Resumen: La expresión, selva de pedra, es uno de los epítetos más comunes que se utilizan para describir la megalópolis que es São Paulo, Brasil. Esta selva de piedra se caracteriza por un paisaje repleto de edificios que constituyen el triunfo de la modernidad, y a la misma vez esconde los desechos y mecanismos más crueles del capitalismo. Por ejemplo, el peonaje por deudas es un sistema de mecanismos capitalistas que subyugan y explotan al individuo en una manifestación de esclavitud moderna. Dicho lo anterior, el tema del peonaje por deudas aún es un discurso muy escaso en la producción cultural brasileña, pero recientemente ha surgido dentro del ámbito social gracias a la película 7 prisoneiros (2021) que trata el mismo tema para explorar la trata y explotación del ser humano en el paisaje urbano paulistano. Asimismo, el paisaje refleja la metamorfosis que ocurre en los personajes que sufren la explotación en el texto fílmico. En este artículo, uso el marco teórico de Teresa P.R. Caldeira, y su noción de fortified enclaves, y el discurso sociológico de Zygmunt Bauman, para analizar cómo el paisaje urbano (des)construye la subjetividad de los personajes en 7 prisoneiros (2021). A lo largo del texto, reconceptualizo el término de fortified enclaves, como enclaves de atrapamiento, para destacar cómo este espacio produce vidas desperdiciadas. De esta manera se puede delinear cómo el mecanismo de peonaje por deudas es un producto del sistema capitalista de extractivismo y explotación del ser humano que también se esconde en las sombras de la inmensa selva de piedra que es la ciudad de São Paulo.

Abstract: The expression, selva de pedra, is one of the most common epithets used to describe the megalopolis that is São Paulo, Brazil. This selva de pedra is characterized by a landscape of high-rises that indicate the triumph of modernity, but at the same time hides the wastes of capitalism and its cruellest mechanisms of power. For example, debt-bondage is a capitalistic system of mechanisms which subjugate and exploit individuals in a manifestation of modern-day slavery. Debt-bondage is a rare topic in today’s Brazilian cultural production but has come to surface recently in the social sphere due to the film, 7 prisoneiros (2021) that deals with the exploitation of individuals in the urban landscape of São Paulo. In this manner, the landscape reflects the metamorphosis that occurs in the characters who are exploited in the film. In this article, I use the theoretical framework of Teresa P.R. Caldeira and her notion of fortified enclaves, as well as Zygmunt Bauman’s sociological discourse, to analyse how the urban landscape (de)constructs the subjectivity of the characters in 7 prisoneiros. Throughout the text, I reconceptualize the notion of a fortified enclave, into an enclave of entrapment, to argue that this space produces wasted lives. Thus, one can delineate how debt-bondage is a by-product of extractivism and how this system exploits the individual and hides in the shadows of the immense concrete jungle that is São Paulo.

RESUMEN: Este artículo discute los vínculos entre arte, ciencia e investigación. En términos teórico-metodológicos, concibe y practica la escritura como experiencia de composición multimodal en clave de invención ficcional. A través de la activación de procesos heurísticos y poéticos, mediados por el montaje, ensaya una propuesta de escritura que busca tensar los procedimientos habituales del discurso académico. Las operaciones desplegadas se basan en la repetición como procedimiento de experimentación textual. Recuperamos postulados de Gertrude Stein acerca de la “composición como explicación”, algunos argumentos de Gilles Deleuze sobre la filosofía como arte de fabulación de conceptos y la potencialidad de las repeticiones para hacer emerger diferencias que no se subordinan a lo idéntico. Por último, ciertos principios decoloniales nos permiten desarmar las gramáticas lumínicas del paradigma ocularcéntrico occidental que establece formas de saber, mirar y sentir.

ABSTRACT: This article discusses the links between art, science and research. In theoretical-methodological terms, it conceives and practices writing as an experience of multimodal composition in the key of fictional invention. Through the activation of heuristic and poetic processes mediated by montage, it rehearses a writing proposal that seeks to tense the usual procedures of academic discourse. Displayed operations are based on repetition as a textual experimentation procedure. We consider Gertrude Stein’s postulates about “composition as explanation”, some of Gilles Deleuze’s arguments about philosophy as an art of fabulating concepts and the potentiality of repetitions to bring out differences not subordinated to the identical; and finally, certain decolonial principles that allow us to disarm the luminous grammars of the Western ocularcentric paradigm that establishes ways of knowing, looking and feeling.

