Abstract Introduction. Knotting is one of the essential surgical skills and vitally important processes that depends on its correct execution. The acquisition of these skills requires motor work, friendly and realistic environments. A strategy to facilitate learning the knotting technique is to generate accessible simulation instruments. Methods. A surgical knot simulator is presented, built with low-budget materials and affordable for the general population, with a budget of approximately $5,000 COP (US$ 1.23). Results. A surgical knot simulator has been developed in a way that, when attached to the thigh of a lower extremity from a seated position, provides a stable surface to effectively perform knot tying practice. Conclusion. Modern surgery considers patient safety as the top priority, so it is no longer appropriate to adopt a “see one, do one, teach one” training method. Constant practice using simulators is the most appropriate method. This work presents an alternative for uninterrupted learning of surgical techniques related to knots.

Resumen Introducción. Anudar es una de las habilidades quirúrgicas esenciales y de su correcta ejecución dependen procesos de vital importancia. La adquisición de estas competencias requiere trabajo motor, entornos amigables y realistas. Una estrategia para facilitar el aprendizaje de la técnica de anudado es generar instrumentos de simulación accesibles. Métodos. Se presenta un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos, construido con materiales de bajo costo y asequibles para la población en general, con un presupuesto de aproximadamente $5.000 COP (US$ 1,23). Resultados. Se desarrolló un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos que, al fijarse a la extremidad inferior desde una posición sentada, proporciona una superficie estable para llevar a cabo la práctica de anudado de manera efectiva. Conclusión. La cirugía moderna considera la seguridad del paciente como la principal prioridad, por lo que ya no es apropiado adoptar un método de formación de “ver uno, hacer uno, enseñar uno”. Es la práctica constante mediante simuladores, el método más adecuado. Este trabajo presenta una alternativa de aprendizaje ininterrumpido de las técnicas quirúrgicas relacionadas con los nudos.

Abstract Introduction: The Kangaroo Baby Massage (KBM) is a technique designed for preterm and low birth weight newborns that eliminates the need for an incubator, providing a practical and beneficial option for mothers at home. Objective: To test the effect of the KBM on perceived maternal self-efficacy favoring the mother-infant interaction at home. Materials and methods: A pragmatic, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in three phases: 1) KBM integration with Kathryn Barnard's theory, 2) study design, and 3) implementation and outcome evaluation. Two groups were defined: The intervention group (KBM) and the control group (which used the kangaroo position without massage), each group consisted of 34 mother-infant pairs. Recruitment took place within an outpatient kangaroo program in Bogota, Colombia. Implementation and follow-up were conducted via teleconsultation, using the KBM video "Diary of My Kangaroo Baby" and simulators. The perceived maternal self-efficacy questionnaire was conducted at three points in time: prior to the study and on the 7th and 14th day after the study. The questionnaire was analyzed with a statistical design of longitudinal data in F1LDF1 factorial experiments. Results: Homogeneous groups were defined based on sociodemographic variables and maternal-perinatal history. Mothers who applied the KBM technique showed higher scores in perceived maternal self-efficacy at both 7 and 14 days compared to the control group mothers [RTE (lower limit; upper limit) - day 7: control = 0.502 (0.437; 0.567) vs. KBM = 0.503 (0.426; 0.581), and day 14: control = 0.564 (0.482; 0.640) vs. KBM = 0.719 (0.650; 0.776)]. Conclusion: The KBM is a nursing intervention that enhances perceived maternal self-efficacy, fostering greater family involvement and strengthening mother-child interaction.

Resumen Introducción: El masaje al bebé canguro (MBC) es una técnica para recién nacidos pretérmino y bajo peso al nacer que no requiere incubadora y favorece a las madres en el hogar. Objetivo: Probar el efecto del MBC sobre la autoeficacia materna percibida para favorecer la interacción madre-hijo en el hogar. Materiales y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado pragmático, doble ciego, desarrollado en tres fases: 1) integración MBC y teoría de Kathryn Barnard, 2) diseño del estudio y 3) ejecución y resultados. Se definieron dos grupos: intervención (MBC) y control (posición canguro sin masaje), con 34 diadas madre-hijo en cada grupo. Reclutamiento realizado en un programa canguro ambulatorio de Bogotá, Colombia. La ejecución y el seguimiento fue hecha a través de teleconsulta, el video MBC "Diario de mi bebé canguro" y simuladores. Se aplicó el cuestionario de autoeficacia materna percibida en tres momentos: antes de iniciar el estudio y a los días 7 y 14 después del estudio. Se analizó con un diseño estadístico de datos longitudinales en experimentos factoriales F1LDF1. Resultados: Fueron definidos grupos homogéneos en las variables sociodemográficas y de antecedentes materno-perinatales. Las madres que aplicaron el MBC registraron puntajes más altos de autoeficacia materna percibida a los 7 y 14 días, en comparación con las madres del control [RTE (límite inferior; límite superior) - día 7: control = 0.502 (0.437; 0.567) vs. MBC = 0.503 (0.426; 0.581), y día 14: control = 0.564 (0.482; 0.640) vs. MBC = 0.719 (0.650; 0.776)]. Conclusión: El MBC es una intervención de enfermería que mejoró la autoeficacia materna percibida, favoreciendo la participación de la familia y la interacción madre-hijo.

