ABSTRACT Naval transportation played an important role in chrome mining in Cuba since the mineral was shipped and transferred in cargo ships to North American ports. In the community of Yamanigüey in the municipality of Moa, a wreck linked to chrome mining has been submerged for more than 60 years. Due to the lack of management of the municipality's underwater cultural heritage, there is a risk of it being looted. An inventory was carried out to identify the submerged wreck using knowledge of geodesy and diving techniques to achieve the subsequent cataloguing, registration and protection of this wreck as mining and cultural heritage of the Moa Municipality. The macroscopic identification of a chromite sample in the archaeological site where the wreck is located confirms the transportation of the mineral at the time of its shipwreck.

RESUMEN El transporte naval jugó un papel importante en la minería del cromo en Cuba ya que el mineral era embarcado y trasladado en buques cargueros hacia puertos norteamericanos. En la comunidad de Yamanigüey del municipio de Moa se encuentra sumergido un pecio vinculado con la minería del cromo desde hace más de 60 años. Debido a la falta de gestión del patrimonio cultural subacuático del municipio se corre el riesgo de que este sea objeto de expolio. Se realizó un inventario de identificación del pecio sumergido haciendo uso de los conocimientos de geodesia y las técnicas de buceo para lograr la posterior catalogación, registro y protección de este pecio como patrimonio minero y cultural del Municipio Moa. La identificación macroscópica de una muestra de cromita en el yacimiento arqueológico donde se encuentra el pecio confirma la transportación del mineral en el momento de su naufragio.

Contemporary South African society is deeply inequitable, thrusting the consumerist waste of those who have the means into the sphere of those whose most basic needs for survival are not adequately met. Much of this waste is recyclable, however, and is now recognised to have substantial monetary value. The collecting and selling of the discards of the wealthy thus offers a viable source of income for the country's poor. This essay appraises Johannesburg in terms of its complex socio-economic systems and problems, particularly as these pertain to waste and its handlers. Specifically, it examines two conceptually related art interventions involving the City's informal recyclers. The first, House 38: Hazardous Objects, commenced in 2009. Various iterations followed, culminating in the second - Sleeps with the fishes in 2016. In both, the intention was to articulate questions of value - material and, more especially, human. House 38: Hazardous Objects comprised an installation of hand-beaten lead trash-objects and became a conceptual device to interrogate the following themes: the artwork as actant; labour, skill and materiality; and permanence versus disposability. Sleeps with the fishes re-purposed Theodore Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa (1819) by staging a group of recyclers crammed into a floundering skiff atop one of Johannesburg's infamous mine dumps. Just as Géricault had sought to illustrate the inherent danger of governing bodies putting their interests above those of their citizens, giving power to political favourites, and abandoning the poor, so too did I wish to caution that civil society as a whole cannot expect to escape unscathed when governmental and societal structures turn a blind eye to burgeoning consumption and its fallout - and to the circumstances of the poor who attend to the predicament. But this essay also proposes that, since a physical shipwreck can be survived, it can therefore also symbolise innovation, endurance, spiritual and ethical resilience, and rebellion against authoritarian structures. And furthermore, just as the recycler's trolleys are likened to sea-going vessels and their drivers to seafarers, so too, the pallet/raft can be suggested as a potent allegory for the self-reliant mariner who must use what little is available to survive in open waters. It will be seen that this essay persistently mediates between the diametrical themes of hardship and of opportunity, thereby articulating and sustaining the titular reference to damage and possibility.

