Resumen Este artículo analiza el carácter ambivalente del cerro Chaparrí en la mitología de la costa norte peruana en base al estudio de una serie de mitos que describen los enfrentamientos entre este cerro y el Yanahuanca. Dichos mitos, presentes en distintas fuentes documentales, explican la agencia que se atribuye al cerro y cómo es invocado hoy en las “mesas” o sesiones rituales de maestros curanderos y brujos de una amplia región. Chaparrí es percibido como un “curandero”, asociado con la identidad del Sol, y como un “brujo-malero” que devora las sombras de quienes lo atraviesan y de sus víctimas. Esta doble identidad explica la diversidad y complejidad de prácticas rituales que tienen al cerro como escenario, o en las que su “encanto” es invocado. El enfoque del texto es etnográfico y aborda nociones de agencia, intencionalidad, humanidad, petrificación o la materialidad del cerro Chaparrí, sobre el que no contamos con estudios monográficos en la literatura americanista.

Abstract This article analyzes the ambivalent character of Cerro Chaparrí in the mythology of the northern Peruvian coast through the study of a series of myths describing the confrontations between this hill and the Yanahuanca. These myths, present in different documentary sources, explain the agency attributed to the hill and how it is invoked today in the “mesas” or ritual sessions of master healers and witches of a wide region. Chaparri is considered a “healer”, associated with the identity of the Sun, as well as a “witch” who devours the shadows of those who pass through him and his victims. This double identity explains the diversity and complexity of ritual practices that use the hill as a setting, or in which its “charm” is invoked. The approach of the text is ethnographic addressing notions of agency, intentionality, humanity, petrification or the materiality of Cerro Chaparrí, of which there are no monographic studies in Americanist literature.

Abstract: In the midst of job field changes for journalism and communication, including a crisis in the media industry and growing precarization of working conditions, a new area of the profession has been gaining strength: entrepreneurial journalism. Through a qualitative approach and semistructured interviews with 15 Chilean entrepreneurial journalists, we aim to identify their motivations for entrepreneurship, perceived difficulties and benefits, and personal or professional characteristics. Among the results, it is highlighted that the main motivation lies in disappointment or discomfort with traditional workspaces; professional development stands out among the benefits; financial instability is a major difficulty; and resilience is the predominant personal characteristic. Among the main conclusions, we observe that this new professional profile is often framed more by contextual reasons than by vocational decisions.

Resumen: Los cambios del campo laboral para el periodismo y la comunicación incluyen una crisis en la industria de los medios y una creciente precarización de las condiciones laborales. Este escenario ha potenciado un área relativamente nueva para la profesión: el periodismo emprendedor. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 periodistas emprendedores chilenos, exploramos sus motivaciones, dificultades y beneficios percibidos, y características personales y profesionales. Entre las principales motivaciones para transformarse en un periodista emprendedor se cuentan la decepción o incomodidad frente a los espacios laborales tradicionales; el desarrollo profesional emerge como uno de los beneficios más destacados; la inestabilidad financiera es una de las mayores dificultades y la capacidad de resiliencia es una característica personal predominante. Entre las principales conclusiones observamos que, muchas veces, este nuevo perfil profesional se enmarca más en razones contextuales que en decisiones vocacionales.

RESUMEN En la siguiente investigación se presenta el cálculo de las potencialidades de generación fotovoltaica a partir del aprovechamiento de las superficies de cubiertas de las edificaciones para un caso de estudio. Para ello se partió de un estudio energético realizado en la instalación con el objetivo de identificar la demanda que se pretende satisfacer y se ejecutó el levantamiento constructivo de la edificación libres de sombra que pueden emplearse para el montaje de paneles fotovoltaicos considerando las dimensiones, orientación e inclinación de sus cubiertas, además se obtuvo la información meteorológica específica del territorio, necesaria para los cálculos de generación y su inclusión en el software especializado PVSyst. La simulación con el PVSyst evidenció que en la empresa existe un área disponible de cubiertas de edificaciones de 1 317 m2, superficie donde es posible instalar un total de 510 módulos fotovoltaicos, con una capacidad de generación de 281 kWp y una generación anual real de 508 416 kWh/año. Dicha instalación fotovoltaica es capaz de cubrir el 102.65% de la demanda energética de la instalación.