Resumo Introdução: A massagem no bebê canguru (MBC) é uma técnica para bebês prematuros e de baixo peso que não necessita de incubadora e que dá apoio às mães no domicílio. Objetivo: Testar o efeito da MBC na autoeficácia materna percebida para apoiar a interação mãe-bebê em casa. Materiais e método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, pragmático, duplo-cego, desenvolvido em três fases: i) integração da MBC e da teoria de Kathryn Barnard, ii) desenho do estudo e iii) execução e resultados. Foram definidos dois grupos: intervenção (MBC) e controle (posição canguru sem massagem), com 34 díades mãe-bebê em cada grupo. O recrutamento foi realizado em um programa canguru ambulatorial em Bogotá, Colômbia. A implementação e o acompanhamento foram feitos por meio de teleconsultas, do vídeo MBC "Diário do meu bebê canguru" e de simuladores. O questionário de autoeficácia materna percebida foi aplicado em três momentos: antes do início do estudo e nos dias 7 e 14 após o estudo. Ele foi analisado com um projeto estatístico de dados longitudinais em experimentos fatoriais F1LDF1. Resultados: Foram definidos grupos homogêneos para variáveis sociodemográficas e histórico ma-terno-perinatal. As mães que aplicaram o MBC registraram pontuações mais altas de autoeficácia materna percebida aos 7 e 14 dias, em comparação com as mães do controle [RTE (limite inferior; limite superior) - dia 7: controle = 0,502 (0,437; 0,567) vs. MBC = 0,503 (0,426; 0,581), e dia 14: controle = 0,564 (0,482; 0,640) vs. MBC = 0,719 (0,650; 0,776)]. Conclusões: a MBC é uma intervenção de enfermagem que melhorou a autoeficácia materna percebida, favorecendo o envolvimento familiar e a interação entre mãe e filho.

Abstract Objective To evaluate surgeons’ performance in resecting CAM-type deformities using a realistic arthroscopic surgery simulator. Methods An arthroscopic simulator was created using low-cost materials with the help of a GTMax Core A1 3D printer and the programs Invesalius and Meshmixer 2017, which were used to develop femoral head parts in ABS material, with the presence of a CAM-type deformity, to mimic a femoroacetabular impact situation. After the operations were performed by 16 surgeons, the femurs were compared to a previous model with deformity and another without, using Cloudcompare, and parameters such as the volumetric difference between the operated femurs, with and without deformity, the minimum and maximum distance between them, the percentage of the deformity resected, the estimated time for total resection of the deformity, as well as a qualitative analysis based on the images and graphs provided by the program representing the areas of the parts resected, were evaluated at the end. Results The average resection speed was 34.66 mm3/min (SD = 46 mm3/min, max = 147.33; min = −2.66). The average resection rate was 26.2% (SD = 34.7%, max = 111; min = −2). Qualitative analysis showed hyporesection of deformities and sometimes hyperresection of nondeformed areas. The simulator was highly rated by the surgeons, with a tactile sensation very similar to real surgery, according to them. Conclusion Arthroscopic simulators have proved very useful in training less experienced surgeons. surgeons CAMtype CAM type lowcost low cost A D 2017 material situation 1 Cloudcompare them resected end 3466 34 66 34.6 mm3min mmmin mm3 mm SD 4 147.33 14733 147 33 −2.66. 266 −2.66 . 2 −2.66) 262 26 26.2 347 7 34.7% 111 −2. −2 −2) 201 346 3 6 34. 147.3 1473 14 −2.6 26. 34.7 11 − 20 147.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho de cirurgiões na ressecção de deformidades tipo CAME fazendo uso de um simulador realista de cirurgia artroscópica. Métodos Um simulador artroscópico foi criado a partir de materiais de baixo custo com auxílio de uma impressora 3D GTMax Core A1 e dos programas Invesalius e Meshmixer 2017, que foram utilizados para criar peças de cabeça de fêmur em material ABS, com a presença de uma deformidade tipo CAME, a fim de mimetizar uma situação de impacto femoroacetabular. Após as operações serem realizadas por 16 cirurgiões, os fêmures foram comparados a um modelo prévio com e outro sem deformidade pelo programa Cloudcompare, sendo avaliados ao final parâmetros como diferença volumétrica entre os fêmures operados, com e sem deformidade, distância mínima e máxima entre eles, porcentagem da deformidade ressecada, tempo estimado para ressecção total da deformidade, além de uma análise qualitativa feita com base nas imagens e gráficos fornecidos pelo programa representando as áreas das peças efetivamente ressecadas. Resultados A velocidade média de resseção foi de 34,66mm3/minuto (DP = 46 mm3/min, max = 147,33 mm3/min; min = −2,66 mm3/min). A média de ressecção obtida foi de 26,2% (DP = 34,7%, max = 111%; min = −2%). A análise qualitativa demonstrou uma hiporresecção das deformidades e, por vezes, hiperresecção de áreas não deformadas. O simulador foi muito bem avaliado pelos cirurgiões, tendo uma sensação tátil bem semelhante à cirurgia real segundo os mesmos. Conclusão Simuladores artroscópicos se mostraram muito úteis no treinamento de cirurgiões menos experientes. artroscópica D 2017 ABS femoroacetabular 1 Cloudcompare operados eles ressecada ressecadas 3466mm3minuto mmminuto 34 66mm3 minuto mm DP 4 mm3min mmmin mm3 mm3/min 14733 147 33 147,3 266 2 66 −2,6 mm3/min. . mm3/min) 262 26 26,2 347 7 34,7% 111% 111 −2%. −2% −2%) vezes deformadas mesmos experientes 201 3 66mm 1473 14 147, 6 −2, 26, 34,7 11 −2 20 34, −