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the actions taken by governments to face the social, environmental, and health impacts of oil spill disasters worldwide. This scoping review was conducted in Bireme, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, considering articles published between 1973 and 2021. The database search returned 22 articles on ten global oil disasters in three continents (Asia, the Americas, and Europe), whose causes were grounding (03), shipwreck (01), collision (02), spill (03), and explosion (01). The actions developed were characterized as intersectoral, economic, environmental, and health-related, and the most frequent were environmental and economic actions. In the actions developed, we observed criticisms of controlling, mitigating, or preventing instantaneous or future damages resulting from oil disasters, which is still an open agenda for social movements in the struggle to ensure a healthy, health-promoting environment that preserves all its biodiversity. The actions to face oil disasters in different countries seem incipient, revealing a governmental inability to guide the confrontation of the impacts of this unusual event. worldwide Bireme Lilacs SciELO PubMed Library databases 197 2021 2 Asia, Asia (Asia Americas Europe, Europe , Europe) 03, 03 (03) 01, 01 (01) 02, 02 (02) 01. . intersectoral healthrelated, healthrelated related, related health-related controlling mitigating healthy healthpromoting promoting biodiversity incipient event 19 202 0 (03 (01 (02 1 20 (0 (

RESUMO Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar as ações desenvolvidas pelos governos para o enfrentamento dos impactos socioambientais e na saúde em decorrência dos desastres envolvendo petróleo no mundo. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada na Bireme, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Library e Embase, considerando artigos publicados entre 1973 e 2021. As buscas efetuadas nas bases de dados resultaram em 22 artigos sobre 10 desastres de petróleo ao redor do mundo em três continentes (Ásia, América e Europa), cujas causas dos desastres foram encalhe (3), naufrágio (1), colisão (2), derrame (3) e explosão (1). As ações desenvolvidas foram caracterizadas como intersetoriais, econômicas, ambientais e na saúde, sendo que as mais frequentes foram ações ambientais e econômicas. Nas ações desenvolvidas, observaram-se críticas ao controle, mitigação ou prevenção dos danos instantâneos ou futuros decorrentes dos desastres por petróleo, sendo essa uma agenda ainda em aberto para os movimentos sociais na luta pela garantia de um ambiente saudável, promotor de saúde e com preservação de toda a sua biodiversidade. Conclui-se que as ações para o enfrentamento dos desastres por petróleo nos diferentes países parecem ter sido incipientes, revelando uma incapacidade governamental de orientar o enfrentamento dos impactos desse evento inusitado. Tratase Trata se Bireme Lilacs SciELO PubMed Embase 197 2021 2 1 Ásia, Ásia (Ásia Europa, Europa , Europa) 3, 3 1, (1) 2, (2) (3 1. . intersetoriais econômicas observaramse observaram controle saudável biodiversidade Concluise Conclui incipientes inusitado 19 202 (1 (2 ( 20

Resumo: O artigo revela como os relatos de naufrágios, ocorridos no século XVI, publicados na forma de panfletos e, no século seguinte, transcritos por Bernardo Gomes de Brito, na História trágico-marítima (1735), foram fundamentais para que os sobreviventes dos sucessivos naufrágios ocorridos na costa da África Sul-Oriental encontrassem os meios de subsistência, o caminho em terra a ser percorrido e os povos nativos a serem contatados de modo a serem salvos, a que denomino de Rota da Salvação. Em meio à tragédia e às perdas de vidas humanas e de materiais, os relatos de naufrágio desempenharam um papel positivo ao divulgar o conhecimento necessário à peregrinação dos sobreviventes.

Abstract: This article reveals how sixteenth century shipwreck reports, originally published in the form of pamphlets and transcribed by Bernardo Gomes de Brito, in the following century, in the História trágico-maritima (1735), were fundamental in enabling successive survivors of shipwrecks along the coast of Southeast Africa to find the means of subsistence, the route to be followed on land, and the native peoples to be contacted in order to be saved, which I call the Route of Salvation. Amidst the tragedy and the loss of human life and materials, reports of shipwrecks played a positive role in disseminating the knowledge necessary for the journeys or pilgrimages of survivors.

