Resumen: La investigación determinó el efecto de la mediación de un videojuego educativo en el fortalecimiento de la resolución de problemas de matemáticas. El método cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo fue aplicado. La muestra fue no probabilística con 20 estudiantes de la Institución Educativa San Jorge, en la vereda Las Damas, Municipio de Purificación, Departamento de Tolima. Las variables estudiadas fueron: desempeño en resolución de problemas, mecánicas y percepción del videojuego. La encuesta inicial reflejó que un 90% no poseían habilidades matemáticas básicas y tenían una percepción negativa del área. Entonces, fue diseñada una estrategia educativa con un videojuego denominado Corredor Matemático de Pensamiento Variacional (Comapeva), en tercera persona con Unity 3D, Adobe Ilustrator y Autodesk 3d. Fue protagonizado por Comaco: joven aventurero que superó retos matemáticos. El guion narrativo combinó elementos del constructivismo, Aprendizaje Basado en Retos (ABR) y modelo instruccional ADDIE (Análisis, Diseño, Desarrollo, Implementación y Evaluación). La herramienta fue implementada con el apoyo de los docentes. Con el videojuego el 100% de los estudiantes resolvieron retos con diversas estrategias. Disminuyó un 21% el tiempo de desarrollo de los problemas, y un 33% las solicitudes de apoyo del docente. La concentración, atención, memoria, agilidad mental, interpretación y análisis fueron fortalecidas. El videojuego facilitó la construcción de conocimientos en matemáticas de forma sustancial. En consecuencia, fue innovador, motivador y permitió la trasformación de prácticas educativas según las necesidades de aprendizaje.

Abstract: The research considers the effect of the mediation of an educational video game in strengthening mathematics problem solving. The quantitative method with a descriptive scope was applied. The sample was non-probabilistic with 20 students from the San Jorge Educational Institution, in Las Damas village, Municipality of Purificación, Department of Tolima. The variables studied were problem-solving performance, game mechanics, and videogame perception. The initial survey showed that 90% of the students did not have basic mathematical skills and had a negative perception of the subject area. Therefore, an educational strategy was then designed using a video game called the Variational Thinking Mathematical Corridor (Comapeva). The game was developed in third person using Unity 3D, Adobe Illustrator, and Autodesk 3d. It starred Comaco: a young adventurer who overcame mathematical challenges. The narrative script combined elements of constructivism, Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) and instructional model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The tool was implemented with the support of the teachers. With the video game, 100% of the students were able to solve challenges using various strategies. Problem development time decreased by 21%, and teacher support requests decreased by 33%. Concentration, attention, memory, mental agility, interpretation, and analysis skills were all strengthened. The video game facilitated the construction of knowledge in mathematics in a substantial way. Consequently, the video game was found to be innovative and motivating, and it allowed for the transformation of educational practices according to the students' learning needs.

ABSTRACT The improvement of the professional training process is a current need in all university courses, which includes Physical Culture; from this context, the eminently pedagogical nature of this professional profile is declared in the Study Plan, so it is necessary to prepare students in professional pedagogical skills, starting from the management process. To delve deeper into the topic, a research was carried out with the aim of developing strategic actions for the management of professional pedagogical skills in second-year students of the Bachelor's degree in Physical Culture, at the University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences. "Manuel Fajardo." In the development of the study there were used scientific methods of the theoretical level such as analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods; of the empirical level, observation, interview, surveys, documentary analysis, expert judgment and user judgment and of the statistician-mathematician, empirical frequency distributions. The results of the diagnosis made it possible to detect insufficiencies in the management process with respect to the development of professional pedagogical skills, so strategic actions were developed that were theoretically validated by the experts, who classified them as very appropriate and this same category was assigned by users to denote the feasibility of its implementation. After the application of the strategic actions, higher levels of development of professional pedagogical skills were evident in the sample studied.