RESUMEN La investigación propone un laboratorio virtual y las tareas docentes que relaciona la biomecánica con la actividad física y deportiva en la Universidad de Cienfuegos. El “Proyecto Hypathia” se propone transformar los procesos sustantivos de la Universidad de Cienfuegos en los campos en los que se integran las Ciencias-Tecnología-Ingeniería-Matemáticas, pero sesgados por una participación escasa, asistemática de las relaciones interdisciplinarias que abarcan las nuevas tecnologías e incursionan en los simuladores, la robótica manifestaciones del arte que se suman como propuesta creativa en los procesos de investigación, formación de profesionales y de extensión universitaria. Se propone un laboratorio virtual y las tareas docentes que relaciona la biomecánica con la actividad física y deportiva en la Universidad de Cienfuegos. Los resultados logrados en la investigación en gran medida fueron posibles por la implementación de diversos métodos y técnicas de investigación los cuales posibilitaron la fundamentación del tema y la valoración del diseño empleado. La implementación de tareas docentes con enfoque STEAM permitió evaluar el proceso y sus resultados desde la práctica educativa en los estudiantes de segundo año de la facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el deporte de Cienfuegos.

ABSTRACT The research proposes a virtual laboratory and teaching tasks that relate biomechanics with physical and sports activity at the University of Cienfuegos. The “Hypathia Project” aims to transform the substantive processes of the University of Cienfuegos in the fields in which Sciences-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics are integrated, but biased by a scarce, unsystematic participation in the interdisciplinary relationships that encompass new technologies. and they venture into simulators, robotics, art manifestations that add as a creative proposal to the research processes, training of professionals and university extension. A virtual laboratory and teaching tasks that relate biomechanics with physical and sports activity at the University of Cienfuegos are proposed. The results achieved in the research were largely possible due to the implementation of various research methods and techniques which made it possible to substantiate the topic and evaluate the design used. The implementation of teaching tasks with a STEAM approach allowed the evaluation of the process and its results from educational practice in the second-year students of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences of Cienfuegos.

Introdução: O ensino em cirurgia deve acompanhar a evolução das técnicas, procedimentos e tecnologia. Desde a década de 90 a videocirurgia vem se desenvolvendo e hoje é a primeira escolha para muitos procedimentos em cirugia geral. Com características diferentes da cirurgia convencional, os residentes treinaram em simuladores para adaptação. A literatura médica mundial já apresenta programas consagrados para treinamento entre eles os Fundamentos da Cirurgia Laparoscópica (FLS). A avaliação das habilidades técnicas cirúrgicas é uma ferramenta importante em programas de residência médica. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento através de aquisição de habilidades dos médicos residentes em cirurgia geral antes e após treinamento teórico-prático em videocirurgia utilizando um simulador de baixa fidelidade baseado em exercícios do FLS. Método: Estudar de modo prospectivo a aquisição de habilidades de médicos residentes em cirurgia geral de primeiro e segundo ano (R1 e R2), antes e após realização de treinamento teórico-prático pré-definido. Conclusão: Houve melhora significativa com o treinamento atingindo níveis de conhecimento e aprimoramento semelhantes aos trabalhos da literatura mundial. A melhoria no desempenho dos residentes foi evidente em ambos os grupos da amostra. Aqueles do primeiro ano atingiram a concentração de conhecimento após o treinamento semelhante ao desempenho dos residentes de segundo ano na avaliação inicial, destacando que o treinamento sequenciado realizado equivale a um ano de prática no programa de residência geral de cirurgia

Introduction: Teaching in surgery must follow the evolution of medical techniques, procedures and technology. Since the 90s videosurgery has been developing and nowadays is the gold standard for many procedures in general surgery. As there are different characteristics from conventional surgery, residents need to practice in order to adapt to simulators. The world medical literature has established many training programs among them the Fundaments of laparoscopic Surgery (FLS). Evaluation of surgical technical abilities is a major tool for the residency programs. Objectives: To assess the effect of training acquiring skills of residents at first and second postgraduated level year (PGY1 and PGY2) before and after practice using low fidelity simulator based on tasks from FLS. Methods: A prospective study was conducted to determinate skills acquisition of residents at first and second postgraduated level year l (PGY1 and PGY2) before and after standardized practice using low fidelity simulator. Conclusions: There was a significant improve of the technical abilities reaching levels of improvement. Resident’s performance was evident in the sample groups. First year residents (PGY1) achieved knowledge retention after training similar to the performance of second in the initial assessment, suggesting that the sequenced training carried out is equivalent to one year of practice in the general surgery residency program