ABSTRACT: The right to seek and receive asylum is a fundamental human right, which has been enshrined in the American Convention on Human Rights. In Chile, since the creation of Law 20,430 on refugee protection, 21,847 people have formally requested international protection under this right and many others have remained in the shadows without the option of having their case studied and eventually obtaining protection. This article describes and analyzes the obstacles to this human right, focusing, in particular, on the problems in the entry to the asylum procedure in the country, how this is a problem of legality in the actions of the administrative body and how the higher courts of justice have intervened to ensure respect and protection of this right, finally giving some ideas for a good approach to this situation. The methodology used by the authors corresponds to a legal analysis of legal norms, opinions of the Comptroller General of the Republic and national jurisprudence of the Chilean High Courts of Justice in recent years, added to the bibliographic review and the work experience of both authors with migrant, asylum seeker and refugee population.

RESUMEN: El derecho a buscar y recibir asilo es un derecho humano fundamental, que ha sido consagrado en la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos (CADH). En Chile, desde la creación de la Ley 20.430, sobre protección de refugiados, 21.847 personas han solicitado formalmente protección internacional bajo este derecho y muchas otras han quedado en las sombras sin opción de que su caso sea estudiado y puedan, eventualmente, obtener protección. Este artículo describe y analiza las trabas en este derecho humano, deteniéndose, en particular, en las problemáticas en el ingreso al procedimiento de asilo en el país, el cómo esto reviste un problema de legalidad en el actuar del órgano administrativo y cómo han sido los tribunales superiores de justicia los que han intervenido en pos del respeto y protección de este derecho, dando, finalmente, algunas ideas para el buen abordaje de esta situación. La metodología utilizada por las autoras corresponde a un análisis legal de normas jurídicas, dictámenes de la Contraloría General de la República (CGR) y jurisprudencia nacional de los tribunales superiores de justicia chilenos en los últimos años, sumado a la revisión bibliografía y la experiencia laboral de ambas con población migrante, solicitante de asilo y refugiada.

Abstract The article analyses urban environmental justice as a new and encouraging paradigm in Mexico. Even when it is not explicitly recognized, there are principles in the Constitution, in international treaties, in a number of national laws and in jurisdictional resolutions that endorse it. Within this framework, the article builds on a critical analysis of the current highlights and shadows of urban environmental justice. In this sense, the exercise allows positioning the issue, as well as visualizing desirable tendencies during the two moments: the planning and the vindication.

Resumen El artículo analiza la justicia ambiental urbana como un nuevo y esperanzador paradigma en México; aun cuando no se reconoce expresamente en nuestro país, existen principios y previsiones en la Constitución Política, en los tratados internacionales, en diversas leyes nacionales y en resoluciones jurisdiccionales que lo sustentan. Con este marco, el artículo construye un análisis crítico sobre las fortalezas y debilidades actuales de la justicia ambiental urbana. El ejercicio de identificar luces y sombras permite el posicionamiento del tema, así como visualizar las tendencias deseables pre y post, es decir, la planeación y la reivindicación.

Abstract The Handmaid’s Tale series (based on Margaret Atwood’s 1985 novel) has been established as one of the most impacting dramas over the last years. This show approaches dozens of present-day reproduction issues and ethical dilemmas… In a fictional near future, infertility plays a central role. Environmental deterioration, extreme pollution, and sexually transmitted diseases are to blame as both platitudes and mottos to establish a new theological state. The resulting patriarchal system disregards any consequences of male infertility. Female sexual violence, rape and coerced reproduction predominate. Slaves are reduced to their fertility duty, the government executes doctors known to have performed abortions, which are completely forbidden, and female genital mutilation is routinely performed. In The Handmaid’s Tale, the fertility and environmental crisis become a trigger, dramatically affecting the political/social pyramid. Under the shadows of “new laws”, doctors become less and less doctors but mere technicians, blindfolded and hindered of moral insight. Nowadays, standards of care and national/regional laws regarding female health reproduction are extremely wide-ranging. Doctors should reflect: regardless of the setting, is the core of our medical act still intact? Are we practicing a humanistic medicine? Should we be mere scientific practitioners oriented by new and everchanging mutant social obligations?