RESUMO Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar as ações desenvolvidas pelos governos para o enfrentamento dos impactos socioambientais e na saúde em decorrência dos desastres envolvendo petróleo no mundo. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada na Bireme, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Library e Embase, considerando artigos publicados entre 1973 e 2021. As buscas efetuadas nas bases de dados resultaram em 22 artigos sobre 10 desastres de petróleo ao redor do mundo em três continentes (Ásia, América e Europa), cujas causas dos desastres foram encalhe (3), naufrágio (1), colisão (2), derrame (3) e explosão (1). As ações desenvolvidas foram caracterizadas como intersetoriais, econômicas, ambientais e na saúde, sendo que as mais frequentes foram ações ambientais e econômicas. Nas ações desenvolvidas, observaram-se críticas ao controle, mitigação ou prevenção dos danos instantâneos ou futuros decorrentes dos desastres por petróleo, sendo essa uma agenda ainda em aberto para os movimentos sociais na luta pela garantia de um ambiente saudável, promotor de saúde e com preservação de toda a sua biodiversidade. Conclui-se que as ações para o enfrentamento dos desastres por petróleo nos diferentes países parecem ter sido incipientes, revelando uma incapacidade governamental de orientar o enfrentamento dos impactos desse evento inusitado.

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the actions taken by governments to face the social, environmental, and health impacts of oil spill disasters worldwide. This scoping review was conducted in Bireme, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, considering articles published between 1973 and 2021. The database search returned 22 articles on ten global oil disasters in three continents (Asia, the Americas, and Europe), whose causes were grounding (03), shipwreck (01), collision (02), spill (03), and explosion (01). The actions developed were characterized as intersectoral, economic, environmental, and health-related, and the most frequent were environmental and economic actions. In the actions developed, we observed criticisms of controlling, mitigating, or preventing instantaneous or future damages resulting from oil disasters, which is still an open agenda for social movements in the struggle to ensure a healthy, health-promoting environment that preserves all its biodiversity. The actions to face oil disasters in different countries seem incipient, revealing a governmental inability to guide the confrontation of the impacts of this unusual event.

Abstract: Shipwrecks are artificial reefs that can enhance local diversity. In this study, the macrobenthic community associated with a shipwreck in the Strait of Magellan, the DAP Mares, is described for the first time. Species richness and functional group richness were estimated, and general linear models were used to test the prediction that diversity varied systematically with depth. The most speciose and abundant groups were echinoderms, molluscs, sponges, and tunicates. The most abundant trophic type was suspension feeders. Species richness changed significantly with depth, being similar between the upper and middle zones but decreasing at the deepest zone. Neither functional group richness nor functional dispersion (Rao’s quadratic entropy) varied with depth, suggesting that not all aspects of macrobenthic diversity respond equally to this variable. The biodiversity observed was consistent with that described for natural hard substrates in the Strait of Magellan. Thus, this vessel could represent a good model to study patterns of community structure.

Resumen El sitio de la Ría de Aveiro F se descubrió durante los trabajos arqueológicos preventivos realizados en el marco de la expansión de 2002 del puerto de Aveiro a la Ría de Aveiro, un sistema lagunar ubicado en la costa noroeste de Portugal que desempeñó un papel importante en el comercio de sal de la Edad Moderna. A pesar de la destrucción global del contexto causada por los trabajos de dragado, se recuperaron varios elementos estructurales bien conservados. Pertenecían a dos barcos, uno construido en casco liso y uno construido en casco a tingladillo. El primero presenta varias características de construcción que son comunes en el Mediterráneo. Este último posiblemente corresponda a un pequeño barco de apoyo. Además de los hallazgos estructurales, varios elementos de aparejo de madera y artefactos de cuerda, también se recuperaron algunos fragmentos de cerámica, piedras de lastre y una bala de cañón de piedra caliza. El estudio global de los hallazgos permitió asignar estos restos a una cronología alrededor de la primera mitad del siglo XVI. Recientemente se llevaron a cabo análisis de identificación de la madera; los resultados indican el uso de especies tropicales de América del Sur en la construcción del barco construido en casco tingladillo. Estos datos nos permiten sugerir que este sitio puede pertenecer a una fase inicial de la relación entre las Américas y la Península Ibérica.