Introduction: Surgical procedures were systematized and scientifically based at the end of the 19th century by William Stewart Halsted. Through scientific studies, anatomical principles, knowledge of physiology and pathology, strict aseptic techniques, gentle tissue manipulation, among others, were systematized. This lasted for centuries. But the modern technological era invented videosurgery and complicated the previously used teaching method. Objective: Review previously published teaching methods using simulators. Method: This is a narrative review carried out in the PubMed and Scielo databases. The search used the following keywords: videosurgery, teaching, simulators, training. The inclusion criteria comprised review articles and experimental studies, written in Portuguese and English and available in full text. The selected articles were analyzed based on the technologies covered, future perspectives and challenges mentioned. Result: 28 articles were included. Conclusion: As the results of this review on simulators show, once trained residents begin learning videolaparoscopic operations much more easily and safely.

Introdução: Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram sistematizados e embasados cientificamente no final do século XIX por William Stewart Halsted. Por meio de estudos científicos, princípios anatômicos, conhecimento de fisiologia e patologia que permitiram sistematizar técnica asséptica estrita, manipulação tecidual gentil, dentro de outros. Isto perdurou por séculos. Mas a moderna era tecnológica inventou a videocirurgia e complicou o método de ensino anteriormente usado. Objetivo: Revisar os métodos de ensino feito por simuladores já publicados. Método: Trata-se de revisão narrativa realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e Scielo. A busca utilizou as seguintes palavras-chave: videocirurgia, ensino, simuladores, treinamento. Os critérios de inclusão compreenderam artigos de revisão e estudos experimentais, escritos em português e inglês e disponíveis em texto completo. Os trabalhos selecionados foram analisados com base nas tecnologias abordadas, perspectivas futuras e desafios mencionados. Resultado: Foram incluídos 28 artigos. Conclusão: Conforme mostram os resultados desta revisão sobre simuladores, os residentes depois de treinados, iniciariam o aprendizado de operações videolaparoscópicas com muito mais facilidade e segurança.

Resumen Introducción: Las fracturas de tibia por estrés son un cuadro muy frecuente en el personal militar recién incorporado. Nuestro objetivo fue demostrar que existe una asociación entre fracturas por estrés y otros hallazgos patológicos. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente 42 fracturas por estrés en 34 pacientes, entre noviembre de 2012 y septiembre de 2014. Todos se habían incorporado recientemente al Ejército Argentino y consultaron por cuadros dolorosos en la tibia. Se realizó el diagnóstico clínico y centellográfico de fractura por estrés. Se documentaron datos filiatorios, hallazgos patológicos asociados y factores de riesgo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: reciente incorporación, mismo entrenamiento, edad 16-23 años. Se excluyó a pacientes con traumatismos, enfermedad tumoral o centellograma negativo, y a los simuladores. Resultados: Se evaluaron 42 fracturas por estrés en 34 pacientes (14 hombres y 20 mujeres). La edad promedio era de 20 años. No hubo diferencias significativas en el número de lesiones respecto al miembro afectado. El 64,7% tenía hallazgos patológicos asociados (mujeres 73%, hombres 27%). El 80% de las mujeres y el 43% de los hombres tenían un hallazgo patológico asociado. Se detectaron diversos hallazgos patológicos asociados con desejes de miembros inferiores en varo y en valgo, los primeros fueron los que más se asociaron con fracturas. Conclusiones: La tasa de asociación con hallazgos patológicos en los miembros inferiores fue alta, con predominio de los desejes en varo. Las mujeres con fracturas por estrés tenían más hallazgos patológicos asociados que los hombres.

Abstract Introduction: Tibial stress fractures are a very common condition in military recruits. Our objective is to demonstrate that stress fractures are associated with other pathologies. Materials and Methods: 42 stress fractures in 34 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Every patient had recently joined the Argentine Army and consulted for painful symptoms in the tibia. A clinical and scintigraphic diagnosis of stress fracture was made. Patient data, associated pathologies, and risk factors were documented. Inclusion criteria: recent incorporation, same training, age between 16 and 23 years. Trauma, simulators, tumoral pathology, and cases with negative scintigraphy were excluded. Results: We studied 42 stress fractures in 34 patients, 14 were men and 20 were women. The average age was 20 years. There were no significant differences in the number of injuries regarding the affected limb. 64.7% had associated pathologies, 73% in women and 27 % in men. Among the women with stress fractures, 80% had associated pathologies, compared to 43% for men. Different pathologies were found with lower limb varus and valgus imbalances. Varus was the most associated with fractures. Conclusions: A high rate of associated pathologies was found in patients with tibial stress fractures with a predominance of lower limb varus imbalances. Associated pathologies were more likely to be found in women with stress fractures than in men.