RESUMO A melhoria do processo de formação profissional é uma necessidade atual em todos os cursos universitários, o que inclui Cultura Física; A partir deste contexto, a natureza eminentemente pedagógica deste perfil profissional é declarada no Plano de Estudos, pelo que é necessário preparar os alunos em competências pedagógicas profissionais, a partir do processo de gestão. Para aprofundar o tema, foi realizada uma investigação com o objetivo de desenvolver ações estratégicas para a gestão das competências pedagógicas profissionais em alunos do segundo ano do curso de Licenciatura em Cultura Física, da Universidade de Cultura Física e Ciências do Desporto”. Manoel Fajardo." No desenvolvimento do estudo foram utilizados métodos científicos de nível teórico, como analítico-sintético e indutivo-dedutivo; no nível empírico, observação, entrevista, levantamentos, análise documental, avaliação de especialistas e avaliação de usuários; do estatístico-matemático, distribuições de frequência empíricas. Os resultados do diagnóstico permitiram detectar insuficiências no processo de gestão no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de competências pedagógicas profissionais, pelo que foram desenvolvidas ações estratégicas que foram validadas teoricamente pelos especialistas, que as classificaram como muito adequadas e esta mesma categoria foi atribuída pelos usuários para denotar a viabilidade de sua implementação. Após a aplicação das ações estratégicas, ficaram evidentes níveis mais elevados de desenvolvimento de competências pedagógicas profissionais na amostra estudada.

RESUMEN El perfeccionamiento del proceso de formación de profesionales es una necesidad actual en todas las carreras universitarias, en la que se incluye la Cultura Física; desde este contexto, se declara en el Plan de estudio el carácter eminentemente pedagógico de este perfil profesional, por lo que es necesario preparar a los estudiantes en habilidades profesionales pedagógicas, a partir del proceso de gestión. Para ahondar en la temática, se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de elaborar acciones estratégicas para la gestión de habilidades profesionales pedagógicas en estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera Licenciatura en Cultura Física, en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte “Manuel Fajardo”. En el desarrollo del estudio, se emplearon métodos científicos del nivel teórico como el analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; del nivel empírico, la observación, entrevista, encuestas, análisis documental, criterio de expertos y criterio de usuarios; del estadístico-matemático, distribuciones empíricas de frecuencias. Los resultados del diagnóstico permitieron detectar insuficiencias en el proceso de gestión con respecto al desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales pedagógicas, por lo que se elaboraron acciones estratégicas que fueron validadas teóricamente por los expertos, quienes las calificaron de muy adecuadas y esta misma categoría fue asignada por los usuarios para denotar la factibilidad de su implementación. Luego de la aplicación de las acciones estratégicas, se evidenciaron niveles superiores de desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales pedagógicas en la muestra estudiada.

Abstract This paper employs a panel data model to study the impact of six key variables, three of them directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, on Mexican manufacturing exports. The panel comprises the 21 manufacturing subsectors and monthly data during the January 2020-December 2022 period. Moreover, the model specification entails supply- as well as demand-side variables. The two estimation techniques are ordinary least squares and two- stage least squares. The second estimation procedure corrects for endogeneity problems and is complemented by remedial measures to achieve more efficient parameter estimates. Along these lines, the evidence is robust in showing that manufacturing exports respond positively to an increase in external demand, a real currency depreciation, a drop in unit labor costs (ULC), a wider coverage of vaccination campaigns, and a relaxation of social distancing measures. Given that ULC fall as labor productivity rises, there is a valid rationale to conclude that investing in high- quality formal education, training and skill development could be an effective measure to raise exports. Likewise, the effects of the vaccination efforts highlights the relevance of coordinating economic policy with health policy.

Resumen En este trabajo se emplea un modelo de datos en panel para estudiar el impacto de seis variables clave, tres de ellas relacionadas con la pandemia del COVID-19, sobre las exportaciones manufactureras mexicanas. El panel comprende los 21 subsectores de la industria manufacturera y observaciones mensuales para el período enero de 2020 - diciembre de 2022. Para estimar el modelo, que incluye tanto variables de demanda como de oferta, se utilizan dos métodos: mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas. El segundo método corrige problemas de endogeneidad y se complementa con medidas para acrecentar la eficiencia. La evidencia obtenida indica que las exportaciones manufactureras responden positivamente frente a un incremento en la demanda externa, una depreciación real del peso, un descenso en los costos laborales unitarios (CLU), una mayor cobertura de los programas de vacunación, y un relajamiento de las medidas de distanciamiento social. Dado que los CLU descienden conforme aumenta la productividad laboral, procede concluir que una mayor inversión en educación formal de calidad, en capacitación y adiestramiento es una medida efectiva para exportar más. Asimismo, los efectos de los esfuerzos de vacunación subrayan la importancia de coordinar la política económica con la política de salud.

