas. Las variables del estudio fueron las demográficas, salud mental (ansiedad, depresión e ideación suicida). Resultados: el estudio incluyó 143 participantes. De estos, el 55,24 % (79) tenía entre 18 y 29 años, el 69,23 % (99) se identificó como gay, y el 12,59 % (18) como bisexual. Los Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres mostraron una mayor probabilidad de reportar satisfacción, con una odds ratio ajustada por edad de 2,82 (IC 95 %: 1,41-3,57, p=0,001) en comparación con los heterosexuales, tener tres o más parejas estables y once o más parejas no estables se asoció fuertemente con ser HSH (p=0,003 y p=0,001, respectivamente). Conclusión: los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres reportaron niveles más altos de satisfacción sexual, lo que sugiere una experiencia positiva en sus relaciones íntimas. Sin embargo, este grupo también mostró una tendencia a tener un mayor número de parejas sexuales, tanto estables como no estables. Estas diferencias en comportamientos sexuales pueden indicar distintas normas sociales o preferencias personales entre los grupos estudiados.

RESUMEN El contexto de pandemia ha evidenciado dificultades en la salud física y mental, donde han emergido emociones como la angustia, ansiedad, miedo e irritabilidad. A partir de este escenario, se considera importante analizar la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental, ya que se han evidenciado cambios abruptos en la dinámica familiar que representaron un importante y vertiginoso desafío de adaptación. Debido a que se carece de estudios con aproximaciones cualitativas que describan las experiencias en este ámbito, el objetivo del estudio es describir la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 en la región del Biobío, Chile. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, orientada desde un diseño fenomenológico. Los participantes fueron tres madres y tres padres chilenos, entre 20 y 50 años. Se utiliza la entrevista semi-estructurada para recolectar la información y el análisis de contenido temático para la construcción de categorías. Los resultados muestran que los padres y madres perciben un agotamiento asociado a un desajuste entre las demandas relacionadas con la crianza de los hijos, incluidas las expectativas de sí mismos y sus responsabilidades, y la disponibilidad de recursos para satisfacer esas demandas y expectativas. Se concluye una experiencia parental basada en sentimientos desadaptativos como el agobio y adaptativos como la cercanía parental, además de un carácter mayoritariamente íntimo en las actividades familiares, sociales y de ocio.

ABSTRACT The context of the pandemic has evidenced difficulties in physical and mental health, where emotions such as anguish, anxiety, fear, and irritability have emerged. Based on this scenario, it is considered important to analyze the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout, since abrupt changes in family dynamics have been evidenced, which represented an important and dizzying adaptation challenge. Due to the lack of studies with qualitative approaches that describe the experiences in this area, the aim of the study is to describe the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Biobío Region, Chile. A qualitative methodology is used, oriented from a phenomenological design. The participants were three Chilean mothers and three fathers, between 20 and 50 years old. The semi-structured interview is used to collect the information and the thematic content analysis for the construction of categories. The results show that fathers and mothers perceive exhaustion associated with a mismatch between the demands related to raising children, including expectations of themselves and their responsibilities, and the availability of resources to meet those demands and expectations. A parental experience based on maladaptive feelings such as overwhelm and adaptive feelings such as parental closeness is concluded, as well as a most intimate character in family, social, and leisure activities.

RESUMEN La discriminación y las violencias basadas en género dirigidas en contra de la población LGBTIQ+ se han estructurado a través de los años en una sociedad heteronormativa, machista, patriarcal y religiosa, causando así graves violaciones a derechos humanos relacionada a factores de comisión de delitos como el homicidio, feminicidio y la tortura. Algo característico de la comisión de estos actos es la sistematicidad y el factor de diversidad sexual y de género por el cual se realizan, con el fin de adaptar un pensamiento conservador implementado en la sociedad, causando diferentes formas de discriminación, discursos de odio e interseccionalidad que afectan el pleno desarrollo y la garantía de una vida digna para la población LGBTIQ+. Debido a la zozobra generada en la población LGBTIQ+, y sumado a ello el rasgo histórico de esta violencia sistemática, resulta necesario e interesante abordar la perspectiva de los delitos de lesa humanidad desde un análisis de la diversidad sexual como factor indiscutible de que el género y las diversidades sexuales deben contar con una intervención y aplicación de las tipificaciones contempladas en el Estatuto de Roma, buscando que estos instrumentos internacionales se adapten plenamente a realidades sociales presentes, que han causado en la comunidad internacional preocupación y obligaciones para una plena garantía de derechos e igualdad social para la población LGBTIQ+.

ABSTRACT Discrimination and gender-based violence directed against the LGBTIQ+ population have been structured over the years in a heteronormative, sexist, patriarchal and religious society, thus causing serious violations of human rights related to factors in the commission of crimes such as homicide, feminicide and torture; Something characteristic of the commission of these acts is the systematicity and the factor of sexual and gender diversity by which they are carried out, in order to adapt a conservative thought implemented in society, causing different forms of discrimination, hate speech and intersectionality. that affect the full development and guarantee of a dignified life for the LGBTIQ+ population. Due to the anxiety generated in the LGBTIQ+ population, and added to this the historical feature of this systematic violence, it is necessary and interesting to address the perspective of crimes against humanity from an analysis of sexual diversity as an indisputable factor that gender and sexual diversities must have an intervention and application of the classifications contemplated in the Rome Statute, seeking that these international instruments fully adapt to present social realities and that have caused concern and obligations in the international community for a full guarantee of rights and social equality for the LGBTIQ+ population.