ABSTRACT Introduction: medical training should provide the future professional, in addition to theoretical knowledge, general and specific skills. In urology, urogenital training simulators have been presented as an ally in improving the degree of confidence and development of competencies for undergraduate medical students. Methods: exploratory descriptive research with a quantitative approach, of an experimental nature, of the randomized controlled type with cross-sectional cut. Conducted with the students of the 4th year of medicine of a Higher Education Institution in the West of Paraná. Results: 91 students attended a theoretical class with a complete explanation of the activities to be performed and answered the initial questionnaire about the degree of confidence to perform tasks in three stations with male urogenital training simulators (prostatic touch, bladder catheterization and scrotal evaluation). Of these, 45 received guidance and training with the simulators prior to the stations, while 46 should demonstrate skills directly in the three stations, mimicking patient care, only with information from the theoretical classes. The students who received previous guidance with the simulators had their scores in the development of competence higher. And, when they repeated the questionnaire about the degree of confidence to demonstrate skills with the mannequins, there was a higher degree of confidence in performing the tasks, except for the execution of a task considered more difficult. Conclusion: there was an improvement in the degree of confidence and in the development of competencies of undergraduate medical students with the orientations in the male urogenital training simulators. Introduction professional knowledge urology Methods approach nature crosssectional cross sectional cut th Paraná Results 9 prostatic touch evaluation. evaluation . evaluation) these 4 care classes And mannequins difficult Conclusion

RESUMO Introdução: a formação médica deve fornecer ao futuro profissional, além de conhecimentos teóricos, habilidades gerais e específicas. Na urologia, os simuladores de treinamento urogenital, têm se apresentado como aliado na melhora do grau de confiança e desenvolvimento de competências para estudantes de graduação em medicina. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, de natureza experimental, do tipo randomizado controlado com recorte transversal. Realizada com os estudantes do 4º ano de medicina de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior no Oeste do Paraná. Resultados: 91 estudantes assistiram a uma aula teórica com explanação completa das atividades a serem realizadas, e responderam ao questionário inicial sobre o grau de confiança para executar tarefas em três estações com simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino (toque prostático, cateterismo vesical e avaliação escrotal). Destes, 45 receberam orientações e treinamento junto aos simuladores previamente as estações, enquanto 46 deveriam demonstrar habilidades diretamente nas três estações, mimetizando o atendimento ao paciente, apenas com informações das aulas teóricas. Os estudantes que receberam orientação prévia junto aos simuladores, tiveram seus escores no desenvolvimento de competência mais elevados. E, ao repetirem o questionário sobre o grau de confiança para demonstrar habilidades junto aos manequins, houve maior grau de confiança em executar as tarefas, com exceção da execução de uma tarefa considerada mais difícil. Conclusão: houve melhora no grau de confiança e no desenvolvimento de competências dos estudantes de graduação em medicina com as orientações nos simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino. Introdução profissional teóricos específicas urologia Métodos descritiva quantitativa experimental transversal º Paraná Resultados 9 realizadas toque prostático escrotal. escrotal . escrotal) Destes 4 paciente teóricas elevados E manequins difícil Conclusão