Abstract Written production is one of the most concerning issues regarding the skill development of the student population at all levels. However, research on related topics, both in student writing samples and in other samples of written and spoken language, remains limited and has little or no impact on the didactics and assessment of this skill in teaching practice. Therefore, it is relevant to review the studies currently conducted in the country, based on the publications of this century, to answer the question of how academic writing has continued to be approached in Costa Rica and determine if there are any changes with respect to the situation of the previous century. At the same time, this systematic review of academic sources enables an analysis of their approaches, objectives, proposals, and conclusions. The 21st century represents a paradigm shift, as Carlos Sanchez takes up the proposals of Rodino, Ross, and Vincenzi, who were the only authors offering a nontraditional vision in the last century. Since then, the contribution of most of the new researchers has followed the direction of these pioneers, which augurs a promising future for academic production and, hopefully, for the teaching of writing in Costa Rica. These studies indicate a pressing need to change how this subject is taught in this country.

Resumen La expresión escrita es uno de los temas más preocupantes en relación con el desarrollo de habilidades de la población estudiantil de todos los niveles. A pesar de ello, la investigación sobre temas afines, tanto entre muestras de escritura de estudiantes como en otras muestras de lengua escrita y oral, es escasa, y tiene un impacto mínimo o nulo en la didáctica y la evaluación de esta habilidad en la práctica docente. De ahí que resulte pertinente revisar los estudios llevados a cabo en el país, a partir de las publicaciones realizadas en el presente siglo, con el fin de resolver la pregunta de cómo se ha seguido abordando el tema de la escritura académica en Costa Rica y determinar si existen cambios con respecto a la situación del siglo anterior. A la vez, esta revisión sistemática de las fuentes académicas permite hacer un análisis en cuanto a sus enfoques, objetivos, propuestas y conclusiones. El siglo XXI representa un giro de paradigma, con Carlos Sánchez, quien retoma las propuestas de Rodino, Ross y Vincenzi, únicos autores que mostraron una visión no tradicional en el siglo anterior. A partir de entonces, el aporte de la mayoría de los nuevos investigadores sigue la línea de estos pioneros, lo cual augura un futuro promisorio para la producción académica y, ojalá, de la didáctica de la escritura en Costa Rica. Los estudios realizados demuestran que es urgente un cambio en la enseñanza de este tema en nuestro país.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este artículo centra como propósito fundamental esclarecer la relación entre el desarrollo cognitivo y la actitud de los estudiantes universitarios ante el aborto. El desarrollo cognitivo es la implementación de habilidades de procesamiento de información que nos permiten adaptarnos al medio, su nivel define nuestra inteligencia. El rendimiento académico ha sido asociado a esta última, cuando en realidad lo que mide es el nivel de integración de un sujeto a un sistema educativo. Este sistema educativo puede ser defectuoso o, peor aún, puede estar idiologizado. Por su parte, el aborto es una materia ideologizada que ha sido justificada desde perspectivas reduccionistas y simplistas que están presentes cada vez más en los sistemas educativos. Métodos: La investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, transversal y con alcance correlacional y cuasi-experimental. El rendimiento académico se midió a partir del resultado de la nota de grado del bachillerato y la calificación universitaria promedio en la carrera universitaria. La medición del razonamiento abstracto fue realizada por medio del Test de Analogías Figurales (TAF) digitalizado (Blum, Galibert, Abal, Lozzia, y Attorresi, 2011). Para medir la actitud hacia el aborto, se utilizó la herramienta de Cucalón y Marcial (2017). Resultados: Se pudo establecer una relación significativa entre el rendimiento académico (como índice del nivel de integración al sistema educativo) y la actitud positiva hacia el aborto. El razonamiento abstracto, habilidad más representativa del desarrollo cognitivo humano, resultó ser la más débil de las calculadas. Conclusión: Se requiere una reflexión tanto sobre la calidad de nuestro sistema educativo como sobre su efecto ideologizante. La actitud hacia el aborto no correlaciona con el desarrollo cognitivo sino con la capacidad de adaptarse de un sujeto a un sistema educativo defectuoso. Por tanto, se concluye que la capacidad de ideologizarse es producto de la acción de este mismo sistema, lo cual representa una infinidad de nuevas reflexiones acerca de hacia dónde van nuestras sociedades y qué papel está desempeñando precisamente la Educación Superior institucionalizada en esta deriva.