Abstract Introduction: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life affect emotional response during adolescence. To study the effect of early rearing on emotional response, animal models such as maternal separation (MS) and social enrichment (SE) by community nesting have been useful. However, the comparison of the effect of MS and SE on anxiety-related behaviours in adolescent rats is unknown. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of MS and SE on the emotional response of adolescent rats exposed to the elevated plus-maze test (EPM). Method: Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups according to the rearing condition. In the MS group, pups were separated daily from their dams for 180 minutes, from postnatal day (P) 2 to 14. In the SE group, two females that gave birth synchronously were housed in a cage with a litter of eight pups. Females from control standard housing (SH) were individually housed and kept with their offspring until weaning (P23). On P32, anxiety-related measures were evaluated using an EPM. Results: MS and SE increase anxiety-related behaviours and locomotion in rats exposed to the EPM. SE had sex-dependent effects on anxiety-related measures, increasing vertical activity in females and horizontal activity in males. MS but not SE increased body weight gain in female rats. Conclusion: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life may result in an increased anxiety phenotype in the EPM during adolescence. It is likely that the favourable effect of SE depends on the number of dams per communal nest.

Resumen Introducción: Las condiciones de crianza adversas o favorables en etapas tempranas de la vida afectan la respuesta emocional durante la adolescencia. Para estudiar el efecto de la crianza temprana sobre la respuesta emocional, han sido útiles modelos animales como la separación materna (SM) y el enriquecimiento social (ES) mediante anidamiento comunitario. Sin embargo, se desconoce la comparación del efecto de la SM y el ES sobre las conductas relacionadas con la ansiedad en ratas adolescentes. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende evaluar los efectos de la SM y el ES sobre la respuesta emocional de ratas adolescentes expuestas al test del laberinto en cruz elevado (EPM). Método: Las ratas Wistar preñadas se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en tres grupos según la condición de crianza. En el grupo SM, las crías fueron separadas diariamente de sus madres durante 180 minutos, desde el día postnatal (P) 2 hasta el 14. En el grupo ES, dos hembras que parieron de forma sincronizada se alojaron en una caja con una camada de ocho crías. Las hembras del alojamiento estándar de control (SH) se alojaron individualmente y se mantuvieron con sus crías hasta el destete (P23). En P32, se evaluaron las medidas relacionadas con la ansiedad mediante un EPM. Resultados: La SM y el ES aumentan las conductas relacionadas con la ansiedad y la locomoción en las ratas expuestas al EPM. El ES tuvo efectos dependientes del sexo en las medidas relacionadas con ansiedad, aumentando la actividad vertical en las hembras y la actividad horizontal en los machos. La SM, pero no el ES, incrementó la ganancia de peso corporal en las ratas hembra. Conclusiones: Condiciones de crianza adversas o favorables en etapas tempranas de la vida pueden dar lugar a un fenotipo de ansiedad aumentado en el EPM durante la adolescencia. Es probable que el efecto favorable del ES dependa del número de hembras por nido comunitario.

Resumo: Objetivo: Conhecer as representações sociais de adolescentes escolares sobre paternidade e maternidade responsável. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e exploratório, realizado com 23 adolescentes escolares entre 14 e 19 anos, de um Instituto Federal de Educação, no Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, aplicado entre setembro e dezembro de 2022. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de conteúdo temática proposta por Bardin. Resultados: As representações sociais sobre a maternidade/paternidade responsável na adolescência revelaram reações e sentimentos negativos, como angústia, medo, insegurança e despreparo, pois este fenômeno acarreta adaptação e abdicação. Portanto, estudo possibilita a parceria entre profissionais de saúde, escola e familiares no apoio a adolescentes na prevenção da gestação, enfrentar desafios e optar por uma paternidade/maternidade consciente e segura. Conclusões: É crucial uma colaboração entre profissionais de saúde e escola para oferecer espaços de acolhimento, valorização e escuta nesta fase, além de uma assistência que promova o pleno desenvolvimento da(o)s adolescentes escolares.

Resumen: Objetivo: Conocer las representaciones sociales de adolescentes escolares sobre paternidad y maternidad responsable. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo y exploratorio, realizado con 23 adolescentes escolares de entre 14 y 19 años, en un Instituto Federal de Educación en Brasil. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un guion de entrevista semiestructurada, aplicado entre septiembre y diciembre de 2022. Para el análisis de los datos, se empleó la técnica de análisis de contenido temático propuesta por Bardin. Resultados: Las representaciones sociales sobre la maternidad/paternidad responsable en la adolescencia revelaron reacciones y sentimientos negativos, como angustia, miedo, inseguridad e impreparación, ya que este fenómeno implica adaptación y renuncia. Por lo tanto, el estudio permite una colaboración entre profesionales de la salud, la escuela y las familias para apoyar a los adolescentes en la prevención del embarazo, enfrentar desafíos y optar por una paternidad/maternidad consciente y segura. Conclusiones: Es crucial una colaboración entre profesionales de la salud y la escuela para ofrecer espacios de apoyo, valoración y escucha en esta etapa, además de brindar una asistencia que promueva el pleno desarrollo de los adolescentes escolares.