Abstract The Ria de Aveiro F site was discovered during preventive archaeological works carried out in the scope of the 2002 expansion of Aveiro's harbour into the Ria de Aveiro, a lagoon system located in northern Portugal which played a great role in the salt trade of the Early Modern period. Despite the global destruction of the context caused by the dredging works, several well preserved structural elements were recovered. They belonged to two ships, a carvel-built one and a clinker-built one. The former features several construction characteristics that are common in the Mediterranean. The latter possibly corresponds to a small support boat. Beside the structural findings, several rigging elements wooden and rope artifacts, some pottery shards, ballast stones and a limestone cannonball were also recovered. The global study of the findings allowed to assign these remains to a chronology around the first half of the 16th century. Wood identification analysis were recently carried out; the results indicate the use of tropical, South American species in the construction of the clinker-built vessel. This data allows us to suggest that this site may belong to an initial phase of the relationship between the Americas and the Iberian Peninsula.

Resumo O sítio Ria de Aveiro F foi descoberto durante o acompanhamento arqueológico das obras de expansão do porto de Aveiro, em 2002, num dos esteiros da Ria de Aveiro, sistema lagunar situado no Norte de Portugal com grande relevância no comércio de sal durante a Idade Moderna. Apesar da destruição global do contexto causada pelas dragagens, foram recuperados vários elementos estruturais bem preservados pertencentes a duas embarcações, uma com casco liso e outra com casco trincado. A primeira apresenta várias características construtivas comuns no Mediterrâneo. A segunda corresponde provavelmente a uma embarcação de apoio. Além dos achados estruturais, foram recuperados vários elementos de poleame e massame, alguns fragmentos de cerâmica, pedras de lastro e um pelouro em calcário. O estudo global dos achados permitiu apontar para uma cronologia da primeira metade do século XVI. Recentemente foram efectuadas análises de identificação das madeiras, que indicam a utilização de espécies tropicais autóctones do território sul-americano no casco trincado. Estes dados permitem reflectir sobre a inscrição deste contexto numa fase inicial das relações entre a Península Ibérica e a América.

Abstract On September 12, 1942, the British ship Laconia was sunk off the coast of West Africa by the submarine U Boat 156 commanded by Korvettenkapitän Werner Hartenstein. The Laconia carried 1,800 Italian war prisoners, 80 civilians and 428 British and Polish soldiers. After the disaster, seeing the situation, Hartenstein began his work fulfilling the duty of relief and displaying a Red Cross flag. Despite this, an American B-24 bomber attacked thus expanding the disaster. British propaganda displayed the idea that German submarines mercilessly attacked convoys. The "Laconia Order" was not completely fulfilled because the Germans continued their help despite the "letter" of that order. The U-Boat Commander, Karl Dönitz, was prosecuted in Nuremberg, and the testimony of Admiral Nimitz clarified many things. Those who died remain in the Atlantic Ocean. Rest in peace.

Resumen El 12 de septiembre de 1942 el barco británico Laconia fue hundido en la costa de África occidental por el submarino U Boat 156 al mando del Korvettenkapitän Werner Hartenstein. El Laconia transportaba 1.800 prisioneros de guerra italianos, 80 civiles y 428 soldados británicos y polacos. Tras el desastre, viendo la situación, Hartenstein inició su trabajo cumpliendo con el deber de socorro y desplegando una bandera de la Cruz Roja. A pesar de ello, un bombardero americano B-24 atacó ampliando el desastre. La propaganda británica desplegó la idea de que los submarinos alemanes atacaban sin contemplaciones. La "Orden Laconia" tampoco se cumplió del todo pues los alemanes siguieron socorriendo a pesar de la "letra" de dicha orden. El Jefe de Submarinos, Karl Dönitz, fue procesado en Nüremberg, el testimonio del Almirante Nimitz aclaró muchas cosas. Los muertos quedaron en el Atlántico. Descansen en paz.