ABSTRACT The following research presents the calculation of the photovoltaic generation potential from the use of the roof surfaces of buildings for a case study. For this purpose, an energy study was carried out in the facility to identify the demand to be satisfied, and the constructive survey of the building was executed free of shadows that can be used for the mounting of photovoltaic panels considering the dimensions, orientation, and inclination of their roofs, in addition, the specific meteorological information of the territory was obtained, necessary for the generation calculations and its inclusion in the specialized software PVSyst. The PVSyst simulation showed that the company has an available area of 1,317 m2 of building roofs, an area where it is possible to install a total of 510 photovoltaic modules, with a generation capacity of 281 kWp and a real annual generation of 508,416 kWh/year. This photovoltaic installation is capable of covering 102.65 % of the facility's energy demand.

Resumen: En torno a las redes sociales se pueden establecer contradicciones con las que se convive: identidad individual versus identidad social, exhibicionismo versus privacidad y satisfacción versus evasión, entre otras. Entre ambos extremos transitan sombras en forma de procesos de desinformación, visión naif de la influencia de las redes sociales o falta de consciencia sobre sus repercusiones, que impiden a los jóvenes un desarrollo integral. Es necesario identificar factores intervinientes en el flujo y direccionalidad de estas contradicciones. El estudio presentado sigue un diseño de investigación cuantitativo, de carácter no experimental, transversal, descriptivo, inferencial y correlacional. La técnica empleada ha sido la encuesta y el instrumento utilizado un cuestionario compuesto por preguntas de carácter sociodemográfico y seis escalas: motivación-evasión, motivación-autoexpresión, satisfacciónadicción, privacidad en redes sociales, imágenes/vídeos en red e impacto identidad digital. La muestra participante fue de 658 estudiantes de distintas universidades españolas. Los resultados evidencian una correlación con diferente grado de intensidad entre las seis escalas. Asimismo, la prueba de Kruskal Wallis evidenció que factores como el género, edad, frecuencia diaria de uso de redes sociales, número de seguidores, privacidad del perfil en redes, parecido entre la imagen real y virtual y conciencia social e imagen personal en las redes inciden en las seis dimensiones estudiadas. Todo apunta a la necesidad de seguir trabajando en niveles universitarios sobre el uso que los estudiantes hacen de estas redes mediante la implementación de procesos de educomunicación, ya que la gestión de la privacidad, la autopresentación y la configuración de la identidad en estas redes son ámbitos necesarios y fundamentales en la sociedad actual.

Abstract: Around social networks, contradictions can be established with which one lives: individual identity versus social identity, exhibitionism versus privacy and satisfaction versus evasion, among others. Between both extremes there are shadows in the form of misinformation processes, a naive vision of the influence of social networks or lack of awareness about its repercussions, which prevent young people from integral development. It is necessary to identify factors involved in the flow and directionality of these contradictions. The study presented follows a quantitative research design, of a non-experimental, transversal, descriptive, inferential and correlational nature. The technique used was the survey and the instrument used was a questionnaire composed of sociodemographic questions and six scales: Motivation-avoidance, motivation-self-expression, satisfaction-addiction, privacy on social networks, online images/videos and digital identity impact. The participating sample was 658 students from different Spanish universities. The results show a correlation with different degrees of intensity between the six scales. Likewise, the Kruskal Wallis test showed that factors such as gender, age, daily frequency of use of social networks, number of followers, profile privacy on networks, similarity between the real and virtual image and social awareness and personal image on the networks affect the six dimensions studied. Everything points to the need to continue working at university levels on the use that students make of these networks through the implementation of educommunication processes, since the management of privacy, self-presentation and the configuration of identity in these networks are necessary and fundamental areas in today’s society.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise crítica dos três delitos de abuso sexual incorporados ao Código Penal (CP) do Uruguai por meio da Lei nº 19.580 (Lei de Violência de Gênero contra a Mulher). São eles o delito de abuso sexual (art. 272-BIS do CP), o delito de abuso sexual especialmente agravado (art. 272-TER do CP) e o delito de abuso sexual sem contato corporal (art. 273-BIS do CP). Em suma, o objetivo deste trabalho é determinar o alcance de cada uma dessas infrações penais, para o qual serão analisados os elementos comuns a todas elas (bem jurídico protegido, sujeitos envolvidos e dolo direto), bem como as particularidades que cada um desses tipos penais apresenta, destacando os acertos e erros dessa nova legislação penal