Abstract: Objective: To understand the social representations of school-aged adolescents regarding responsible parenthood and motherhood. Methodology: This is a qualitative and exploratory study conducted with 23 school-aged adolescents, between 14 and 19 years old, from a Federal Institute of Education in Brazil. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview guide, applied between September and December 2022. The thematic content analysis technique proposed by Bardin was used for data analysis. Results: Social representations of responsible parenthood/motherhood in adolescence revealed negative reactions and feelings, such as anxiety, fear, insecurity, and unpreparedness, as this phenomenon requires adaptation and sacrifice. Thus, the study enables collaboration between health professionals, schools, and families to support adolescents in preventing pregnancy, facing challenges, and opting for conscious and safe parenthood/motherhood. Conclusions: It is crucial to foster collaboration between health professionals and schools to provide spaces for support, recognition, and listening during this phase, in addition to offering care that promotes the full development of school-aged adolescents.

Heelwat navorsing is al gedoen in 'n poging om 'n greep op aspekte van goeie en slegte plaaslike regering te kry. 'n Kernvraag wat steeds onbeantwoord bly is die volgende: Wat is "plaaslike regering", en hoe kan die werklikheid waarna die begrip verwys, verstaan en herken word? 'n Begripsraamwerk van "plaaslike regering" is onlangs ontwikkel bestaande uit die herkenbare eienskappe van die begrip om dit te identifiseer. Gepaardgaande daarmee is 'n sosiale ontologie van sorg vir "plaaslike regering" ontwikkel. Die veronderstelling is dat plaaslike regerings in Suid-Afrika en ander lande aan die hand van daardie eienskappe herken sal word. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is daar egter 'n moontlike nietipiese voorbeeld van plaaslike regering, naamlik Orania, 'n bestaande dorp binne die geografiese gebied van die Thembelihle Plaaslike Munisipaliteit in die Noord-Kaapprovinsie. Orania is nie 'n muni-sipaliteit ingevolge die Suid-Afrikaanse grondwet en wetlike raamwerk nie. Die vraag is gevolglik of Orania wel as 'n "plaaslike regering" beskou kan word. In antwoord op die vraag gee hierdie artikel 'n ontiese¹ beskrywing van Orania aan die hand van die gekose begripsraamwerk en sosiale ontologie van sorg. Dit blyk uit die beskrywing en ontleding daarvan dat Orania wel aan die institusionele, funksionele en territoriale eienskappe van die begrip "plaaslike regering" voldoen en op 'n outentieke wyse as plaaslike regering funksioneer. Die gevallestudie wys dat 'n outentieke plaaslike regering een is wat 'n integrerende deel uitmaak van sy plaaslike gemeenskap en omsluitende wêrelde, wat voortdurende ongemak met die hede beleef en met sorg, besorgdheid en sorgsaamheid daarop reageer.

Much research has been conducted to grasp aspects of good and bad local governance. A central question that remains unanswered is: What constitutes "local government" and how can the reality to which this concept refers be understood and recognised? Recently, a conceptual framework was developed by identifying recognisable characteristics of this concept's reference. The assumption is that local governments in South Africa and other countries will be recognised based on these characteristics. Alongside this, a social ontology of care for "local government" was established. However, within the South African context, a potentially atypical example of local government is found, namely Orania, an existing town situated within the geographical area of the Thembelihle Local Municipality in the Northern Cape province. Orania is not a municipality in terms of the South African constitution and legal framework. The question thus arises whether Orania can indeed be considered a "local government". In response to this query, this article provides a description of Orania using the chosen conceptual framework and social ontology of care as part of a case study design. The analysis and ontological description ofOrania, by means of the conceptual framework, reveal that the phenomenon of Orania does indeed possess a territorial jurisdictional sphere (the Orania Overlay Zone), a democratically elected representative council (the OVR), and a Town Council and its administration that performs a range of local functions and responsibilities. While the territory of a municipality is generally determined by authorising measures or decisions by other jurisdictions (such as province, state, and national government), the territorial area known as the Orania Overlay Zone results from the purchase and cultivation of land by members of a homogeneous cultural community. Therefore, the territory is not only a demarcation of jurisdiction, but the place to which this community is connected. The institutional aspect of local government is likely a universal feature. The nature and scope of the institutional structure of local governments are often also the result of standardised external authorising measures or decisions by other jurisdictions. Consequently, the structures may not necessarily resonate with the needs and resources of the sometimes diverse society that constitutes the inhabitants of such an area. In the case of Orania, the institutional structure of local government (the OVR and the Town Council) is directly determined by the community, as represented by various land entities, based on the community's specific needs and available resources. The performance of a limited range of local functions can also be considered a universal feature of local government. In this particular case, the functions of the relevant local government are determined by its decision-making bodies, such as the Town Council, in consultation with the community as represented by the various land entities. Consequently, typical local government functions are performed according to the community's needs and available resources. Non-typical local government functions, such as residence rights, are performed within the general scope of the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and other national legislation. The analysis confirmed that Orania meets the characteristics consistent with the concept of "local government" as outlined in the conceptual framework. Additionally, viewing Orania through the theoretical lens of social ontology of care highlights that it is a human construct, making objective observation and description challenging. Orania is a network of interconnected individuals and social institutions situated within overlapping human, spiritual, natural, territorial, and political worlds. The authenticity of this existence lies in its concern for the affairs of the world in which it is situated and the conscientiousness with which it carries out its functions in conjunction with others. The case study shows that an authentic local government is one that forms an integral part of its local community and surrounding worlds, continually experiencing discomfort (anxiety) with the present, and responding to that anxiety with care, concern, and nurturing for society and its things.