Abstract: Background and Aims: In September 2001, the coral reef of the San Lorenzo Channel, La Paz Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico, was affected by the stranding of the oil tank vessel “Lázaro Cárdenas II”. Soon afterwards, hurricane “Juliette” hit the area with strong winds and water movement, disturbing the reef again. After that, three zones could be observed in the reef: one directly impacted by the shipwreck, one indirectly impacted by the hurricane, which moved and accumulated the coral debris left by the shipwreck, and the third one, which was not impacted. Later, a monitoring program was established to determine the degree of recovery of macroalgal assemblages in both impacted zones compared with the non-impacted one. Methods: From February 2005 to December 2007, macroalgae were collected seasonally by scuba divers in the three zones. In each zone, three to five thalli of all conspicuous algae, five rocks and five fragments of dead coral covered with macroalgal turfs were collected. Species number and composition of macroalgae assemblages were compared between zones and between years. Key results: A total of 117 species were found, 70 belonged to the phylum Rhodophyta, 25 to Ochrophyta-Phaeophyceae, and 22 to Chlorophyta. Macroalgal species richness and composition of the impacted zones were not different from the control zone, even between years. Conclusions: Macroalgal assemblages in the San Lorenzo Channel coral reef were able to recover, regardless of the modification of the substrate caused by the stranding and the hurricane “Juliette” in 2001. Therefore, it is important to implement monitoring efforts in case of anthropogenic or natural disturbance to document the extension of damage, recovery of the communities, and propose mitigation strategies if necessary.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: El arrecife de coral del Canal de San Lorenzo, Bahía de La Paz, Golfo de California, México, se vio afectado por el varamiento del tanque petrolero “Lázaro Cárdenas II” en septiembre de 2001. Poco después, el huracán “Juliette” golpeó el área con fuertes vientos y movimiento de agua que perturbaron nuevamente al arrecife. Después de esto, se pudieron observar tres zonas en el arrecife: una directamente impactada por el encallamiento, otra indirectamente impactada por el huracán, que movió y acumuló los restos de coral que dejó el encallamiento, y la tercera no impactada. Posteriormente, se estableció un programa de monitoreo para determinar el grado de recuperación de los ensambles de macroalgas en ambas zonas impactadas en comparación con la zona no impactada. Métodos: De febrero de 2005 a diciembre de 2007, se recolectaron estacionalmente macroalgas en las tres zonas por medio de buceo. En cada zona, de tres a cinco talos de las especies de macroalgas conspicuas, cinco rocas y cinco fragmentos de coral muerto cubiertos con tapetes macroalgales fueron recolectados. El número de especies y la composición de los ensambles de macroalgas fueron comparados entre zonas y entre años. Resultados clave: Se encontró un total de 117 especies, 70 pertenecientes al filo Rhodophyta, 25 a Ochrophyta-Phaeophyceae y 22 a Chlorophyta. La riqueza de especies y composición de las macroalgas en las zonas impactadas no fueron diferentes de la zona control ni entre años. Conclusiones: Los ensambles de macroalgas en el arrecife de coral del Canal de San Lorenzo pudieron recuperarse independientemente de la modificación del sustrato a causa del varamiento del buque y del huracán “Juliette” en 2001. Por lo anterior, es importante implementar esfuerzos de monitoreo para que, en caso de que ocurra una perturbación antropogénica o natural, se pueda documentar la extensión del daño, la recuperación de la comunidad y proponer estrategias de mitigación si es necesario.