ABSTRACT Objective: This paper aims at understanding the correlation of cognitive development and university students’ attitude toward abortion. Cognitive development is the implementation of information processing skills that allow us to adapt to the environment as an indicator of the individual intelligence. Academic achievement has been associated to intelligence rather than to the subject’s integrative ability to the local educative system. This system might be imperfect or ideologized. Though there are biases against abortion, it is commonly justified in educative systems from a reductionist perspective. Methods: The researcher follows a quantitative, transversal, correlational and cuasi-experimental approach. Final grades at senior high school and average grading at the university were used to assess academic achievement; abstract reasoning assessment was completed using Blum, Galibert, Abal, Lozzia, and Attorresi’s (2001) tool; whereas Cucalón and Marcial (2017) was used to explore students’ attitude towards abortion. Results: The findings show there is a significant relationship between academic performance at the university (as an index of the level of integration to the educational system) and the positive attitude towards abortion. Abstract reasoning, the most representative skill of human cognitive development, results the variable of lowest ranks. Conclusión: Educational authorities should reconsider the quality of the educational system and its ideologizing effect. The attitudes towards abortion do no correlates to cognitive development but to the individual capacity to adapt to the imperfect educative system. The author reaches at the conclusions that idelologizing capacity is a product of the own educative system, and calls the attention on the need of rethinking the targets of our society and higher education in the country.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo el diagnóstico del desarrollo de la habilidad profesional pedagógica dirección de la clase en los estudiantes que se forman como maestros en la escuela pedagógica Nicolás Guillén Batista. Métodos: Se empleó el estudio de los productos del proceso pedagógico, la entrevista al colectivo de docentes de las asignaturas de formación general, didácticas particulares, tutores y maestros en formación de la especialidad Maestros Primarios de la Escuela Pedagógica Nicolás Guillén Batista de Camagüey, y la observación a las actividades metodológicas con vistas a evaluar la formación del maestro primario para la dirección de la clase. Resultado: Determinación de las potencialidades y limitaciones en la formación y desarrollo de las habilidades para la dirección de la clase por parte de los maestros en formación. Conclusión: Se reconoce la necesidad de perfeccionar la preparación del maestro primario en la dirección de la clase y se destaca su papel en la solución a múltiples problemas profesionales.

ABSTRACT Objective: This paper aims at assessing the development of lesson management professional skill of teachers’ trainees at Nicolás Guillén Batista School of Education. Methods: The authoresses rely on the study of the products of the pedagogical activity, interviewing pedagogy and didactics teachers, tutors and teachers’ trainees at Nicolás Guillén Batista School of Education in Camagüey, and supervising methodological activities, focusing in lesson management assessment. Result: The main finding relates to identifying potentials and limitations of teachers’ trainees in developing lesson management professional skill. Conclusion: The authoresses arrived at the conclusion that the development of lesson management professional skill should be a focus of teacher trainees’ education.

This research explores the employability of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college graduates in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) era in South Africa. It examines the role of TVET lecturers in providing skills that are relevant to the contemporary period. The study uses qualitative research inspired by the interpretivist approach, and a purposive sampling strategy to get the perspectives of TVET lecturers and employers. It was observed that TVET lecturers play a minimal role in the development of the curriculum due to a rigid top-down approach from the Ministry of Higher Education. Companies are forming partnerships with TVET colleges by offering places for in-service training, practicals and internships. The study reveals that South African businesses have adopted 4IR-related technologies, requiring a skilled TVET force that is ready for these transformations. The findings highlight the need for regular curriculum transformation and the importance of TVET education in producing artisans, technologists and technicians that are vital for the South African economy on an ongoing basis.