A gravidez na adolescência é um problema significativo de saúde pública no Brasil, contribuindo para altas taxas de morbimortalidade entre mulheres jovens. Durante a gestação, muitas adolescentes abandonam a escola e o trabalho, o que resulta em menor qualificação e maior vulnerabilidade ao mercado de trabalho informal. Além disso, as adolescentes grávidas enfrentam riscos elevados de complicações gestacionais e desafios emocionais, como ansiedade e depressão. A pandemia exacerbou essas vulnerabilidades, especialmente em relação ao abuso doméstico, devido ao isolamento social. Este estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de compreender o perfil demográfico e as características das parturientes adolescentes no Ceará entre 2020 e 2022, oferecendo subsídios para políticas públicas que visem melhorar a qualidade de vida dessas jovens e de seus filhos. Todos os dados foram analisados utilizando R. Durante o período analisado, foram registrados 331.924 nascimentos vivos no Ceará, dos quais 21.667 (6,53%) eram de mães com idade igual ou inferior a 17 anos. A idade média das mães adolescentes foi de 15,93 ± 1,11 anos, enquanto a média para as mães adultas foi de 28,00 ± 6,21 anos, evidenciando uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (Teste-t de Student, P < 0,05). A análise também revelou uma diferença significativa entre a idade dos pais de crianças nascidas de mães adolescentes (22,25 ± 5,72 anos) em comparação à idade dos pais de crianças nascidas de mães adultas (32,45 ± 7,81 anos) (Figura 3, Teste-T, P < 0,05). No que se refere à etnia, adolescentes indígenas representaram 9,95% dos casos de gravidez, seguidas pelas adolescentes pardas (7,26%) e pretas (5,9%). A menor proporção foi observada entre adolescentes brancas (4,43%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos indígenas, pardas, pretas e a população amarela. Quanto ao estado civil, 71% das adolescentes se declararam solteiras. A análise educacional demonstrou uma tendência significativa de gravidez entre adolescentes com Ensino Fundamental II incompleto, completo, ou Ensino Médio incompleto, indicando que essas jovens ainda estavam em fase de conclusão desses ciclos escolares. Não foi observada uma relação significativa entre a redução da idade materna e a diminuição do escore APGAR em recém-nascidos (APGAR = 0,014 × “IDADE DA MÃE” + 8,5; P < 0,05, R² = 0,0004). Além disso, não houve diferença significativa na proporção de anomalias congênitas entre os nascimentos de mães adolescentes e adultas.

El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema significativo de salud pública en Brasil, que contribuye a altas tasas de morbimortalidad entre las mujeres jóvenes. Durante el embarazo, muchas adolescentes abandonan la escuela y el trabajo, lo que resulta en menor calificación y mayor vulnerabilidad en el mercado laboral informal. Además, las adolescentes embarazadas enfrentan mayores riesgos de complicaciones gestacionales y desafíos emocionales, como ansiedad y depresión. La pandemia exacerbó estas vulnerabilidades, especialmente en relación con el abuso doméstico, debido al aislamiento social. Este estudio se justifica por la necesidad de comprender el perfil demográfico y las características de las madres adolescentes en Ceará entre 2020 y 2022, ofreciendo apoyo para políticas públicas que busquen mejorar la calidad de vida de estas jóvenes y sus hijos. Todos los datos fueron analizados utilizando R. Durante el período analizado, se registraron 331.924 nacimientos vivos en Ceará, de los cuales 21.667 (6,53%) eran de madres de 17 años o menos. La edad promedio de las madres adolescentes fue de 15,93 ± 1,11 años, mientras que la media para las madres adultas fue de 28,00 ± 6,21 años, evidenciando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (Prueba t de Student, P < 0,05). El análisis también reveló una diferencia significativa entre la edad de los padres de niños nacidos de madres adolescentes (22,25 ± 5,72 años) en comparación con la edad de los padres de niños nacidos de madres adultas (32,45 ± 7,81 años) (Prueba de Wilcoxon, P < 0,05). En cuanto a la etnia, las adolescentes indígenas representaron el 9,95% de los casos de embarazo, seguidas por las adolescentes mestizas (7,26%) y negras (5,9%). La menor proporción se observó entre las adolescentes blancas (4,43%). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos indígenas, mestizas, negras y la población amarilla. En cuanto al estado civil, el 71% de las adolescentes se declararon solteras. El análisis educativo demostró una tendencia significativa de embarazo entre adolescentes con secundaria incompleta o completa, o educación media incompleta, lo que indica que estas jóvenes aún estaban en proceso de completar estos niveles educativos. No se observó una relación significativa entre la disminución de la edad materna y la reducción de la puntuación APGAR en los recién nacidos (APGAR = 0,014 × "EDAD DE LA MADRE" + 8,5; P < 0,05, R² = 0,0004). Además, no hubo diferencia significativa en la proporción de anomalías congénitas entre los nacimientos de madres adolescentes y adultas.