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to carry out a critical analysis of the three crimes of sexual abuse incorporated into the Penal Code (PC) of Uruguay by the Law No. 19,580 (Law on Gender-Based Violence Against Women). These are the crime of sexual abuse (art. 272-BIS of the PC), the crime of especially aggravated sexual abuse (art. 272-TER of the PC) and the crime of sexual abuse without bodily contact (art. 273-BIS of the PC). In short, the purpose of this work is to determine the scope of each of these criminal figures, for which the elements common to all of them will be analyzed (protected legal property, subjects involved and criminal intent), as well as the particularities that each of these criminal types presents, highlighting the successes and errors presented by this new criminal legislation

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene por objeto realizar un análisis crítico de los tres delitos de abuso sexual incorporados al Código Penal (CP) de Uruguay mediante la Ley n.º 19.580 (Ley de Violencia hacia las Mujeres Basada en Género). Estos son el delito de abuso sexual (art. 272-BIS del CP), el delito de abuso sexual especialmente agravado (art. 272-TER del CP) y el delito de abuso sexual sin contacto corporal (art. 273-BIS del CP). En definitiva, la finalidad de este trabajo consiste en determinar el alcance de cada una de estas figuras penales, para lo cual se analizarán los elementos comunes a todas ellas (bien jurídico protegido, sujetos involucrados y dolo directo), así como las particularidades que presenta cada uno de estos tipos penales, destacando los aciertos y errores que presenta esta nueva legislación penal

Zwelidumile "Dumile" Feni's affecting journey unfolds as he flees South Africa in 1968, seeking political exile in England until 1978, and subsequently relocating to the United States, where he painted and sculpted until his passing in 1991. The spectral echoes of his life find resonance in his daughter's narrative within Ramadan Suleman and Bhekizizwe Peterson's film 'Zwelidumile'. This article argues that we must situate this documentary in context by examining the emotional toll and narrative accounts of the longer history of displacement brought about by colonialism and apartheid. The analysis begins by listening to the haunting signs within the documentary, revealing three moving themes. The first theme peels back the layers of secrecy, spotlighting the revelation of Marriam's biological father - drawing attention to the spectral and melancholic imbrication. The narrative then explores Feni's life in exile, examining his deliberate silence on familial matters in South Africa. The last of the three themes looks into Marriam's acknowledged but bewildering loss, exploring its implications for a sense of self and continuity. Zwelidumile exemplifies Bhekizizwe Peterson's steadfast commitment to shedding light on the complex nuances of the black experience and emphasising narrative's vital role as an essential component of what makes us human.

Zwelidumile "Dumile" Feni's affecting journey unfolds as he flees South Africa in 1968, seeking political exile in England until 1978, and subsequently relocating to the United States, where he painted and sculpted until his passing in 1991. The spectral echoes of his life find resonance in his daughter's narrative within Ramadan Suleman and Bhekizizwe Peterson's film 'Zwelidumile'. This article argues that we must situate this documentary in context by examining the emotional toll and narrative accounts of the longer history of displacement brought about by colonialism and apartheid. The analysis begins by listening to the haunting signs within the documentary, revealing three moving themes. The first theme peels back the layers of secrecy, spotlighting the revelation of Marriam's biological father - drawing attention to the spectral and melancholic imbrication. The narrative then explores Feni's life in exile, examining his deliberate silence on familial matters in South Africa. The last of the three themes looks into Marriam's acknowledged but bewildering loss, exploring its implications for a sense of self and continuity. Zwelidumile exemplifies Bhekizizwe Peterson's steadfast commitment to shedding light on the complex nuances of the black experience and emphasising narrative's vital role as an essential component of what makes us human.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a implantação das equipes de Consultório na Rua, cofinanciadas pelo Ministério da Saúde, em território nacional, no período de 2018 a 2023, com foco na perspectiva da equidade e na abrangência dos cuidados em saúde prestados à população em situação de rua no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, com técnicas de distribuição espacial, baseado em dados secundários de equipes de Consultório na Rua implantadas. A análise dos dados sobre a implantação das eCnaR apresentou evoluções importantes em direção à democratização do acesso aos serviços de saúde. Durante o período de 2018 a julho de 2023, registrou-se um incremento de 21,73% no número de equipes cofinanciadas pelo Ministério da Saúde.