Resumo A série The Handmaid’s Tale (baseada no romance de Margaret Atwood de 1985) tem sido considerada uma das séries dramáticas mais impactantes dos últimos anos. Nesta, são abordados dezenas de tópicos e dilemas éticos da área da reprodução muito atuais... Num futuro fictício próximo, a infertilidade desempenha um papel crucial. A detioração ambiental, poluição extrema e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis são consideradas causas e motivações para o estabelecimento de um novo estado teológico. Nesse sistema patriarcal resultante, o papel da infertilidade de causa masculina é ignorado. A violência sexual feminina, violação e reprodução coagida predominam. As aias limitam-se à sua fertilidade, o governo executa médicos que levem a cabo abortamentos (que estão completamente proibidos) e a mutilação genital feminina é realizada de forma rotineira. Em The Handmaid’s Tale, a crise de fertilidade e ambiental são o gatilho que força uma dramática alteração da pirâmide política/social. Na sombra das “novas leis”, os médicos, cada vez menos médicos, tornam-se meros técnicos. Atualmente, a qualidade dos serviços e leis nacionais/regionais em saúde reprodutiva feminina são extremamente díspares. Os médicos deverão refletir: independentemente do seu contexto, estará o cerne do nosso ato médico intacto? Estaremos a praticar uma medicina humanística? Seremos meros praticantes de ciência orientados pelas novas e constantemente mutáveis obrigações sociais?

The Hebrew Bible is a complex of sacred texts shaped and reshaped by Israelites, Judaeans and later Jews under the shadows of empires, which threatened, oppressed, dominated and at times provided protection to them. At the same time, they more often than not had to resist, shun, and yet forcefully submit to the empire and on other occasions, they supported, colluded with and mimicked the empire. This essay explores decolonial options for reading the Hebrew Bible, considering two determinations: the Hebrew Bible is a product of the colonised and was influenced and sponsored by the empire.

Abstract After forty years of democratic restoration in Argentina, this essay proposes a path through seven steps, each of them marked by a Gordian knot in the historical and conceptual development of Latin American political science, such as the study of: the processes of democratic breakdown, authoritarian regimes, the imprint of dictators, transitions to democracy, democratic quality, the unfinished promises of democracy and its de-democratization. This itinerary in the conceptual debate of political science seeks to mirror itself in the light of the artifacts of Argentine and Latin American literature and cinema. This enables us to stop thinking of film and literature as fiction on the one hand, and history only through the scientific record on the other; that is, it allows us to think of film and literature as a mixture of artifice and reality that brings into play time, image, art, morality, aesthetics and politics.

Resumen Luego de cuarenta años de la recuperación democrática en Argentina, este ensayo propone un derrotero por siete peldaños, cada uno de ellos marcado por un nudo gordiano dentro del desarrollo histórico y conceptual de la ciencia política latinoamericana, como son el estudio de los procesos de quiebras de la democracia, los regímenes autoritarios, la impronta de los dictadores, las transiciones a la democracia, la calidad democrática, las promesas inconclusas de la democracia y su desdemocratización. Este itinerario en el debate conceptual de la ciencia política busca espejarse a la luz de los artefactos de la literatura y el cine argentinos y latinoamericanos. Esto nos habilita a dejar de pensar el cine y la literatura como una ficción por un lado, y la historia solo a través del registro científico por el otro; es decir, nos permite pensar el cine y la literatura como una mixtura de artificio y realidad que pone en juego el tiempo, la imagen, el arte, la moral, la estética y la política misma.

Resumo: A sífilis é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível potencialmente grave. A apresentação clínica é muito variada, desde manifestações cutâneo-mucosas a neurológicas. Para o diagnóstico, são utilizados estudos laboratoriais, treponêmicos e não treponêmicos, com os quais são realizados diferentes algoritmos para reduzir as limitações de cada teste separadamente. Discutimos o caso de um jovem que apresentou febre e lesões cutâneas sugestivas de sífilis secundária, com teste VDRL falso negativo devido ao efeito prozona. Esse fenômeno raro se deve à concentração desproporcionalmente alta de anticorpos. Conhecer as ferramentas diagnósticas e trabalhar em conjunto com a equipe do laboratório pode facilitar a abordagem da doença e o tratamento oportuno, reduzindo assim a morbimortalidade dos pacientes.