Adolescent pregnancy is a significant public health issue in Brazil, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates among young women. During pregnancy, many adolescents drop out of school and work, leading to lower qualifications and increased vulnerability to the informal labor market. Moreover, pregnant adolescents face higher risks of gestational complications and emotional challenges, such as anxiety and depression. The pandemic exacerbated these vulnerabilities, particularly concerning domestic abuse, due to social isolation. This study is justified by the need to understand the demographic profile and characteristics of adolescent mothers in Ceará between 2020 and 2022, providing support for public policies aimed at improving the quality of life for these young women and their children. All data were analyzed using R. During the analyzed period, 331,924 live births were recorded in Ceará, of which 21,667 (6.53%) were from mothers aged 17 years or younger. The average age of adolescent mothers was 15.93 ± 1.11 years, while the average for adult mothers was 28.00 ± 6.21 years, showing a statistically significant difference (Student's t-test, P < 0.05). The analysis also revealed a significant difference between the age of fathers of children born to adolescent mothers (22.25 ± 5.72 years) compared to the age of fathers of children born to adult mothers (32.45 ± 7.81 years) (Wicoxon test, P < 0.05). Regarding ethnicity, indigenous adolescents accounted for 9.95% of pregnancy cases, followed by brown (7.26%) and black (5.9%) adolescents. The lowest proportion was observed among white adolescents (4.43%). There was no statistically significant difference among indigenous, mixed-race, black, and yellow populations. Concerning marital status, 71% of adolescents declared themselves single. Educational analysis showed a significant trend of pregnancy among adolescents with incomplete or complete middle school or incomplete high school education, indicating that these young women were still in the process of completing these educational levels. There was no significant relationship between decreasing maternal age and a reduction in newborns' APGAR scores (APGAR = 0.014 × "MOTHER'S AGE" + 8.5; P < 0.05, R² = 0.0004). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the proportion of congenital anomalies between births of adolescent and adult mothers.

Stuttering, the repetition of voice, syllable or sentence, is a speech and social communication disorder that negatively affects the fluency of speech. Students who stutter are often socially isolated in school, and also experience high anxiety and communication difficulty at different levels. With the study reported on here we investigated teachers' opinions about the difficulties they experience when supporting students who stutter, and how educational regulations are implemented. In this descriptive study the qualitative research method was employed. This method enables an in-depth investigation of participants' opinions and thoughts. Interview notes and observation data were analysed using descriptive and document analysis. Teachers' opinions are described along 4 main themes, namely recognition and intervention, providing cooperation, in-class communication environment, and academic support. The findings in the study show that teachers and peers have a great influence on stuttering children's access to quality education and their social acceptance.

ABSTRACT This systematic review provides information on the influence of physical activity on adolescent self-esteem. The objective was to learn about the influence of physical activity on adolescent self-esteem through a systematic review from 20l6 to 2021. Contributing to their social development, as it expresses and fosters confidence in their methodology is the systematic review of articles found in the Ebsco, Scielo and Scopus databases. Sixty-five articles were reviewed, and finally after an exhaustive filter, 15 studies were selected. The results show that physical activity influences self-esteem when interacting and integrating with society. The adolescent, by turning physical activity into a habit, can control anxiety and depression, adopting a healthy behavior that allows him/her to have a better school performance and a better quality of life. These results are important because they show how physical activity influences the self-esteem of adolescents.

RESUMEN La presente revisión sistemática, permite conocer sobre la influencia de la actividad física en la autoestima del adolescente. Se planteó como objetivo conocer la influencia de la actividad física en la autoestima del adolescente mediante, una revisión sistemática entre los años del 20l6 al 2021. Contribuyendo en su desarrollo social, ya que expresa y fomenta la confianza en su metodología es la revisión sistemática de artículos encontrados en la base de datos de Ebsco, Scielo y Scopus. Se revisaron 65 artículos, y finalmente luego de un exhaustivo filtro se seleccionaron 15 estudios. Los resultados reflejan, que la actividad física influye en la autoestima misma al interactuar e integrarse con la sociedad. El adolescente, al convertir en hábito la actividad física, puede controlar la ansiedad, la depresión adoptando un comportamiento saludable que le permita tener un mejor rendimiento escolar y una mejor calidad de vida. Estos resultados son importantes porque permite conocer como la actividad física influye en la autoestima del adolescente.