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had mandatory surgical simulator training during residency. Methods: In this retrospective, observational analytical study, the total number of cataract surgeries and surgical complications by all senior residents of 2019 (2019 class; prepandemic) and 2020 (2020 class; affected by the reduced number of elective surgeries due to the COVID-19 pandemic) were collected and compared. All residents had routine mandatory cataract surgery training on a virtual surgical simulator during residency. The total score obtained by these residents on cataract challenges of the surgical simulator was also evaluated. Results: The 2020 and 2019 classes performed 1275 and 2561 cataract surgeries, respectively. This revealed a reduction of 50.2% in the total number of procedures performed by the 2020 class because of the pandemic. The incidence of surgical complications was not statistically different between the two groups (4.2% in the 2019 class and 4.9% in the 2020 class; p=0.314). Both groups also did not differ in their mean scores on the simulator’s cataract challenges (p<0.696). Conclusion: Despite the reduction of 50.2% in the total number of cataract surgeries performed by senior residents of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of surgical complications did not increase. This suggests that surgical simulator training during residency mitigated the negative effects of the reduced surgical volume during the pandemic. Purpose 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 Methods retrospective study (201 prepandemic 202 (202 COVID-1 compared evaluated Results 127 256 respectively 502 50 2 50.2 4.2% 42 4 (4.2 49 9 4.9 p=0.314. p0314 p p=0.314 . 0 314 p=0.314) simulators s p<0.696. p0696 p<0.696 696 (p<0.696) Conclusion increase 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-1 (20 COVID- 12 25 5 50. 4.2 (4. 4. p031 p=0.31 31 p069 p<0.69 69 (p<0.696 (COVID- (2 (4 p03 p=0.3 3 p06 p<0.6 6 (p<0.69 (COVID ( p0 p=0. p<0. (p<0.6 p=0 p<0 (p<0. p= p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effect of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had mandatory surgical simulator training during residency. Methods: In this retrospective, observational analytical study, the total number of cataract surgeries and surgical complications by all senior residents of 2019 (2019 class; prepandemic) and 2020 (2020 class; affected by the reduced number of elective surgeries due to the COVID-19 pandemic) were collected and compared. All residents had routine mandatory cataract surgery training on a virtual surgical simulator during residency. The total score obtained by these residents on cataract challenges of the surgical simulator was also evaluated. Results: The 2020 and 2019 classes performed 1275 and 2561 cataract surgeries, respectively. This revealed a reduction of 50.2% in the total number of procedures performed by the 2020 class because of the pandemic. The incidence of surgical complications was not statistically different between the two groups (4.2% in the 2019 class and 4.9% in the 2020 class; p=0.314). Both groups also did not differ in their mean scores on the simulator’s cataract challenges (p<0.696). Conclusion: Despite the reduction of 50.2% in the total number of cataract surgeries performed by senior residents of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of surgical complications did not increase. This suggests that surgical simulator training during residency mitigated the negative effects of the reduced surgical volume during the pandemic. Purpose 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 Methods retrospective study (201 prepandemic 202 (202 COVID-1 compared evaluated Results 127 256 respectively 502 50 2 50.2 4.2% 42 4 (4.2 49 9 4.9 p=0.314. p0314 p p=0.314 . 0 314 p=0.314) simulators s p<0.696. p0696 p<0.696 696 (p<0.696) Conclusion increase 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-1 (20 COVID- 12 25 5 50. 4.2 (4. 4. p031 p=0.31 31 p069 p<0.69 69 (p<0.696 (COVID- (2 (4 p03 p=0.3 3 p06 p<0.6 6 (p<0.69 (COVID ( p0 p=0. p<0. (p<0.6 p=0 p<0 (p<0. p= p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT The research relevance is predefined by the air travel number growth. Accordingly, the relevance of this issue is increasing, especially concerning air travel safety. Also, due to the increasing demand for international flights, it becomes essential to harmonize the standards and methodology of training aviation personnel. The research aims to consider the parameters of flight safety and the impact of the unification of training programs for aviation personnel. The conclusion that unification can significantly affect safety was made with the help of scientific and special methods, including analysis, synthesis, concretization, and generalization. An analysis of existing unification methods was conducted. The multi-crew pilot training program proved to be one of the most advanced compared to standard flight crew training programs. The method was determined to be a specialized training program tailored to the needs of the aviation industry and focused on training pilots for multi-crew and jet operations. The program is more challenging, intensive and dynamic, and includes a significant amount of simulator training. Traditional flight training programs, such as Private Pilot Licenses (PPL), Commercial Pilot Licenses (CPL), instrument qualification, and multi-engine rating, have a broader scope and provide pilots with more career opportunities. Simulator training has been identified as a critical component of many flight training programs and plays a vital role in flight safety. The study may be of interest to a range of readers concerned with the issue of standardizing aviation training and improving safety in aviation, including researchers, faculty, and students of higher education institutions in the aviation field. growth Accordingly Also flights personnel synthesis concretization generalization conducted multicrew multi operations challenging dynamic PPL, PPL , (PPL) CPL, CPL (CPL) qualification multiengine engine rating opportunities researchers faculty field (PPL (CPL

RESUMO Introdução: A cricotireotomia é um procedimento que pode salvar vidas em caso de insuficiência respiratória aguda de emergência. A cricotireotomia deve ser treinada durante a graduação médica, e simuladores de baixo custo podem oferecer uma solução satisfatória em termos econômicos e práticos. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos construir e determinar as validades de face, conteúdo e construção de um simulador caseiro de cricotireotomia de baixo custo desenvolvido pelos autores. Método: Quarenta e sete estudantes e nove cirurgiões realizaram três cricotireotomias simuladas sucessivas e responderam a um questionário de validade de face e de conteúdo. A validade de construto foi testada comparando tempos procedurais e um escore de desempenho global intragrupos e intergrupos. Resultado: A maioria dos itens do questionário de validade face e de conteúdo foram avaliados de forma positiva, sem diferença entre os grupos. Assim, estudantes e cirurgiões concordaram que o simulador se assemelha a uma superfície anterior do pescoço humano, é fácil e seguro de usar, permite a realização de etapas críticas da cricotireotomia e apresenta potencial viabilidade de ensino. O tempo de procedimento diminuiu entre a primeira e a terceira tentativa entre os estudantes (diminuição média do tempo = 61,85 s; IC 95% - 41,86 - 81,85; p < 0,001), e foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os tempos de atuação dos cirurgiões e dos estudantes (diferença média = 101,36 segundos [IC 95% = 69,08 - 133,64] p < 0,001), sugerindo validade de construto. Os escores de desempenho dos alunos melhoraram entre a primeira e a segunda tentativa (diferença média = 2,25 pontos; IC 95% = 1,31 - 3,20; p < 0,001). Conclusão: O simulador de cricotireotomia inorgânico, de fabricação caseira e de baixo custo possui validade de face, conteúdo e construção aceitáveis para ser usado como ferramenta de treinamento para estudantes de graduação em Medicina. Introdução emergência médica práticos Objetivo autores Método intergrupos Resultado positiva grupos Assim humano usar ensino diminuição 6185 61 85 61,8 s 95 4186 41 86 41,8 81,85 8185 81 0,001, 0001 0,001 , 0 001 0,001) 10136 101 36 101,3 6908 69 08 69,0 133,64 13364 133 64 225 2 25 2,2 pontos 131 1 31 1,3 3,20 320 3 20 0,001. . Conclusão inorgânico Medicina 618 6 8 61, 9 418 4 41, 81,8 818 000 0,00 00 1013 10 101, 690 69, 133,6 1336 13 22 2, 1, 3,2 32 81, 0,0 133, 3, 0,