The current business climate has been described as being volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA). This new world paradigm requires new skill sets. Professional bodies are responding to changes created by this new-world paradigm that university graduates will enter with revised competency frameworks that focus on business, digital, relational, and decision-making acumen (SAICA 2021b) and include both professional (i.e., non-technical) and technical skills. Historically, accounting departments that trained chartered accountants focused on developing technical competencies in students and did not have a tradition of research. Accounting departments are investigating various teaching initiatives or tools to help develop nontechnical skills in response to the changing work environment and to comply with the updated Competency Framework. Research projects, where students must formulate and investigate an unstructured question and present their findings, are used globally as a tool to develop professional competencies; however, there is limited application of research projects in the training of aspirant chartered accountants in South Africa. The 2020 cohort of postgraduate accounting students at a South African university provided a unique opportunity to investigate students' perceptions of professional skills competency development through a group research project as very few had prior experience in conducting research. This study documents students' perceptions of the use of the research project as a learning tool to develop specific professional competencies not traditionally taught and assessed. Although students found the research challenging, they believed that it supported the professional competency development required of future graduates that was not previously addressed appropriately.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution necessitates relevant initiatives to stay abreast. Higher education plays a pivotal role in providing nuanced opportunities for the future workforce and enabling students to address real-world problems in a complex world. Despite new developments, it is not clear how the Fourth Industrial Revolution will influence the educational sector. We followed a systematic review approach with the aim of providing a comprehensive view on crucial strategies and skills for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. We applied the processes of Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre as a guideline for conducting the systematic review and retrieved relevant articles published from 2017 to 2021. The results highlight that critical thinking is the most emphasised skill and student-centred teaching-learning strategies are essential for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and future demands. Implications for self-directed learning were also outlined.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to analyze the pressing challenges surrounding the contemporary labor training of schoolchildren. Central to this analysis is the recognition of the profound impact of technology on shaping the workforce's competencies. Then, it justifies the imperative need for cultivating personal, general professional competencies among schoolchildren, emphasizing the pivotal role such competencies play in navigating the complexities of the modern job market. To accomplish this the transformative role of educators in preparing students for modern work habits is of special relevance. We highlight that educators in addition to facilitating the learning process should be provocatory, so the benefits of open-ended questions as a pedagogical tool emerge for serving not only as knowledge transfer but also as critical thinking, problem-solving, and adaptability catalysts towards ever-evolving workforce demands. Considering the above, this research clarifies practical measures formal schooling must prioritize in an increasingly vocational skill-driven economy like Azerbaijan, where people require lifelong learning over one-time preparation.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los desafíos apremiantes que rodean la formación laboral contemporánea de los escolares. Un elemento central de este análisis es el reconocimiento del profundo impacto de la tecnología en la configuración de las competencias de la fuerza laboral. Entonces, se justifica la necesidad imperativa de cultivar competencias profesionales personales y generales entre los escolares, enfatizando el papel fundamental que desempeñan dichas competencias en la navegación por las complejidades del mercado laboral moderno. Para lograr esto, el papel transformador de los educadores al preparar a los estudiantes para los hábitos de trabajo modernos es de especial relevancia. Resaltamos que los educadores además de facilitar el proceso de aprendizaje deben ser provocadores, por lo que emergen los beneficios de las preguntas abiertas como herramienta pedagógica por servir no sólo como transferencia de conocimiento sino también como catalizadores del pensamiento crítico, la resolución de problemas y la adaptabilidad hacia un futuro cada vez más exitoso. demandas laborales en evolución. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, esta investigación aclara las medidas prácticas que la escolarización formal debe priorizar en una economía cada vez más impulsada por las habilidades vocacionales como la de Azerbaiyán, donde las personas requieren un aprendizaje permanente en lugar de una preparación única.