ABSTRACT Introduction Healthcare workers are exposed to many psychosocial risk factors. These have consequences at an individual and organizational level. Occupational health psychology applies the principles of psychology to the protection and promotion of workers' health and well-being. Here, it can act at the organizational level, with interventions that improve the working environment, and at the individual level, providing individuals with resources to deal with different types of settings. It was in this context that the occupational health service of a Lisbon hospital center decided to incorporate a psychologist into its team. Objective To describe a sample of health professionals referred for a psychology consultation, looking to generate hypotheses about characteristics that may constitute risk factors for needing this support. Methodology This is a descriptive study in which the sample corresponds to the group of workers that was referred to psychology, over seven months. The following symptoms were assessed: depressed mood, thoughts of death, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. All the data came from the clinical records of the psychologist and the occupational medicine physician, obtained through a clinical interview, and were previously anonymized. Results A total of 47 workers were followed in psychology appointments, corresponding to 1% of the hospital's population. The most prevalent professional group in the sample was operational assistants. Most of the workers reported having a previous diagnosis of psychopathology and 55% were still medicated. Only 15% of the workers identified work as a determining factor in their symptoms. Discussion There was a higher proportion of women compared to the overall population of the hospital, a finding that could be related to a greater risk inherent in the expectations imposed by society regarding the role of women as caregivers and the accumulation of functions in the social/family sphere. The "doctors" professional group is absent from the sample, hypothetically due to their lower attendance at occupational medicine consultations or the possible protection afforded to higher levels of education. Conclusions Contrary to the existing evidence, in this sample of health professionals from a hospital center in Lisbon, work was not the preponderant factor for the appearance of adverse health effects and determining follow-up in psychology consultations. In the future, the relationship between gender, educational level and professional group and increased risk of psychopathology should be tested more robustly.

RESUMO Introdução Os profissionais de saúde estão expostos a um elevado número de fatores de risco psicossociais. Estes têm consequências a nível individual e organizacional. A psicologia da saúde ocupacional aplica princípios da psicologia na proteção e promoção da saúde e bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Neste âmbito, pode atuar a nível da organização, com intervenções que melhorem o ambiente de trabalho, e a nível individual, dotando os indivíduos de recursos para lidar com diferentes tipos de ambientes. Foi neste contexto que um serviço de saúde ocupacional de um centro hospitalar de Lisboa decidiu integrar na sua equipa um psicólogo. Objetivo Descrever uma amostra de profissionais de saúde referenciados à consulta de psicologia, com vista a gerar hipóteses quanto a características que possam constituir fatores de risco para carecer desse apoio. Metodologia Trata-se de um estudo descritivo em que a amostra corresponde ao grupo de trabalhadores referenciado à consulta de psicologia ao longo de sete meses. Foram avaliados os sintomas humor deprimido, pensamentos de morte, ansiedade e alterações do sono. Todos os dados provêm dos registos clínicos do psicólogo e do médico do trabalho, obtidos através de entrevista clínica, tendo sido previamente anonimizados. Resultados Foram acompanhados em consulta de psicologia 47 trabalhadores, correspondendo a 1% da população do centro hospitalar. O grupo profissional mais prevalente na amostra foram os assistentes operacionais. A maioria dos trabalhadores referia já ter um diagnóstico prévio de psicopatologia e 55% mantinham-se medicados. Apenas 15% dos trabalhadores identificavam o trabalho como fator determinante na sintomatologia. Discussão Verificou-se uma maior proporção do sexo feminino, em relação com a população global do centro hospitalar, um achado que poderá relacionar-se com um maior risco inerente às expectativas impostas pela sociedade relativamente ao papel da mulher como cuidadora e o acúmulo de funções na esfera social/familiar. Está ausente da amostra o grupo profissional “médicos”, hipoteticamente por uma menor afluência destes às consultas de medicina do trabalho ou eventual proteção conferida a níveis educacionais mais altos. Conclusões Ao contrário da evidência existente, nesta amostra de profissionais de saúde de um centro hospitalar de lisboa, o trabalho não foi o fator preponderante para o aparecimento de efeitos adversos na saúde e a determinar o seguimento em consulta de psicologia. No futuro, deve ser testada de forma mais robusta a relação entre género, nível educacional e grupo profissional e aumento do risco de psicopatologia.

Resumo Introdução: O aborto espontâneo é muito comum e o seu impacto nas famílias, na sociedade e nos serviços de saúde é comprovado, mas subestimado. Este relato de caso pretende realçar a importância do acompanhamento após um aborto espontâneo, no luto, nos sintomas psicológicos associados à perda gestacional e na orientação holística do casal. Descrição do caso: Mulher de 37 anos, natural do Nepal, engravida espontaneamente após múltiplas tentativas sem sucesso. Sofre um aborto espontâneo às 10 semanas de gestação e é avaliada pela sua equipa de família, manifestando sentimentos de tristeza, solidão, ansiedade e medo, e desorientação face aos cuidados necessários. O acompanhamento centrou-se no esclarecimento de dúvidas e mitos, no reconhecimento dos sentimentos do casal, na exploração das formas de expressão do luto na cultura de origem, nos ensinos para estimular mudanças de comportamentos e na capacitação para o planeamento de uma nova gravidez. Comentário: Não existem intervenções farmacológicas eficazes para prevenir o aborto espontâneo; contudo, é uma oportunidade para intervir na adoção de hábitos de vida mais saudáveis. Apesar de frequentes, as consequências psicológicas e a psicopatologia associadas ao aborto espontâneo são muitas vezes esquecidas. A experiência do luto é individual e não se baseia necessariamente na idade gestacional, no nível socioeconómico ou educacional, ou no número de perdas ou de filhos vivos. Lidar com este caso exige à medicina geral e familiar avaliar a gestão do luto e o bem-estar físico e mental, despistando psicopatologia e acompanhando o planeamento de uma gravidez futura, atuando em cuidados transculturais e na dimensão social e familiar de cada um.