Abstract: Syphilis is a potentially serious sexually transmitted infection. The clinical presentation is very varied, from cutaneous-mucosal to neurological manifestations. For the diagnosis, treponemal and non-treponemal laboratory studies are used, with which different algorithms are performed to reduce the limitations of each test separately. We discuss the case of a young man who presented with fever and skin lesions suggestive of secondary syphilis, with a false negative VDRL test due to prozone effect. This rare phenomenon is due to a disproportionately high concentration of antibodies. Knowing the diagnostic tools and working together with the laboratory team can facilitate the approach to the disease and timely treatment, thus reducing the mor bidity and mortality of patients.

Resumen: La sífilis es una infección de transmisión sexual, potencialmente grave. La presentación clínica es muy variada, desde manifestaciones cutáneo-mucosas hasta neurológicas. Para el diagnóstico se emplean estudios de laboratorio, treponémicos y no treponémicos, con los que se realizan diferentes algoritmos para disminuir las limitaciones de cada prueba por separado. Se discute el caso de un joven que se presenta con fiebre y lesiones en piel sugestivas de sífilis secundaria, con un test VDRL falso negativo por efecto prozona. Este fenómeno, infrecuente, se debe a la concentración desproporcionadamente alta de anticuerpos. Conocer las herramientas diagnósticas y trabajar en conjunto con el equipo de laboratorio, puede facilitar el acercamiento a la enfermedad y a un tratamiento oportuno disminuyendo así la morbimortalidad de los pacientes.

Abstract: This article aims to rethink the meaning of “nature” and the human in Plato, more specifically through some examples contained in the Phaedrus, a rare dialogue further away from the city. Phaedrus and Socrates leave Athens on a path outside the walls, past the Ilisus stream and the breeze of the woods, and end up sitting in the shadows of trees full of singing cicadas. What is the meaning of this scenario in the construction o the text? Is it possible to learn from oak trees or insects? The philosophizing of this dialogue passes through the coolness of the shadows of the trees in the hot summer noon. This sensuous topography through the text reveals the writer Plato wary of the enveloping meaning of the living drama between Phaedrus and Socrates. The audience and participation of natural elements, trees and cicadas in the dialogue reveals an involvement of the discourse with the surrounding atmosphere, a special concern of Socrates in his palinode and in his final prayer to Pan. In this dialogue, more than distinct and removed from nature, we think the human being (and reason) immersed in it - in an attempt to integrate a mythological and dialogical search between river, rock, plants, animals, humans, gods and demigods. The image of an overly rationalist and humanist Plato finds in this text a perspective of an inspired writer, a hybrid poet and philosopher, with a mission to restore language and the city to animal and cosmic life.

Resumo: Esse artigo visa repensar o significado da natureza e do humano em Platão, mais especificamente através de alguns exemplos contidos no diálogo Fedro, raro diálogo mais afastado da cidade. Fedro e Sócrates saem de Atenas numa trilha para fora dos muros, passando pelo córrego Ilisso e pela brisa dos bosques, e acabam sentados nas sombras das árvores cheias de cigarras cantantes. Qual o sentido desse cenário na construção do texto? É possível aprender com carvalhos ou insetos? O filosofar desse diálogo passa pelo aconchego das sombras das árvores no quente meio-dia de verão. Essa topografia sensual através do texto revela o escritor Platão cuidadoso com o significado envolvente do drama vivo entre Fedro e Sócrates. A participação e audiência dos elementos naturais, das árvores e cigarras no diálogo revela um envolvimento do discurso com a atmosfera circundante, preocupação especial de Sócrates em sua palinódia e em sua oração final à Pan. Nesse diálogo, mais do que distintos e afastados da natureza, pensamos o ser humano (e a razão) mergulhados nela - numa tentativa de integração e busca mitológica e dialógica entre rio, rocha, plantas, animais, humanos, deuses e semi-deuses. A imagem de um Platão demasiado racionalista e humanista encontra nesse texto uma outra perspectiva: a de um escritor inspirado, híbrido poeta e filósofo na missão de restaurar a linguagem e a cidade à vida animal e cósmica.