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cricothyrotomy is a procedure that may save lives in emergency acute respiratory failure. Cricothyrotomy must be trained during undergraduate medical education, and low-cost simulators may offer a satisfying solution in economical and practical terms. Objective: The aims of this study were to build and assess the face, content, and construct validity of a low-cost, homemade cricothyrotomy simulator developed by the authors. Methods: Forty-seven students and nine surgeons performed three successive simulated cricothyrotomies and answered a face and content validity questionnaire. The construct validity was tested by comparing procedural duration and a global performance score intra- and between groups. Results: Most face and content validity questionnaire items were highly and positively rated, with no difference between the groups. Accordingly, students and surgeons agreed that the simulator resembles a human neck anterior surface, is easy and safe to use, allows the performance of critical steps of the cricothyrotomy, and exhibits potential teaching feasibility. Procedural duration decreased between the first and third attempts among students (mean time decrease = 61.85 s; 95% CI - 41.86 - 81.85; p < 0.001), and a significant difference was found between surgeons’ and students’ performance duration (mean difference = 101.36 seconds [95% CI = 69.08 - 133.64] p < 0.001), suggesting construct validity. The students’ performance scores improved between the first and second attempts (mean difference = 2.25 points; CI 95% = 1.31 - 3.20; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The non-organic, homemade, low-cost cricothyrotomy simulator has acceptable face, content, and construct validity and is suitable for use as a training tool by undergraduate medical students. Introduction failure education lowcost low cost terms Objective lowcost, cost, authors Methods Fortyseven Forty seven intra groups Results rated Accordingly surface feasibility mean 6185 61 85 61.8 s 95 4186 41 86 41.8 81.85 8185 81 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 0 001 0.001) 10136 101 36 101.3 [95 6908 69 08 69.0 133.64 13364 133 64 225 2 25 2.2 points 131 1 31 1.3 3.20 320 3 20 0.001. . Conclusions nonorganic, nonorganic non organic, organic non-organic 618 6 8 61. 9 418 4 41. 81.8 818 000 0.00 00 1013 10 101. [9 690 69. 133.6 1336 13 22 2. 1. 3.2 32 81. 0.0 [ 133. 3. 0.

RESUMEN: Los laboratorios de simulación quirúrgica permiten perfeccionar las habilidades y disminuir las brechas de aprendizaje en la enseñanza de las ciencias quirúrgicas porque se logra disminuir el tiempo de formación y mejorar la calidad, sin estrés en los profesionales y con mayor seguridad para los pacientes. El uso de los simuladores permite minimizar el conflicto ético entre la seguridad del paciente y la enseñanza, lograr mayor eficiencia en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, al disminuir los costos por concepto de insumos y complicaciones de los pacientes. Es propósito del autor comunicar sobre la importancia de los laboratorios de simulación quirúrgica en la docencia médica y motivar a las Universidades de Ciencias Médicas en Cuba para que, a través de proyectos de desarrollo, puedan obtener con estas estrategias de aprendizaje, alternativas útiles, ante las afectaciones económicas que provoca el bloqueo.

ABSTRACT: Surgical simulation laboratories make it possible to perfect skills and reduce learning gaps in the teaching of surgical sciences because it is possible to reduce training time and improve quality, without stress for professionals and with greater safety for patients. The use of simulators allows minimizing the ethical conflict between patient safety and teaching, achieving greater efficiency in the teaching-learning process, by reducing costs for supplies and patient complications. It is the author's purpose to communicate about the importance of surgical simulation laboratories in medical teaching and to motivate the Universities of Medical Sciences in Cuba so that, through development projects, they can obtain useful alternatives with these learning strategies before the economic effects caused by the blockade.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar y mapear las principales estrategias educativas para la prevención de infecciones del tracto reproductor (ITR) femenino en el sistema penitenciario. Métodos Revisión de alcance, realizada de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del Joanna Briggs Institute, con búsqueda en las bases de datos: MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, LILACS, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Embase; Google Scholar y Proquest, durante el período del 23 al 29 de mayo de 2023. Se utilizó el instrumento Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) para el diagrama de flujo de búsqueda y selección de los artículos de la revisión. Se incluyeron todos los títulos que siguieron la estrategia PCC. Población mujeres a partir de 18 años. Concepto uso de estrategias educativas para la prevención de ITR femenino. Contexto sistema penitenciario, con cumplimiento de condena en régimen cerrado. Se excluyeron aquellos que contemplaron estrategias educativas para hombres cisgénero o con mujeres que ya tenían el diagnóstico de ITR. Resultados Se seleccionaron 13 estudios publicados entre 1995 y 2023, con un predominio de estrategias educativas orientadas a la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual, principalmente causadas por el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Las estrategias educativas priorizaron acciones educativas grupales, estrategias de dramatización y técnicas de enfoque conductual, mediante la utilización de los siguientes recursos educativos: folletos, cartillas, carteles, libros de historietas, simuladores de órganos genitales, videos y juegos. Conclusión Las sesiones educativas colectivas fueron las más destacadas en la literatura para la prevención de infecciones, predominantemente de transmisión sexual, con escasos estudios de prevención de vaginitis o vaginosis. (ITR penitenciario alcance Institute datos PubMed, PubMed , (PubMed) Library LILACS SCOPUS Direct Embase Proquest 2 2023 MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMAScR PRISMA ScR (PRISMA-ScR revisión PCC 1 años cerrado 199 sexual Humana grupales conductual educativos folletos cartillas carteles historietas genitales juegos vaginosis (PubMed 202 19 20