Abstract Introduction: Miscarriages are common and their impact on families, societies, and health services are proven, but yet underestimated. This case report intends to highlight the importance of follow-up after a miscarriage, especially concerning grief, psychological symptoms associated with pregnancy loss, and the holistic approach to the couple. Case report: A 37-year-old woman from Nepal becomes pregnant spontaneously after multiple unsuccessful attempts. She suffers a miscarriage at 10 weeks of gestation and she is seen by her family doctor and nurse. She expresses feelings of sadness, loneliness, anxiety and fear, and confusion regarding the follow-up care. The process of care focused on clarifying doubts and myths, recognizing the couple's feelings, exploring ways of expressing grief in their culture, encouraging changes in behavior, and helping to plan a new pregnancy. Discussion: There are no effective pharmacological interventions to prevent miscarriage, despite being an opportunity to promote the adoption of healthier lifestyle habits. Although frequent, the psychological consequences and psychopathology associated with miscarriage are often overlooked. The experience of bereavement is individual and it is not necessarily related to gestational age, socioeconomic or educational background, or the number of losses or living children. Dealing with a case of miscarriage requires family physicians to assess grief management and physical and mental well-being, screening for psychopathology and following the planning of a future pregnancy, acting on cross-cultural care and social and family dimensions of each person.

RESUMEN Introducción: el aislamiento social es un fenómeno complejo y multidimensional que afecta la vida de las personas, fomenta la desigualdad y afecta la dignidad y la identidad personal y social. Objetivo: describir particulares de adultos mayores hospitalizados con aislamiento social. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” durante el período de 2017 a 2020. La población fue de 44 adultos mayores con aislamiento social atendidos en el Servicio de Geriatría. Se emplearon la observación, la entrevista, el análisis documental de historias clínicas y el Instrumento evaluativo social-gerontológico en la recolección del dato. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: del total de pacientes el 68,2% fueron hombres, alrededor del 50% se agrupó en los grupos de edades entre 65 y 69 y 75 y 79 años, el 72,7% no tenía institucionalización previa, el 27,3% sufrió depresión y el 13,6% ansiedad, el 72,7% no complicó su estado de salud y su recuperación fue lenta y se registró un 68,2% de adultos con hijos. Fueron identificadas como causas de aislamiento la emigración familiar (22,7%), los hábitos tóxicos (18,3%) y los problemas de la vivienda (13,6%). Conclusiones: predominaron el sexo masculino y los grupos de edades de entre 65 y 69 y 75 y 79 años, hubo asociación entre el sexo masculino y la institucionalización y la presencia de complicaciones y la recuperación lenta del estado de salud. La emigración familiar, los hábitos tóxicos y las enfermedades invalidantes fueron las causas del aislamiento y la depresión la consecuencia más frecuente en ambos sexos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: social isolation is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that affects people's lives, promotes inequality and affects dignity and personal and social identity. Objective: to describe characteristics of hospitalized older adults with social isolation. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the “Arnaldo Milián Castro” Hospital during the period from 2017 to 2020. The population was 44 older adults with social isolation treated in the Geriatrics Service. Observation, interviews, documentary analysis of medical records and the social-gerontological evaluation instrument were used in data collection. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential. Results: of the total patients, 68.2% were men, around 50% were grouped in the age groups between 65 and 69 and 75 and 79 years, 72.7% had no previous institutionalization, 27.3% suffered depression and 13.6% anxiety, 72.7% did not complicate their health status and their recovery was slow and 68.2% of adults with children were recorded. Family emigration (22.7%), toxic habits (18.3%) and housing problems (13.6%) were identified as causes of isolation. Conclusions: the male sex and the age groups between 65 and 69 and 75 and 79 years predominated, there was an association between the male sex and institutionalization and the presence of complications and slow recovery of health status. Family emigration, toxic habits and disabling diseases were the causes of isolation and depression was the most frequent consequence in both sexes.

Abstract Introduction/objective: Although social distancing measures affect adults, they have caused greater negative impacts in adolescents, especially for not being able to interact with peers at school. The study aimed to investigate the scientific production regarding psychosocial clinical mental health interventions with adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The search was carried out in the Embase, PsycNET, Pubmed, Scopus, and Scielo databases, covering the period from 2020 to 2023. Sixteen articles that met the pre-established inclusion criteria were analysed. Results: Regarding the psychological risk factors that the interventions sought to reduce, it was found that depression 50% (n = 8) and anxiety 43.7% (n = 7) were the most frequently selected outcomes in the studies. The interventions also sought to improve protective psychological factors (n = 9) such as resilience, coping, quality of life, well-being and emotional intelligence. Conclusions: It was possible to verify that several therapeutic methods can promote the mental health of adolescents in periods of social isolation, the main one according to the evidence, being mindfulness.