Resumen Desde la sentencia del Tribunal Europeo del 9 de febrero de 1990 en el caso Powell y Rayner contra Reino Unido hasta hoy, han pasado 30 años en los que se ha producido jurisprudencia para tomar consideración en la protección del medio ambiente de los particulares por dos vías indirectas: cuando se es titular de derechos cuya garantía se exige en determinados supuestos y en virtud de un efecto reflejo, la protección del medio ambiente, y en cuanto que partícipes en la titularidad de un interés general del cual es un elemento integrante el medio ambiente y cuya salvaguardia permite imponer limitaciones en el goce de determinados derechos reconocidos en el sistema del Convenio Europeo. En este estudio se aborda un examen crítico de las luces y sombras de esta rica jurisprudencia.

Résumé Depuis l’arrêt de la Cour européenne du 9 février 1990 dans l’affaire Powell et Rayner contre Royaume-Uni jusqu’à aujourd’hui, trente ans se sont écoulés au cours desquels il y a eu une riche jurisprudence prenant en compte la protection de l’environnement des individus par deux voies indirectes: tant que vous êtes titulaire de droits dont la garantie nécessite dans certains cas et en vertu d’un effet réflexe, la protection de l’environnement, et que vous participez à la propriété d’un intérêt général dont l’environnement et dont la sauvegarde permet d’imposer des limitations à la jouissance de certains droits reconnus dans le système de la Convention européenne. Cette étude aborde un examen critique des lumières et des ombres de cette riche jurisprudence.

Abstract Since the judgment of the European Court of February 9, 1990 in the case of Powell and Rayner against the United Kingdom until today, 30 years have passed in which there has been a rich jurisprudence taking into account the protection of the environment to individuals by two indirect means: as long as they are the owner of rights whose guarantee requires in certain cases and by virtue of a reflex effect, the protection of the environment, and as long as they participate in the ownership of a general interest of which it is an integral element of the environment and whose safeguarding allows imposing limitations on the enjoyment of certain rights recognized in the European Convention system. This study addresses a critical examination of the lights and shadows of that rich jurisprudence.

Abstract Even though it is obvious that mathematics involves social activities, this rather trivial fact is rarely considered as important for its subject matter, mostly due to its undesired ontological consequences. An attempted solution for this tension was developed by Julian Cole’s institutional account of mathematics, named Practice- Dependent Realism. In the present paper, Cole’s account is evaluated, and its lights and shadows assessed concerning the ontological problem that he seeks to solve. I argue that his institutional account, although failing in delivering a sufficient ontological account of mathematics, still opens an important linguistic route for explaining its practice. activities matter consequences Coles Cole s Practice Realism paper evaluated solve practice

Resumo O presente estudo aborda a passagem do tempo e a informação pós-evento como dois fatores com potencial impacto na prova testemunhal que, apesar de provados cientificamente há tempos, seguem sem tratamento adequado no processo penal. O artigo pretende responder a dois questionamentos: (i) por que, diante de tantas evidências científicas, fatores como a passagem do tempo e as informações pós-evento seguem sendo ignorados pelo direito e, especificamente, pelo processo penal?; (ii) como é possível desenhar o processo penal para que esse passe a considerar e a lidar com a passagem do tempo e com as informações pós-evento? Para isso, na primeira parte, são apontadas duas razões que contribuem para manter tais problemas ocultos (presuntivismo e falsa dicotomia entre verdade e mentira); na segunda parte, são apresentados os problemas; e na terceira parte são formuladas três propostas para buscar lidar com esses (produção imediata, quando possível, e existência de protocolos quanto à forma de fazer perguntas e à necessidade de gravação. A metodologia utilizada é a revisão bibliográfica de escritos da psicologia do testemunho, da epistemologia do testemunho e da doutrina do processo penal.