Resumen El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la implementación de los equipos de Consultorio en la Calle (eCR, sigla en portugués), cofinanciados por el Ministerio de Salud, en territorio nacional, durante el período de 2018 a 2023, con un enfoque en la perspectiva de equidad y en la amplitud de los cuidados en salud prestados a la población en situación de calle en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, de enfoque cuantitativo, con técnicas de distribución espacial, basado en datos secundarios de los equipos de Consultorio en la Calle implementados. El análisis de los datos sobre la implementación de los eCR mostró una evolución significativa hacia la democratización del acceso a los servicios de salud. Durante el período de 2018 a julio de 2023, se registró un incremento del 21,73% en el número de equipos cofinanciados por el Ministerio de Salud.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the implementation of Street Clinic teams, co-financed by the Ministry of Health, in the national territory from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the perspective of equity and the scope of healthcare provided to Brazilian people living on the streets. This quantitative, exploratory study employed spatial distribution techniques based on secondary data from implemented Street Clinic teams. The data analysis on the implementation of eCR showed significant developments toward democratizing access to health services. An increase of 21,73% in the number of teams co-financed by the Ministry of Health was observed from 2018 to 2023.

Resumen Objetivo: Explorar las experiencias de personas que desarrollan proyectos e intervenciones en los que la participación-acción comunitaria constituye una herramienta estratégica para reducir las desigualdades en salud. Método: Estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas realizadas en línea a personas consideradas expertas en el desarrollo de estrategias de promoción de la salud con participación comunitaria. Se seleccionaron 12 personas de los ámbitos sanitario, sociosanitario, académico y asociativo. Los textos se analizaron siguiendo el enfoque de análisis temático del contenido. Resultados: La fortaleza destacada de los procesos en los que están involucradas las personas entrevistadas es su enfoque participativo. Sin embargo, no existe una apuesta real por promover la participación comunitaria desde la atención primaria de salud, y la precariedad ha sido señalada como la gran debilidad en el desarrollo de proyectos de promoción de la salud participativos. La sostenibilidad de los procesos participativos se basa en la transferencia de conocimiento hacia la comunidad y en su empoderamiento. Conclusiones: Los procesos participativos han demostrado su capacidad para resituar a la comunidad como parte esencial que es del sistema sanitario. Sería interesante utilizar una herramienta de medición de la participación en toda acción comunitaria para la salud, tanto para orientar su diseño y planificación como para evaluar la profundidad de la participación y su impacto en el proceso. Mejorar las expectativas de la acción comunitaria para la salud en un futuro próximo pasa por potenciar una orientación comunitaria de la atención primaria y la intersectorialidad, lo que implica una gran apuesta institucional y política.