Resumen El 04 de agosto de 1906, el barco italiano Sirio embarrancó en unos bajos de la costa murciana. Desde Génova se dirigía a Argentina no sin antes hacer escalas en otros puertos, fuera de la ruta oficial, a fin de recoger emigrantes ilegales deseosos de ir a América aunque fueran alojados en las bodegas del barco. Al mando iba el Capitán Giussepe Piccone, con 46 años de navegación a sus espaldas, iba a ser su último viaje al mando del Sirio. Cerca de Cabo de Palos, navegando de forma inusualmente cercana a la costa, hacia las 16.00 horas embarrancó. En pocos minutos el Sirio quedó sumergido a popa y con la proa asomando desde el agua con escora a estribor. En el rescate intervino el pueblo sencillo, el patrón de un pequeño barco, el Joven Miguel y otros pescadores. Nunca se han conocido con certeza la lista de pasajeros, los fallecidos, desaparecidos y rescatados. La zona es hoy un lugar privilegiado para el submarinismo, paraíso para los amantes de los pecios. Cuando el Sirio finalmente se hundió el 13 de agosto, aún salieron a flote numerosos cadáveres. La avaricia de una compañía naviera tuvo mucho que ver con lo sucedido.

Abstract On August 4, 1906, the Italian ship Sirio ran into some shallows on the Murcian coast. She went from Genoa to Argentina, but not before stopping at other ports, off the official route, in order to pick up illegal immigrants who wanted to go to America even if they were housed in the ship's holds. Captain Giussepe Piccone was in command, with 46 years of sailing behind him, it was going to be his last trip commanding the Sirio. Near Cabo de Palos, sailing unusually close to the coast, at around 4:00 p.m., she ran aground. In few minutes the Sirio was submerged aft and with the bow sticking out from the water with a list to starboard. The rescue involved simple people, the owner of a small boat, Joven Miguel, and other fishermen. The list of passengers, the deceased, disappeared and rescued, has never been known with certainty. Today the area is a privileged place for scuba diving, a paradise for wreck lovers. When the Sirio finally sank on August 13, numerous corpses still surfaced. The greed of a shipping company was a cause of everything happened.

Resumo O presente artigo pretende demonstrar, a partir da navegação e do naufrágio como metáforas para a existência humana e para o estado atual da civilização ocidental, como o pensamento de Vilém Flusser contribui para uma conduta ética na época da imaginação digital e das imagens técnicas. Flusser é um dos poucos teóricos da mídia e das tecnologias digitais que oferece, através de conceitos basilares, uma resposta digna à desventura destrutiva em que se encontra a humanidade não somente nas realidades e espaços virtuais.

Abstract The present article aims to demonstrate, starting from navigation and shipwreck as metaphors for the human existence and the current state of western civilization, how the thinking of Vilém Flusser contributes to an ethical conduct in the age of digital imagination and technical images. Flusser is one of the few media and digital technologies theorists, who offers through basic concepts, a dignified answer to the destructive misadventure in which humanity finds itself, not only in virtual spaces and realities.

In Valdes peninsula, 22 km north of the Punta Delgada lighthouse, lie the remains of the steamship Presidente Roca. Since 1904, this vessel was used for transport along Patagonian courses. The ship was lost in 1909 because of a fire (Kludas, 1976). The boat remains woefully inadequate in relation to material that survived the catastrophe this paper seeks to address this problem. Metal-hulled and steam-powered shipwrecks have been studied within maritime archeology. This paper intends to address the formation processes that affected the steamship from before its sinking until present time. The main focus will be human action on the wreck. With this in mind, we apply the theoretical model of M. Gibbs (2006), which systematically organizes events concerning the loss of the ship and any further events that may affect a shipwreck

En la Península Valdés, 22 km al norte del faro de Punta Delgada, se encuentra el naufragio del vapor Presidente Roca. Desde 1904 esta embarcación estuvo destinada a las rutas de cabotaje patagónico. El buque se perdió en 1909, a causa de un incendio (Kludas, 1976). Sus restos son sumamente escasos en relación a los materiales que sobrevivieron a la catástrofe. En este trabajo se busca dar respuesta a dicha problemática. El estudio de embarcaciones de casco metálico y propulsadas a vapor ha sido una temática acotada dentro de la arqueología marítima. En este trabajo se propone abordar los procesos de formación de sitio en este tipo de pecios desde los momentos previos al naufragio hasta el presente. El foco apuntará principalmente a la acción humana sobre el pecio. Para tal fin se propone retomar el modelo teórico de M. Gibbs (2006), que sistematiza los sucesos en torno a la pérdida de un buque y los posibles eventos posteriores