ABSTRACT Motor development during childhood is fundamental for acquiring advanced perceptual and cognitive skills, playing a pivotal role in personal development and skill acquisition later in life. This study aims to investigate differences in the motor skills of children between the ages of 3 to 5, based on their geographic location (urban or rural) and gender. A cohort of 94 Portuguese children between the ages of 3 and 5 years old (comprising 48 boys and 46 girls) were selected for a study. Data collection was conducted within 8 different schools, and motor skills were assessed utilizing the MOBAK-KG test. It was observed that children from urban areas outperformed those from rural areas in motor skills related to body and object control. On the contrary, girls' motor skills did not show significant differences according to their geographical location. Although the geographical environment influences children's motor development, other factors, such as socio-economic and cultural factors, may have a greater impact on girls. These findings emphasise the significance of focusing on the motor development of girls and examining how cultural and gender expectations can impact their motor skills. life 9 comprising 4 schools MOBAKKG MOBAK KG test control contrary childrens s factors socioeconomic socio economic

RESUMO O desenvolvimento motor durante a infância é fundamental para a aquisição de competências perceptivas e cognitivas avançadas, desempenhando um papel fulcral no desenvolvimento pessoal e na aquisição de competências mais tarde na vida. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as diferenças nas capacidades motoras de crianças entre os 3 e os 5 anos de idade, com base na sua localização geográfica (urbana ou rural) e género. Foi selecionada para o estudo uma coorte de 94 crianças portuguesas com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 5 anos (48 meninos e 46 meninas). A recolha de dados foi efectuada em 8 escolas diferentes e as capacidades motoras foram avaliadas utilizando o teste MOBAK-KG. Verificou-se que as crianças das zonas urbanas superavam as das zonas rurais nas capacidades motoras relacionadas com o controlo do corpo e dos objectos. Pelo contrário, as capacidades motoras das raparigas não apresentaram diferenças significativas em função da sua localização geográfica. Embora o ambiente geográfico influencie o desenvolvimento motor das crianças, outros factores, tais como os factores socioeconómicos e culturais, podem ter um maior impacto nas raparigas. Estes resultados sublinham a importância de nos concentrarmos no desenvolvimento motor das raparigas e de examinarmos a forma como as expectativas culturais e de género podem ter impacto nas suas capacidades motoras. avançadas vida idade urbana rural 9 48 (4 4 meninas. meninas . meninas) MOBAKKG. MOBAKKG MOBAK KG. KG MOBAK-KG Verificouse Verificou se objectos contrário (

ABSTRACT Introduction: medical training should provide the future professional, in addition to theoretical knowledge, general and specific skills. In urology, urogenital training simulators have been presented as an ally in improving the degree of confidence and development of competencies for undergraduate medical students. Methods: exploratory descriptive research with a quantitative approach, of an experimental nature, of the randomized controlled type with cross-sectional cut. Conducted with the students of the 4th year of medicine of a Higher Education Institution in the West of Paraná. Results: 91 students attended a theoretical class with a complete explanation of the activities to be performed and answered the initial questionnaire about the degree of confidence to perform tasks in three stations with male urogenital training simulators (prostatic touch, bladder catheterization and scrotal evaluation). Of these, 45 received guidance and training with the simulators prior to the stations, while 46 should demonstrate skills directly in the three stations, mimicking patient care, only with information from the theoretical classes. The students who received previous guidance with the simulators had their scores in the development of competence higher. And, when they repeated the questionnaire about the degree of confidence to demonstrate skills with the mannequins, there was a higher degree of confidence in performing the tasks, except for the execution of a task considered more difficult. Conclusion: there was an improvement in the degree of confidence and in the development of competencies of undergraduate medical students with the orientations in the male urogenital training simulators. Introduction professional knowledge urology Methods approach nature crosssectional cross sectional cut th Paraná Results 9 prostatic touch evaluation. evaluation . evaluation) these 4 care classes And mannequins difficult Conclusion