Resumo Objetivo Identificar e mapear as principais estratégias educativas para prevenção de infecções do trato reprodutor feminino no sistema prisional. Métodos Revisão de escopo, realizada conforme a recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute, com pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, LILACS, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Embase; Google Scholar e Proquest, durante o período de 23 a 29 de maio de 2023. Utilizou-se o instrumento Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) para o fluxograma de busca e seleção dos artigos da revisão. Foram incluídos todos os títulos que seguiram a estratégia PCC: População mulheres com idade a partir dos 18 anos. Conceito uso de estratégias educativas para prevenção de ITR feminino. Contexto sistema prisional, com cumprimento de pena em regime fechado. Foram excluídos aqueles que contemplaram estratégia educativa realizada para homens cisgênero ou com mulheres que já possuíam o diagnóstico de ITR. Resultados Foram selecionados 13 estudos publicados entre 1995 e 2023, com predomínio de estratégias educativas voltadas para prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, principalmente causadas pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. As estratégias educativas priorizaram ações educativas grupais, estratégia de dramatização e técnica da abordagem comportamental, utilizando os seguintes recursos educativos: panfletos, cartilhas, cartazes, livro de desenhos animados, simuladores de órgãos genitais, vídeos e jogos. Conclusão As sessões educativas coletivas foram as mais evidenciadas na literatura para prevenção de infecções, predominantemente, sexualmente transmissíveis, com escassos estudos de prevenção de vaginites ou vaginoses. prisional escopo Institute PubMed, PubMed , (PubMed) Library LILACS SCOPUS Direct Embase Proquest 2 2023 Utilizouse Utilizou se MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMAScR PRISMA ScR (PRISMA-ScR revisão PCC 1 anos fechado 199 transmissíveis Humana grupais comportamental educativos panfletos cartilhas cartazes animados genitais jogos predominantemente vaginoses (PubMed 202 19 20

Abstract Objective To identify and map the main educational strategies for preventing infections of the female reproductive tract in the prison system. Methods This is a scoping review, carried out in accordance with JBI recommendations, with research in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, Google Scholar and Proquest, from May 23 to 29, 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) for the search and selection flowchart of review articles was used. All titles that followed the PCC strategy were included: Population Women aged 18 and older. Concept Use of educational strategies to prevent female RTI. Context Prison system, with sentences served in a closed regime. Those who included an educational strategy carried out for cisgender men or women who already had an RTI diagnosis were excluded. Results A total of 13 studies published between 1995 and 2023 were selected, with a predominance of educational strategies aimed at preventing sexually transmitted infections, mainly caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Educational strategies prioritized group educational actions, dramatization strategy and behavioral approach technique, using pamphlets, booklets, posters, cartoon books, genital organ simulators, videos and games. Conclusion Collective educational sessions were the most evidenced in the literature for infection prevention, predominantly sexually transmitted, with few studies on vaginitis or vaginosis prevention. system recommendations PubMed, PubMed , (PubMed) Library LILACS Scopus Direct Embase Proquest 2 29 MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMAScR PRISMA ScR (PRISMA-ScR used 1 older regime excluded 199 202 selected Virus actions technique pamphlets booklets posters books simulators games prevention (PubMed 19 20

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the impact of simulators on the training of urology residents in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Methods: The study involved training eight urology residents, using two artificial simulators; one developed by the Universidade Estadual do Pará, using three-dimensional printing technology, and the other one patented by the medical equipment manufacturer Boston Scientific The qualification of residents took place through a training course, consisting of an adaptation phase (S0), followed by three training sessions, with weekly breaks between them (S1, S2 and S3). Study members should carry out a RIRS in a standardized way, with step-by-step supervision by the evaluator using a checklist. The participants’ individual performance was verified through a theoretical assessment, before and after training (pre- and post-training), as well as by the score achieved in each session on a scale called global psychomotor skill score. In S3, residents performed an analysis of the performance and quality of the simulation, by completing the scale of student satisfaction and self confidence in learning (SSSCL). Results: At the end of the course, everyone was able to perform the procedure in accordance with the standard. The training provided a learning gain and a considerable improvement in skills and competencies in RIRS, with p < 0.05. SSSCL demonstrated positive feedback, with an overall approval rating of 96%. Conclusions: Artificial simulators proved to be excellent auxiliary tools in the training of urology residents in RIRS. Purpose . (RIRS) Methods Pará threedimensional dimensional technology course S0, S0 S , (S0) sessions S1, S1 (S1 S3. S3 S3) way stepbystep step checklist participants assessment pre (pre posttraining, posttraining post post-training) simulation SSSCL. (SSSCL) Results standard 005 0 05 0.05 feedback 96 96% Conclusions (RIRS (S0 (S post-training (SSSCL 00 0.0 9 0.