Resumo Introdução/Objetivo: Embora afete adultos, as medidas de distanciamento social causaram maiores impactos negativos em adolescentes, especialmente por não poderem interagir com seus colegas na escola. O presente estudo objetivou investigar a produção científica referente às intervenções psicossociais clínicas de saúde mental com adolescentes durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Embase, PsycNET, Pubmed, Scopus and Scielo, sendo definido o período de 2020 a 2023. Dezesseis artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão pré-estabelecidos. Resultados: Em relação aos fatores de risco psicológicos que as intervenções procuraram reduzir, constatou-se que a depressão 50% (n = 8) e a ansiedade 43,7% (n = 7) foram os desfechos mais frequentemente selecionados nos estudos. As intervenções também procuraram melhorar os fatores psicológicos protetivos (n = 9), tais como resiliência, coping, qualidade de vida, bem-estar e inteligência emocional. Conclusão: Foi possível verificar que diversos métodos terapeuticos podem favorecer a saúde mental de adolescentes em períodos de isolamento social, sendo, pelas evidências, a principal delas, o mindfulness.

Resumo: No século XX nasce o robô, um símbolo de tecnologia, inovação e futuro. A Revolução Industrial nos deixou de herança a obsessão pela automação de processos, mas também o medo da perda de empregos substituídos por robôs e o medo de que a tecnologia e as máquinas controlem o destino dos seres humanos. Sob essa perspectiva, o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como a empresa telefônica Ericsson, no início do século XX, procurou se posicionar perante o público mexicano apresentando a figura de um robô. Os achados são mostrados em dois anúncios de imprensa publicados em 1932, nos quais o robô enfatiza o automático, promovendo a substituição do serviço manual, mas também destaca a segurança do serviço para dissipar o medo em relação às máquinas. Além disso, procura posicionar a tecnologia como um artigo de luxo, declarando assim que, por meio do serviço telefônico da Ericsson, a distinção social poderia ser alcançada na sociedade mexicana pós-revolucionária

Resumen: En el siglo XX nace el robot, símbolo de la tecnología, la innovación y el futuro. La Revolución Industrial nos heredó la obsesión por la automatización de procesos, pero también el miedo a la pérdida de empleos sustituidos por robots, y el miedo a que la tecnología y las máquinas controlen el destino de los humanos. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la compañía telefónica Ericsson, a principios del siglo XX, buscaba posicionarse en el público mexicano presentando la figura de un robot. Los hallazgos se muestran en dos anuncios de prensa publicados en 1932 en los que el robot enfatiza lo automático, promoviendo la sustitución del servicio manual, pero también resalta lo seguro que era el servicio para disipar los miedos a las máquinas. Además, persigue posicionar la tecnología como un artículo de lujo, declarando así que, a través del servicio de Teléfonos Ericsson, se podía conseguir distinción social en la sociedad mexicana postrevolucionaria

Abstract: In the 20th century, the robot emerged as a symbol of technology, innovation, and the future. The Industrial Revolution left us with a legacy of obsession with process automation, but also with the fear of jobs being replaced by robots and the anxiety that technology and machines might control humanity’s fate. From this perspective, the aim of this article is to show how the Ericsson telephone company, in the early 20th century, sought to establish its presence among the Mexican public by introducing the figure of a robot. The findings are based on two newspaper ads published in 1932, in which the robot emphasizes automation, promoting the replacement of manual services, while also highlighting the safety of the service to dispel fears about machines. Additionally, the ads aimed to position technology as a luxury item, suggesting that through Ericsson’s telephone services, social distinction could be achieved in post-revolutionary Mexican society

Abstract: Given the current social distance restrictions across the world, most individuals now use social media as their major medium of communication. Due to this, millions of people suffering from mental diseases have been isolated, and they are unable to get help in person. They have become more reliant on online venues to express themselves and seek advice on dealing with their mental disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 450 million people are affected. Mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, etc., are immensely common and have affected an individual’s physical health. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods have been presented to help mental health providers, including psychiatrists and psychologists, in decision-making based on patients’ authentic information (e.g., medical records, behavioral data, social media utilization, etc.). AI innovations have demonstrated predominant execution in numerous real-world applications, broadening from computer vision to healthcare. This study analyzed unstructured user data on the Reddit platform and classified five common mental illnesses: depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and PTSD. In this paper, we proposed a Transformer model with late fusion methods to combine the two texts (title and post) of the dataset into the model to detect the mental disorders of individuals. We compared the proposed models with traditional machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning multi-class models. Our proposed Transformer model with the late fusion method outperformed (F1 score = 89.65) the state-of-the-art performance (F1 score = 89 [35]). This effort will benefit the public health system by automating the detection process and informing the appropriate authorities about people who need emergency assistance.