RESUMO Introdução: a formação médica deve fornecer ao futuro profissional, além de conhecimentos teóricos, habilidades gerais e específicas. Na urologia, os simuladores de treinamento urogenital, têm se apresentado como aliado na melhora do grau de confiança e desenvolvimento de competências para estudantes de graduação em medicina. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, de natureza experimental, do tipo randomizado controlado com recorte transversal. Realizada com os estudantes do 4º ano de medicina de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior no Oeste do Paraná. Resultados: 91 estudantes assistiram a uma aula teórica com explanação completa das atividades a serem realizadas, e responderam ao questionário inicial sobre o grau de confiança para executar tarefas em três estações com simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino (toque prostático, cateterismo vesical e avaliação escrotal). Destes, 45 receberam orientações e treinamento junto aos simuladores previamente as estações, enquanto 46 deveriam demonstrar habilidades diretamente nas três estações, mimetizando o atendimento ao paciente, apenas com informações das aulas teóricas. Os estudantes que receberam orientação prévia junto aos simuladores, tiveram seus escores no desenvolvimento de competência mais elevados. E, ao repetirem o questionário sobre o grau de confiança para demonstrar habilidades junto aos manequins, houve maior grau de confiança em executar as tarefas, com exceção da execução de uma tarefa considerada mais difícil. Conclusão: houve melhora no grau de confiança e no desenvolvimento de competências dos estudantes de graduação em medicina com as orientações nos simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino. Introdução profissional teóricos específicas urologia Métodos descritiva quantitativa experimental transversal º Paraná Resultados 9 realizadas toque prostático escrotal. escrotal . escrotal) Destes 4 paciente teóricas elevados E manequins difícil Conclusão

Abstract: Chinese basic music education has always played an important role in cultivating students’ aesthetic taste and improving their cultural literacy. However, under the background of rapid social and economic development, and cultural diversification, basic music education is also facing new challenges and opportunities. In the past, music education generally paid attention to skill training and emphasized the inheritance of classic works, but the demand for music education in today’s society puts more emphasis on creativity, comprehensive quality and personality development. Therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study the current situation and development of basic music education in China and discuss the problems and prospects. Through in-depth research on the current situation of basic music education in China, we can comprehensively understand the main characteristics, existing problems, teachers, teaching materials, facilities and other aspects of current music education. This will help to reveal the bottlenecks and deficiencies in the education system and provide a basis for formulating more scientific and rational education policies. The policy of basic music education in China is being influenced by research on educational philosophy, particularly when it comes to providing theoretical and ideological support for the creation of new national curriculum standards for basic music education. It would have a significant effect on China’s fundamental musical education. Therefore, it is essential to carry out in-depth research on the state of play and the evolution of China’s fundamental educational concept for music. In recent years, Chinese basic music education has gradually paid attention to cultivating students’ creativity and comprehensive quality. Music is not only a skill, but also an art that helps cultivate students’ creative thinking and comprehensive development. Abstract students literacy However diversification opportunities past works todays today s Therefore prospects indepth depth characteristics teachers materials policies philosophy Chinas years

Resumen: La educación musical básica china siempre ha desempeñado un papel importante en el cultivo del gusto estético de los estudiantes y en la mejora de su alfabetización cultural. Sin embargo, en el contexto del rápido desarrollo social y económico y de la diversificación cultural, la educación musical básica también se enfrenta a nuevos retos y oportunidades. En el pasado, la educación musical generalmente prestaba atención a la formación de habilidades y hacía hincapié en la herencia de obras clásicas, pero la demanda de educación musical en la sociedad actual pone más énfasis en la creatividad, la calidad integral y el desarrollo de la personalidad. Por tal motivo, es de gran importancia práctica y teórica estudiar la situación actual y el desarrollo de la educación musical básica en China y debatir los problemas y las perspectivas. Con una investigación a profundidad sobre la situación actual de la educación musical básica en China, podemos comprender de forma exhaustiva las características principales, los problemas existentes, los profesores, los materiales didácticos, las instalaciones y otros aspectos de la educación musical actual. Esto ayudará a revelar los cuellos de botella y las deficiencias del sistema educativo y proporcionará una base para formular políticas educativas más científicas y racionales. La política de educación musical básica en China se está viendo influida por la investigación en filosofía de la educación, sobre todo a la hora de proporcionar apoyo teórico e ideológico a la creación de nuevos estándares curriculares nacionales para la educación musical básica. Esto tendría un efecto significativo en la educación musical básica de China. Por tal motivo, es esencial llevar a cabo una investigación en profundidad sobre el estado de la cuestión y la evolución del concepto educativo fundamental de la música en China. En los últimos años, la educación musical fundamental china ha ido prestando atención al cultivo de la creatividad y la calidad integral de los estudiantes. La música no es sólo una habilidad, sino también un arte que ayuda a cultivar el pensamiento creativo y el desarrollo integral de los alumnos. Resumen cultural embargo oportunidades pasado clásicas personalidad motivo perspectivas principales existentes profesores didácticos racionales años habilidad alumnos