Abstract The present study explores retention interval and post-event information as two potential factors of impact in eyewitness testimony; those factors have been proven scientifically long time ago, but continue to be in the shadows of criminal procedure jurisprudence. The article aims to answer two questions: (i) considering all the scientific evidence available, why do factors as retention interval and post-event information continue to be ignored by the law, and, specifically by the criminal procedure jurisprudence?; (ii) how is it possible to rearrange criminal procedures in order to consider and deal with memory retention interval and post-event information? To do so, in the first part it presents two reasons that contribute to keep those problems in the shadows (presuntivism and false dichotomy between truth and lie); in the second part, it presents the problems; and in the third part it presents three proposals to try to deal with them (immediate production, when possible, and the existence of protocols about the ways of questioning and about the need that interviews are recorded. The methodology used is the analysis of bibliography on psychology and epistemology of testimony, as well as criminal procedure jurisprudence.

Abstract The exponential Chilean wine development achieved in recent years has brought a series of negative consequences, mainly affecting the Itata and Biobio valleys. This article analyzes the power relations of the agents (Vinos de Chile, Coalición Nacional de Viñateros, and public institutions) involved in the wine development of these areas, throughout the analysis and interpretation of discourses and narratives linked to language. One of the most relevant findings is the relationship of “inclusive exclusion” produced by the condition of domination and dependency of small and medium producers on the great industry.

Resumen El exponencial desarrollo vitivinícola chileno logrado en los últimos años ha traído una serie de consecuencias negativas, afectando principalmente los valles del Itata y Biobío. Este artículo analiza las relaciones de poder de los agentes (Vinos de Chile, Coalición Nacional de Viñateros, instituciones públicas) implicados en el desarrollo vinícola de estas zonas, a través del análisis e interpretación de discursos y narrativas vinculadas al lenguaje. Uno de los hallazgos más relevantes es la relación de “exclusión inclusiva”, manifestándose en la condición de dominación y dependencia de los pequeños y medianos productores por parte la gran industria.

Resumen Se realiza una descripción de las colecciones, productos e indicadores bibliométricos de Web of Science, con especial énfasis en su utilidad e importancia en actividades de evaluación científica. Se exponen además sus principales limitaciones de cobertura y de indicadores, que impactan en el análisis de la producción científica en países y/o regiones periféricas y en áreas del conocimiento con menor representación en la fuente. También se comentan los aportes específicos de la base de datos en las distintas actividades y fases de la investigación científica como investigadores, revistas, grupos editoriales y bibliotecas. En concreto, se muestra el volumen de datos, se detallan sus colecciones, productos e indicadores, junto a la valoración de algunos aspectos en lo positivo y negativo. Se realizan comparativos con otras fuentes de información existentes en el mercado de la investigación científica y que igualmente permiten la realización de investigación bibliométrica, brindando al lector una importante caracterización de la herramienta y sus competidores, que ayude a conocer sus perspectivas de uso dentro del escenario de investigación. Las ideas desarrolladas y sistematizadas en el texto, permiten concluir que, a pesar de la relevancia de la misma para la actividad científica en distintos niveles y agregados, los sesgos de sus indicadores, la imposibilidad de acceso a la fuente en muchas instituciones y la existencia de otras herramientas con similares prestaciones y facilidades de uso, son aspectos que se deben tener en cuenta porque inciden en su aplicación, uso futuro y permanencia en el ecosistema de investigación.

Abstract A description of the collections, products and bibliometric indicators of Web of Science is made, with special emphasis on its usefulness and importance in scientific evaluation activities. The main limitations of coverage and indicators, which have an impact on the analysis of scientific production in peripheral countries and/or regions and in areas of knowledge with less representation in the source, are also discussed. The specific contributions of the database to the different activities and phases of scientific research, such as researchers, journals, publishing groups and libraries, are also discussed. Specifically, the volume of data is shown, its collections, products and indicators are detailed, together with the evaluation of some positive and negative aspects. Comparisons are made with other sources of information existing in the scientific research market, which also allow bibliometric research to be carried out, providing the reader with an important characterization of the tool and its competitors, which helps to know its perspectives of use within the research scenario. The ideas developed and systematized in the text lead to the conclusion that despite its relevance for scientific activity at different levels and aggregates, the biases of its indicators, the impossibility of accessing the source in many institutions and the existence of other tools with similar features and ease of use, are aspects that should be taken into account because they affect its application, future use and permanence in the research ecosystem.