Abstract Objective: To explore the experiences of individuals who develop projects and interventions where community participation-action constitutes a strategic tool for reducing health inequalities. Method: Qualitative study based on semi-structured, in-depth online interviews with individuals considered experts in the development of health promotion strategies involving community participation. A total of 12 individuals from the healthcare, social healthcare, academic, and associative backgrounds were selected. The texts were analyzed following the thematic content analysis approach. Results: The prominent strength of the processes involving the interviewed individuals is their participatory approach. However, there is no genuine commitment to promoting community participation from primary healthcare, and precarity has been identified as a significant weakness in the development of participatory health promotion projects. The sustainability of participatory processes relies on the transfer of knowledge to the community and their empowerment. Conclusions: Participatory processes have demonstrated their ability to reposition the community as an essential part of the healthcare system. It would be interesting to use a measurement tool for participation in all community health actions, both to guide their design and planning and to assess the depth of participation and its impact on the process. Enhancing community action expectations for health in the near future involves promoting a community-oriented approach in primary care and intersectoral collaboration, which requires a significant institutional and policy commitment.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the association between underlying dentin shadows (UDS) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 15-19-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. This population-based cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 1,197 15–19-year-old adolescents attending 31 public and private schools from Santa Maria, Brazil. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to evaluate the OHRQoL, and clinical examinations were performed by two calibrated examiners (intra/interexaminer kappa values for caries examination ≥ 0.80) to diagnose UDS (ICDAS code 4 caries lesions). Sociodemographic information and clinical characteristics (overall caries experience, traumatic dental injury, malocclusion, and gingivitis) were also collected as adjusting variables. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between UDS and OHRQoL. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. The UDS prevalence was 8.8% (n = 106 adolescents). In the adjusted models, adolescents with UDS had poorer OHRQoL than those without UDS, and the strength of the association was dependent on the number of lesions per individual. Individuals with 1-2 UDS had a mean OHIP-14 score 8% higher (RR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.01–1.17) than adolescents without UDS, while those with 3-4 UDS had a mean score 35% higher (RR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.12–1.63). This negative association was related to physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap domains. This study showed that UDS was associated negatively with OHRQoL among 15–19-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. The negative effect of UDS on OHRQoL emphasizes the importance of addressing issues regarding OHRQoL even in the posterior teeth of adolescents. (UDS healthrelated health (OHRQoL 1519yearold yearold 15 19 year old Brazil populationbased population based crosssectional cross sectional 1197 1 197 1,19 15–19yearold 15–19 3 Maria Profile14 Profile 14 Profile-1 OHIP14 OHIP (OHIP-14 intra/interexaminer intrainterexaminer intra interexaminer 0.80 080 0 80 ICDAS lesions. . lesions) overall experience injury malocclusion gingivitis variables RR 95 CI (CI estimated 88 8 8.8 n 10 adolescents) individual 12 2 1- OHIP-1 1.08 108 08 95%CI 95CI 1.01–1.17 101117 01 17 34 3- 35 1.35 135 1.12–1.63. 112163 1.12–1.63 63 1.12–1.63) disability domains 119 1,1 19yearold 1519 15–1 Profile1 Profile- OHIP1 (OHIP-1 0.8 9 8. OHIP- 1.0 1.01–1.1 10111 1.3 13 11216 1.12–1.6 6 11 1, 151 15– (OHIP- 0. 1. 1.01–1. 1011 1121 1.12–1. (OHIP 1.01–1 101 112 1.12–1 1.01– 1.12– 1.01 1.12 1.1

Resumen El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la implementación de los equipos de Consultorio en la Calle (eCR, sigla en portugués), cofinanciados por el Ministerio de Salud, en territorio nacional, durante el período de 2018 a 2023, con un enfoque en la perspectiva de equidad y en la amplitud de los cuidados en salud prestados a la población en situación de calle en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, de enfoque cuantitativo, con técnicas de distribución espacial, basado en datos secundarios de los equipos de Consultorio en la Calle implementados. El análisis de los datos sobre la implementación de los eCR mostró una evolución significativa hacia la democratización del acceso a los servicios de salud. Durante el período de 2018 a julio de 2023, se registró un incremento del 21,73% en el número de equipos cofinanciados por el Ministerio de Salud. eCR, (eCR portugués, portugués , portugués) Salud nacional 201 2023 Brasil exploratorio cuantitativo espacial implementados 2173 21 73 21,73 20 202 217 2 7 21,7 21,

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the implementation of Street Clinic teams, co-financed by the Ministry of Health, in the national territory from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the perspective of equity and the scope of healthcare provided to Brazilian people living on the streets. This quantitative, exploratory study employed spatial distribution techniques based on secondary data from implemented Street Clinic teams. The data analysis on the implementation of eCR showed significant developments toward democratizing access to health services. An increase of 21,73% in the number of teams co-financed by the Ministry of Health was observed from 2018 to 2023. cofinanced co financed 201 2023 streets quantitative services 2173 21 73 21,73 20 202 217 2 7 21,7 21,

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a implantação das equipes de Consultório na Rua, cofinanciadas pelo Ministério da Saúde, em território nacional, no período de 2018 a 2023, com foco na perspectiva da equidade e na abrangência dos cuidados em saúde prestados à população em situação de rua no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, com técnicas de distribuição espacial, baseado em dados secundários de equipes de Consultório na Rua implantadas. A análise dos dados sobre a implantação das eCnaR apresentou evoluções importantes em direção à democratização do acesso aos serviços de saúde. Durante o período de 2018 a julho de 2023, registrou-se um incremento de 21,73% no número de equipes cofinanciadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Saúde nacional 201 2023 Brasil Tratase Trata se quantitativa espacial implantadas registrouse registrou 2173 21 73 21,73 20 202 217 2 7 21,7 21,