Abstract: Background: The Veracruz Reef System is a protected area that gives shelter to the port of Veracruz and, therefore, has been subject to vessel groundings since the arrival of the Spanish in America. In the past century, at least 126 vessels ran aground and some of them now lie as shipwrecks where they are undergoing processes of recruitment and colonization. Goals: We studied the dominant community of algae in the Ana Elena shipwreck, Anegada de Afuera reef, Veracruz. Methods: Samples and observations are made by scuba diving and digital photograph on the bathymetric gradient of 5 to 12 m, from the captain´s bridge to the hull. Results: The dominant macroalgal assemblages from this wreck were described for the first time, and various algal community outcrops were observed (8 species of red macroalgae, 3 brown, and 6 green). The dominant species in each zone of the Ana Elena shipwreck at the captain´s bridge, corridor, and hull were Lithophyllum congestum (30%), Peyssonnelia inamoena (48%), and Lobophora variegata (50%), respectively. Conclusions: Light is a limiting factor in the settlement and dominance of these algae. Two new records for Mexico are reported: Dictyota friabilis Setchell and Anadyomene saldanhae A. B. Joly et E. C. Oliveira.

Resumen: Antecedentes: El Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano es un área protegida que da abrigo al puerto de Veracruz y, que, desde la llegada de los españoles a América, ha estado sujeto a encallamientos. Durante el siglo pasado, encallaron al menos 126 embarcaciones; algunas yacen actualmente en calidad de pecios, y en ellas se llevan a cabo procesos de reclutamiento y colonización. Objetivos: Estudiar la comunidad algal dominante del pecio Ana Elena, situado en el arrecife Anegada de Afuera, en Veracruz. Métodos: Las coletas y observaciones se realizaron mediante buceo autónomo y toma de fotografía digital sobre el gradiente batimétrico de 5 a 12 m, desde el puente de mando hasta el casco. Resultados: Por primera vez, se describe la estructura de los ensambles macroalgales dominantes del pecio y se observan los florecimientos de diversas comunidades algales (8 especies de macroalgas rojas, 3 pardas y 6 verdes). Las especies dominantes en cada zona de muestreo del pecio Ana Elena son: Lithophyllum congestum (30%) en el puente de mando, Peyssonnelia inamoena (48%) en el pasillo y Lobophora variegata (50%), en el casco. Conclusiones: La luz es el factor limitante para el establecimiento y la dominancia de estas algas. Se dan a conocer dos nuevos registros para la flora algal de México: Dictyota friabilis Setchell y Anadyomene saldanhae A. B. Joly et E. C. Oliveira.

Este trabajo presenta una lectura interpretativa de la memoria en la novela Formas de volver a casa (2011) del escritor chileno Alejandro Zambra, con la intención de proponer la metáfora del naufragio y su imaginario como el eje que construye el sentido de pérdida representado en la obra. Esta metáfora se articula en tres aspectos tematizados en la misma: el cuerpo, el espacio y la escritura. Naufragio y memoria se desplazan a contratiempo en la novela de Zambra y crean una sinécdoque particular de la derrota política del sujeto contemporáneo.

This essay focuses on an interpretative lecture about the representation of memory in Alejandro Zambra's Formas de volver a casa (2011). Thinking shipwreck metaphor and its imaginary as the axis that makes the sense of loss throughout the novel, this work analyses three thematic forms that give the idea of memory: body, space and writing. Shipwreck and memory move in counter rhythm in Zambra's novel, creating a unique synecdoche of the contemporary subject's political defeat.