Abstract This study aimed to develop and rigorously evaluate the Test of Oral Health Literacy in Adults (TOHLA) for the Iranian population, addressing the limitations of existing oral health literacy (OHL) measurement instruments and contributing to the literature on OHL assessment. The development of the TOHLA involved a qualitative approach, which included a comprehensive literature review and semi-structured interviews with a panel of 15 experts from diverse fields and 22 Iranian adults aged 18 to 64 years. The instrument was designed with 48 items categorized into four domains: cognitive skill, communication skill, media skill, and functional skill. Content validity was established through expert input and content validation indices. Construct validity was supported by factor analysis, and concurrent validity was assessed by comparing TOHLA scores with demographic variables. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses were performed to assess the instrument’s reliability. The psychometric evaluation of the TOHLA demonstrated strong content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. The instrument exhibited a high level of internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.81 for the entire scale. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.83. Concurrent validity analysis showed statistically significant associations between OHL scores and demographic variables, supporting the instrument’s overall performance. The TOHLA overcomes the weaknesses observed in existing instruments and offers a comprehensive tool with strong psychometric properties to assess the OHL of the Iranian adult population. Researchers, policymakers, and healthcare providers can utilize the TOHLA to address oral health challenges and enhance overall oral health outcomes among Iranian adults. (TOHLA population (OHL assessment approach semistructured semi structured 1 2 6 years 4 domains skill indices variables testretest test retest s Cronbachs Cronbach 081 0 81 0.8 scale Testretest satisfactory ICC (ICC 083 83 0.83 performance Researchers policymakers 08 8 0.

RESUMO: Este artigo se propõe a analisar a desarticulação entre a oferta e a demanda por conhecimento nas regiões brasileiras, utilizando como proxy a oferta de mão de obra e a sua inserção nos setores produtivos de acordo com a classificação de intensidade tecnológica da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico. São utilizados os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística para o período de 2012 a 2019, e são estimados modelos logit multinomial para dados empilhados para o período com o objetivo de mensurar diferenças nas probabilidades de absorção dos trabalhadores ocupados em setores de baixa, média e alta intensidade tecnológica. Os resultados indicam que avanços no grau de qualificação formal reduzem a probabilidade de absorção em setores de baixa intensidade tecnológica, ao mesmo tempo em que aumentam as chances de inserção em setores de média e alta intensidades tecnológicas. As disparidades regionais evidenciam que a concepção de uma política que tenha como objetivo o fomento da inovação requer o desenho de instrumentos que estimulem de forma concreta o aumento da demanda por conhecimento. RESUMO brasileiras Econômico 201 2019 tecnológicas 20 2

ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the disconnection between the supply and demand for knowledge in Brazilian regions, using labor supply and its integration into productive sectors according to the OECD technological intensity classification as a proxy. Data from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua) by IBGE for the period from 2012 to 2019 were used, and logit-multinomial models for stacked data were estimated for this period to measure differences in the probabilities of workers being absorbed into low, medium, and high technological intensity sectors. Results indicate that advancements in formal qualifications reduce the probability of absorption in low technological intensity sectors and increase the chances of insertion in medium and high technological intensity sectors. Regional disparities highlight that the design of a policy aimed at fostering innovation requires the creation of concrete instruments that stimulate increased demand for knowledge. ABSTRACT regions proxy PNAD 201 used logitmultinomial logit multinomial 20 2