RESUMEN A partir de una comprensión amplia de la sombra como concepto espacial, este ensayo propone una revisión bibliográfica sobre las representaciones de la sombra en la historia de la pintura tradicional occidental, tanto en su dimensión técnica como simbólica. A través de imágenes específicas, el texto comenta la temática, limitándose a un marco temporal, desde los mitos fundacionales de la pintura en la Edad Antigua hasta el siglo XVI. El choque teórico confronta una idea preestablecida de que las representaciones de sombras anteriores al Cinquecento ocurrían sólo de manera intuitiva. Con ello buscamos demostrar que, a pesar de las limitaciones técnicas de la pintura medieval, las sombras ya eran utilizadas como elementos articuladores de significado al ofrecer testimonio y representación de alguna corporalidad. espacial occidental simbólica específicas temática temporal XVI intuitiva medieval corporalidad

ABSTRACT Starting from a broad understanding of the shadow as a spatial concept, this essay proposes a bibliographic review on the representations of shadow in the history of traditional Western painting, both in its technical and symbolic dimensions. Through specific images, the text comments on this theme, limiting itself to a time frame, since the founding myths of painting in the Ancient Age until the 16th century. The theoretical clash confronts a pre-established idea that the shadow representations prior to the Cinquecento happened only in an intuitive way. Thereby, it seeks to demonstrate, despite the technical limitations of medieval painting, that shadows were already used as articulating elements of meaning when offering testimony and representation of some corporeality. concept dimensions images theme frame th century preestablished pre established way Thereby demonstrate corporeality

RESUMO Partindo de um amplo entendimento da sombra como conceito espacial, o presente ensaio propõe uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as representações de sombra na história da pintura ocidental tradicional, tanto em suas dimensões técnicas quanto simbólicas. Por meio de imagens pontuais, o texto comenta este tema, limitando-se a um recorte temporal, desde os mitos fundadores da pintura na Idade Antiga até o século XVI. O embate teórico confronta uma ideia preestabelecida de que as representações de sombra anteriores ao Cinquecento ocorreram apenas de maneira intuitiva. Com isso, busca-se demonstrar que, apesar das limitações técnicas da pintura medieval, as sombras já eram utilizadas como elementos articuladores de significado ao oferecer testemunho e representação de alguma corporeidade. espacial tradicional simbólicas pontuais tema limitandose limitando se temporal XVI intuitiva isso buscase busca medieval corporeidade

ABSTRACT The individual and collective trauma of military dictatorship remains in contemporary Brazil. For native communities, who have historically suffered colonial oppression, the impact of developmental politics increased their vulnerability, making them “victims of the Miracle” as stated by Shelton Davis (1977), referring to the “Milagre Econômico” in 20th century’s Brazil. As a way of resistance, indigenist and indigenous contemporary authors and artists have sought to decolonise History as well as produce their own spaces of memory and representation. Thus, this study intends to analyse, 60 years on from the 64 Coup, how contemporary ecocriticism has been representing the shadows of military dictatorship in contemporary Brazil from the work of composers, visual artists, and writers. communities oppression vulnerability victims Miracle 1977, 1977 , (1977) Milagre Econômico th centurys century s resistance representation Thus analyse 6 Coup composers writers 197 (1977 19 (197 1 (19 (1 (

RESUMO O trauma individual e coletivo da Ditadura Militar permanece no Brasil contemporâneo. Em relação às populações nativas, que historicamente sofreram a opressão colonial, o impacto da política desenvolvimentista aumentou a sua vulnerabilidade, tornando-as “vítimas do Milagre”, como afirmou Shelton Davis (1977), referindo-se ao “Milagre Econômico” no Brasil do século XX. Como forma de resistência, autores e artistas contemporâneos, indigenistas e indígenas, têm buscado decolonizar a História, bem como produzir seus próprios espaços de memória e representação. Assim, este estudo pretende analisar, 60 anos após o Golpe de 64, como a ecocrítica contemporânea vem representando as sombras da ditadura militar no Brasil contemporâneo a partir do trabalho de compositores, artistas plásticos e escritores. nativas colonial vulnerabilidade tornandoas tornando vítimas Milagre, Milagre , Milagre” 1977, 1977 (1977) referindose referindo se Econômico XX resistência contemporâneos indígenas História representação Assim analisar 6 64 compositores escritores 197 (1977 19 (197 1 (19 (1 (

Resumen En este trabajo, propongo explorar el concepto de “oscuridad” (darkness) y su relación con la creciente criminalización, clandestinidad e invisibilidad de la fuerza de trabajo informalizada en el Sur de Europa. Tomando por caso el contexto español, y centrando la atención en dos tipos de trabajo de facto informalizados, altamente feminizados, migrantes y racializados (trabajadoras sexuales y empleadas del hogar) propongo explorar cómo las estrategias públicas de gobierno (discurso y políticas públicas) de las últimas tres décadas utilizan una retórica basada en la oscuridad para criminalizar, re-estigmatizar y “poner en la sombra” a este cuerpo de trabajo informalizado nocturno. Aspirando a acercar el vínculo entre oscuridad, informalidad, migración y estudios feministas, concluyo que las geografías morales de las ciudades españolas procuran desplazar las actividades informales nocturnas hacia espacios crecientemente invisibles y clandestinos, moralizando sobre las mismas en el espacio público, pero permitiendo, tolerando o incluso favoreciendo su reproducción en espacios privados.

Resumo Neste documento, proponho-me explorar o conceito de “escuridão” e a sua relação com as estratégias de crescente criminalização, clandestinização e invisibilidadedo trabalho informal na Europa do Sul. Tomando o contexto espanhol como um caso, e centrando-me em dois tipos de trabalho de facto informal, altamente feminizado, migrante e racializado (trabalhadoras do sexo e trabalhadoras domésticas), proponho-me explorar como as estratégias públicas do governança (discurso e políticas públicas) das últimas três décadas utilizam uma retórica baseada na obscuridade para criminalizar, reestigmatizar e “pôr na sombra” este corpo de trabalho noturno informalizado. Com o objectivo de aproximar a ligação entre a escuridão, a migração, a informalidade e os estudos feministas, concluo que as geografias morais das cidades espanholas procuram deslocar as actividades nocturnas informais para espaços cada vez mais invisíveis e clandestinos, moralizando-as no espaço público, mas permitendo, tolerando ou mesmo favorecendo a sua reprodução em espaços privados.

Abstract In this paper, I propose to explore the concept of darkness and its relation to the increased criminalisation, clandestinisation and invisibility of informalised workers in Southern Europe. Taking the Spanish context as a case, and focusing on two types of de facto informalised, highly feminised, migrant and racialised labour (sex workers and domestic employees), I propose to explore how public governance (discourse and public policy) of the last three decades use a rhetoric based on darkness aimed to criminalise, re-stigmatise and “put in the shadows” these informalised night workers. Aiming to construct closer engagements between debates around darkness, informality, migration and feminist studies, I conclude that the moral geographies of Spanish cities seek to displace informal nocturnal activities towards increasingly invisible and clandestine spaces, moralising about them in public space, but permitting, tolerating or even favouring their reproduction in private spaces.

Abstract The year 2021 marked the first three decades of the 1991 Political Constitution of Colombia. A constitutional text that has been celebrated worldwide for being one of the first of the new Latin American constitutionalism. However, fundamental rights were not its only novelty, the territorial model was also new: a unitary model with territorial autonomy and decentralization was adopted. To this end, the Constituents provided for new figures such as regions and indigenous territorial entities. In any case, these figures remained in the hands of the Legislator to be developed. This text analyzes how, despite the passage of time, more than thirty years later, they continue to be two of the great shadows of our territorial organization.

Resumen En el año 2021 se celebraron las primeras tres décadas de la Constitución Política de 1991 de Colombia. Un texto constitucional que ha sido celebrado a nivel mundial por ser uno de los primeros del nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano. Sin embargo, los derechos fundamentales no fueron su única novedad, el modelo territorial también lo fue: se adoptó un modelo unitario con autonomía territorial y descentralización. Para ello, los Constituyentes previeron nuevas figuras como las regiones y las entidades territoriales indígenas. No obstante, son figuras que quedaron en manos del Legislador para ser desarrolladas. Este texto analiza cómo pese al paso del tiempo, más de treinta años después, siguen siendo dos de las grandes sombras que tiene nuestro ordenamiento territorial.